N080-630 Eric Report Resume Ed 010 022 Research Seminar
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N080-630 ERIC REPORT RESUME ED 010 022 9 -02 -66 24 RESEARCH SEMINAR ON RACIAL AND OTHERISSUES AFFECTING SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION IN THE GREAT CITIESOF AMERICA. USDAN, MICHAEL D. PXM53750 NORTHWESTERN UNIV.EVANSTON, ILL. CRP-G-028 -66 ERRS PRICE MF-$0.36 NC-48.76 219P. *SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION, *URBANSCHOOLS, *SEMINARS, *CURRENT EVENTS, *SOCIOECONOMIC INFLUENCES, RACERELATIONS, EDUCATION CHANGES, EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS, EDUCATIONALRESEARCH, POPULATION TRENDS, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN RENEWAL, ADMINISTRATORROLE, EDUCATIONAL PLANNING, COLLEGE-HIGHSCHOOL COOPERATION, EVANSTON, ILLINOIS RACIAL STRIFE, POPULATION MOBILITY,CHRONIC UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN DECAY, AND OTHER CURRENT ISSUESWHICH AFFECT THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES OF LARGE CITIES WEREDELINEATED IN A SEMINAR TO PROVIDE WORKABLE PROPOSALS, GREATERCOMMUNICATION, AND UNDERSTANDING AMONG SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS WHO MUSTDEAL WITH THESE PROBLEMS IN THEIR DAY-BY-DAY OPERATIONS. AMONGTHE PARTICIPANTS IN THE SEMINARWERE SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS, REPRESENTATIVESFROM INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND MEMBERS FROM OTHEREDUCATIONAL AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS. A TWO."DIMENSICMALCLASSIFICATION SCHEME WAS DEVELOPED FOR ALL RESEARCH PROPOSALS. THEFIRST DIMENSION SIGNIFIED THE LEVELS WITHIN A SCHOOL ORGANIZATION WITHWHICH A PARTICULAR RESEARCH PROGRAM MIGHT DEAL (I.E., TECHNICAL,MANAGERIAL,' AND INSTITUTIONAL). THE SECOND SUMMARIZED THECATEGORIES OF RESEARCH, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, AND DEVELOPMENT ASMEANS TO ORIENT AND DIRECT A RESEARCH PROGRAM. IT WAS NOTED THATPARTICIPATING SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS TENDED TO EMPHASIZEDEVELOPMENTAL PROPOSALS AT A LOWER ADMINISTRATIVE LEVEL THANDID THE UNIVERSITY PEOPLE WHO MOST OFTEN PREFERRED RESEARCH PROPOSALS.BOTH GROUPS EXPRESSED INTEREST IN A VARIETY OF, PROBLEMS, BUTDIFFERENCES IN APPROACH REMAINED LARGELY UNRESOLVED. THE MOST IMPORTANTCONTRIBUTION OF THE SEMINAR WAS BELIEVED TO BE A FIRMREALIZATION OF THE NEED FOR INCREASED DIALOGUE AND COMMUNICATION BETWEENRESEARCHERS AND ADMINISTRATORS. /00;2cZ, RESEARCH SEMINAR ON RACIALAND OTHER ISSUES AFFECTING SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION INTHE GREAT CITIES OF AMERICA Cooperative Research ProjectNo G-028 Michael D. Usdan Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 1966 The research reported hereinwas supported by the Co- operative Research Program of the Officeof Educatioh, U. S. Department of Health, Education,and Welfare. WELFARE U. S. DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH, EDUCATION AND Office of Education from the This document has beenreproduced exactly as received originating it. Points of view oropinions person or organization Education stated do not necessarilyrepresent official Office of position Or policy. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many persons contributed to the Seminar. The key to the meeting'ssuccess, of course,was the active involvement and outstanding service rendered by thepar- ticipants, whose names are listed on page ii.To these people and totheir school systems, colleges, and universities, we expressappreciation.The papers starting with Calvin Gross' keynote address and endingwith David Clark's finalpresenta- tion were of consistently high caliber andsignificant contributions. Appendix A contains the Seminar Program. We are grateful for the support of'Northwestern University throughwhose offices this Seminar was administered,Particular thanks are due to DeanB. J. Chandler of Northwestern's School of Education whosecontinuous support and guid- ance were instrumental in the Seminar's development andultimate fruition. The Great Cities Research Council had longbeen concerned with many of the issues to be discussedand its constituent cities were invited to sendrepresenta- tives to the Seminar. Particular gratitudemust be expressed to the executive committee and member school systems of the Council for theirinterest in this Seminar. Special thanks are due also to the members of thePlanning Committeecon- sisting of Frederick Bertolaet ofthe Great Cities ResearchCouncil, Luvern Cunningham of the University of Chicago, DavidMinar of Northwestern, andHarold S. Vincent of the Milwaukee Public Schoolsfor their contributionsin planning the program. Finally, thanks must be given to RaphaelNystrand and Arthur Tebbuttfor their assistance during the Seminar and their invaluableaid in preparing this report. Michael D. Usdan Director of the Seminar i PARTICIPANTS Frederick Bertolaet Executive Secretary, Great Cities ResearchCouncil Norman Boyan Associate Professor of Education, StanfordUniversity John Brandstetter Director for Junior High Schools,Houston Independent School District Warren Button Associate Professor of Education, StateUniversity of New York at Buffalo B. J. Chandler Dean, School of Education, NorthwesternUniversity David Clark Professor of Education, Ohio StateUniversity Clair H. Cogan Associate Superintendent, Pittsburgh PublicSchools Luvern Cunningham Director, Midwest Administration Center,University of Chicago William Cunningham Assistant Superintendent, Boston School Department FI,ank Dressler Assistant Superintendent, Buffalo PublicSchools Clifford H. Evans Assistant Superintendent, St. LouisPublic Schools M. Thomas Goedeke Assistant Superintendent, BaltimorePublic Schools Calvin E. Gross Dean, School of Education,University of Missouri at Kansas City Harry Handler Director, Research and Development Branch,Los Angeles Public Schools H. Thomas James Professor of Education, StanfordUniversity Carroll F. Johnson Superintendent of Schools, White Plains PublicSchools Jessie Kennedy Principal, Detroit Public Schools Louis Kornhauser Director, Great Cities Project, Districtof Columbia Public Schoe:s Richard McVey Professor of Education, noosevelt University Curtis Melnick District Superintendent, Chicago PublicSchools David Minar Associate Professor of Political Science,Northwestern University Arthur Rice Project Coordinator- INSITE, School of Education, Indiana University Harry E. Ritchie Assistant Superintendent of Research andDevelopment, Cleveland Public Schools Harry N. Rivlin Dean of Teacher Education, The CityUniversity of New York Sam Shepard, Jr. Assistant Superintendent., St. Louis PublicSchools Charles E. Stewart Director of Teacher Education, DetroitPublic Schools Harold S. Vincent Suporintendent, Milwaukee Public Schools George Watson Formerly Wisconsin State Superintendentof Public Schools Harold Webb Executive Secretary, National School BoardsAssociation Harold L. Weeks Director of Research, San FranciscoUnified School District Wesley A. Wildman Industrial Relations Center, Universityof Chicago Richard Wynn Professor of Education, Universityof Pittsburgh ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE /. THE SEIINAR--BACKGROUND AM OBJECTIVES 1 Urgent Issues in the Big Cities: Implications for Administration Calvin E. Gross I 5 II. SEMINAR PRESENTATIONS 6 13 The Politics of Education in Large Cities: A Political Scientist'S Viewpoint David W. 4, 13 Educational Problems in the Large Cities of America: Board Members Perspectives Harold Webb OOOOOOOOOO es 28 The Politics of Educational Finance and Budgetary Decision-Makingin Large City School Systems H. Thomas James 38 A Superintendent Views the Racial Problems Confronting School Administrators Carroll F. JohnsonOOOOO 49 Racial Issues Confronting Large City School Administrators Charles E. Stewart 60 The School-Community Relationship in Big Cities Samuel Sheturd, Jr. 78 The Inevitable Change in School Public Relations Arthur H, Rice 8? The Reorganization of Large City School Districts--Implications of Decentralization for Administrators B. J. Chandler 94 Large CitieswState Department Relationships: Problems and Prospects G. B. Watsonp 100 iii CHAPTER PAGE The Preparation ofLarge City SchoolAdministrators Luvern L. Cunningham..OOOOO 113 Personnel Problems Confronting Large City SchoolAdministrators Richard C. McVey . 136 Teacher C011ective.Actionin the U. S.: 1965 Wesley A. Wildman . OOOOO 152 III. RESEARCH OUTCOMES ofTHE SEMINAR 0 .41 170 Research Implications of the Seminars A Review and Synthesis David L. Clark . s 198 APPENDIX A SEMINAR PROGRAM OOOOO . 211 iv CHAPTER I THE SEMINAR--BACKGROUNDAND OBJECTIVES THE PROBLEM Recent developments have dramatized the educational,social, political, and economic crisiswhich currently existsln largecities all over thecountry. Unprecedented challenges confront the administratorsof the nation's largest school districts.Rapidly changing social and economic conditionsconfront large city school superintendentswith a host of serious problems. Racial strife,popu- lation mobility, chronic unemployment, urban decay,and other importantdevelop- ments have altered significantly the settingand role of the publicschools in the great cities ofAmerica. The impactupon urban'schools ofa society in a per- petual state of ferment and transition isnaturally profound. School administra- tors in the large cities must exercise superiorleadership if educationis to serve its crucial role of keeping our democracyviable in a difficultera of change and transition. The myriadpressures exerted upon administrators in the greatcities is perhaps unparalleledin the history of educational administrationin this country. The complexity and pervasiveness of racialand other issuesas well as the grav- ity of the problemsto be solved are awesome to contemplateparticularly at a time when financialresources are shrinking in relation to the acuteeducational needs of the largecities. An analysis ofissues such as the adequacy of theadministrative structure of large city schoolsystems or the import of increasing teacher militancyhas important implicationsfor any attempt to improve urban educationin