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ii. 418 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.

Miner alogic a1 Cherni s t r y.

A Danger to be Guarded Against in Making Mineral Separations by means of Heavy Solutions. WILLIAMF. Published on 01 January 1913. Downloaded 27/10/2014 18:33:35. HILLEBRAND(Arner. J. Sci., 1913, [ivJ, 35, 439-440).-It has long been known that certain minerals, especially metallic minerals, are acted on and decomposed by Sonstadt's (potassium-mercuric iodide) and Klein's (cadmium boro-tungstate) solutions. In the case now recorded there has been a replacement of calcium by an equivalent amount of potassium without the mineral being visibly affected. The material under examination was a canary-yellow, crystallised mineral, supposed to be carnotite, from Paradox Valley, Montrose Co., Colorado. It is a hydrous vanadate of calcium and uranium, differing from carnotite in containing calcium in place of potassium. This calcium carnotite is probably identical with the tuyamunite of Nenadkevich (Bull. Acad. Isci. St. Pe'torsbourg, 1912, 945). By the action of Sonstadt's solution it is converted into ordinary carnotite with a decrease in the optic axial angle of 25O. Anal. I is of the untreated mineral, and I1 of another portion which had been treated for eighteen hours with Sonstadt's solution : H,O V,O,. UO,. CaO. K,O. CuO." SiO,,P,O,,BaO, etc. and loss. I. 18.03 53-71 5-20 0.24 4-16 2-45 16'21 11. 18'31 55-37 1.72 6-08 4.22 1'91 12.39 * Copper, and possibly some of the calcium, preseut in an intermixed greenish v aiiada te. L. J. S. View Article Online

MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. ii. 419

Helium in Glucinum Minerals. AHNALUOPiuT1-r (Atti Zl. Accad. Lincei, 1913, [v], 22, i, 140--144).--The author has examiiied twenty-six minerals containing gluciiium, but not radioactive, as to the amount of helium they contain. Taking into account the geological age of the various formations in which the specimens occurred, it is not possible to find any relationship between the amount of helium and the age of the mineral. Considerable variations also occur among the samples from the same locality. The beryls contain usually more helium than the chrysoberyls, whilst the phenacite (Gl,SiO,) examined did not contain any. This observation excludes the possibility of the derivation of helium from glucinum. R. V. S.

Natural Thio-salts. I. The Plagionite Group. FER~WCCIO ZAMBONINI(C'hem. Zeiztrr., 1913, i, 739 ; from Rev. Min. Crist. Ittaliam, 1912, 41, 1-38).-A new source of plagionite is the Veta purissima pit in Oruro, Bolivia, where it is accompanied by crystalline and massive pyrites and lead-coloured clusters of needles or fibrous aggregates of meneghinite (jamesonite ?), a transformation product of plagionite. The plagionite occurs in lead-coloured, lustrous lamell=, and rarely in single crystals, with a : b : c 1.1305 : 1: 0.8422, P=107O15/. It has D1* 5.54, and its analysis agrees with 5PbS,4Sb2S,. Spencer (Min. Mag., 1909, 14, 308) expected that plagionite, heteromorphite, and semseyite would form a morphotropic group in which the PbS content increased by two molecules from step to step. A consideration of the best analyses and of the crystallo- graphic constants, densities, and molecular volumes of the extreme members, however, leads the author to consider the plagionite group

Published on 01 January 1913. Downloaded 27/10/2014 18:33:35. as a series of solid solutions of the end salts 5PbS,4Sb,S3, plagionite, and 5PbS,2Sb2S3, samseyite. J. C. W.

Bauxite or Sporogelite 3 CORNELIUSDOELTER and EMIL DITTLEI~(Crntr. Mi%., 1913, 193-194. Compare A., 1912, ii, 357; 1913, ii, 230).-The name sporogelite has recently been proposed by Ki6patic (this vol., ii, 64, 69) for the colloidal aluminium hydroxide which forms an important constituent of bauxite. The present authors prefer, however, to retain the old name bauxite for this constituent, and to refer to the mixture of minerals (that is, a rock) as bauxitite. It is urged that a definite formula (Al,O,,H,O) cannot be assigned to this mineral, but that, corresponding with the colloidal nature, the water may be variable in amount. L. J. S. Delafossite, a Cuprous Mstaferrite from Bisbee, Arizona. AUSTINF. ROGERS[with analysis by G. S. BOHART] (Amerr. J. Sci., 1913, [iv], 35, 290--294).-The mineral is found as indistinct, platy crystals on hzmatite, and occurs together with native copper and cuprite in clay at the lowest zone of oxidation in the Calumet and Arizona mine. The crystals are rhombohedra1 (a : c = 1 : 1*94), with a black colour and streak and a metallic lustre; H =5+. They are nonmagnetic and easily fusible, and readily soluble in hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid, but not in nitric acid. A soft, black, View Article Online

ii. 420 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.

graphite-like form with lamellar structure also occurs. Analysis gave : CU. Fe. Insol. (hEmatite). 0. Total. 41’32 37.26 0’21 [21-21] 100*00 The ratios are very closely Cu : Fe: O= 1 : 1 : 2, and the formula may be written as Cu’Fe’/’O,, cuprous metaferrite, or as Cu”Fe”O,, cupric hypoferrite. Qualitative tests show the presence of both ferrous and ferric iron; but it is pointed out that mixed solutions of cupric sulphate and ferrous sulphate react in the same manner. The first formula is regarded as the more probable. The well-known metaf errites (magnetite, FeFe,O,, etc.) of the spinel group are cubic in crystallisation ; but the artificial sodium metaferrite, NaFeO,, is rhombohedra1 and perhaps isomorphous with delaf ossite. The mineral delafossite was first described from Siberia by Friedel in 1873, and it has hitherto been looked on as a doubtful species. L. 5. S.

Ghromitite. MILORAD2 JOV~TSCXITSCH(Bull. SOC. fray. Mime, 1912 [Le. 19131, 35, 511--516).--Annlysi~ I. is of the bl;tck band, to which the name chromitite was given (A+,1909, ii, 246), from the streams on the mountain Kopaonik, in Servia; and II-V of grains of the same mineral (I1 and 111, dark brittle grains; IV and V, brighter and more resistant) isolated from a weathered mica-schist occurring in this district, and which is therefore to be regarded as the parent rock of the mineral chromitite: Fe,O,. Al,O,. Cr,O,. CaO. MgO. Total. I. 30.59 6-23 59-68 1-25 8 -89 101 ‘64 11. 26.39 6.47 61’58 1’45 3-34 99’23 111. 27’13 877 61-35 1’21 3.10 101’56 22‘83 8’45 63 37 1 -35 2.98 98.98 Published on 01 January 1913. Downloaded 27/10/2014 18:33:35. IV. V. 25-14 10.77 61.36 1 -04 3 ‘65 101-96 These analyses give the formula (Fe,A1)203,2Cr,03,differing from tha.6 previously given, namely, Fep03,Clr,0,. Chrome iron-ores which contain some ferric oxide may be regarded as mixtures of chromite, (Fe,Mg)(Cr,Fe,Al),O,, and chromitite, Fe,Cr,09. L. J. S. Titaniferous Magnetite in the Basalt of Eresztevhy, Hungary. ALADBR VENDL(Foldt. Kozl., 1912, 42, 9 11-9 12, 958---959).-A mineral occurring in the basalt of Eresztevhny in the Medves Mountains, as black grains with a bright metallic lustre on its conchoidal fracture, has been referred to as ilmenite (“ Titaneisen ”). It is, however, strongly magnetic, and the follow- ing analysis proves it to be really a titaniferous magnetite: TiO,. SiO, FeO. Fe,O,. Mn,O,. Total. 6-58 trace 38.32 53-68 1 *03 99.61 L. J. S. Two Varieties of Calciovolborthite (3) from Utah. WILLIAM F. HILLEBRANDand HERBERT E. MERWIN (Amer. J. Sci.,1913, [iv], 35, 441445).-The minerals described occur as thin encrustations, View Article Online

MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. ii. 421

together with other copper minerals, on sandstone near Richardson, in the canyon of Grand River, S.E. Utah. Both of them have the form of rosettes and patches of minute reticulated scales, and they are sometimes present together on the same hand-specimens. Only very limited amounts of impure material, consisting of scrapings from the sandstone surfaces, were available for examination. Analysis I (after deducting 30.6% of material insoluble in very dilute nitric acid) is of the yellowish-green variety. The optical characters of this indicate that the scales are probably monoclinic ; and they show very strong inclined dispersion. Analysis I1 is of the greenish-yellow variety, which is probably pseudomorphous after the yellowish-green mineral. No definite formulae can be deduced from these analyses. I is a hydrous vanadate of copper, and I1 a hydrous arsenuvanadat.e of copper and calcium :

H20 H2O V205. 8~205.Pz05. CuO. CaO. BaO. MpO. K20,Na20. (105").(>105").CO2.Si02. Fez03. Total. I. 30.6 1'1 0'3 48.4 3.9 2.7 0'3 0-7 1'8 6 4 2'4 0.6 0.8 100'0 11." 16'0 17'2 0'8 37'1 15.3 2.3 0'5 0-2 1'0 4'3 0.9 0.7 0-5 100'0 * Also manganese, cobalt, and aluminium oxides, 3'2. Very similar specimens have also been found in Paradox Valley, Montrose Co., Colorado. L. J. S.

Datolite from Mt. Mashuk, Caucasus. NIEOLAIA. ORLOV (Juhvb. Min., 1913, i, Ref. 38 ; from ATLWGiol. Min. Russ'L'o,191 1, 13, 1'46--1448).-Previous analyses of the massive black mineral from this locality, near Pyatigorsk, did not lead to its correct identifi- cation, owing to the presence of impurities in considerable amount (A., 1912, ii, 950). Crystals of a black, grey (anal. I), and white

Published on 01 January 1913. Downloaded 27/10/2014 18:33:35. (anal. 11) colour have now been found, and the mineral is proved to be datolite. In the analyses, the boron was estimated by distilling the alkali fusion with methyl alcohol and hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, and collecting in a solution of potassium hydroxide :

Si02. TiO,. B,O,. Al,O,. Fe,03. CaO. MgO. Na,O. K,O. H,O. Total. I. 42.41 0.14 16-18 1'45 1-78 32-90 0.12 0.21 0.01 5-02 100.22 11. 37'25 - 21-26 0.24 0.19 36-41 0.15 n.d. n.d. 5'24 100'74 PETRN. TSCHIRVINSKI(Zoc. cit., 166-174) also proves the identity of the massive mineral with datolite. It is rendered impure by intermixture with an amorphous, kaolin-like substance, hamatite and other ores, clastic quartz and plagioclase, and calcite. L. J. S.

Chemical Examination of Certain Minerals from Ceylon Gravel. GEORGIIPROKOFEVITSCH TSCHERNIK(BUlt?. ACC6d. A%%.,st. Pgtersbourg, 1 91 3, 163-1 74). - Gravel from the Sabaragamuws Province of Ceylon contains small grey pebbles with a faint greenish tinge, the fresh fracture being almost pure black. The mineral gives a greenish-grey streak, and in thin sections permits a faint, bottle-green light to traverse it. It is not quite so hard as ortho- VOL. CIV. ii. 28 View Article Online

ii. 422 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.

clase, and D has 3.76. Thin sections are seen to be non-homogeneous. Chemical analysis gives the results : SiO,. Ce203 Y,O,. A1,0,. Fc20,. FeO. MnO. CaO. MgO. U,O,. 30.91 16'82 0.47 10-48 8'18 12-82 0.07 10.06 2'07 4.81 Thoy H,O. K,O. Na,O. Quartz. Total. 0.38 1-85 0.09 0.06 0.17 99'24 The mineral is hence an orthosilicate of the form:

(R110)4(SioZ)3 (R111~03)2(si0?>3+ H?07 and is similar, but not identical with, orthite, which has the com- position, 6Si0z,3R111z03,4R110,H20. T. H. P.

Mineral Occurrences at Princeton, New Jersey. ALFRED C. HAWKINS(Amer. J. Sci., 1913, [iv], 35, 446-450).-Crystallo- graphic descriptions are given of the various minerals (brookite, ilmenite, barite, chlorite, pyrite, calcite, and quartz), which are found as small, brilliant crystals in cavities and joints in brecciated sandstone in the neighbourhood of Princeton. Analysis, by A. H. Phillips, of the massive analcite, occurring together with crystals in the same district, gave: SiO,. A1,08. Na,O. H,O. Total. 53-79 23.58 14.35 8.35 100.07 L. J. S.

Synthesis of Potassium-Nephelite. GEORGESFRIEDEL (Bull. Soc. jrm2p &fin., 1912 [i.e. 19131, 35, 471-480). - Muscovite (anal. I) was heated with a solution of pure potassium hydroxide at 510-600° during forty to forty-five hours in a sealed steel tube with a copper lining. The copper was partly recrystallised, and the Published on 01 January 1913. Downloaded 27/10/2014 18:33:35. mica was transformed into a crystallised product identical with the mineral kaliophjlite or potassium-nephelite. The crystals have the form of hexagonal prisms and plates, D 2-65; anal. I1 corresponds with the formula K,0,A1,03,ZSi0,, with some of the alumina replaced by ferric oxide. Previous experiments made under similar conditions (Friedel, A., 1890, 1080) showed that when more than 2% of sodium hydroxide is present in the solution the crystallised product contains a predominating amount of the sodium molecule, N~0,A1,0,,2SiO2, as in natural nephelite. The potassium com- pound has been previously obtained by fusion with potassium fluoride, but in the form of orthorhombic crystals (Duboin, A., 1892, 1286). SiO,. A1,0,. Fe,O,. CaO. MgO. K,O. Na,O. H20. Total. I. 43'7 34.6 5.8 0.3 2'1 9.3 0.3 4'7 100.8 11. 37.2 26.2 6.6 - - 29.6 0.9 - 100.5 It is therefore concluded thak the potassium and sodium salts, R,0,A1,03,2Si0, may be isomorphous, and that the explanation of the composition of natural nephelite given by Morozewicz (A., 1908, ii, 201) does not apply. To account for the excess of silica the recent theories of Foote and Bradley, Schaller, and Bowen are more likely to be correct. L. J. S. View Article Online

MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. ii. 423

Viridine, a Variety of Andalusite. G. KLEMM(Cham. Zentr., 1913, i, 54; from Notix. Ver. ErdrE. GeoE. Landesanst. Darmstadt, 1911, 4--13).-A hornblende from the vicinity of Darmstadt contains a new mineral in the form of very small grains or columns of a green colour. It is rhombic, optically positive, and biaxial, has prismatic fracture, very strong pleochroism, double refraction (mean value 1-67), and considerable dispersion. Dittrich's analysis gave : SiO,. TiO,. A1,0,. Fe,O,. Mn203. Total. 35.30 1'04 55.52 4'16 4.77 100.79 which agrees with the formula (A1,Fe,Mn)2(Si,Ti j0,. The mineral is therefore an andalusite in which aluminium has been partly replaced by iron and manganese, and is similar in constitution and pleochroism to Backstrom's manganandalusite (A., 1897, ii, 371). J. C. W. Minerals from the Ilmen Mtns., Urals. W. SILBERMUNTZ (Jahd. Min., 1913, i, Ref. 51-52; from Z'rav. SOC.Nntur. Xt. P2ters- boury, 1911, 35, Sect. GZoZ. et Min., 221--244).-Analysis I is of crystals of malacon; 11, of brown aegirite; 111, of green aegirite; and IV, of a felspar consisting of a perthitic intergrowth of albite and microcline, the former predominating. All these minerals were isolated from an aegirite-pegmatite from the Roshkov spring : SiO,. AI,O,. Fe,O,. FeO. MnO. MgO. CaO. Na.0. K,O. Ign. Total. Sp. gr. I.* 30'64 - 3'29 - trace - - - - 0.95 100.55 454 11. 50-98 0.71 27'44 3-64 1.87 0'42 5-13 9-46 0.42 0-39 100'46 3.52 111. 54'14 1.18 28.21 1.76 1.68 0.19 2-80 8'93 1.10 0'88 100-81 3.39 IV.? 65.18 18'60 1.00 - - 0.17 0'34 8.07 5.15 0'47 99.31 2.587 * Also ZrO,, 65.67. i Also BaO, 0.33. A mineral allied to parisite, from the Kyshtymsk district, and Published on 01 January 1913. Downloaded 27/10/2014 18:33:35. some other minerals are also described. L. J. S. Alteration of Phyllite into a Compact Paragonite-rock. FR. KILLIG(Centr. Mba., 1913, 203--209).-The following Feries of analyses, all of material taken from the same hand-specimen, show the progressive replacement of potassium by sodium, the material having been transformed from a grey phyllite (anal. I) into white, shining scales of paragonito (anal. VI). The specimen came from the old emery mines on the Ochsenkopf, near Schwarzenberg, in Saxony. This alteration has taken place along crevices in the rocks of the district, and the paragonite is associated with corundum (emery) and metallic ores. The solutions which deposited the ores no doubt effected the change in composition of the rock. Several other analyses are given of the unaltered and partly altered phyllite : SiO,. TiO,. A1203. Fe203. FeO. CaO. MgO. Na,O. K20. H20. Total. I. 43.09 0'57 38.03 0.83 1'90 0.82 1.11 1.12 7.31 5.33 100.11 11. 44'82 0.60 38'54 0'45 0.20 0.67 0.59 3.28 5'32 5-67 100*14 111. 4454 0.62 38.79 0.41 0.15 0.79 0-36 4'87 3-88 5.58 99-99 IV. 43-86 0.57 37.21 0.73 1-90 0.78 0'28 5.23 3.62 5-80 99-98 V. 44'01 0.67 39.14 0'62 0.16 0.65 0.22 7.03 1.76 5.82 100.08 VI. 45.12 0'71 39.57 0-31 trace 0'49 0.11 7'94 0.47 5'50 100-22 L. J. S. 28-2 View Article Online

ii. 424 ABSTRACTS OB CREMICAL PAPERS.

Composition of Volcanic Magmas. SANTIAGOPIRA DE P UBIES [Anal. Fig. Quirn., 1913, 11, 238-248).-Two volcanic magmas from the Canaries consisted respectively of phonolite and basalt. G. D. L. Meteoric Iron from PerryvilIe, Missouri. GEORGEP. MERRILL {Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1912, 43, 595--597).-This mass of iron, weighing about 178 kilos., was found in 1906 near Perryville, in Perry Co., Missouri. The etched surface shows a very fine and somewhat irregular octahedral structure ; and the metal is very hard and tough. Fragments showing no visible troilite have D 7-61. The bulk analysis is given under I, and that of the schreibersite under I1 : Fe. Ni. Co. Cii. Mn. P. S. Si. C. Pe,O,. Total. I. 89.015 9'660 0-545 0.025 nil 0'365 0.002 0-003 0.015 0-370 100*00 I. 51.10 34.13 0.30 - - 14.00 - ---99'53 Rare metals (iridium, palladium, platinum, ruthenium) are present as traces, although in variable quantities. In one portion of 25 grams was found 0.004 gram of platinum, and in another of 100 grams only 0'002 gram. The precipitates of ammonium platini- chloride were in all cases coloured faintly orange, indicating the presence of palladium. In another 100-gram portion of the iron were found 0.014 gram of ruthenium and 0.028 gram of iridium, while yet another 100-gram portion yielded 0.0009 gram of ruthenium and 0.0011 gram of iridium. This appears to be the first record of the presence of ruthenium in meteoric iron. L. J. S. Published on 01 January 1913. Downloaded 27/10/2014 18:33:35.