Impact of Industrial Upgrading O a Case Study for the Jinan Prior

2021 International Conference on Business Management, Humanities and Education Engineering (BMHEE 2021)

Impact of Industrial Upgrading on Urban Function and Layout - A Case Study for the Jinan Prior Zone for Replacing Old Growth Drivers with New Ones Jingdong Hu* and Youfa Chen Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract. Urban upgrading promotes the metabolism of urban functional elements, and then the urban layout is adjusted and relocated. A series of urban development activities have the regularity. Taking the Prior Zone for Replacing Old Growth Drivers with New Ones in Jinan as an example, this paper attempts to discuss the direct effect of urban industrial upgrading on the city and its impact. As the case analyzed is in the stage of construction and implementation, the research logic is more inclined to observation and inference. It is more contemporary to sort out the effects of industrial upgrading on the city, and it is more timely to derive the conclusion on the impact of urban function and layout. Keywords: Urban industry; Urban function; Urban layout; Replacing Old Growth Drivers With New Ones.

1. Introduction In the 2020s, urban development and planning focus on reviewing the past and looking forward to the future. Looking at the world, the international situation seems calm and peaceful, and yet it is still difficult to cover up the objective fact that the global economic development is sluggish. The potential competition and hidden competition between cities are going on at all levels. In order to seek the rapid development of the city, macro-control and reform is essential. A city is the habitat of civilization, the habitat of most human beings, and the incubator for the iterative renewal of science, technology, culture and emerging technology. The industrial structure, elements and relationship chain of a city have always been the key research objects of urban planning and design. As most urban maladies are attributed to middle and low-end industries with lower industrial level, cities gradually realize that their industrial level and development destiny are closely related to each other, and they have joined the ranks of urban industrial upgrading. Industrial upgrading will inevitably lead to the reconstruction of many levels of urban morphology. This work focuses on the impact of urban function and layout (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. The impact logic of industrial upgrading on urban function and layout

2. The Concept and Connotation of the Urban Industrial Upgrading The concept of urban industry is integrated with its own structure and layout. Urban industry is similar to the functional system of organism, which is the mechanism of interweaving and working together. Industrial structure refers to the proportion and combination degree among industries and among industries within them. Combined with the characteristics of the times, the upgrading

iteration of urban industry is to re-position the urban industry, adjust the industrial structure and category ratio, and re-formulate the plan of urban production and life. Nowadays, the urban industrial structure gradually begins to appear the feature of demarcation, and the industry tends to the mode of integrated development [1]. Urban industrial upgrading is a "golden trump card" to attract talents, technology, capital and resources in the process of urban development. At present, there are many practice cases of urban industrial upgrading, and the specific forms are also very complex. The leading levels of upgrading measures are also different. For example, the industrial upgrading led by the city itself is mainly manifested in the industrial upgrading of resource-based cities. The heritage of the industrialization era has been gradually eliminated by the information age, and the resource-based cities with single economic structure have gradually transformed themselves into cities dominated by emerging industries [2]. Then, there is the industrial upgrading led by the national strategy, which is mainly manifested in the experimental area of industrial kinetic energy conversion, such as the comprehensive experimental area of new and old kinetic energy conversion in Shandong.

3. Urban Function and Layout Urban function is generally defined as the role that a city can play in the social and economic life within the scope of a country or region. Urban layout refers to the arrangement of different properties plots within the jurisdiction of a city according to its basic functional zoning. It can be seen that there is a dialectical and unified relationship between the function and layout of the city. Facts have proved that urban functions and urban layout in the context of modern life are beginning to subvert the tradition. Traditional urban material functions are divided into four major functions: residence, work, recreation and transportation [3]. With the advent of the information age, urban industries are actively engaged in upgrading and transformation, and thus the functional elements are constantly expanding, and then the urban layout needs to be adjusted.

4. Specific Characterization of Urban Industrial Upgrading: Jinan Prior Zone For Replacing Old Growth Drivers With New Ones The comprehensive pilot zone of new and old kinetic energy conversion in Shandong is a comprehensive pilot zone for regional national development strategy. Also, it is the first regional development strategy comprehensive pilot zone with the theme of new and old kinetic energy conversion in China. Jinan pilot zone is the implementation leader of Shandong comprehensive pilot zone for new and old kinetic energy conversion. 4.1 Jinan Prior Zone For Replacing Old Growth Drivers With New Ones Jinan Prior Zone for new and old kinetic energy conversion in Jinnan is located in the north of Jinan City, Shandong Province. The area under its jurisdiction spans both sides of the Yellow River, starting from Xiaoqing River in the south, Tuhai River in the north, Yupu River in the west, and the eastern boundary of Lingang in the east, with a total area of about 1030 square kilometers (Fig. 2). The pilot zone is located in the north of the old urban area in Jinan, bordering Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei in the north and Nantong Yangtze River Delta in the south. It is 240 kilometers away from Xiongan New District and can be reached by high-speed railway in one hour. It is located in the center of the Beijing-Shanghai Economic Corridor (Fig. 3). The traffic network in the pilot zone is mature. At present, there are four expressways: Qingyin Expressway, Jinan Ring Expressway, Beijing-Shanghai Expressway and Donglv Expressway. There are two high-speed railways: Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and Shijiazhuang-Jinan passenger dedicated line. It is adjacent to Jinan Yaoqiang international airport in the east, Jinan west railway station in the west, and Shijiazhuang-Jinan passenger dedicated line new east railway station and Jinan railway station in the south.

Figure 2. The Prior Zone map - adapted from Jinan Municipal People's Government website

Figure 3. The Prior Zone geographical location analysis - adapted from Jinan Municipal People's Government website

Before the establishment of the new and old kinetic energy pilot zone policy, the urban layout of Jinan expands to the east and west with the main urban area as the center. The old urban area has the "world's first spring scenic spot", focusing on the development of cultural tourism industry. In the west to Changqing region, it focuses on the academic education of "university base town" and the bio-medicine and medical care and health industry represented by "international medical science center". "Southern mountain area" pays attention to ecological protection and agricultural production. The eastern region is most heavily affected, covering the big data and new-generation information technology, intelligent manufacturing and high-end equipment, science and technology service industries led by the National Supercomputing Jinan Center and Qilu Software Park, as well as the financial and securities industry led by the Jinan Central Business District. However, the northern region has been unable to solve the problem of developing north across the Yellow River. Therefore, the north bank of the Yellow River has undoubtedly become a gathering place of backward industries, and the operation of industrial self-run factories has been carried out on a large scale. The disadvantages of backward industries are increasingly exposed here. The industrial

efficiency is low, but the natural cost is high, and the economic effect is gradually unable to support the operation of urban areas. Therefore, the construction of the new and old energy conversion pilot zone is put on the agenda. It will become a new power engine and open frontier, lead the innovation and development, and comprehensively help Jinan from the "Daming Lake era" to the "Yellow River era". The pilot zone planning and construction of the action guide is "development along the river", and the area under the jurisdiction is spread out along the Yellow River in the north of Jinan City. The pilot zone is divided into two parts by the Yellow River: 300 square kilometers to the south and 730 square kilometers to the north. 450 square kilometers of the 730 square kilometers in the north are designated as the direct management area of the pilot zone. In planning organization, "three teams" have been set up (i.e., "international team" composed of SWECO, McKinsey and SOM, "national team" composed of CAUPD, ECADI and Industry Institute of National Development and Reform Commission, and "local team" composed of Provincial Academy of Sciences, Municipal Planning Academy and Municipal Council), realizing the multi-dimensional integration of planning concept, vision, technology and practice [5]. This policy planning is bound to bring dramatic changes for Jinan, and all parties are looking forward to the final test results [6-7]. The industrial upgrading program aims to create a universal "model", and thus the construction concept completely ignores the echo of Jinan local culture. However, the essence of Jinan lies in the growth and nourishment of "spring" culture. "Spring City" should be the card of Jinan's externalization and the soul of its internalization. It is a pity that the overall promotion has nothing to do with "spring". 4.2 New and old kinetic energy conversion and urban industrial upgrading Based on the relationship between the new and old kinetic energy conversion and urban industrial upgrading, the content of policy documents can be studied. The pilot zone was officially identified by the local government in "the notice on printing and distributing the implementation plan of the major project for new and old kinetic energy conversion in Shandong Province". The orientation is to "strive to release new vitality in this virgin land. Different from the urban construction mode which mainly focuses on real estate development, the city will be built into a modern green and intelligent city based on industrial development in the future". On the other hand, the overall construction plan of the pilot zone proposes to build a high-level planning and construction pilot zone for the new and old kinetic energy conversion, gather innovative elements and resources, and develop high-end emerging industries. Also, it proposes to build a new platform for open cooperation, build a modern green and smart city, and build an important regional economic center, logistics center and science and technology innovation center in China (State Council Guohan [2018] No.1). According to the interpretation of policy documents, the construction of Jinan pilot zone is closely centered on "intensive innovation and upgrading, development of emerging industries". This is in line with our definition of urban industrial upgrading (i.e., the product of urban industrial upgrading with Chinese characteristics - new and old kinetic energy conversion) [8]. 4.3 Changes in urban function and layout under the background of kinetic energy conversion The ultimate goal of the new and old energy conversion pilot zone is to form a regional functional pattern of "one belt, one axis, two pieces and three zones", and to build a network urban center system of "one main area, two deputy areas and five times". This means that urban industrial upgrading will make land use more compatible and mixed, and urban layout will develop from single-center to multi-center and even pan-center network structure. Taking "bringing Hebei across" as the strategy of urban pattern adjustment, the goal of "industry and city integration" is finally realized.

5. Impact of Industrial Upgrading on the City The way of urban industrial upgrading is different in different regions, and yet it still follows the common law. Industrial upgrading aims at cities. Most of the methods are to evaluate and partially eliminate the existing industries in cities, and then cultivate new industries that meet the needs of the times and future development based on the original industries. Then, the emerging industries that fit the city orientation are selected as the leading industries to replace the old pillar industries of the city according to the future orientation. The industrial structure should be adjusted and the proportion relationship between industrial shares should be re-matched to achieve the scientific operation effect of the new industrial operation system (Fig. 4). After the completion of industrial upgrading, most of them continue to carry out industrial integration after upgrading. The first is to package content related industries. Secondly, the process is set up in groups for related industries, and the production area responsible for product manufacturing will also take the initiative to get close to the logistics port area, thus reducing the transportation distance of sending and receiving goods. The concentration of content reflects the tendency of the city in the functional level, and the close connection requires that the city pay attention to the physical distance between industrial links in the layout [9].

Figure 4. The process of urban industry influencing the city 5.1 Impact of industrial upgrading on urban functions 5.1.1 Enhancing the functional compatibility of urban space In the dynamic process of urban industrial upgrading, the cross development trend among industries is gradually obvious, which actually indirectly indicates the development trend of industrial integration [1]. The industrial integration brought by industrial upgrading will have a great impact on the urban function, and the concept of integration will be reflected in the compatibility of urban functions. The function in the city is no longer strict partition layout, but towards the direction of mutual compatibility and integration in each function. The fields of production and circulation are gradually blurred, and residential space and employment space are compatible. For example, the rise of SOHO (home office) mode is also based on the urban industrial upgrading, with the network information technology industry as the leading industry, and the work and living functions are compatible. The further mixing of various leisure and entertainment spaces in the city is also the trend of urban industrial upgrading and development, such as a large number of commercial, leisure and cultural complex buildings in the city [4]. 5.1.2 Improving urban infrastructure and urban resources The allocation of urban infrastructure aims to serve the life security of urban residents and the coordinated operation of urban industries. With the upgrading of urban industry, the demand for infrastructure will break through the original function limit (i.e., the follow-up effect of urban industrial upgrading includes the improvement and upgrading of urban infrastructure). Specifically, the first thing to be carried out is the upgrading of municipal roads and equipment pipelines for the new volume of industrial entities, thus meeting the greater local traffic demand and use pressure [10]. After the completion of the transportation network, the industrial upgrading contributes to the intensive management of urban space, leaving more land for non production use. While ensuring economic development, the city will also pursue a higher spiritual and cultural awareness and a more comfortable urban experience. The surrounding public parks and landscape greening will also

be well equipped. Commercial buildings and cultural buildings will be displayed in the city in the form of shopping malls and art museums [11]. The welfare resources represented by education resources and medical resources will also be improved with the upgrading of urban industry. Industrial upgrading is bound to be accompanied by government level investment and talent introduction. After the objective conditions are met, high-quality life security will also be put on the agenda. The daily life of medical treatment, children's education and enrollment all need the city's supporting resources to implement. Most of these projects are funded by the government. On the one hand, the introduction of high-quality resource policy will help to introduce high-quality talents, and then promote the upgrading of urban industry. On the other hand, these resources still rely on the tax growth brought by the upgraded industry, or rely on the industrial upgrading to obtain larger production scale and higher development speed [12]. 5.2 Impact of industrial upgrading on urban layout Industrial upgrading will not have a direct effect on urban layout. Accordingly, industrial upgrading can directly affect the positioning of urban functional blocks, and the reorganization and division of functional blocks will affect the new state of urban layout. Therefore, urban industrial upgrading will indirectly affect urban layout. The determination of urban land use nature needs to be taken into consideration for urban industries. The reason why the new industry can replace the old industry is due to the following factors: low energy consumption, resource protection, no pollution, ecological protection, high power, benefit improvement, etc. New industries can not only eliminate backward industries, but also bring competitive pressure to the survivors of backward industries, and even merge the original industries for integration. The diversified industries are destined to become the trend of future development, and the inclusive mixed mode will become a new land use method. The polycentric evolution of urban layout maintains the benign competition and cooperation among the regions within the city, and finally forms the pan-centralization network structure of urban layout.

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