COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE City of Algoma December 2017

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Plan Commission We would like to thank the Steering Wayne Schmidt Committee, the Plan Commission, the Marty Olejniczak Community Development Committee, Jacque Wiese Common Council, and City Staff for Lee Dachelet their role in this Plan Process. Mitch Groessl Guy Haasch Steering Committee Sylven Konkel Mike Glime Sean Olson Jake Maring Sara Krouse Arnold Mueller Jacque Wiese John Ortlieb Jimmy Eddings Lee Haasch Catherine Pabich Community Development Committee Jan Campbell Bruce Charles Marty Olejniczak John Pabich Teal VanLannen Jacque Wiese Blair Wautlet Madison Roberston

Sara Krouse Ron Welch

Common Council Wayne Schmidt Kevin Schmidt Bruce Charles

Janice Mueller Jacque Wiese Eugene Cleveland Mitch Groessl Jan Dart Comprehensive Plan prepared by: Lee Dachelet

Vierbicher City Staff 999 Fourier Drive Ste. 201 Wayne Schmidt, Mayor Madison, WI 53717 Jeff Wiswell 608.826.0532 Amber Shallow www.vierbicher.com Jaime Jackson

Plan Adopted by Common Council on December 4, 2017

©2017 Vierbicher

CONTENTS

Introduction……………………..……..1

Planning Process………………………7

Issues and Opportunities…………….13

Housing………………………………….17

Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources…………………….…………29

Economic Development……………..41

Transportation………………………….63

Utilities and Community Facilities…………………………………73

Intergovernmental Cooperation……81

Land Use…………………………………89

Implementation………………………109

Figures

Figure 1: City of Algoma Key Facts…………………………………………………………..4 Figure 2: Steering Committee Timeline………………………………………………………8 Figure 3: Public Workshops Timeline………………………………………………………….8 Figure 4: SWOT Exercise Results………………………………………………………………11 Figure 5: Housing Rehabilitation Exercise Results………………………………………….5 Figure 6: City of Algoma Income Quick Glance…………………………………………15 Figure 7: Population Trends and Projections………………………………………………18 Figure 8: 2015 Population Pyramid in Algoma…………………………………………….19 Figure 9: Fair Market Rents by Unit Type……………………………………………………24 Figure 10: Percent Employment by Industry 2015………………………………………..44 Figure 11: Educational Attainment………………………………………………………….45 Figure 12: City of Algoma Land Use (all lands) …………………………………………..93 Figure 13: City of Algoma Land Use (developed lands) ……………………………….93

Maps

Map 1: Planning Area…………………………………………………………………………..3 Map 2: Development and Redevelopment Opportunity Areas……………………...16 Map 3: Prime Farmland Soils………………………………………………………………….31 Map 4: Soil Limitations for Dwellings with Basements……………………………………32 Map 5: Water Resources……………………………………………………………………...33 Map 6: Environmental Corridors……………………………………………………………..36 Map 7: Steep Slopes……………………………………………………………………………37 Map 8: Cultural Sites……………………………………………………………………………38 Map 9: Door Peninsula Transportation Corridor…………………………………………..64 Map 10: Average Annual Daily Traffic Counts and Functional Classes……………..68 Map 11: City of Algoma Recreational Areas……………………………………………..78 Map 12: Farmland Preservation Areas……………………………………………………..91 Map 13: Brownfield Sites………………………………………………………………………92

Tables

Table 1: Seasonal Population and Housing Units…………………………………………18 Table 2: Housing Unit Trends and Projections……………………………………………...20 Table 3: Household Size Trends and Projections…………………………………………..20 Table 4: Units in Structure………………………………………………………………………21 Table 5: Year Houses Built……………………………………………………………………...21 Table 6: Owner-Occupied Units Housing Value…………………………………………..22 Table 7: Housing Costs………………………………………………………………………….22 Table 8: Renter Housing Costs………………………………………………………………...22 Table 9: Housing Occupancy………………………………………………………………...23 Table 10: Vacancy Status……………………………………………………………………...23 Table 11: Employed Population 16+ by Occupation……………………………………..43 Table 12: Employed Population 16+ by Industry……………………………………………44 Table 13: Top Employers in Algoma…………………………………………………………..45 Table 14: Occupation Projections……………………………………………………………..46 Table 15: Kewaunee County Location Quotient (2016) ………………………………….48

INTRODUCTION Introduction Key Recommendations Through the planning process, discussions with staff, and public participation, the Wisconsin Planning Law following items were determined to be the main goals for the next five years. This Comprehensive Plan (hereafter referred to as “the Plan”) is an update of the 2003 1. Update Zoning Code to reflect plan for the City of Algoma, Kewaunee and/or anticipation of new County, Wisconsin. This plan was prepared residential, retail, mixed use, and to meet the requirements of Wisconsin’s economic development trends. “Smart Growth” law (1999 Wisconsin Act 9) and adopted under the authority granted 2. Update the Official Map and make by Section 66.1001 of the Wisconsin Statutes, available on the Algoma website. which states in part that, “Beginning on January 1, 2010, any program or action of a 3. Create a 5-Year Capital local governmental unit that affects land Improvement Program (CIP). use shall be consistent with that local 4. Update the Comprehensive Outdoor governmental unit’s comprehensive Recreation Plan to be eligible for plan.”The following ordinances must be grant opportunities. consistent with the Comprehensive Plan: 5. Create a Business Retention and • Official maps Expansion (BRE) program to foster • Subdivision regulations business and customer relationships.

• Zoning ordinances 6. Create Multi-family Housing Strategy- Identify sites and promote sites to • Shoreland/wetland zoning developers for new, infill, or ordinance rehabilitation.

The Plan is a policy document that provides 7. Create a housing code enforcement a guide as to where future conservation, program. growth and development should occur within Algoma. The Plan should be consulted when staff and elected officials make decisions concerning land use and other issues impacting the development of Algoma.

Plan Update and Maintenance

The Comprehensive Plan must be updated every 10 years. This document serves as a living guide for Algoma. The Plan represents the community’s effort to address current issues and anticipate future needs. However, the Plan can and should be amended as issues demand reconsideration of policies in the Plan. The Plan should be used frequently with occasional updates.

2 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Introduction Planning Area

The planning area includes all lands within the current municipal limits and also those lands in the surrounding towns that fall within the 1.5 mile extraterritorial plat review jurisdiction. Presently, Algoma encompasses an area of approximately 2.4 square miles, or 1,559 acres and is located in the northeastern portion of Kewaunee County along the shores of Lake Michigan. Communities that surround Algoma include the Towns of Ahnapee and Pierce.

Map 1: Planning Area

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Introduction 3

Figure 1: City of Algoma Key Facts

Source: ESRI

Key Facts

ESRI Tapestry Segmentation – Heartland Communities

Well settled and close-knit, Heartland Communities are semirural and semiretired. These older householders are primarily homeowners, and many have paid off their mortgages. Their children have moved away, but they have no plans to leave their homes. Their hearts are with the community; they embrace the slower pace of life here but actively participate in outdoor activities and community events. Traditional and patriotic, these residents support their local businesses, always buy American, and favor domestic driving vacations over foreign Source: Vierbicher plane trips.

4 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Introduction

Other Planning Documents These items include gateways into the community, the downtown, retail, tourism, First Impressions identifiable brand, residential, businesses, economy, education, health, social The University of Wisconsin-Extension helps services, emergency services, government, communities assess community infrastructure, land use, recreation, faith and development opportunities and develop culture. The first impressions document is a strategies for community improvement useful document for the community to through the First Impressions Program. review. The First Impressions document also Algoma participated in the program with provided great insight for the Plan’s public the City of Oconto in early 2015. The visitors meetings and the Plan itself. provided their perception of Algoma before visiting and their experience during their visit. Crescent Beach Management & Monitoring The document provides a list of good things Pollutants in Ahnapee River Watershed about Algoma and also a list of things Algoma needs to address to better In 2014, the Algoma submitted a Wisconsin welcome visitors. Coastal Management Program and Project Report. This report includes the assessment and monitoring information for the Ahnapee River Watershed. This report is important to

Algoma because it is able to assess its most valuable resource—water. Going through this process shows Algoma’s dedication for managing natural resources.

Source: City of Algoma

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Introduction 5

Kewaunee County 20-Year Comprehensive Plan Update and Combined Farmland Preservation Plan (2016)

The Plan details the goals, objectives, and actions that can assist with planned growth that also maintains a strong agricultural tradition, preserves valuable natural resources, and minimizes conflicts between farm and non-farm land uses in the county. The Plan identifies farmland preservation areas and non-farmland preservation areas.

Kewaunee County Quality of Life Report (2012)

In 2012, the UW-Extension Center for Community and Economic Development completed the Kewaunee County Quality of Life Report. This report looked at a range of items comprising quality of life in a community: arts & culture, health, home environment, learning environment, natural environment, recreation & leisure, safety, self-sufficiency, and work. A few key findings include

• Employment in arts and culture are low compared to the region and state. • Wealth gap lowest in region; income of highest earners lowest in region. • Health ranking improving and highest in region; tenth in state. • Childcare costs higher than state and nation. • Older adult poverty declining; lowest in region. • Visitor spending increased 19% from 2010-2011; fifth largest in state and greatest increase in region; total tourism-related expenditures increased from 1997-2010. • Construction costs of new homes below region but on par with state.

Source: UW Extension

6 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Introduction PLANNING PROCESS Planning Process During the Public Workshops, a new community vision was also drafted. A community survey was made available from August – November 2016. Two-hundred and Algoma contracted with Vierbicher to assist sixty-three individuals provided input through in updating their Plan, complying with the online community survey. A total of Wisconsin’s “Smart Growth” requirements three public workshops were held to allow under Chapter 66.1001 of the Wisconsin the community to comment on each of the Statutes. Per the Statute, comprehensive elements in the Plan. plans must be updated every 10 years. Community Vision Statements A steering committee was formed to help guide the planning process. The steering A progressive community on Lake Michigan committee met five times from February to and the Ahnapee River that supports September 2017. recreational activities, tourism, diverse development, and strategic growth. A Algoma adopted a Citizen Participation scenic community that preserves its Plan at the beginning of the process. The architectural history, historic downtown, purpose of the Citizen Participation Plan is to waterfront, and natural resources for the define the procedures for public enjoyment of future generations. A involvement during every stage of the volunteer community that is driven to co- planning process. Figures 2 and 3 illustrate design and continuously improve the lives of the planning process. all residents.

Figure 2: Steering Committee Timeline

Figure 3: Public Workshops Timeline

8 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Planning Process

Community Survey The Youth Center, Harbor Pier, and the beach received a plurality of votes As part of the Plan update, the planning rating them “good,” along with a process included a community survey significant portion of respondents rating intended to inform decision-making on them “fair.” Algoma’s future growth and development. The survey was divided into five sections:  About 85% of respondents rated the public infrastructure, natural and cultural streets as either “fair” or “good.” resources, utilities and community facilities, economic development and jobs, and  A majority of respondents indicated housing. Within each section, some street improvements should be a questions asked respondents to rate certain “medium” priority. statements, while others allowed them to provide open-ended feedback on issues  For sidewalks, the community center, the they believed were important to Algoma’s library, the long term care- medical future. The results from each section and center, the youth center, the Harbor other qualitative comments are summarized Pier, the Marina, the boardwalk, parks, below. The full results are available from the and schools between 30% and 50% of community. respondents selected “medium.”

Public Infrastructure  A plurality of respondents rated the beach as “high” priority. More than 38%  More than 60% of respondents selected of respondents rated alleys as “low” “good” condition for City Hall, the priority. Community Center, the Library, the Long-term care medical center, the  Roughly 36% indicated that developing Youth Center, the Marina, the better connections to the Ahnapee boardwalk, parks, and schools. State Trail should be a high priority.

 Alleys were the lowest rated type of  Maintenance of existing streets, infrastructure, with 52% rating them “fair” sidewalks, and bike trails was rated as a and 27% rating them “poor.” higher priority than new development.

 A plurality of respondents rated  Roughly 59% of respondents selected Algoma’s sidewalks as “fair,” at roughly either “medium” or “high” priority for 46 percent. developing better connections to the Ice Age National Scenic Trail.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Planning Process 9 Natural and Cultural Resources Housing

 Respondents rated Christmas Tree Ship  Types of housing in which a majority of Point, Demeuse Dog Park, Heritage Park, respondents rated either “excellent” or Horseshoe Park, Little Park, Newman “good” include: condominiums—89%, Park, Olson Park, and Richmond Park as upscale townhomes—79%, executive “low” priority. single-family homes—73%, mid-level single-family homes—60%, and assisted  About 32% of respondents rated the living facilities for seniors—58%. kayak launch a high priority, while ratings for the aquatic center were  Types of housing in which a majority of about evenly split between “high,” respondents rated either “fair” or “poor” “medium,” “low,” and “not a priority.” include: mobile home parks—83%, multi- unit apartments—71%, single-family  Approximately 60% of respondents starter homes—67%, affordable housing stated that Algoma’s baseball/softball for the elderly—67%, duplexes—56%, diamonds, basketball courts, and and senior apartments—55%. football fields were a “medium” or “high” priority.  Results show 57% of respondents feel the availability of housing is either “lacking” Economic Development and Jobs or “mediocre.”

 Approximately 47% rated putting more  Similar results were shown for the amount effort toward expanding existing of housing—56%, and condition—80%. businesses a “high” priority, with an Aspects rated as predominantly additional 38% rating it as a “medium” “adequate” or “more than adequate” priority. include: proximity to schools—79%, proximity to downtown—69%,  Almost 75% of respondents felt it should affordability—64%, proximity to be a “high” priority to work toward shopping—59%, and proximity to jobs— attracting new businesses. 54%.

 Exactly 58% of residents believe Algoma Utilities and Community Facilities should put more effort toward assisting business startups.  Roughly 90% of respondents believed that ambulance services in Algoma  About 88% of respondents believed it were either “good” or “excellent.” should be a “high” or “medium” priority for Algoma to work toward improving  Approximately 95% of respondents felt the appearance of the business district. the same way about fire protection.

 Roughly 80% felt it should be a “high” or “medium” priority to improve storefronts by providing grants and loans for façades.

10 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Planning Process

Public Meetings “I would really like to _____ in the City of Algoma.” Public Meeting No. 1 Many of the responses fit into the economic The first public meeting was held on April 17, development, housing, community facilities, 2017, with 40 people in attendance. The and agricultural, natural, and cultural project team shared the purpose of the resources elements. Participants wanted to Comprehensive Plan and gathered opinions have an indoor pool, a place to have about the future of Algoma. dances, youth activities in the evening and weekends, have more music events, There were four activities for the public outdoor restaurants, enjoy the river more, participants to offer their opinions. One have more biking, and go to the movies. activity had participants marking issues and opportunities on maps. Several participants “I wish Algoma had ____” also provided input on the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Many of the responses fit into the economic (Figure 4). Another activity had participants development, housing, community facilities, noting their ideas on large pieces of paper. and agricultural, natural, and cultural resources elements. A few of the responses include a mini golf course, more public art, waterfront dining, clothing stores, picnic areas, places to dance, job opportunities, and winter tourism.

Figure 4: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Exercise Results

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Planning Process 11 Public Meeting No. 2 Public Meeting No. 3

The second meeting was held on July 21, The third meeting was held on September 2017. The participants reviewed the Goals, 18, 2017, with 13 residents in attendance. Objectives, and Policies for Economic The participants reviewed the Goals, Development, Intergovernmental Objectives, and Policies for Transportation, Cooperation, and Housing, provided their Land Use, Utilities and Community Services, issues and concerns by identifying areas on Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources, a map and updated the vision statement. and Implementation elements for the Comprehensive Plan. The participants noted areas where to focus on housing rehabilitation (Figure 5) and The participants also noted areas on the economic development efforts. Their Future Land Use map where mixed use and responses were incorporated into the other land use classifications would be Development Opportunity Map in the Land appropriate. Use chapter. The group also reduced the old vision statement to a more cohesive and readable vision statement.

Figure 5: Housing Rehabilitation Exercise Results

12 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Planning Process ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES Issues & Opportunities 28% of Algoma’s population. 2010 Census data reveals 97% of Algoma’s residents live within the urbanized cluster, and the remaining 3% live in rural areas within the The Issues and Opportunities element of the municipal limits. Plan addresses potential issues and opportunities that could influence future Educational Attainment growth and development in Algoma. This element provides an overview of Algoma’s In 2016, 90% of residents 25 or older held at existing conditions, including: population least a high school diploma, with 43% of all and demographics, employment, residents in this group having completed at educational attainment levels, and resident least some college. Thirteen percent held at income. least a bachelor’s degree and 3% of residents attained a graduate or Existing Conditions professional degree. The percentage of residents with no high school education was The each individual chapter within this Plan just under 3% of the total population 25 details the background information about years or older. present conditions in the community that influence planning initiatives moving forward. Articulating where a community currently stands is just as important as Seasonal and recreational housing establishing a vision for what it wants to comprises a large share of become. In the same way that a map is vacancies in Algoma, with just over meaningless if the user cannot identify a 32% of all vacant housing units starting location, so too is the futility of setting goals if a community does not being primarily for vacation or understand where it currently stands. The occasional use. purpose of this section is to highlight precisely where Algoma currently stands with respect to demographic trends, educational attainment levels, employment Employment Characteristics characteristics, household income levels, and development opportunity areas. Roughly 45% of the 1,450 employed residents 16 years or older in Algoma held Demographic Trends white-collar jobs, in management, sales, and administrative support, professional or As of 2016, there are an estimated 3,150 business settings. By contrast, 41% held blue residents living in Algoma, a number that is collar jobs, of which manufacturing was the expected to decrease to 3,139 by 2021. In most common category. Manufacturing 1970, Algoma’s population was over 4,000, comprised over 37% of all employed persons but a continual decline started in the 1990’s 16 or older in Algoma, followed by services and continues to today. Past trends predict at 30% and retail trade at 15%. this decline to continue into the early part of the next decade before leveling off. Median age is also expected to rise from 45.4 years in 2016 to 46.1 years in 2021. This is more than 7 years older than the 2016 median age for the United States, which is 38 years of age. The two age categories with the highest percentage of the population in 2016 were 45-54 and 55-64 years of age, which comprised a combined

14 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Issues & Opportunities Households and Income

ESRI community data presents the following  The percentage of renters increased economic indicators for Algoma: from 23.8% in 2010 to just over 25% in 2016. This figure is expected to  Median household income was remain roughly the same over the $45,159 in 2016 along with a per next five years. capita income of $23,671.  According to 2010 Census data, 18%  Algoma is expected to experience a of residents between 15-24 who rise in median home value from were primary residents in their $93,978 in 2016 to $113,924 in 2021. housing units were owners. This demographic primarily rents,  About 34% of owner-occupied units whereas over 85% of the 65-74 year- were between $50,000 and $99,999 old demographic owns their housing in value. units.

 2010 Census data indicates two-  Seasonal and recreational housing person households comprised 38% of comprises a large share of all households in Algoma, followed vacancies in Algoma, with just over by one-person households at 34%. 32% of all vacant housing units being primarily for vacation or occasional  Family households comprised 61% of use. households, and 48% of households were couples without children.

 Households with children comprised just over 24% of all households, with 15% of households comprising a husband-wife family with related children.

 Multi-generational households made up 1.5% of the total.

 Seventy-one percent of households were owner-occupied, with 44% of the total housing stock owned with a Figure 6: City of Algoma Income Quick Glance mortgage or loan.

 Over 27% of all households in Algoma were owned free and clear.

 Renter-occupied units comprised the remaining 29% of all housing in Algoma.

Source: ESRI

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Issues & Opportunities 15 Development and Redevelopment Opportunities

During the initial site visits and from the public meetings, areas within Algoma were identified for development and redevelopment opportunities for industrial, commercial/retail, and housing stock. Map 2 illustrates a general area for these opportunities along with images that illustrate the conditions of these areas. These areas were identified as high priority areas for Algoma to address issues and concerns such as poor housing quality. In the industrial areas, there are buildings that are vacant and have opportunity for new businesses. For the commercial/retail areas there is opportunity to assist current business owners and also to attract new businesses.

Map 2: Development and Redevelopment Opportunity Areas

Source: Vierbicher

16 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Issues & Opportunities

HOUSING Population and Housing Characteristics Housing Executive Summary Text As of 2015, there are approximately 3,130 residents living in Algoma, a number that is expected to decrease to 2,960 by 2040, A community’s housing stock is its largest according to the Wisconsin Department of long-term capital asset. As is typical in most Administration (DOA). Algoma’s population cities, residential development is one of the has had a continual decline starting in the largest users of land in Algoma (49% of the 1990’s. The City of Kewaunee, by total developed land area). Housing not comparison, had 2,750 residents in 1990 with only provides shelter but also community a slight increase to 2,952 in 2010 with a identity and sense of place. This chapter projected population of 3,015 in 2040 (Figure describes Algoma’s predominant housing 7). stock characteristics, available housing programs, and community survey results. In the 2003 Comprehensive Plan, the seasonal housing population was found by multiplying the number of seasonal housing Table 1: Seasonal Population and Housing Units units by the average number of persons per household. City of Algoma 2000 2015 This includes the estimated seasonal Population 3,257 3,131 population for 2000 and 2015 (Table 1). In Persons per household 2.2 2.2 2015, Algoma had 147 total seasonal Total housing units 1,632 1,663 housing units, 8.8% of the total housing units Total seasonal housing units* 44 147 within Algoma. This is a significant increase Percent of housing units seasonal 2.7 8.8 from the 2.7 seasonal housing units in 2000. Estimated seasonal population** 96 323 Percent population seasonal 2.9 10.31

Source: US Census, 2000 and America Community Survey, 2015

Figure 7: Population Trends and Projections

3,300

3,100

2,900 Algoma Trends 2,700 Algoma Projected 2,500 Kewaunee Trends Kewaunee Projections

Population 2,300 Denmark Trends 2,100 Denmark Projections Oconto Falls Trends 1,900 Oconto Falls Projections 1,700

1,500 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 Year

Source: WI Department of Administration

18 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Housing Figure 8 displays the 2015 population pyramid for Algoma. The population pyramid shows the distribution of various age groups. When a population pyramid resembles an actual pyramid, it indicates the population is growing. However, Algoma’s population is slowly declining, as indicated by the stationary population pyramid with equal percentages across age cohorts. This type of pyramid is characteristic of low birth rates and overall quality of life.

Figure 8: 2015 Population Pyramid in Algoma

85 years and over 80 to 84 years 75 to 79 years 70 to 74 years 65 to 69 years 60 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 50 to 54 years 45 to 49 years

Age 40 to 44 years Male 35 to 39 years Female 30 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years Under 5 years

10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Population (%)

Source: American Community Survey, 2015, WI Department of Administration

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Housing 19

Households

The total number of housing units within Algoma gradually increased from 1990 to 2010 (Table 2). However, the Wisconsin Department of Administration (DOA) housing projections indicate the 2020, 2030, and 2040 housing units will decrease back to 1990 numbers. By comparison, the City of Kewaunee shows a gradual increase of housing units until 2030 and then a decrease in 2040. Overall, Kewaunee County’s housing units will continue to increase by 2040.

The DOA estimates that the household size in Kewaunee County and Algoma is projected to decrease by the year 2040. Table 3 indicates Algoma will decrease from 2.3 to 2.03 by 2040.

Table 2: Housing Unit Trends and Projections Year Percent Change Municipality 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 1990-2010 2010-2040 City of Algoma 1,417 1,632 1,702 1,438 1,480 1,410 20.1% -17.2% City of Kewaunee 1,024 1,237 1,278 1,326 1,412 1,391 24.8% 8.8% Village of Denmark 1,612 2,023 2,123 2,275 2,490 2,565 31.7% 20.8% City of Oconto Falls 2,592 2,833 2,891 3,050 3,305 3,250 11.5% 12.4% Kewaunee County 7,544 8,221 8,239 8,673 9,302 9,260 9.2% 12.4% Source: US Census, 1990 to 2010 and WI Department of Administration

Table 3: Household Size Trends and Projections Municipality 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 City of Algoma 2.20 2.21 2.14 2.07 2.03 City of Kewaunee 2.34 2.24 2.17 2.10 2.06 Village of Denmark 2.42 2.30 2.22 2.17 2.12 City of Oconto Falls 2.35 2.24 2.15 2.09 2.03 Kewaunee County 2.60 2.24 2.17 2.10 2.06 Source: US Census 2000 to 2010 and WI Department of Administration

20 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Housing Housing Conditions Age of Housing Stock

In 2015, the majority of housing types in According to the 2015 American Algoma (72%) were single-unit, detached Community Survey (ACS), most of Algoma’s structures. The second largest housing type and the City of Kewaunee’s housing units found in the city was multi-family housing of were built either before 1939 or between 20 or more units. Since 2000, the number of 1940 and 1959. Table 5 represents the 20+ unit structures has increased from 62 to percentage of housing units built by 95 in total. In 2003, the second largest decade. The Village of Denmark is the only housing types were two-unit structures municipality that had homes built since 2010 (11.7%), now this segment represents only 5% according to the American Community of all structures. Table 4 illustrates the Survey. Assessment information was not breakdown of 2015 housing found within collected for each of the community’s to Algoma. verify number of homes built.

Table 4: Units in Structure City of Algoma City of Kewaunee Village of Denmark City of Oconto Falls Units in Structure No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage 1-unit, detached 1,196 71.9% 1,188 72.9% 690 71.9% 943 65.6% 1-unit, attached 46 2.8% 0 0.0% 15 1.6% 21 1.5% 2 units 84 5.1% 53 3.3% 76 7.9% 99 6.9% 3 or 4 units 85 5.1% 84 5.2% 19 2.0% 21 1.5% 5 to 9 units 22 1.3% 167 10.2% 48 5.0% 200 13.9% 10 to 19 units 64 3.8% 102 6.3% 69 7.2% 33 2.3% 20 or more units 95 5.7% 36 2.2% 22 2.3% 9 0.6% Mobile home 71 4.3% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 78 5.4% Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 20 2.1% 33 2.3% Total 1,663 100% 1,630 100% 959 100% 1,437 100% Source: American Community Survey, 2015

Table 5: Year Houses Built City of Algoma City of Kewaunee Village of Denmark City of Oconto Falls Period No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage Built 2014 or later 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Built 2010 to 2013 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 22 2.3% 0 0.0% Built 2000 to 2009 129 7.8% 165 10.1% 148 15.4% 174 12.1% Built 1990 to 1999 201 12.1% 202 12.4% 73 7.6% 210 14.6% Built 1980 to 1989 138 8.3% 106 6.5% 81 8.4% 155 10.8% Built 1970 to 1979 119 7.2% 168 10.3% 131 13.7% 205 14.3% Built 1960 to 1969 164 9.9% 150 9.2% 97 10.1% 94 6.5% Built 1950 to 1959 261 15.7% 142 8.7% 67 7.0% 103 7.2% Built 1940 to 1949 195 11.7% 107 6.6% 39 4.1% 94 6.5% Built 1939 or earlier 456 27.4% 590 36.2% 301 31.4% 402 28.0% Total 1,663 100% 1630 100% 959 100% 1,437 100% Source: American Community Survey, 2015

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Housing 21 Housing Value and Affordability The ability of local households to afford existing housing stock influences the According to the 2015 American ACS, the decision to rent or purchase. Table 7 shows $50,000 to $99,999 category represented the that nearly one-quarter of households with largest category of housing values in mortgages are burdened by their housing Algoma (Table 6). The median value of costs. Roughly the same proportion of owner-occupied housing units in Algoma renters is similarly burdened (Table 8). was $97,400. Housing affordability is the amount that a household can comfortably afford to spend on housing. Financial planners throughout the country advise households not to spend more than 30% of their income on housing-related expenses. Households spending more than 30% of their income on housing are classified as “burdened.” Household income is a critical factor affecting housing demand.

Table 6: Owner-Occupied Units Housing Value Algoma City of Kewaunee Village of Denmark Oconto Falls City Owner-Occupied Units No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage Less than $50,000 90 9.7% 95 8.9% 15 2.4% 57 7.2% $50,000 to $99,999 392 42.3% 433 40.6% 132 21.2% 308 38.7% $100,000 to $149,999 253 27.3% 249 23.4% 243 38.9% 171 21.5% $150,000 to $199,999 119 12.9% 76 7.1% 118 18.9% 158 19.9% $200,000 to $299,999 40 4.3% 182 17.1% 102 16.3% 61 7.7% $300,000 to $499,999 32 3.5% 8 0.8% 10 1.6% 20 2.5% $500,000 to $999,999 0 0.0% 13 1.2% 4 0.6% 20 2.5% $1,000,000 or more 0 0.0% 10 0.9% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Total 926 100% 1,066 100% 624 100% 795 100% Median (dollars) $97,400.0 $100,600.0 $133,900.0 $106,400.0 Source: American Community Survey, 2015

Table 7: Housing Costs Housing Units with a Algoma City of Kewaunee Village of Denmark Oconto Falls City Mortgage No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage Less than 20.0 percent 218 41.5% 256 38.5% 208 48.3% 185 40.6% 20.0 to 24.9 percent 72 13.7% 186 28.0% 61 14.2% 69 15.1% 25.0 to 29.9 percent 93 17.7% 71 10.7% 55 12.8% 61 13.4% 30.0 to 34.9 percent 35 6.7% 10 1.5% 20 4.6% 55 12.1% 35.0 percent or more 107 20.4% 142 21.4% 87 20.2% 86 18.9% Total 525 100% 665 100% 431 100% 456 100% Source: American Community Survey, 2015

Table 8: Renter Housing Costs Algoma City of Kewaunee Village of Denmark Oconto Falls City Occupied Units Paying Rent No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage Less than 15.0 percent 104 26.2% 39 13.4% 12 4.7% 57 13.0% 15.0 to 19.9 percent 26 6.5% 58 20.0% 34 13.3% 118 27.0% 20.0 to 24.9 percent 134 33.8% 36 12.4% 48 18.8% 54 12.4% 25.0 to 29.9 percent 21 5.3% 83 28.6% 41 16.0% 86 19.7% 30.0 to 34.9 percent 7 1.8% 0 0.0% 24 9.4% 23 5.3% 35.0 percent or more 105 26.4% 74 25.5% 97 37.9% 99 22.7% Total 397 100% 290 100% 256 100% 437 100% Source: American Community Survey, 2015

22 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Housing Occupancy and Tenure

The Algoma had 1,384 occupied housing units (83.2%) and 279 vacant housing units Common Reasons a Housing Unit is (16.8%) in 2015 (Table 9). Algoma has the Labeled “Other” Vacant highest percentage of vacant units of the 1) No one lives in the unit and the owner four communities. Of the 1,384 occupied units, 926 were owner-occupied while 458 does not want to sell. were renter-occupied. The City of 2) No one lives in the unit and the owner is Kewaunee has a higher percentage (76.7%) using the unit for storage. of owner-occupied units than Algoma. Over 3) The owner is elderly and living in a half of the Algoma vacant units are for nursing home or with family members. seasonal, recreational or occasional use (Table 10). Approximately half of Kewaunee’s vacant units are for rent (49.4%). The Village of Denmark has a higher percentage (92.7%) of occupied housing units than the other communities with a lower percentage of vacant units. Additional Reasons for Denmark’s highest percentages of vacant “Other” Vacant Classification units are for rent. In Oconto Falls has 88.20% 1) The unit is being repair or renovated. of occupied housing with 11.8% of vacant 2) The unit is being foreclosed. units. Almost 90% of the City of Oconto Falls 3) The unit is being held for statement of an vacant units are identified as other. estate.

Table 9: Housing Occupancy City of Algoma City of Kewaunee Village of Denmark City of Oconto Falls Housing Occupancy No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage Occupied housing units 1,384 83.2% 1,389 85.2% 889 92.7% 1,267 88.2% Owner occupied 926 66.9% 1,066 76.7% 624 70.2% 795 62.7% Renter occupied 458 33.1% 323 23.3% 265 29.8% 472 37.3% Vacant housing units 279 16.8% 241 14.8% 70 7.3% 170 11.8% Total 1,663 100% 1,630 100.0% 959 100.0% 1,437 100.0% Homeowner vacancy rate - 6.8% - 4.3% - 2.0% - 0.0% Source: American Community Survey, 2015

Table 10: Vacancy Status City of Algoma City of Kewaunee Village of Denmark City of Oconto Falls Vacancy Status No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage For rent 38 13.6% 119 49.4% 29 41.4% 20 11.8% Rented, not occupied 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% For sale only 68 24.4% 37 15.4% 13 18.6% 0 0.0% Sold, not occupied 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 147 52.7% 47 19.5% 0.0% 0 0.0% For migrant workers 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Other 26 9.3% 38 15.8% 28 40.0% 150 88.2%

Total 279 100% 241 100% 70 100% 170 100% Source: American Community Survey, 2015

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Housing 23

Fair Market Rents Subsidized and Special Needs Housing

The Fair Market Rents is a concept used by A variety of agencies exist, within Algoma the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and Kewaunee County area that help find to determine how much rent is covered by and develop housing for persons with the government for those tenants who are various physical and mental disabilities or part of Section 8, as well as other other special needs. Those agencies include governmental institutions. HUD publishes Fair The Algoma Housing Authority along with Market Rents and Income Limits for how the Human Services Department of much program administrators will subsidize Kewaunee County, which works with the housing units, and the maximum incomes following agencies: WHEDA, Lakeshore CAP that tenants may not exceed in order to and Housing Management Services. qualify for subsidized housing on an annual basis. The following is a listing of the subsidized and special needs housing that currently exists or Fair Market Rent is defined as the dollar was recently utilized within the Algoma: amount below which 40% of the standard quality rental housing units are rented. They • Assisted Living Facilities are available in the are calculated on an annual basis using a Algoma for the Advanced Aged, those with combination of US Census and American Alzheimer's/ Irreversible Dementia, and the Community Survey data such as local Developmentally Disabled. These facilities in economic conditions and housing demand. Algoma are privately owned. Figure 9 shows the current Fair Market Rents and previous seven years. • Algoma Long Term Care - consists of 42 licensed beds. The facility is owned by the City of Algoma.

• Grandview Terrace - HUD subsidized project.

• Oak Creek Assisted Living - HUD subsidized project.

Figure 9: Fair Market Rents by Unit Type $1,200

$1,000

$800

$600

$400

$200

$0 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010

Efficiency 1 BD 2BD 3BD 4BD

Source: American Community Survey, 2015

24 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Housing • Bay Road Place - A CBRF (Community created program is the Rural Economic and Based Residential Facility) project consisting Area Development Initiative (CDBG-READI). of 16 units. A CBRF is where individuals have READI is designed to use CDBG resources to either a separate or shared bedroom, but provide targeted economic development share common living spaces such as the investment in either a single unit of general living room, dining room and kitchen. CBRFs local government or a rural region. All funds are very well-regulated and monitored by must benefit low-to moderate income the State of Wisconsin. individuals. Because economic growth is linked to the availability of skilled workers Within the city, it is expected that assistance and quality workforce housing, READI with home improvement and rent will applications are required to include both continue to be a great need partly due to economic development and housing the aging population, along with the aging projects, and are encouraged to include housing structures within the city. job training projects.

Funding Opportunities http://doa.wi.gov/Divisions/Housing/Bureau-of-Community- Development/READI-Program/ USDA – Rural Development Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development USDA’s Rural Housing Service offers a variety Authority (WHEDA) of programs to build or improve housing and essential community facilities in rural areas. WHEDA is a quasi-governmental agency They offer loans, grants and loan that finances housing development through guarantees for single- and multi-family the sale of bonds. It receives no direct state- housing, child care centers, fire and police tax support. It provides mortgage financing stations, hospitals, libraries, nursing homes, for first-time home buyers and financing for schools, first responder vehicles and multifamily housing as well. Specific equipment, housing for farm laborers and programs evolve and change with the much more. needs of the housing market.

They provide technical assistance loans and WHEDA also manages several federal grants in partnership with non-profit housing programs. One program, the Low organizations, Indian tribes, state and Income Housing Tax Credit Program, federal government agencies, and local encourages housing development by communities. providing private investors with income tax credits when they invest in low income https://www.rd.usda.gov/about-rd/agencies/rural-housing- housing development. Tax credits are service allocated to housing projects on a competitive basis. Department of Administration - Division of Energy, Housing & Community Resources Lakeshore Community Action Program (CAP)

The Division of Housing develops housing Lakeshore CAP promotes self-sufficiency policy and offers a broad range of program and well-being with individuals and families assistance and funds to address through results-based programs, services homelessness and support affordable and partnerships delivered by an housing, public infrastructure, and understanding staff with resources to economic development opportunities. The provide appropriate solutions. Lakeshore Division partners with local governments CAP provides Homebuyer education, down and service providers, non-profit agencies, payment assistance, and rental housing for housing authorities, and developers. qualified special needs and elderly individuals in a rural community. This division offers the Community Development Block Grants. A newly http://www.lakeshorecap.org/

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Housing 25

Goal, Objectives, Objective Expand the availability of quality affordable Actions housing for the elderly, mobile homes, and multi-family rental units. Goal Actions Provide a variety of high-quality housing opportunities for all segments of Algoma’s 1. Create multi-family housing strategy that current and future population to meet the identifies sites and promotes sites to needs of all residents regardless of age, developers for new, infill or rehabilitation. income, ethnicity or ability. 2. Consider senior housing that may be Objective maintenance-free to the occupant(s).

Ensure affordable housing is available to first 3. Allow assisted living and continuum of time homebuyers and to renters care facilities to locate in residential and mixed-use commercial/residential zones Actions in the City.

1. Continue to apply for grants and public 4. Pass city council ordinances to ensure programs to help individual residents new mixed use and multi-family housing and community housing needs. developments include units for low- income renters and the elderly in their 2. Continue to work with federal, state, housing stock. and county agencies to assist city residents in achieving home loans. 5. Ensure that Algoma’s s zoning ordinance allows for, and/or encourages, a range of intensities and lot sizes.

6. Consider innovative zoning and development techniques (e.g. conservation by design, zero lot line, cluster type developments, etc.) as an alternative to conventional zoning methods in order to provide for both open space preservation and for increased variety in housing choices.

7. Consider and support adaptive reuse by turning old warehouses or large vacant buildings into live-work uses.

8. Prepare a housing market analysis every 5 years to monitor the state of the housing market and take steps to ensure the housing stock is in balance with market demand for type, quantity, and quality of housing.

9. Secure permanent funding for a home rehab program using CDBG, USDA, TIF

26 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Housing Objective Objective

Encourage new housing development in Encourage the maintenance, preservation areas where it is needed and can be done and rehabilitation of the existing housing in an environmentally conscious and cost stock in the city. effective way. Actions Actions 1. Create a home rehabilitation program 1. Direct new development to appropriate that allows for grant and/or loan dollars locations to minimize the visual impact to owner-occupied units to be on the viewsheds from public right-of- rehabilitated in certain geographic ways. areas of the city.

2. Encourage the infilling of existing vacant 2. Create a housing code enforcement residential property. program.

3. Situate higher density residential 3. Regularly assess private holdings in the development in areas that minimize city to enforce statutory and ordinance impacts upon low density residential provisions governing blight and use of development. vacant or underutilized parcels.

4. Continue to expand residential 4. Educate and assist residents with development in a contiguous manner. application processes for low-income grants, and energy and home 5. Utilize the zoning ordinance to protect improvement tax credits. residential uses from incompatible nonresidential uses. 5. Continue to construct new homes according to building codes and 6. Develop areas as identified in the Future ordinances. Land Use Map for future mix of residential development to help in establishing a housing stock that meets the differing needs of the community.

7. Consider and support adaptive reuse by turning old warehouses or large vacant buildings into live-work uses.

8. Direct high-density housing near amenities such as parks and trails.

9. Identify blighted property and sites in the downtown west of 5th Street in proximity to parks, groceries, schools and other services to create new quality multi- family housing.

10. The City should promote the assembly of parcels, either publicly or privately to achieve an appropriate scale of development to be economic. 11.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Housing 27 Page intentionally blank for duplex printing

28 AGRICULTURAL, NATURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES

major determinant of its productive ExecutiveAgricultural, Summary Natural, Textand Cultural capacity and ability to grow particular Resources crops. The following paragraphs summarize the five major soil types present in Algoma. Map 4 also provides a useful illustration of Located on the Lake Michigan shoreline in soil suitability for dwellings with subterranean northeastern Kewaunee County, Algoma levels. borders the Towns of Ahnapee and Pierce, and is located 12 miles north of the City of Hortonville-Symco Kewaunee, 15 miles south of the City of Sturgeon Bay, and 30 miles east of the City This group of soils ranges from moderately of Green Bay. Figure 8 shows the location of well-drained to somewhat poorly-drained, Algoma relative to the State of Wisconsin, with a silt loam surface that overlays a clay and Figure 9 focuses on Algoma itself. loam or loam till base. They occur on slopes ranging from nearly-level to very steep, and The agricultural, natural, and cultural are commonly found throughout Kewaunee resource endowment of Algoma is one of County. several factors that determine its development potential and capacity to Onaway-Solona-Hortonville provide a pleasant living experience. Elements of the agriculture component in This group of soils is found on slopes ranging this chapter include an inventory of the from nearly level to very steep grades. They existing farms in Kewaunee County, soils, also range from well-drained to poorly and septic systems. The natural resources drained and have moderately fine textured element focuses on metallic and non- subsoil supported by a moderately coarse metallic mineral deposits, surface water, glacial till. groundwater, wetlands and floodplains, Casco-Boyer stream corridors, forests and woodlands. These soils are found on slopes ranging from Agriculture nearly level to very steep grades. They drain The 2012 USDA Census of Agriculture water very efficiently and are composed of reported 734 farms in Kewaunee County, a medium to coarse textured subsoil down from 893 in 2007. The average size of supported by coarse textured sediment. farms in Algoma was 241 acres. Algoma is Carbondale-Cathro-Markey composed of 1,580 acres of land and 26 acres of water. Currently, 15% of Algoma’s This group of organic soils is found at nearly land use is dedicated to agriculture. Oilseed level grades and drains water very poorly. and grain were the most numerous type of Soils are supported by organic layers farm in the County with approximately 29% underneath or by loamy and sandy of the farms in the county producing these sediment. commodities. Map 3 displays the prime farmland areas based on soils. Prime Wainola-Oakville farmland is considered prime if all the soil properties are favorable for row crop This group of soils is found at nearly level to production. Non-prime soils can be sloping grades and consists of well-drained productive with proper management soils with coarse subsoils supported by controls. underlying coarse sediment bases.

Understanding the properties of soil types Septic Systems present in Algoma and Kewaunee County is vitally important for planning Algoma’s The Soil Survey of Kewaunee County also agricultural system. An area’s soil type is a provides information on the limitations of each soil for septic tank absorption fields.

30 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural Resources

Septic tank absorption fields are Metallic/Non-Metallic subsurface systems of tile or perforated pipe that disperse effluent from a septic Mineral mining has occurred in Wisconsin tank into the natural soil. Soils that have since its time as a territory. Its nickname as slight limitations for absorption fields the “Badger State” is derived from early generally are well-drained and have nickel miners who would dig holes in the sufficient depth before encountering hillside to sleep, similar to the burrowing bedrock or groundwater. Soils with behavior of badgers. Metals mined in the moderate and severe limitations generally state include copper, lead, iron, and zinc. have insufficient depths to bedrock or Mining can be quite lucrative, but also groundwater, percolate slowly, and are carries the risk of environmental subject to flooding. Without consideration degradation. New mines must be approved of the properties of these soils, on-site by the DNR and are subject to the wastewater treatment systems may fail requirements of NR 135, which includes a and collection systems may require reclamation plan. This plan is a detailed expensive and frequent maintenance. technical document designed to meet the goals which lead to successful reclamation New technologies for private wastewater and will reduce negative impacts on the treatment systems are allowed under the environment once the mine is abandoned. revised COMM 83 health and safety code. The code will allow the use of soil absorption systems on sites with at least six inches of suitable native soil. The revised code also gives property owners the opportunity and flexibility to meet environmental performance standards with several treatment technologies. Map 3: Prime Farmland Soils It allows for better planning and land use because it assures that every residentially- zoned lot can be used for the purpose intended by the local zoning board. The code will allow for infill development where it was not permitted previously due to lack of access to an improved septic system. Housing and population density may increase due to the revised COMM 83 code. This in turn may increase the need for land use planning and integration of environmental corridors to address the adverse impacts related to development in the planning area.

Natural Resources

Stewardship of Algoma’s natural resources is vital to sustaining its economy, the local ecosystem, and the community’s quality of life. The following pages contain information on local mineral deposits, surface and ground water sources, wetlands and the floodplain, forests and woodlands, environmentally sensitive areas, threatened and endangered species, topography,

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural Resources 31

The plan has minimum standards that must Surface Water be met in order to be accepted. The DNR defines successful reclamation as “the The following paragraphs provide details on restoration of all areas disturbed by mining the surface water deposits found in the activities including aspects of the mine itself, planning area. For the purpose of this plan, waste disposal areas, buildings, roads and a lake is defined as a body of freshwater fed utility corridors.” Restoration is defined as, by flowing tributaries that collects in an “returning the site to a condition that inland basin. There is no standard size minimizes erosion and sedimentation, definition governing lakes, but they are supports productive and diverse plants and typically thought of as larger than ponds or animal communities and allows for desirable mill ponds. post-mining land use.” Lake Michigan There are currently no metallic mines within the planning area. However, several non- This second-largest of the North American metallic mining sites do exist within portions Great Lakes forms the entire eastern of the planning area. Care needs to be boundary of the Algoma. The lake reaches continued to ensure that these operations 922 feet at its deepest point, with significant do not negatively impact the neighboring variation in depth found just offshore. properties as well as the community as a Shallows are found just north of Algoma whole. harbor. The lake provides excellent sport fishing for species including salmon, whitefish, lake trout, walleye, and smelt among others. Public access to the lake is available from park lands and launching sites in Algoma.

Map 4: Soil Limitations for Dwellings with Basements

32 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural Resources

Krohn’s Lake Map 5 visually illustrates the named streams and creeks in the planning area. The Krohn’s Lake is a small, moderately deep Ahnapee River is the largest body of flowing lake located in the town of Pierce. The lake water in the planning area. Downtown covers 21 acres of surface area and Algoma lies at the mouth of the Ahnapee reaches a maximum depth of 38 feet. The River, where it drains into Lake Michigan. lake shore is entirely wooded and has steep Silver Creek is a major tributary of the slopes. The lake has a one acre county Ahnapee River. Three Mile Creek is a small access site which provides parking for those stream which drains from Krohn’s Lake to that recreate at the lake. Fish species found Lake Michigan. Access to these water in the lake include largemouth bass, panfish features is possible by various road ends and trout. and crossings.

Stream Corridors

An inventory of the bodies of flowing water located in the Algoma planning area is contained in the following paragraphs. Streams and creeks are defined as water bodies which have a permanent flow or any streams of intermittent (seasonal) flow which have significance for recreational purposes.

Map 5: Water Resources

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural Resources 33

Groundwater Wetlands and Floodplain

In Wisconsin, the primary sources for According to the Wisconsin Department of groundwater contamination are agricultural Natural Resources, wetlands are areas activities, municipal landfills, leaky where the water table is at, near, or above underground storage tanks, abandoned the land surface long enough to be hazardous waste sites, and spills. Septic capable of supporting aquatic or tanks and land application of wastewater hydrophilic vegetation. Other common are also sources for possible contamination. names for wetlands are swamps, bogs, or The most common groundwater marshes. Wetlands serve as a valuable contaminant is nitrate-nitrogen, which natural resource by providing ecological comes from fertilizers, animal waste storage services such as pollution filtration that helps sites and feedlots, municipal and industrial to clean lakes and streams, and make wastewater and sludge disposal, refuse human drinking water safer. These areas disposal areas, and leaking septic systems. provide discharge areas for floodwater and serve as buffers against destruction from The planning area’s groundwater source is major storm surges. Finally, they provide part of a large aquifer system called the valuable and irreplaceable habitat for Cambrian- Ordovician aquifer system. It is many plants and animals. Because of their the second largest source of groundwater importance, strict state and federal for public supply, agricultural, and regulations protect these delicate areas industrial use in the northern segment and govern allowable development. which consists of the four states of Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, and Iowa. Algoma contains almost 1,500 acres of This aquifer is a complex multi-aquifer wetlands, mainly adjacent to Algoma’s system with several aquifers separated by surface water deposits. Map 5 shows the leaky confining units. The Maquoketa geographic locations of these wetlands in confining unit caps the whole system relation to Algoma’s municipal boundaries. where it is overlain by younger bedrock.

More specifically, the wells in Algoma draw water from the Niagara Dolomite formation. The formation consists of various types of dolomite, shale, sandstone, etc. The drinking water in this formation is found at approximately 150 to 160 feet. According to the WDNR, there is karst geology present near several wells with the lack of continuous confining clay layers in the glacial till deposits. The localized thin lenses of clay deposits provide only a limited amount of protection from the downward movement of contaminants toward the ground water. Therefore the groundwater is moderately susceptible to contamination.

34 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural Resources Forest and Woodlands These areas can also provide outdoor recreational opportunities for the public and There are a total of 2,715 acres of boundaries between different land uses. woodlands within Algoma (129 acres) and Besides serving as vital green infrastructure, its planning area. Woodlands are these areas also improve communities by displayed on Map 6 and depict upland adding aesthetically pleasing natural woodlands (lands not within wetlands) and spaces. lowland woodlands (lands within wetlands). Upland woodlands constitute The Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission approximately 1,643 acres, whereas the completed a hazard mitigation plan in 2014 lowland woodlands comprise of 1,072 that provides planning guidelines for various acres of land in the planning area. types of natural hazards and states their frequency of occurrence. Most of the Environmentally Sensitive Areas environmentally sensitive areas in Algoma lie along either the Lake Michigan shoreline, Areas are designated as environmentally Ahnapee River, or Silver Creek, though other sensitive if their presence is key for the major environmental corridors can be found protection of wildlife or mitigation of natural in the southwestern corner of Algoma near hazards. Environmental corridors provide Evergreen Road. The Commission multiple services, such as capturing and specifically designates the following types of retaining floodwaters, filtering sediment and primary environmental corridors: waterways nutrient deposits, and serving as vital wildlife with 75-foot setbacks, floodplains, wetlands habitat. Environmental corridors are vital with 50-foot buffers, and steep slopes. Figure elements of resilient communities. 14 shows the area’s environmental corridors in relation to the municipal boundary.

Map 6: Environmental Corridors

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural Resources 35

Threatened and Endangered Species along the shore of Lake Michigan. Algoma’s topography is largely a result of activity The United States Fish and Wildlife Service during the Wisconsin glacial episode, which maintain an updated inventory of flattened and carved the land and formed threatened and endangered species for the area’s lakes and wetlands. Slopes Kewaunee County on its website. The greater than twelve percent—steep slopes, agency lists the Northern Long-Eared Bat as are primarily found along the Lake Michigan threatened and the Hine’s Emerald shoreline and stream corridors in the western Dragonfly as endangered. and south-central portions of Algoma. Steep slopes are particularly vulnerable to soil Topography erosion, so development in these areas may require the employment of special grading Algoma sits atop the Niagara Escarpment, a techniques during construction. Map 7 massive limestone rock layer that forms a rim visually depicts the area’s steep slopes in through the upper Great Lakes region. relation to the municipal boundary and the Elevations throughout Algoma range from a planning area. More information on area high of 720 feet above sea level on the topography and guidelines for western edge of the planning area to development can be found on the Bay- approximately 580 feet above sea level Lake Regional Planning Commission website.

Map 7: Steep Slopes

36 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural Resources Glacial Geology also sits atop deposits of Maquoketa shale rock, a soft blue-gray type of bedrock that is Present-day Algoma is located in an area of highly impermeable. To date, Algoma’s the state that was glaciated numerous bedrock geology has not been a significant times. Algoma lies at the northern terminus impediment to development. In places of a scenic kettle moraine spanning the where bedrock formations could be eastern boundary of the state that was problematic, large stones and surface formed by this activity. Glaciers carved bedrock could increase the costs of away and pushed much of the underlying excavation and building construction. limestone bedrock closer to the surface throughout the area. This activity caused Cultural Resources great fissures and holes to form and makes much of the area particularly vulnerable to French explorers first set foot in present day groundwater contamination. Algoma Kewaunee County in the late seventeenth should continuously monitor its groundwater century. When they arrived, they found the composition to ensure that unsafe level of area inhabited by the Potawatomi Indians pollutants and sediments do not who maintained an important fishing village accumulate and pose a threat to human near the present-day City of Kewaunee. A health and safety. lumber mill was opened in 1837 at the mouth of the Kewaunee River, cementing Bedrock Geology the industry’s place in the regional economy for many successive generations. Map 8 The Niagara Dolomite formation underlies shows the geographic location of the most of Algoma, with the bedrock following three cultural sites in Algoma. composed of sedimentary deposits of limestone. Northwestern Kewaunee County

Map 8: Cultural Sites

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural Resources 37

1. The Von Stiehl Winery (Ahnapee Brewery) located at 115 Navarino Goal, Objectives, Street is Wisconsin’s oldest licensed winery, founded in 1967. The winery’s Actions building was constructed in 1868 as the Goal original home of Ahnapee Lager brewery and has served as a netting To protect the productive agricultural lands warehouse, washing machine factory, in Algoma for long-term farm use and and feed mill storage building. maintain agriculture as a major economic activity and way of life outside the sewer 2. The Art Dettman Fishing Shanty located service area; to conserve, protect, and on Church Street at the Ahnapee River enhance the natural resources and is a Depression-era fishing structure environmentally sensitive areas that exist in built in 1935 which belonged to former Algoma; and to balance responsible growth mayor of Algoma, Art Dettman. with protection of resources in Algoma based on community needs. 3. The Perry House was completed in 1909 for Melvin Perry, an entrepreneur and Objectives industrialist, and his family. Perry established a furniture company, a 1. Encourage individual lot development netting company, and a foundry, on farmland to the edges of farm fields which coincided with the arrival of the to preserve contiguous blocks of railroad and Algoma’s attendant productive farmland. industrial rise. Perry also served as alderman and mayor of Algoma, and 2. Support preservation of productive served in the Wisconsin State Senate. farmland and agricultural practices that The Perry House is a prime example of protect natural resources from runoff Colonial Revival and Shingle Style and chemical contamination. architecture. 3. Preserve and protect natural areas, Historical research of developable lands including wetlands, wildlife habitats, should precede cautious excavations open spaces, slopes, surface and within the Algoma’s planning area, due to groundwater resources, environmental the possibility of disturbing a historical or amenities, and agricultural lands which archaeological site. The State of Wisconsin contribute to the maintenance of the requires any findings of human bones to ecological balance, natural beauty, be reported (Wisconsin Statute 157.70) so and economic well-being of Algoma. the State Historical Society may conduct an investigation and preserve historically 4. Preserve, improve and expand the important artifacts. Land developers Algoma Park system. seeking state permits from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, or any 5. Promote practices that protect the development involving federal funding, environment and natural resources. must comply with Section 106 of the Actions National Historic Preservation Act and 36 CFR Part 800: Protection of Historic 1. Require conservation easements for Properties. Other historically significant wetlands, streams, major woodlands or structures and locations include: hotels, other environmentally sensitive areas on banks, churches, schools, cemeteries, all land divisions. historic homes, and a shipwreck among others. A complete list can be found on 2. Acquire wetland parcels or the Wisconsin Historical Society’s website. development rights of critical habitat when feasible.

38 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural Resources

3. Algoma should not support the creation 14. Establish a stormwater management of any new landfill or quarry/gravel pit ordinance to protect water quality and operations within its boundaries. minimize flooding.

4. Protect floodplains and other areas 15. Support budding artist community and having severe soil restrictions from incorporate into marketing/branding development through local ordinances. initiatives.

5. Encourage farmers and agricultural 16. Promote the Ahnapee Trail as a landowners to continue participation in community asset and for recreational state and federal agency programs that tourism. provide benefits for keeping land in agricultural production. 17. Create and install signage/wayfinding for Ahnapee Trailhead. 6. Encourage the preservation of farmlands, woodlands and wetlands by 18. Continue collaboration with WISDNR continually enhancing our knowledge of and EPA to ensure Crescent Beach federal, state, county and city rules and remains a viable recreational beach. regulations. 19. Continue monitoring of the Ahnapee 7. Encourage residents to purchase native, River to remain a navigable water way non-invasive plant species for for recreational and economic landscaping and proper tree planting development purposes. and maintenance.

8. Continue efforts in planting and maintenance of the community’s trees which earned it the Tree City USA label.

9. Maintain and enhance the attractiveness of parks, natural areas, public open spaces, and streetscapes.

10. Maintain the health, integrity, and function of area wetlands and preserve wetlands as public conservancy areas.

11. Maintain naturally-occurring floodwater storage areas and flood discharge mechanisms by preventing filling and construction in regional floodplains.

12. Educate residents on conservation practices and include private and public agencies to assist the city in preservation techniques.

13. Limit residential development to areas with soils to support foundations and septic systems, or areas located within the sanitary district.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural Resources 39

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40 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT time to work for citizens residing in ExecutiveEconomic Summary Development Text Algoma was nearly 18.5 minutes. 3. In 2015, the majority of employed persons in Algoma were either production, (37%) or they were in Many factors contribute to economic management, professional, and related development opportunities and needs occupations (24%). within a community. For this reason, labor 4. The civilian labor force had an force characteristics and economic base unemployment rate of 4.7% in 2015. indicators were analyzed at the local, 5. The median household income for the county, regional and state level to city of Algoma in 2015 was $41,573. This determine trends, opportunities and needs is up from the 2000 Census median for the Algoma. household income of $21,393. 6. Algoma is in a good position for The lakeshore community of Algoma industrial/business development given its contains several commercial and industrial many positive attributes, including: sites. It is important for both the officials and residents to review the economic factors • An abundance of area for future listed below to quantify what Algoma has as growth, strengths and weaknesses (in economic terms) so that the city can work towards • Availability of utilities (public promoting its identified goals. The City may sewer, water, etc.) wish to devote some resources toward recruiting/promoting certain types of • Access to state and county development deemed most appropriate for highways, its future. • Having a small community Current economic indicators for the city atmosphere. include information spanning 2010-2015. Information from the recent 2015 U.S. Census • Lake Michigan and an along with past Census information is a abundance of natural features. benchmark for the city, in which other source information such as from the Algoma is rather typical of the lakeshore Wisconsin Department of Administration and communities within northeast Wisconsin. It ESRI. The summary and implications section provides adequate services and contains a provides an overview of the information mixture of business and industry. The city also included in this chapter. has a progressive attitude, adequate educational facilities and contains various Summary and Implications historic attributes. However, the uniqueness of Algoma is illustrated by its park-like 1. Federal, state, regional, and county setting, beautiful beach and variety of programs exist to promote economic recreational activities which add to the opportunities within the city and city’s attractiveness. These elements play an surrounding communities. important role in Algoma’s overall 2. Employment opportunities for city development. Within this Plan the City of residents exist within the cities of Green Algoma has identified areas for well- Bay, Sturgeon Bay, Manitowoc, Two planned and defined commercial and Rivers, and Kewaunee. The 2015 Census industrial developments. details that approximately 80% of city workers chose to remain in Kewaunee Knowing where and how much of a type of County for employment. According to business the community wants is going to be the 2015 Census, the average travel the key to the City’s long range planning regarding its vision. Therefore, the City

42 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development Planning Commission, Community Place of Work Development Authority, and the City Council will need to closely monitor The ability to retain valuable human commercial and industrial growth, its resources within a county or a city is an impacts on existing infrastructure and indicator of the overall health of the determine the needed regulations to economy in the county and its respective minimize any negative impacts they may municipalities. In 2015, approximately 80% of have. A cost-benefit analysis should be workers in the city of Algoma who were 16 conducted to determine all aspects of the years and older worked within Kewaunee future development of these types County. The remaining 20% of workers from throughout the planning period. the city commuted to Brown County, primarily the City of Green Bay, City of In the future, commercial and industrial Kewaunee, and Door County. development will be directed toward designated areas as illustrated in the future Occupation Land Use Plan map, to steer incompatible uses away from the Algoma’s defined In 2016, the majority of employed persons in residential areas. This will help to enhance Algoma were either in production (24 other land uses by minimizing and percent) or they were in services (15 controlling likely nuisances. percent). In addition, there was 14%employment in professional occupations Labor Force Characteristics and 12%in administrative support occupations (Table 11). The labor force is comprised of employed persons and those seeking employment, and excludes persons in the armed forces and those under age 16. Variations in the number of persons in the labor force are the result of many factors. Shifts in the age and sex characteristics of the population, changes in the number of residents aged 16 and over, the proportion of this group (16 and over) working or seeking employment, and seasonal elements are all factors that can affect the size of the labor force.

Table 11: Employed Population 16+ by Occupation Number of Percentage of 2015 Employed Population 16+ by Occupation Employees Employees Management/Business/Financial 127 8.8% Professional 200 13.8% Sales 152 10.5% Administrative Support 170 11.7% Services 215 14.8% Farming/Fishing/Forestry 12 0.8% Construction/Extraction 59 4.1% Installation/Maintenance/Repair 68 4.7% Production 340 23.5% Transportation/Material Moving 107 7.4% Source: ESRI

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development 43 Industry Figure 10 represents the percent employment by major industry group for Table 12 displays the number and percent Algoma in the year 2015, with production of employed persons by industry group in being the largest cohort at 23.5%. Table 13 Algoma for 2015. The greatest percentage on the next page also lists the top employers of employment was in the manufacturing found within Algoma in 2016. industry for the City with 37%. The second greatest percentage of employment for the city of Algoma in 2015 was the services industry, with 29.6%. This industry includes hotels and lodging, educational and libraries, automotive services, health services, and legal services. In addition,

Table 12: Employed Population 16+ by Industry Number of Percentage of 2015 Employed Population 16+ by Industry Employees Employees Agriculture & Mining 19 1.3% Construction 94 6.5% Manufacturing 538 37.1% Wholesale Trade 24 1.7% Retail Trade 218 15.0% Transportation and Utility 54 3.7% Information 11 0.8% Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 36 2.5% Services 429 29.6% Government/Public Administration 27 1.9% Source: ESRI

Figure 10: Percent Employment by Industry 2015

Source: ESRI

44 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development Unemployment Rate The civilian labor force for Kewaunee County has experienced both increases and decreases since the recession of 2008. The unemployment rate and the number of unemployed in 2016 was 4.7%.

Educational Attainment According to the 2015 Census, 44% or 1,008 residents in the City of Algoma have a high school degree, 21% or 468 residents have some college but no degree, 10% or 233 individuals have a bachelor’s degree, and 9% or 213 individuals have an associate’s degree Figure 11.

Table 13: Top Employers in Algoma Number of Employer Product/Service Employees Algoma School District Education 100-249 WS Packaging Specialized 250-499 Printing Algoma Medical Center Medical 0-99 Precision Machine Manufacturing 0-99 City of Algoma Government 0-99 CTI Manufacturing 100-249 Olson Fabrication Maunfacturing 0-99 Masonite Lumber Products 0-99

Figure 11: Educational Attainment

Graduate/Professional Degree

Bachelor's Degree

Associates Degree

Some College, but No Degree

GED/Alternative Credential

High School Graduate

9th - 12th Grade, No Degree

Less than 9th Grade Source: US Census, 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 2000 and America Community Survey,

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development 45 Employment Forecast Occupations in manufacturing are still The Wisconsin Department of Workforce however expected to move away from the Development created projections for general labor positions of the past to more industries, occupations, and the labor force semi-skilled and skilled operator and for all of Northeast Wisconsin, including technician jobs. This is due primarily to Kewaunee County. According to the production processes that are more efficient Department of Workforce Development, in with newer available technologies and the 2024, the production industry is projected to need to become more competitive in a continue to be the industry with one of the tighter market. Table 14 illustrates the largest share of employment - and it was the occupancy projections for Algoma. most affected by the national recession. Although production jobs were anticipated to continue to increase overall, the rate has declined as businesses become more “streamlined and automated” in the efforts to produce more goods while lowering unit production costs.

Table 14: Occupation Projections Projected Employment SOC Code SOC Title Employment Employment Percent 2014 2024 000000 Total, All Occupations 3,254,892 3,450,901 196,009 6.02 110000 Management Occupations 225,403 241,546 16,143 7.16 111000 Top Executives 42,254 44,956 2,702 6.39 130000 Business and Financial Operations Occupations 151,489 164,743 13,254 8.75 150000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations 73,350 84,885 11,535 15.73 170000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations 52,447 55,205 2,758 5.26 190000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 24,564 27,271 2,707 11.02 210000 Community and Social Service Occupations 43,644 47,524 3,880 8.89 230000 Legal Occupations 16,269 16,638 369 2.27 250000 Education, Training, and Library Occupations 260,464 269,312 8,848 3.40 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media 270000 Occupations 53,720 56,010 2,290 4.26

290000 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 165,873 178,959 13,086 7.89 310000 Healthcare Support Occupations 75,169 83,966 8,797 11.70 330000 Protective Service Occupations 56,787 58,181 1,394 2.45

350000 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 240,041 261,644 21,603 9.00 370000 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occ 105,795 115,184 9,389 8.87 390000 Personal Care and Service Occupations 159,582 185,542 25,960 16.27 410000 Sales and Related Occupations 282,933 295,578 12,645 4.47 430000 Office and Administrative Support Occupations 443,217 447,646 4,429 1.00 450000 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations 64,324 64,588 264 0.41 470000 Construction and Extraction Occupations 108,693 118,701 10,008 9.21 490000 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations 112,889 120,924 8,035 7.12 510000 Production Occupations 318,606 322,223 3,617 1.14 530000 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 219,633 234,631 14,998 6.83 Source: ESRI

46 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development Service industry employers are still There are nine basic economic divisions that anticipated to add over 21,000 new jobs to are used for Economic Base Analysis. There the state’s labor market. The largest divisions are four goods-producing sectors: within this industry group will be business and agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and health services with a similar growth in mining; construction; and manufacturing. professional or technical jobs. With the There are five services-producing sectors: aging of the population, the demand for transportation and warehousing, and such services will continue to increase. The utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; overall health of the Wisconsin economy is finance, insurance, real estate, and rental projected to remain healthy with some and leasing; and services. anticipated fluctuations within the occupation and industry sectors. City of Algoma Employers

Median Household Income The median household income for the city of Algoma in 2015 was $ $41,573. In 2000, the median income increased to $21,393. The 2015 median income for Algoma was highest in Kewaunee County than all areas compared. This is primarily due to a growing economy in the production industry.

Economic Base

Employment by Economic Division The future of Algoma resident employment requires an understanding of the local and county economy. The Economic Base Analysis technique divides the economy into basic and non-basic sectors. The basic sector is made up of local businesses that are dependent on external factors. Manufacturing and local resource-oriented firms (like logging or mining) are usually basic sector firms because their fortunes depend largely upon non-local factors, and they usually export their goods. The non- basic sector, in contrast, is composed of those firms that depend largely upon local business conditions. Economic Base Theory asserts that the means of strengthening and growing the local economy is to develop and enhance the basic sector.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development 47 Location Quotient Threshold Analysis The Location Quotient Analysis technique compares the local economy and Export Base (“Basic Employment”) Kewaunee County, to the United States. This There are two areas within the 2016 allows for identifying specialization in the Kewaunee County economy, which can be Kewaunee County economy (Table 15). If considered “basic employment areas”: the location quotient (LQ) is less than 1.0, all goods producing and service producing. employment is considered non-basic, The goods producing area produce more therefore that industry is not meeting local goods and services than the local economy demand for a given good or service. An LQ can use. When LQs increase over time, this equal to 1.0 suggests that the local suggests that the county’s economy is employment is exactly sufficient to meet the getting closer to reaching and exceeding local demand for a given good or service, local demands. For example, the employment is still considered non-basic. An transportation industry has gone from 0.99 in LQ greater than 1.0 suggests that local 2012, to 1.8 in 2016 an increase of 0.80. employment produces more goods and Having basic employment also suggests that services than the local economy can use, if a downturn in the local economy occurs, therefore these goods and services are these sectors will not be strongly affected exported to non-local areas, which makes because they are dependent more on non- them basic sector employment. local economies. Having strong basic sector employment and industry will strengthen the local economy.

Table 15: Kewaunee County Location Quotient (2016) Total Total Average September Quarterly Quarterly July August September Industry Quarterly Weekly Employment wages Establishments Employment Employment Employment Wages Wage Location Quotient Location Quotient Total, all industries 478 6,038 6,034 5,932 $57,407,663 $736 0.98 1.01 Service providing 325 2,625 2,634 2,577 $20,960,269 $717 ,51 0.46 Goods producing 153 3413 3400 3355 $36,447,394 $827 3,16 3.13 Natural Resources and Mining 48 1098 1092 1091 $9,790,221 $689 11.09 10.55 Construction 64 371 363 355 $4,637,587 $983 0.03 1.27 Manufacturing 41 1,944 1,945 1,909 $22,019,586 $876 3.09 3.11 Trade, transportation, and utilities 107 995 1,002 1,002 $10,701,270 $823 0.74 0.99 Information 6 22 22 21 $56,283 $200 0.15 0.02 Financial activities 36 177 174 175 $2,085,389 $915 0.44 0.37 Professional and business services 49 229 235 224 $2,203,299 $739 0.22 0.18 Education and health services 47 397 407 394 $3,157,611 $608 0.36 0.33 Leisure and hospitality 50 679 670 633 $1,610,154 $187 0.8 0.49 Other services 30 126 124 128 $1,146,263 $700 0.58 0.8

Source: ESRI

48 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development Non-Export Base (“Non-Basic Employment”) Sites for Business and Industrial Development All service producing employment in Kewaunee County could be considered Existing Site Inventory and Analysis non-basic with an LQ of 0.63; with the Algoma’s established commercial lands exception of the trade, transportation, and total 60 acres consisting of retail stores, utilities sector. In addition, there are five professional offices, restaurants, bars, car industries that stand out with lower LQs: dealership, banks, etc. Algoma has a well- financial activities, information, education defined commercial core due to its location and health, professional and business, and along the transportation corridors of STH 42 leisure and hospitality. These industries are and STH 54. Development along these not meeting local demand (county wide) corridors varies in density and is well defined. for given goods or services. Several of the structures along these corridors, especially in the downtown area, For example, the leisure and hospitality are showing signs of aging. Also, a few of industry’s LQ actually decreased since 2012 the downtown structures are vacant and and the professional and business industry are deteriorating. Efforts should be made to only grew by .02. However, it is reasonable upgrade several of the structures and to believe that the Kewaunee County revitalize the downtown area in order to economy could support more of this industry make it thrive economically. The City should type. also address improving upon the Overall, the Kewaunee County economic architectural characteristics of the situation is quite diversified providing a downtown areas making the commercial number of different opportunities for city centers more recognizable. residents. Some of these opportunities (though decreasing) are being replaced by Algoma also has well defined industrial others. The most notable declining sector in areas that total approximately 110 acres of Kewaunee County is the agricultural land, consisting primarily of businesses which economy which is continuing to transition to are associated with the manufacturing and other sectors, which will likely have some wholesaling of products (i.e. WS Packaging, impact on the city of Algoma. the Algoma Hardwoods site, CTI, Algoma Lumber, etc.). The City owns approximately 40 acres of land available for industrial City of Algoma Employer development and contains the appropriate infrastructure available to accommodate future industries. The City should continue to review industrial uses on a case by case basis, ensuring that Algoma as a whole will not be negatively affected by the future use.

The City should work with existing property owners in the Business Park to create a marketing, sell, or development strategy for the vacant lands. For example; if enough property owners want to sell then the City can market the sites as larger parcels with the ability to divide to attract a large employer who needs in excess of 10 acres. The City should seek to add an overlay design district to the Business Park to ensure architectural design uniformity.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development 49

The City should also create a priority Marketing and Branding building/site development list for properties Many communities make the necessary fiscal that will spur economic development in the and physical improvements to enhance the downtown core and along the Ahnapee quality of life for residents and businesses. River corridor as well. However, lots of communities fail to advertise or convey their positive aspects to the wider world. Economic Development Strategies Creating and marketing a brand is critical for current and long-term community success. The remainder of this chapter focuses on Algoma should include in its overall marketing plan the quality of life attributes that attract strategies to achieve the types of residents and businesses such as: quality schools, commercial, retail, and industrial natural and environmental areas, safety, utility development desired within the community rates, tax incentives, health wellness and and details the economic development recreation, and proximity to Lake Michigan. tools that could aid in Algoma’s success. Establish a Business Incubator in the Business Attraction Downtown Core Attracting businesses from other Algoma has the need for more businesses communities is a common economic providing goods and services to the local development tool used by communities; community, as well as diversified however, the recruitment tools vary employment. One strategy that may depending on the business sector. With the address both of these issues is the market analysis completed for the City, establishment of a business incubator in the target industry segments to recruit are downtown core. A business incubator is an manufacturing, agriculture related services, organization designed to accelerate the retail, wholesale trade, hospitality, growth and success of new businesses healthcare, and finance. These are through an array of business support industries that would traditionally occupy resources and services that could include industrial parks and retail and office physical space, capital, coaching, common locations along a corridor or downtown services, and networking connections. retail cluster. Business incubators are often sponsored by municipal entities and public institutions, Algoma should look to create a business such as colleges and universities. Their goal recruitment and expansion (BRE) program to is to help create and grow young businesses attract and grow businesses. The strategy of by providing them with the necessary the BRE program should focus on industry support and financial and technical segments that fit the market analysis of services. Incubators provide numerous needed businesses for the community. One benefits to owners of startup businesses. strategy is to recruit businesses that are Office and manufacturing space can be looking to expand to additional locations offered at below-market rates; and advice, within a 50-mile radius of Algoma or their expertise, and mentoring in developing existing locations to take advantage of business and marketing plans is usually logistics models. provided in some manner; as well as tools to help fund new businesses. Businesses using Another strategy the City should focus on is incubators will typically spend an average economic gardening. Economic gardening of two years in the incubator, during which is an entrepreneurial approach to time they often share utility, economic development that seeks to grow secretarial/office, and equipment expenses the local economy from within. With with other startup companies, to reduce all economic gardening, local entrepreneurs users' overhead and operational costs. The create the companies that can potentially incubator space concept has been used in deliver new jobs, tax revenues, higher Green Bay and similar communities before incomes, and economic growth for the with some success. An office or services community. business incubator could be located in a

50 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development

downtown building, while a manufacturing amenities. The following is a suggested or agricultural products incubator could be “menu” of leasing options for interested located in a building in the industrial park business people. site. • $100-$250/month for full-time dedicated Establish a Co-Working Center in the space with office amenities and services Downtown Core Creating a co-working space gives some • $50-$150/month for full-time shared independent professionals a space they space can share whenever they need business • services or office/meeting space. The $10/day or $50/month for occasionally business users of a co-working space not shared space access only reduce their costs but also benefit from • $10-$50/hour for meeting rooms the creative interaction and networking such a shared space provides. This, in turn, Capture a Greater Share of Regional Tourism can improve the viability of many businesses Market through innovation and increase the Re-focusing on the Algoma area's tourism number of services available in Algoma. draws can build on existing market and Creating a coworking space would have economic development efforts in the area. the added advantage of attracting so- Algoma has shoreline access with Lake called “lone entrepreneurs.” These are Michigan and is located along HWY 42 a small, home-based businesses usually major tourist route into Door County. composed of only a single individual, and Algoma also has the Ahnapee State Trail such a space would offer them an which is rich with natural resources and opportunity to grow and share resources beautiful landscapes. Algoma provides easy with other people in similar situations. This access to fishing charters, motorcycling, concept is similar to the Farm Market bicycling, canoeing, and kayaking Kitchen that recently closed in the city. opportunities. Further, Algoma is located in a strong recreational area providing many The organizational structure of a co-working cultural attractions. Marketing itself as a facility established in Algoma would need to gateway resource and retail center for users be determined based on several factors. It of all these natural and cultural could be operated either as non-profit or a opportunities extends Algoma's economic business organized as an LLC. Whatever the reach. Development of the Ahnapee Trail organizational structure chose, a co-working and Crescent Beach is a good beginning, facility must provide flexibility of space, but Algoma must draw out-of-town tourists preferably providing 24/7 access to coming for the recreation provided by the members/clients, with a minimum of 1,500 area’s natural features to enjoy the services square feet of gross space, divided into provided by the Algoma community. short- and long-term rental offices, meeting Capitalizing on large events such as; Wet rooms, and common spaces. The work Whistle Wine Festival, Sore on the Shore, center would ideally provide access to high- Shanty Days, fishing tournaments, and speed internet and good cellular service. regional sporting tournaments can create a After a period of stabilization, approximately larger customer base by making a good 3,000-4,000 square feet of space would be impression on visitors and drawing them to ideal. However, it is important not to make existing community businesses. the facility too big so that it can The Wisconsin Department of Tourism accommodate moderate growth within a released its annual Economic Impact Study. 12-24 month ramp-up period, allowing for a According to the 2015 study, Kewaunee sustained period of stabilization. Space County has a tourism impact of $17.4 million rental prices for a co-working space in in direct visitor spending. This number is Algoma would vary depending on

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development 51

down -2.16% from 2014 when the tourism use development, eliminating blighted impact for Kewaunee County was $17.8 areas, and rehabilitating deteriorating areas Million. of the community. The City of Algoma has successfully used TIF in a variety of projects Economic Program - Local in the past. TIF is useful in support of real estate and infrastructure projects, which will This section contains a brief explanation of directly result in an increase in taxable value the agencies that could potentially help the for properties within a tax increment district city and its businesses with loans and grants. (TID). TID Project Plans makes several The Kewaunee County Economic recommendations for improvements related Development Corporation and the to the improvement of a district. Kewaunee County UW-Extension Office may further provide information on economic Bonds assistance. In general, municipal bonds fall into two The Community Improvement of Algoma separate classifications – revenue or general Main Street organization closed its doors in revenue; however, within each category, a the City. Initially, the Community municipality can structure the bonds by Improvement of Algoma organization was offering a variety of risk, benefit, and tax formed in 1992. This was followed up in the treatments. The City will investigate the year 2000 with the city being chosen to be a applicability of bonds on a case-by-case Main Street community through a analysis. competitive application process. Main Street is a comprehensive revitalization County program that promotes the historic and economic redevelopment of traditional Revolving Loan Funds (RLF) businesses. Main Street Program goals Revolving Loan Funds are designed to include identifying and attracting provide funds, generally at favorable appropriate new businesses, retaining interest rates, that can assist entrepreneurs existing businesses; and creating promotions with funds needed to start or expand a that will attract residents and tourists. To business. Loans are generally tied to counteract this void in business services the maintaining or expanding the work force. As City will need to create public-private the business repays the funds to the local partnerships with organizations such as unit of government, the money can be Kewaunee County Economic Development loaned to other existing businesses within the Corporation, Algoma Chamber, and Live community or County to finance additional Algoma. economic development projects. The Kewaunee County RLF provides loans from The City can also assist a local business by $10,000 to $250,000. Any business or industry officially supporting the business within the located in Kewaunee County (including Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission’s start-up) or any business or industry moving Overall Economic Development Strategy to Kewaunee County may apply for these document, published annually and reported funds. to the Department of Commerce - thus making the business eligible for state grant consideration.

Tax Increment Financing Tax incremental financing (TIF) is a local tool available to cities, villages, and towns (on a very limited scale) that was created in 1975 by the state legislature as a method of promoting industrial development, mixed-

52 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development

Industrial Revenue Bonds Regional Kewaunee County participates in Wisconsin’s Industrial Revenue Bond Technology Zone program. The Wisconsin program is available Kewaunee County is part of the Northeast to assist manufacturers with expansion Wisconsin Regional Economic Partnership projects through low interest financing. The (NEWREP) Technology Zone program. The State of Wisconsin grants the bonding program provides income tax incentives for authority (volume cap allocation) to cities, high-tech development in the region. The villages and towns to issue the bonds on zone is designed to enhance the region’s behalf of a business. attractiveness to high-tech businesses and workers, build on the success of the Kewaunee County has an office of biotechnology and manufacturing Promotion, Recreation and Economic companies in the region, attract auxiliary Development. Through this agency, Algoma companies and help existing companies would have access to development increase productivity. Eligible businesses will information as well as grant information, and be certified for tax credits based on their may be eligible for future county-wide ability to create high-wage jobs and revolving loan funds. Kewaunee County is investment and support the development of currently participating in the CDBG- high-tech industries in the region. Economic Development (ED) program (described in the State portion under Comprehensive Economic Development Economic Programs) and has set up a Strategy revolving loan program that re-loans funds The Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission to new projects as previous projects pay annually creates a Comprehensive back loan dollars. Information on the Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) Kewaunee County Revolving Loan Fund is report which evaluates local and regional available through the Kewaunee County population and economic activity. Administrators Office. Economic development trends, opportunities and needs are identified In addition, the Wisconsin Economic within the CEDS report. All communities Development Corporation has designated which are served by the Commission, all of Kewaunee County as a Technology including the city of Algoma, are invited to Zone. This program is further described in the identify future projects for economic Regional portion below. development that the community would like to undertake. Those projects are included within the CEDS and may become eligible for federal funding through the Economic Development Administration (EDA) Public Works grant program.

Economic Development Assistance Wisconsin Public Service Corporation offers economic development assistance to communities and businesses in a number of ways, including the development of business plans, acquisition of loans and educational forums.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development 53 Economic Development Regional it is not practical to accommodate them in Partnerhsip the zone. Sub-zone locations are afforded New North is a regional partnership made all of the same economic benefits as the up of private and public sector partners general-purpose zone. from 18 counties in northeastern Wisconsin. It is supported by over 100 private investors in Economic Program - State the region and state. These investors provide Wisconsin Economic Development vital resources, talent, and support to the Corporation Community Development New North organization to promote the New Investment Grant North region. It is established as a non-profit Applications for this WEDC program can be corporation with a mission to “harness and submitted in one of three tiers of projects. promote the region’s resources, talents, and The program has a rolling deadline as long creativity for the purpose of sustaining and as funds are available, and is focused on growing our regional economy.” The New funding catalytic projects in a community. North accomplishes this by fostering regional Examples include: preservation of a collaboration, focusing on targeted growth landmark historic structure, redevelopment opportunities, supporting an entrepreneurial of a key site, and gap financing to make a climate, encouraging educational large development project move forward. attainment, encouraging and embracing However, a City can only submit one diverse talents, and promoting the regional application for a larger tier project per year brand. ($100,000 and up), and the grant can only Foreign Trade Zone #167 comprise 25% of project costs. Smaller The Port of Green Bay Foreign Trade Zone planning or feasibility study projects of up to (FTZ167) managed by the Brown County $50,000 can also be submitted. Port Authority and its main zone consists of Connect Communities Program Port of Green Bay and Austin Straubel Connect Communities helps local leaders International Airport. FTZ167 is a statewide leverage the unique assets of their designation and can be used by business downtowns and commercial districts, and industry located in Kewaunee County providing access to resources and which are included in the subzone networking opportunities to local leaders category. FTZ167 is a secure area under U.S. interested in starting a district revitalization Customs supervision that are considered effort. A participating community must have outside the Customs territory of the United an organization or group that focuses on States. Foreign and domestic merchandise downtown/historic commercial district may be moved into zones for operations not issues, have access to a computer with otherwise prohibited by law, involving required software, can commit to a majority storage, exhibition, assembly, of training opportunities, and fulfill annual manufacturing, and processing. Under zone reporting requirements. Communities will be procedures, the usual formal Customs entry required to sign a participation agreement procedure and payment of duties are not with WEDC and pay an annual fee of $200. required on the foreign merchandise unless and until it enters Custom territory for domestic consumption, in which case the importer normally has a choice of paying duties on either the original foreign materials or on the finished product. Domestic goods moved into a zone for export are considered exported upon entering the zone for purposes of excise tax, rebates and drawback. Sub-zone status is commonly granted to existing manufacturing facilities ancillary to the general-purpose zone where

54 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development Brownfield Site Assessment Grant results and demonstrable economic The Wisconsin Economic Development benefits. HUD does not encourage Corporation administers a Brownfield Site applications whose scope is limited only to Assessment Grant (SAG). As mentioned site acquisition and/or remediation where earlier in chapter one, there is one open there is no immediately planned brownfield site and seven parcels that have redevelopment. BEDI funds are used to closed brownfields requiring additional enhance the security or to improve the remediation if the redevelopment occurs on viability of a project financed with a new the site. The WEDC program helps local Section 108 guaranteed loan commitment. governments conduct initial activities and Redevelopment activities proposed in this investigations of known or suspected plan may be ideal candidates for the BEDI environmentally contaminated property. program. A case by case analysis would be The program requires a 50% match. The required to determine whether this is a grant funds can be used to conduct Phase I viable source of funding. and Phase II environmental assessments, site investigations, structural demolition, and CDBG - Public Facilities Economic underground storage tank removal. Grant Development (CDBG-PFED) Funds funds are based on a project’s ability to CDBG-PFED grant funds are awarded to promote economic development and the local governments for public infrastructure level of environmental impact the project projects that support business expansion or will have on the area. retention. Examples of eligible applications include: new or improved water & sewer Brownfields Economic Development service and streets that result in business Initiative expansion and job opportunities for low- The Brownfields Economic Development and moderate-income individuals. Initiative (BEDI) is a key competitive grant program that HUD administers to stimulate CDBG - Public Facilities (CDBG-PF) Funds and promote economic and community These funds help support infrastructure and development. BEDI is designed to assist cities facility projects for communities. Some with the redevelopment of abandoned, examples of eligible projects include idled, and underused industrial and improvements, repairs, or expansions of commercial facilities where expansion and streets, drainage systems, water and sewer redevelopment are burdened by real or systems, sidewalks, and community centers. potential environmental contamination. Grants are limited to projects that, if BEDI grant funds are primarily targeted for implemented, would meet a CDBG National use with a particular emphasis on the Objective. redevelopment of brownfield sites in economic development projects and the CDBG - Planning (CDBG-PLNG) Funds increase of economic opportunities for low- These grant funds support community efforts and-moderate-income persons as part of to address improving community the creation or retention of businesses, jobs, opportunities and vitality. Some examples of and increases in the local tax base. eligible projects include the development of comprehensive plans, community BEDI funds are used as the stimulus for local development plans, and small area and governments and private sector parties to neighborhood plans. Grants are limited to commence redevelopment or continue projects that, if implemented, would meet a phased redevelopment efforts on CDBG National Objective. brownfield sites where either potential or actual environmental conditions are known, and redevelopment plans exist. HUD emphasizes the use of BEDI and Section 108 Loan Guarantee funds to finance projects and activities that will provide near-term

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development 55 CDBG –READI Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources READI grants are awarded to local units of Ready for Reuse Loan and Grant Program government, which will be passed on to a The Wisconsin Department of Natural Community Development Organization. The Resources (DNR) offers assistance with grants fund economic and housing projects. brownfield cleanup and provides grants The grant can also fund job training. and loans for redevelopment of contaminated sites. In order to be eligible Wisconsin Housing and Economic for funding, a site must meet the following Development Authority criteria. The Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority (WHEDA) has two • The site must meet the federal definition loan guarantee programs for communities. of an eligible brownfield, which is "real WHEDA small business loan guarantees help property, the expansion, reduce the financial risk to small business redevelopment, or reuse of which may lenders and ensure that qualified Wisconsin be complicated by the presence or small businesses have access to funding. potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant." Small Business Loan Guarantee (WSBG) The WSBG helps to acquire or expand a • The site or costs must be ineligible for the small business with favorable financing Petroleum Environmental Cleanup Fund terms. Award (PECFA) reimbursement.

Features & Benefits • The grant or loan recipient must not • Lower Interest Rate—improves have contributed to contamination, and profitability there are no persons responsible for the contamination that are both subject to • Longer Term and Amortization— an environmental enforcement action lower monthly payment and able to pay for the cleanup.

• Use for Working Capital—finance • There must be no federal enforcement more than fixed assets and action under the Resource Conservation inventory & Recovery Act (RCRA), obligation under the federal Oil Pollution Act • Reduce Risk for the Lender—makes it (OPA), or use of federal leaking easier to approve the loan underground storage tank (LUST) funds at the site. The DNR can help make this Neighborhood Business Revitalization determination. Guarantee (NBRG) The NBRG helps to bring or expand Boating Infrastructure Grant business, or develop or rehabilitate Boating Infrastructure Grant (BIG) Program commercial real estate in an urban funds are available to public and private area. agencies, marinas and other facilities that provide transient tie-up (15 days or less) Features & Benefits opportunities for large recreational boats 26 • Lower Interest Rate-improves feet or more in length. The purpose of BIG is profitability to construct, renovate, and maintain boating infrastructure facilities for transient • Revitalizes Distressed Urban and recreational vessels at least 26 feet long. Rural Areas – improves neighborhoods Tier1-State Provides up to $200,000 per year to each • Reduces Risk for the Lender - makes state. Projects are competitively ranked it easier to approve the loan within the state.

56 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development Tier2-National Rural Business Enterprise Grants Program Provides up to $1,500,000 per project. (RBEG) Projects are competitively ranked at the The Rural Business-Cooperative Service national level. makes grants available under the RBEG Program to public bodies, private nonprofit Wisconsin Department of Tourism corporations, and federally recognized Administered by the Wisconsin Department Native American Tribal groups to finance of Tourism, the Joint Effort Marketing Grant and facilitate development of small and funds new events focused on tourism emerging private business enterprises activity in Wisconsin. Startup events are located in areas outside the boundary of a eligible for a three year declining funding city or unincorporated areas of 50,000 or stream which supports 75%, 50%, and 25% of more and its immediately adjacent promotional costs. Awards are based on the urbanized or urbanizing area. The assistance number of visitors anticipated to attend an is for small or emerging business with less event, and applications are reviewed in than 50 new employees, less than $1 million April and September. Similar programs are in gross annual revenues, have or will utilize also available for expansion of existing technological innovations and events or onetime events. commercialization of new products and/or processes to be eligible for assistance. Funds Economic Program - Federal can be used for a variety of things including, Some examples of federal programs that but not limited to: construction of buildings could assist the city of Algoma its planning and plants, equipment, access streets and area in economic development include: roads, parking areas, utility and service extensions, and a variety of other costs. • USDA Wisconsin Rural Development Programs US Department of Homeland Security- Citizen and Immigration Services Programs • Rural Business Opportunity Grants Employment Based Fifth (EB5) Program Program The purpose of the EB5 program is to encourage immigrants to invest in, or Rural Business Opportunity Grant Funds manage, U.S. companies that benefit the provide for technical assistance, training, U.S. economy. If an individual wishes to and planning activities that improve immigrate to the U.S. and are willing to economic conditions in rural areas of 10,000 invest $500,000, they and their family people or less. A maximum of $1.5 million (spouse and any unmarried children under per grant is authorized. 21) can receive a “conditional” green card good for two years. After two years, if they Rural Economic Development Loans and have maintained the investment and Grants created at least ten jobs, the conditional Zero interest loans may be made to any status is removed and they become a Rural Utilities Service (RUS) to promote “permanent” green card holder, eligible for economic development and/or job U.S. citizenship. As an EB5 immigrant, they creation projects including, but not limited may either invest in their own company, or to: project feasibility studies, start-up costs, invest their money (along with other EB5 incubator projects, and other reasonable immigrants) in qualified projects. expenses. Grants can be provided to rural communities through RUS borrowers to be used for revolving loan funds for community facilities and infrastructure and for assistance in conjunction with rural economic development loans.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development 57 US Economic Development Administration Programs Goal, Objectives, Public Works and Economic Development Program Actions The US Economic Development Goal Administration provides the Public Works Program and Economic Development Promote economic development efforts to Assistance, which empowers distressed expand existing businesses and promote the communities in economic decline to development of new businesses in the City revitalize, expand, and upgrade their that will make the local economy stronger physical infrastructure to attract new and more resilient. industry, encourage business expansion, diversify local economies, and generate or Objectives retain long-term, private sector jobs and investment. 1. Attract and retain “anchor” industries while maintaining a diverse tax base for New Market Tax Credits Algoma that provides employment On the last day of its 2000 session, Congress opportunities for residents, that is created the New Markets Tax Credit consistent with the atmosphere of program, part of the Community Renewal Algoma, and are environmentally Tax Relief Act of 2000, to encourage sound. investment in low-income communities. The program is designed to generate $15 billion 2. Continue to revitalize the downtown in new private sector investments in low- area to improve the Algoma’s overall income communities. The program is appearance and attractiveness to designed to allow the Community residents, shoppers, and employers. Development Entities to use its local knowledge and expertise to decide what 3. Encourage the creation and retention of business to invest in or lend to with the funds employment opportunities, particularly it raises with the new markets tax credit. those benefiting the unemployed, Most businesses located in low-income underemployed, and low-to-moderate communities could qualify for loans or income persons. equity. Typical firms could include: small technology firms, manufacturers, hotels, 4. Enhance the aesthetics of commercial retail stores or micro-entrepreneurs. This is an and industrial properties along exciting program that provides tax entranceways into Algoma. incentives to investors to make investments in distressed communities and promotes 5. Promote Algoma to increase the flow of economic improvements through the non-local dollars into the Algoma by development of successful business in these visitors. communities. 6. Foster a public-private working relationship between government and the private sector to encourage private reinvestments in the downtown and core area.

7. Support existing businesses to retain them and encourage their growth/expansion.

58 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development 8. Refurbish and improve storefront designs 4. Promote and market resources and of existing structures to improve the activities available to tourists to capture overall appearance of the downtown additional dollars for the area (Beach area. area, Ahnapee State Trail, Marina, etc.).

9. Encourage infill of vacant commercial 5. Inform potential businesses of land use structures in downtown Algoma. regulations, design regulations and zoning restrictions. 10. Encourage the redevelopment of brownfields in the existing commercial 6. Continue to improve street and industrial areas. maintenance to provide for adequate travel conditions. 11. Encourage the establishments of local businesses in areas specified in the 7. Improve the architectural characteristics Future Land Use Map that can enhance of the buildings downtown, through and promote the character of the façade programs. Algoma. 8. Maintain Algoma’s scenic green areas 12. Develop tourist-oriented commercial to maintain its park-like setting. businesses. 9. Improve signage that attracts visitors 13. Retain a greater percentage of the and guides them to area attractions available tourist, recreation and and public services. shopping dollar. 10. Allow “at home” occupations to locate 14. Prioritize Downtown Algoma as a key within Algoma until such time as they economic development district have outgrown their home. through the pursuit of regional, state, and federal grant funds, or through 11. Work with property owners in Business consideration of tax increment Park to develop a strategic disposition financing. plan for privately owned property.

Actions 12. Continue to monitor the capacity of existing infrastructure, roads, electricity, 1. Locate commercial development public safety services, etc, to dependent on automobile traffic and accommodate new development and easy access along STH 42 and STH 54 in weigh the costs to potential benefits. order to provide commercial service to local and through traffic. 13. Work with businesses to apply for grants and loans to establish or expand a 2. Promote retail, general purpose business. shopping, professional services and similar businesses in the downtown area 14. Prepare a community profile for that will maintain Algoma’s core industrial and business recruitment and business area. provide the profile to various state and local agencies, and to industrial and 3. Promote downtown as pedestrian business prospects. friendly and safe by ensuring areas are clean and well-lit and offer pedestrian 15. Develop a marketing brochure amenities, such as benches, that promoting available lands to develop encourage foot traffic. and advertising Algoma’s unique resources related to ethnic heritage,

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development 59 civic events and Lake Michigan. etc. which could help foster economic development in Algoma. 16. Continue the support of the Community Improvement of Algoma Program to 26. Create a commercial property revitalize downtown with storefront rehabilitation program. design, landscaping, signage, special lighting, and other beautification 27. Create program to encourage live-work measures, which promote the atmosphere in the downtown to allow downtown business district. for rehabilitation of residential units above commercial storefronts. 17. Establish an Architectural Review Board to review building design standards. 28. Explore starting a Business Improvement District or join Connect Communities 18. Develop a detailed waterfront plan that program to assist with business includes Lake Michigan and the development and programmatic Ahnapee River. opportunities in the downtown.

19. Develop an ordinance to control blight 29. Work with property owners in the within Algoma (e.g. property business park to be classified as a maintenance codes). certified Site for inclusion into the WEDC program for enhanced marketing 20. Create Business Recruitment Committee opportunities. to recruit business to the city and fill vacant retail and industrial sites. 30. Create a Business Retention and Expansion (BRE) program to foster 21. Continue to apply for CDBG Public business and customer relationships. Facilities grants and Public Facilities for Economic Development (PFED) grants to 31. Explore agreement with Kewaunee improve the overall economic viability of County Economic Development Algoma. Corporation to provide economic development services to City of Algoma. 22. Enforce/update zoning to protect investments made by current and future 32. Continue to recruit a hotel to build in city employers and business establishments. to meet needs of tourism, conventions, and community space needs. 23. Work with developers and local residents to approve established compatible 33. Utilize the WisDNR Ready for Reuse hours of operation, signage, lighting, Program to clean up redevelopment parking, and landscaping to meet sites and position for reuse. Algoma’s desire for well-planned growth. 34. Explore the creation of a City Redevelopment Authority 24. Promote Algoma’s commercial and industrial properties with marketing tools 35. Update Market Analysis bi-annually to and the services of the Community track retail needs of the city. Improvements of Algoma Organization and Algoma Chamber of Commerce. 36. Update Economic Development Strategy every 5 years. 25. Continue its membership of the Wisconsin Economic Development 37. Create marketing brochure to promote Association (WEDA) to discuss economic available sites within the issues, identify possible economic Industrial/Business Park. resources, receive technical assistance,

60 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development 38. Implement Waterfront Development include specialized training programs Plan recommendations that determine and apprenticeship programs that areas for development, preservation, would benefit local industry. and maintenance. 3. Promote the development of amenities 39. Coordinate with NWTC Small Business and establishments that are attractive to Initiative and UWGB Small Business young adults in order to retain the city’s Development Center to provide future workforce and avoid the entrepreneurship classes and workshops outmigration of skilled labor. aimed at growing businesses in the City of Algoma. 4. Promote water recreation business as a component of tourism plan.

Goal 5. Work with businesses to remove ADA barriers. Improve the quality of life to maintain and expand Algoma’s workforce. 6. Work the Chamber to create an identifiable brand to market city. Objectives 7. Create streetscape design standards 1. Continue to improve existing housing (banners, lighting, awnings, street and public services within Algoma. furniture) based on output of 2. Expand residential developments to marketing/branding campaign. retain and increase the local tax base.

3. Increase personal income to maintain and expand workforce and possibly increase local tax base.

4. Encourage expansion and marketing of Algoma’s recreational offerings.

5. Assist schools in preparing students for local career opportunities.

6. Encourage developments, which are aimed towards housing the growing elderly population and the younger “first time” homebuyers.

7. Encourage vocational, technical, and college education, employment counseling, and support services such as day care and after school, childcare programs.

Actions

1. Develop a marketing brochure illustrating Algoma’s picturesque environment, along with its recreational offerings and community events.

2. Assist local educational institutions to

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Economic Development 61 Page intentionally blank for duplex printing

62 TRANSPORTATION Regional Plans Transportation Executive Summary Text Connections 2030

The Wisconsin Department of This chapter of the Plan covers Algoma’s Transportation’s (WisDOT) Connections 2030 transportation goals, objectives, and document serves as the state’s long-range policies. The analysis will provide an multimodal transportation plan. The inventory of the existing transportation document places Algoma within the Door system along with an assessment of future Peninsula Corridor – Green Bay to Sturgeon needs, issues and opportunities. Different Bay. This 85-mile corridor provides the modes of transportation are examined that principal access to one of the state’s are available to residents and visitors of premier recreation areas, Door County. Algoma, including transportation for the While the highway provides access to some elderly and disabled, bicycle and of the state’s largest ship building and repair pedestrian infrastructure, waterborne, rail, facilities in Sturgeon Bay, boating and biking air, and trucking systems. To analyze will continue to be major transportation capacity and intensity of use, the chapter modes on this corridor for both recreation will also share data on the functional and transportation. The corridor includes the classification of streets and average annual urban and urbanized areas of the greater daily traffic counts. Goals, objectives, and Green Bay and Sturgeon Bay areas (Map 9). policies also consider other applicable transportation plans that are addressed in Map 9: Door Peninsula Transportation Corridor this chapter.

The Plan should be consistent with regional transit plans, bicycle and pedestrian plans, state and local airport plans, and other relevant municipal and Kewaunee County plans that influence the transportation system in Algoma.

Source: WisDOT

64 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Transportation Six-Year Highway Improvement Plan County Planned Improvements

WisDOT administers its six-year highway Two projects in and around Algoma that are improvement plan. The 2017-2022 highway expected to be completed in the near improvement programs cover only the future include: 11,766-mile state highway system which is administered and maintained by WisDOT. 1. CTH S (2nd Street) Bridge While WisDOT has allocated more than $300 Reconstruction: Expected million for infrastructure projects in the completion in 2019. Northeast Region (Brown, Calumet, Door, Fond du Lac, Kewaunee, Manitowoc, 2. STH 54 Resurfacing (Luxemburg – Marinette, Oconto, Outagamie, Sunset Avenue): Expected Sheboygan, and Winnebago Counties) of completion in 2025. Wisconsin from 2017 to 2022, the plan does not include any improvements in Algoma.

Kewaunee County Public Transit Plan Inventory of Transportation Facilities

The 2016 Kewaunee County Coordinated Elderly and Disabled Transportation System Public Transit – Human Services Elderly and disabled transportation systems Transportation Plan was created in order to refer to those programs that provide rides meet the goals of the “Fixing America’s through scheduled bus and/or van services, Surface Transportation” (FAST) Act. The as well as volunteer programs utilizing legislation aims to improve transportation private vehicles and volunteer or paid services for disabled, elderly, and low- drivers. Current transportation services for income individuals through the coordination elderly and disabled persons living within of transportation resources provided Algoma are provided through programs through federal programs. The County coordinated and administered by the Aging hopes that coordination will enhance Resource Center of Kewaunee County. transportation access, minimize duplication Kewaunee County Human Services, the of services, and facilitate the most Kewaunee County Aging Resource Center appropriate and cost-effective and East Shore Industries currently provide transportation possible with available specialized transportation services to resources. Algoma’s elderly and disabled population. Medical related and nutritional related trip purposes receive priority, followed by work related and recreational and/or business related trip needs. The cost of the special transportation services is borne by state subsidy through the Wisconsin Department of Transportation’s Section 85.21 (Special Transportation for the Elderly and Disabled Transportation) grant program, county funds (20 percent of the state grant), donations and fares collected from passengers.

The Kewaunee County Human Services Department provides transportation service utilizing private vehicles and volunteer drivers. Medical related and nutritional related trip purposes receive priority,

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Transportation 65 followed by work related and recreational trailhead or at the Super 8 Motel in Sturgeon and/or business related trip needs. Bay. The trail is also accessible in Forestville and Maplewood. Currently, there are no The Kewaunee County Aging Resource other specific bicycle facilities (including Center provides service by utilization of a signed routes on existing streets) located wheelchair accessible bus and by volunteer within Algoma. drivers using personal vehicles. Rail East Shore Industries (ESI) provides specialized transportation services for There is no existing rail service available to rehabilitation programs for disabled county Algoma. The nearest rail connection is residents utilizing four vans, all of which have currently located at the Village of been converted to provide wheel chair Luxemburg, with service provided via the spaces, and one bus, which is also Canadian National to the City of Green wheelchair accessible. Currently, ESI Bay. In the past, the Ahnapee and Western provides a fixed-route service for Railroad provided service from the City of approximately 60 clients, to and from the Sturgeon Bay, through Algoma to a rehabilitation center located in Algoma, for connection with the Green Bay and employment, social/recreational, nutritional Western Railroad at Casco Junction. From and medical purposes. the Town of Casco Junction, the Green Bay and Western (GB&W) provided service to The elderly and disabled transportation the Village of Luxemburg and to the City of services are coordinated by an advisory Kewaunee. The Ahnapee and Western committee to the Kewaunee County Board, Railroad service between Algoma and who sets county policy. The Aging Resource Sturgeon Bay was abandoned in 1969, and Center also has a subcommittee that service to the Town of Casco Junction was oversees operations. abandoned in shortly thereafter.

Ahnapee State Park Trail Rail service via the GB&W, from the Town of Casco Junction to the Village of Luxemburg The Ahnapee State Park Trail is located in and to the City of Kewaunee, was also both Kewaunee County and Door County. discontinued. The Ahnapee and Western rail Built on the abandoned railroad right-of- corridor between the City of Sturgeon Bay way for the old Ahnapee and Western and the Town of Casco Junction via Railroad, the trail includes scenic rural areas, Algoma has been preserved and currently cedarglades, and the Ahnapee River. It was serves as a multi-purpose state recreational established in the early 1970’s, with major trail. The state of Wisconsin is currently developments and additions occurring in negotiating the purchase of the former the 1990’s. The entire trail is 28.6 miles in GB&W rail corridor from the Village of length and contains surfaced bicycle trails Luxemburg to the Town of Casco Junction across 353 acres of land. The majority of the and to the City of Kewaunee. trail is surfaced with 8 to 10 inches of crushed limestone. Some sections of the trail Air Service are on shared bicycle/motor vehicle use roads. The Ahnapee Trail is funded in pieces. The inventory of air transportation systems The State of Wisconsin leases parts of the and facilities available to Algoma includes trail to the counties to maintain it. No cost both public airports that service the region estimates are available due to the different and also the private or semi-public airport developments of the trail at different times. facilities that service private commercial Shower/toilet facilities and parking are and recreational interest. available at Sawyer Park in Sturgeon Bay. The trail can be accessed at a connector At the regional level, the primary path between the downtown and the commercial-passenger and air freight

66 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Transportation service for residents of Algoma is provided Airport has two asphalt covered runways by Austin Straubel International Airport, that are 3,343 feet and 5,002 feet in length. located near the City of Green Bay. The Available services include fuel, minor facility is owned and operated by Brown airframe and power plant repair, charter, County. Austin Straubel International Airport rental, sales and instructional services. is a full service regional connector that in 1999 is providing direct service flights to four There are also several privately owned major cities, including Milwaukee, Wisconsin; airstrips located within Kewaunee County Chicago, Illinois; Detroit, Michigan; and providing general small craft services and/or Minneapolis, Minnesota. Flights are provided recreational flights to the public. These on six airlines with approximately 32 arrivals small, private airport facilities offer minimal and departures daily. services, and are generally utilized by recreational fliers. Private facilities are An alternative choice for passenger service generally characterized by short (2,500’ to is Mitchell International Airport located in 3,000’) turf covered runways which can Milwaukee, which is able to provide a wider accommodate small single engine and light range of continental and international twin engine aircraft. destinations, as well as services and fares unavailable at Austin Straubel Airport. Door Trucking County Cherryland Airport located just southwest of the City of Sturgeon Bay There are no major commercial trucking provides a seasonal passenger service as terminals or truck routes located within well as corporate service for Door County Algoma. Major industries and businesses that and the surrounding communities. The utilize multi-axel trucks include WS facility is owned and maintained by the Packaging and Olson Fabrication. County and can be accessed by CTH C from STH 57.

Cherryland Airport is classified as a Transport/Corporate (T/C) facility indicating that the facility can serve and accommodate corporate jets, small passenger and cargo jet aircraft used in regional service and small airplanes (piston or turboprop) used in commuter air service. Currently the facility has two asphalt paved runways, 4,600 feet and 3,200 feet in length. Available services include fuel, minor airframe and power plant repair, charter, rental, air ambulance and instructional services.

Manitowoc County Airport, located in the City of Manitowoc, is a Transport/Corporate (T/C) airport. A T/C facility indicates that the facility can serve and accommodate corporate jets, small passenger and cargo jet aircraft used in regional service and small airplanes (piston or turboprop) used in commuter air service. The facility is owned and maintained by Manitowoc County and can be accessed by CTH Q from SYH 310 and Interstate 43. The Manitowoc County

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Transportation 67 Streets and Highways relation to traffic patterns, land use, land access needs and daily traffic volumes. The There are several basic considerations useful street system for Algoma shown in Map 10 in assessing the street system within a has been functionally classified based on community. criteria from the Wisconsin DOT.

Those considerations include the functional Arterial Streets and Roads classification of the existing street system, the annual average daily traffic on streets The function of an arterial street is to move within the town, and an evaluation of the traffic over medium to long distances, often system's capability to handle present and between regions as well as between major projected future traffic volumes. In addition, economic centers, quickly, safely and vehicle crash data is useful in determining efficiently. Arterial streets are further problem areas relative to street safety. This categorized into either “major’ or “minor” information can provide an indication of the arterial streets based on traffic volumes. street improvements that may be needed There are two minor arterial streets located during the planning period. within Algoma, (STH 42) and Jefferson Street (STH 54). Functional Class STH 42 Streets, which are the principal component of the Algoma’s transportation circulation STH 42 is a primary state highway arterial system, may be divided into three that provides access south to the Cities of categories: arterial, collector and local. The Kewaunee, Two Rivers and Manitowoc, and three categories of streets are determined north to the City of Sturgeon Bay. by the function that the street serves in

Map 10: Average Annual Daily Traffic Counts and Functional

68 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Transportation STH 54 Local Streets

STH 54 is a primary state highway arterial The primary and most important function of that provides access west and south to the local streets is to provide direct access to Village of Luxemburg and then to the City of land adjacent to the street. Local streets are Green Bay. constructed to serve individual parcels of land and properties. They also tend to serve Collector Streets the ends of most trips within Algoma. All streets that are not classified as arterial or The primary function of streets classified as collector facilities within Algoma are “collectors” is to provide general "area to classified as local streets area" routes for local traffic. Collector streets take traffic from the local streets (and the Local streets should be designed to move land based activities supported by the local traffic from an individual lot (more often streets) and provide relatively fast and than not, a person's home,) to collector efficient routes to farm markets, agricultural streets that in turn serve areas of business, service centers and larger urban areas. With commerce and employment. Local streets an overall socioeconomic trend that is should not be designed or located in such a characterized by the decline of small and manner that they would or might be utilized medium agricultural concerns, and a by through traffic. In total, there are nearly significant increase in the number of rural 22 miles of local streets under the jurisdiction single family residential properties, collector of Algoma, comprising approximately 80 streets generally serve the same function percent of its total street mileage. but with different trip purposes. Collector streets typically serve low to moderate Traffic Counts vehicle volumes and medium trip lengths between commercial centers at moderate An analysis of past and present traffic speeds. Collector streets serve to distribute volumes is beneficial in determining the traffic between local and arterial streets, traffic conditions in a community. Traffic between home and the work place, home volumes are usually presented as an Annual and the place of worship, home and school Average Daily Traffic (AADT) figure, and are and between the home and those places calculated for a particular intersection or where business and commerce are stretch of street. The Wisconsin Department conducted. of Transportation, as part of its traffic count program, provides highway traffic volumes In Algoma, Lake Street from its intersection from selected streets for all state with 4th Street to 2nd Street is classified as a communities on a rotating basis, providing major collector. 2nd Street from its those counts for a community once every intersection with Lake Street to Navarino three years. For Algoma, traffic volumes Street is classified as a major collector. North were last counted in 2001. Counts were also Water Street from the first bridge east to taken in 1995 and 1998. The 1995, 1998 and Lakeview Drive is classified as a major 2001 average daily traffic volumes on collector. Navarino St. from 2nd St. to Mill St.; principal and minor arterial streets, along Mill St. from Navarino St. to Perry St.; and, with several collector streets within Algoma, Perry St. to the juncture of CTH S and CTH M are shown on Map 10. The daily traffic are classified as major collector streets. CTH counts are taken for 48 hours, and are S west and CTH M north are also classified as reported as a 24-hour average weekday major collector streets within Algoma. count for a specific data collection period. Algoma also contains two minor collector street routes; Division St. and a small portion of Feld St. from STH 54 to STH 42, and Fremont St. and Parker Ave. from STH 42 to STH 54.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Transportation 69

Traffic Flow Capacity Goal, Objectives, The streets that serve the state, the region and the local community are designed and Actions engineered to accommodate a maximum level of traffic. The maximum total capacity Goal of a two-lane, two-way highway (such as Establish a safe and efficient transportation STH 42 or STH 54) under ideal conditions is system for motor vehicles, pedestrians, 2,000 vehicles per hour in both lanes, as bicycles and watercraft that is compatible determined by the Peak Hourly Traffic (PHT), with Algoma’s adopted 20 Year regardless of traffic distribution by direction. Comprehensive Plan. The maximum capacity values should be considered as the average maximum Objectives volume on various types of streets under ideal conditions. 1. Establish an integrated area transportation system serves to freely As the comparison of the recorded average interconnect the various land use annual daily traffic, peak hourly traffic and activities located within the city, county the traffic flow capacities indicate, at and region, thereby providing the present, there are no streets or street accessibility needed to support these segments located within the town that have activities. approached or appear to be approaching the streets design capacity. 2. Develop a transportation system that provides safe movement for all transportation modes (walking, biking, and driving) needed by all residents.

3. Develop transportation system that is harmonious with surrounding land uses.

4. Provide for convenient and efficient vehicular movement near all commercial, industrial, and public facility locations.

5. Provide for adequate traffic controls (e.g. turning lanes, frontage roads) near businesses located along STH 42 and STH 54.

6. Provide and maintain aesthetically pleasing transportation corridors.

7. Develop a transportation system that is economical and efficient, satisfying other objectives at the lowest possible environmental, social and financial public cost.

8. Develop a transportation system that facilitates energy conservation while minimizing associated pollution effects.

9. The total amount of land used for

70 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Transportation

transportation facilities should be along Fourth Street through the minimized. downtown as a way to slow vehicular traffic along major thoroughfares. 10. The destruction of, or negative impacts to, historic buildings and of historic, 9. The dislocation of households, scenic, scientific, archaeological, and businesses, industries, and public and cultural sites as caused by the institutional buildings as caused by the reconstruction of existing or the reconstruction of existing or the construction of planned transportation construction of new transportation facilities and terminals should be facilities and terminals should be minimized. minimized.

11. Maintain Algoma’s existing grid system. 10. Provide signage alerting motorists of pedestrian crossings. 12. The location of transportation facilities in or through environmental corridors and 11. Change paving material at intersections natural areas should be avoided. to increase awareness of pedestrian zones. 13. The direct benefits derived from transportation system improvements 12. Continue working with County and should exceed the direct costs of such WisDOT to ensure adequate truck routes improvements using life-cycle costing into the City. methods. 13. Create a flexible street program to allow 14. Provide for continuous sidewalk for street closures for economic connectivity utilizing the adopted development and recreational uses. sidewalk plan. 14. Transportation facility construction plans Actions should be developed using sound geometric, structural, erosion control 1. Sidewalks - encourage sidewalks in and landscape design standards which developments. Encourage sidewalk consider the aesthetic quality of the maintenance. transportation facilities and the areas through which they pass. 2. Repair sidewalks to address safety concerns downtown. 15. Preserve abandoned rail and/or utility right-of-way corridors should be 3. Connect the downtown to harbor and preserved for future transportation the boardwalk through bike and facilities such as bicycle, pedestrian, pedestrian paths. transit, future rail service and/or arterial streets where such need is shown in the 4. Create a Safe Routes to School Plan county land use plan. 5. Provide bike racks downtown. This 16. The transportation system should provide should match the design style as set access and service with choices of forth in the streetscape design modes throughout Algoma in a way guidelines. designed to reduce overall average 6. Install signage/wayfinding directing trail travel times to destinations within the users to the downtown. City and the County.

7. Clear visibility between pedestrians and 17. Algoma and its partners will add bicycle vehicles at intersections. lanes or wide curb lanes should be constructed on arterial streets and 8. Implement traffic calming techniques highways where needed.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Transportation 71 18. Bicycle paths should be constructed to serve corridors not served by streets and highways. The most common uses are along rivers, lake shores, canals and utility rights-of-way.

19. Bicycle routing should direct bicyclists to suitable paths and streets without significantly compromising directness. Established bicycle suitability models should be used.

20. Work with the Kewaunee County Highway Commission, the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, and the Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission to develop a long-range maintenance and improvement program for Algoma’s streets.

21. Work with the Kewaunee County Highway Safety Commission to provide an ongoing assessment of Algoma street safety and efficiency.

22. Work with the Kewaunee County Highway Commission and the Wisconsin Department of Transportation to ensure safe and efficient access to STH 42, STH 54 and major collector streets.

23. The City Council or a designated committee should conduct an annual assessment of the Algoma’s street pavement conditions, drainage and maintenance needs, adequacy of existing driveways and culverts relative to safe access and to and from adjoining parcels of land, and to determine the adequacy of sight triangles at all street intersections.

72 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Transportation UTILITIES AND COMMUNITY FACILITIES Natural Gas Utilities and Community Facilities Executive Summary Text Natural Gas is provided to Algoma by Wisconsin Public Service Corporation (WPS). The capacity of the present system is To maintain a high level of public services, considered adequate to serve the needs of the community must continually monitor the customers in the area. and upgrade their existing facilities as development and population increases. The Public Water System general recommendations contained in this section are based on general long-range Algoma Utilities provides water service to planning considerations and should not be the entire community from four municipal substituted for detailed architectural or wells. The capacity of these wells is 1,135 engineering studies required before gpm with the Algoma’s current peak water expending substantial community resources consumption at 507,000 gpm due to tower and undertaking specific public works fillings. The municipal water system also projects. The levels of accuracy of the consists of three softening units and two referenced materials herein is subject to storage towers. The current system change and should only be used as an distributes water throughout Algoma by a initial guide/reference in establishing this series of water lines ranging in size. The plan’s initial land use needs. As time goes system is considered to be in excellent on, Algoma should collect updated condition and has plenty of capacity for the information regarding services as it looks to community for the next 20 years. However, modify them. In some cases, greater detail Algoma will continue to update the four of information on the service should be inch water mains that exist in the system. gathered. Sanitary Sewer Service Utilities The majority Algoma is served by the Electric Service municipal sewer system. Most of the Algoma’s sanitary sewer system is gravity Algoma’s electrical energy is purchased by flow with six lift stations; other portions of the WPPI Energy which is then transmitted from community are on a conventional sewer American Transmission Co. (ATC). The system. Algoma has an anaerobic distribution lines within Algoma are owned treatment system with the effluent from the by Algoma Utilities. The electric energy is system discharged into Lake Michigan and distributed throughout the area by two the Ahnapee River. The current system substations. The substations are located on consists of a variety of mains with a range of Perry Street and on the corner of Sunset and sizes. The system is currently operating at Feld Street. The voltage capacity of the approximately 50 percent capacity, and is present system is 2400/4160. The able to provide service for existing and approximate number of customers being future developments over the next 20 years. served within the Algoma area includes However, Algoma will continue to make 1,655 residents and 359 businesses. Future improvements to infrastructure and the improvement plans for electrical service in wastewater treatment facility. Algoma include continuing to rebuild the distribution system within Algoma, and tying Storm Sewer Service the north and south substations together. A majority of Algoma’s storm sewer system consists of curbed streets, sewer drainage and a variety of mains ranging from 8 inches to 48 inches. Areas within Algoma that have drainage problems are found where no storm sewer has been installed and open

74 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Utilities and Community Facilities ditches drain the area. Improvement plans Community Facilities for the storm sewer system include installing storm drainage and curb and gutter within Municipal Building the entire industrial park area of Algoma. The Algoma City Hall is located at 416 Sidewalks Fremont Street and provides space for Algoma’s administrative facilities. Purchased Sidewalks exist throughout much of Algoma in 1972, the City Hall houses the Mayor’s linking many of the commercial areas and office, City Administrator/Clerk-Treasurer, community services with residential Assessor, Building Inspector, and Kewaunee neighborhoods. County Emergency Government. The police department also utilizes the structure for its Solid Waste Disposal and Recycling Facilities offices. The facility is handicapped accessible with handicapped parking The pickup of solid waste occurring once available. Overall, the parking for the every week in Algoma is provided by structure is adequate with parking on Advanced Disposal which then disposes of it Fremont Street and a large lot in the back of at the Kewaunee County landfill. Presently, the facility that can accommodate refuse disposal in Algoma is considered approximately 80 cars. Overall, the adequate. The recycling program for administrative facilities are considered Algoma includes curb-side pickup of items adequate, with no plans for improvement weekly. Recyclable products collected other than general upkeep and during pickup include plastic, glass, paper, maintenance. metal, tin, cardboard, etc. Algoma Utilities coordinates a hazardous and recyclable Road and Other Maintenance materials recycling day twice a year with a disposal fee. Items such as fluorescent bulbs, The Algoma Street Department, located on ballasts, batteries and computer Jefferson Street provides the community components are disposed of in an efficient with street maintenance and other and safe manner. municipal repairs. Algoma’s shop is used primarily for equipment storage and Telecommunications Facilities maintenance. An inventory of Algoma's street department equipment includes: Local telephone service in Algoma is dump trucks, a road grader, street sweeper, provided by AT&T and CenturyLink; however tractor, pickup trucks, lawn mowers, two other companies such as Sprint, US Cellular, front end loaders, etc. Other maintenance AT&T, Cellcom and Verizon provide long for areas such as parks, beaches, etc. is distance and/or cellular service in the area. done by the Park and Recreation Currently there is a telephone facility Department with assistance from the Street located on 5th Street within the Algoma. Department as needed. As the population Special lines (Fiber Optics) are also available increases and technology changes, for internet access in Algoma. Algoma Algoma should improve its maintenance contains telecommunication towers, which equipment. are utilized by Cellcom and CenturyLink. Charter Communications is the Algoma’s cable provider, which is accessible to the entire community. Approximately 900 residents subscribe to cable television in the community. At this time both services are considered adequate with no future improvements planned for the telecommunication facilities.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Utilities and Community Facilities 75 Postal Services has 52 volunteer members for fire protection. The Fire Department serves The Post Office facility located at 1121 Flora Algoma, the Town of Ahnapee, the north Avenue provides postal services for Algoma. half of the Town of Pierce and the eastern Parking at the facility is adequate and the half of the Town of Lincoln. facility is handicapped accessible. The present facility will remain at its current The department also provides services such scale, and will be able to fit the needs of the as ice and water rescue, EMT services, etc. community; therefore there are no future The 911 system is utilized to alert the fire improvement plans for the Post Office in the department of possible emergencies. near future. Serving Algoma and portions of the surrounding area, the department also has Cemeteries mutual aid agreements with the Kewaunee Fire Department and all members of the The Evergreen Cemetery is located at the Door-Kewaunee Fire Association by request. western edge of the municipal limits, on the Overall, the fire protection services for corner of Hwy 54 and Evergreen Road. In Algoma are considered adequate at this addition, St. Mary’s Catholic and St. Paul’s time. Future improvement plans include Lutheran are two other cemeteries located continued training, general maintenance in Algoma. All cemeteries have adequate and staying informed of new technologies space available for the next 10 to 20 years. to fight fires. Algoma has an ISO rating of 4. General maintenance of the facilities will continue throughout the 20-year planning Emergency Services period. Ambulance services for Algoma are Police Station provided by the Algoma Rescue Squad. The ambulance facilities are located at the The Algoma Police Department is housed in same location as the fire department (400 the City Hall at 416 Fremont Street. Algoma’s Third Street). police force consists of eight employees. Equipment used by the department includes Established in 1972, this volunteer service two police vehicles and a variety of other currently consists of 16 EMT’s including 8 equipment common to most departments firefighters that are CPR trained. EMT - Basic of similar size. Overall the Algoma IV Tech services are provided to Algoma, department covers the entire community. and the Towns of Ahnapee, Pierce and Algoma has a contract with the County Lincoln. Presently, the Algoma Ambulance Sheriff’s department for administrations Service has two ambulances and other services, which also includes police chief specialized equipment which provide services. Algoma has no jail facilities of its services to the area. The emergency calls own, and must depend upon the use of the are handled through the 911 system that is Kewaunee County Jail facilities. The police used by Algoma. At this time, the level of protection for Algoma is adequate at this emergency medical service and equipment time. are considered to be adequate by the community. Improvements in the future Fire Station/Protection include improvements in technology and training throughout the planning period. Fire protection for Algoma is provided by the Algoma Fire Department. The current fire station was constructed in 1950 and is located at 400 Third Street. Established in 1874, the Algoma Fire Department currently

76 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Utilities and Community Facilities Library Eagles Christian Academy located on Feld Street, providing education for 16 students. The Algoma Public Library is located at 406 Fremont. The facility offers a wide range of Child Care Facilities services and materials to Algoma area residents. The structure is maintained by the Algoma has a public child care facility Public Library Board of Trustees and the located at the Algoma Elementary School Algoma city government. Presently, there and accepts any student enrolled at the are seven individuals employed by the school in early childhood through 6th grade library. The library is open year round, (ages 3-12) and qualifying 3-5 year old Monday thru Friday 10 am to 7 pm, and children of school families. Wisconsin Saturdays 10 am to 3 pm. The library offers a Statutes allow for in-home daycare up to variety of services to go along with its eight children for State licensed facilities. monthly circulation 6,508 volumes per Currently, the Helping Hands Day Care month, including educational software, located on Flora Avenue, along with several videocassettes, books on tape, etc. Other other homes, provides day care services in programs and services offered include Algoma. internet stations, story hours, summer library programs, programming, etc. The facility is Health Care and Senior Care Facilities handicapped accessible and parking is Algoma residents have access to several considered adequate. One problem that medical services located within Algoma. may affect the library in the near future is The city government owned Algoma space needed for additional technologies Medical Center and Long Term Care that may be included. At this time there are located on Fremont Street contains a Dr. no future improvement plans for the library, Clinic, Lab, X-ray, Physical Therapy and a 42 however as the population increases and bed Nursing Home. The Door County technologies improve the library will need to Medical Center located on Jefferson Street be enhanced to accommodate the is a private clinic that is part of Door County changes. Hospital. There are no existing hospital Educational Facilities facilities in Algoma; however, the nearest facility with an emergency room is located Students within Algoma attend schools in in the City of Sturgeon Bay. There are three the Algoma School District. Facilities within dental practitioners in Algoma. Currently, the district include Algoma Middle and there are no known future plans for High School located on Division Street Algoma’s health care facilities other than and Algoma Elementary School located on general maintenance. However, Algoma Fremont Street. According to the Wisconsin feels services can be improved by Information System for education data attracting more quality doctors to the area. dashboard as of the 2015-2016 school year, the Algoma High School enrollment count Performing Arts Center has increased from 296 in 2011 to 333 in Located inside the Algoma Elementary 2015. The elementary enrollment has count School the auditorium was officially increased from 326 in 2011 to 390 in 2015. renamed the Algoma Performing Arts Other educational facilities located in Center in September of 2014. The Algoma Algoma include three parochial schools. St. Performing Arts Center is an organization Mary's Catholic School, located on Church devoted to bring extraordinary performers Street with 32 students enrolled—a decrease to the Algoma community. As a from 71 elementary students in 2011, and committee, we are focused on students 120 in 2005. St. Paul's Lutheran School and strive to provide opportunities to located on Division Street, reported having develop their creativity and skills. an enrollment of 59 students, and Wings of

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Utilities and Community Facilities 77 Algoma Community Wellness Center Outdoor Recreation Inventory

Opened in 2015 and located inside of Community Sites Algoma High School, this 20,000-square-foot center features a cardio area and weight, Algoma has various outdoor park sites strength and conditioning centers well as a available which provide the public with a room for Zumba, yoga, dance and other variety of opportunities. Map 11 illustrates health and wellness classes. the location of the public parks located within Algoma’s boundaries. In addition, Algoma Wolf Tech refer to the City of Algoma Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan, 1993- 1997, for This facility located inside Algoma High detailed information. School, Algoma Wolf Tech is a student business that allows students to gain the Crescent Beach technical and soft skills needed to succeed in today’s businesses, such as welding and Crescent Beach is 7.5 acre area located on fabrication. Wolf Tech also hosts a Algoma’s east side, adjacent to STH 42 on community FabLab for students and the shores of Lake Michigan. The area residents to participate in creating new consists of Algoma’s picturesque beach products. and utilizes the Corps of Engineers’ south breakwater for fishing or walking. The area is primarily used for a variety of activities including picnics, swimming, volleyball, sightseeing, or a leisurely walk on the Crescent Beach Boardwalk.

Map 11: City of Algoma Recreational Areas

78 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Utilities and Community Facilities Heritage Park The Little Park This park was dedicated at Algoma’s This small park is located on the corner of Sesquicentennial in 2001. It is located next to Frank and Clark Streets. The park offers the marina and has a playground, picnic playground equipment for activities. area and benches with a view of Lake Michigan. Crescent Beach Crescent Beach offers a front-row view of American Legion Park Lake Michigan and all its beauty. Enjoy This Park is located on the shores of Lake stunning sunrises to hot sand between your Michigan and hosts Algoma's biggest toes, playing volleyball, kayaking and annual celebration, "Shanty Days". The Park swimming, or simply relaxing in the water. is primarily used for picnics and public and The lakeshore is the perfect place to spend private gatherings during the summer and the day. Crescent Beach is also home to fall. Soar on the Shore a spectacular kite flying event as well as a place to catch a glimpse Newman Park of the eagles that nest nearby. Newman Park is a two-block area bordered Crescent Beach Boardwalk by Division, Steele and Navarino Streets. The Boardwalk located along Algoma's lake Olson Park bank offers residents and visitors a scenic This park located northwest of Algoma on view of Lake Michigan. The route has one- Hwy 42 is used primarily for fishing with its half mile of lighted walkway. This launching facilities and parking available for handicapped accessible walk connects the boat trailers. Visitor Center with the Algoma Marina. Perry Field Algoma Marina Located two blocks from downtown on The municipally-owned Marina is located at Steele Street, this park provides a baseball the east end of Steele Street in the Algoma diamond and is the home of Algoma High Harbor and a short distance from School and Grade School football games. downtown. The Marina offers 48 slips for The Park has a tennis and basketball court, vessels. These slips have electricity, water, a and playground equipment. It is the site of fish cleaning station and access to gasoline. the summer arts and crafts programs and The Marina building houses restrooms, the youth recreational activities. showers and a lounge. There is a double launch ramp and parking for vehicles. Peterson Park Located at the north end of Fourth Street, Sunrise Cove Marina Peterson Park is the area of summer softball Algoma’s only full service marina offers the and provides a shelter for picnics and full spectrum of options, including docking, parties. The park also contains playground storage, repair work, gasoline, propane and equipment. In addition, Peterson Park offers year round travel lift service. Located at 70 hilly terrain for winter sledding activities. Church Street, on Algoma’s north lakefront, Pier 42 has 42 slips with electric and water Christmas Tree Ship Point hood ups as well as 22 with phone service. Previously named Steele Street Point, this The slips at Pier 42 can easily take 40 foot two-acre park is located on the far east end boats. The marina area also contains six of Steele Street where the land meets Lake campsites served by electricity. Michigan. Christmas Tree Point is primarily an area that consists of amenities for recreational boaters or fishermen to enjoy Lake Michigan.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Utilities and Community Facilities 79 Other Recreation Facilities swimming pool, video game room, playground volleyball court, horseshoe pits, Other recreational sites that are available canoe and paddle boat rentals, fishing for use include the Algoma elementary and along the Ahnapee River, and direct access high school facilities. These facilities provide to the Ahnapee State Trail for jogging, the community with park spaces for a biking, and hiking. variety of active recreational activities. Some of the facilities include: playgrounds, Timber Trail Campground large playfields, basketball hoops, baseball The Timber Trail Campground is also within diamonds, tennis courts, football field and the Algoma planning area in the Town of track. Other detailed facilities include: Ahnapee. The campground adjoins the Algoma Community Building Ahnapee State Trail and is located between CTH M and the Ahnapee River. Most sites The Community Building located on Lake have electric and water hookups. Visitors Street is a recreation hall that is available to have access to a small county store, and the public offering various indoor activities. other services including a dumping station, The Algoma Youth Center has a honey wagon services, Laundromat and gymnasium, large screen TV, pool & ping restrooms. Recreational opportunities pong tables, video games, etc. the facility include a heated swimming pool, also offers basketball and volleyball playground, volleyball court, horseshoe pits, leagues, pool leagues and dance classes game room, fishing along the Ahnapee for adults. The gym is available to walkers River, and direct access to the Ahnapee year round. State Trail for jogging, biking and hiking. Knudson Hall is connected to the Youth Big Lake Campground Center and contains meeting rooms, lounge Located on Algoma’s southeast side on STH area and a kitchen available for community 42, this campground provides use. approximately 50 plus sites offering both Algoma Community Building water and sewer, and electrical services. Fisherman’s Refuge Located downtown, west of the Fourth Street Bridge, this recreation facility offers approximately 20 camping sites offering both water and sewer, and electrical services. Captain K’s Landing Located downtown along the Ahnapee Ahnapee River Trails Campground River, east of the Fourth Street Bridge, this campground offers eight sites which area The Ahnapee River Trails Campground is provided with electrical services. within the municipal boundaries of the Algoma planning area in the Town of Golf Courses Ahnapee. It is located at the end of Wilson Algoma has two golf courses nearby. The Road, between the Ahnapee River and CTH Alaskan Golf Club is located on Hwy 42 M. The campground has 65 sites with between Algoma and Kewaunee offers 9 electric and water hookups. Campground holes of golf along with the Yukon Mini- Golf amenities include a camp store with limited course. Located 15 minutes west of Algoma groceries, sanitary dump station, flush toilets, is the Northbrook Country Club offering 18 hot water, coin laundry, and a public holes of golf on an excellent course in phone. Recreational opportunities available Luxemburg. at the campground include a heated

80 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Utilities and Community Facilities National, State and County Facilities Bruemmerville County Park

Ice Age Trail Located within the Algoma planning area in the town of Ahnapee is the Bruemmerville The Ice Age Trail, which incorporates the County Park which is approximately two Ahnapee State Trail, passes through Algoma areas in size and is located just west of the and is a National and State scenic trail Algoma municipal limits. Primarily a passive located in Wisconsin. The purpose of the Trail recreation area, this park has scenic is to tell the story of the Ice Age and attractiveness in a somewhat isolated continental glaciations along a scenic natural area along Silver Creek near Mill footpath. Pond. Access to the park is excellent but a lack of parking limits its capacity. Facilities at Ahnapee State Trail the park include picnic tables, grills, bathrooms, playground equipment, This trail is a 48 mile hiking and biking covered shelter, and walking bridge. abandoned railroad line turned trail between Algoma and Sturgeon Bay. The Krohn’s Lake Ahnapee State Trail branches off into three directions, west to Luxemburg, northeast to Krohn's Lake is located southwest of Algoma Algoma and Sturgeon Bay, and southeast just off of CTH K. This park contains a grill, towards Kewaunee. This trail follows the boat ramp, restroom facilities, docks and Ahnapee River north from Algoma and plenty of off-street parking. Boat motors are passes through farmland, wooded areas not allowed on Krohn’s Lake. and marshes. The trail is open to hiking, biking, snowmobiling, etc. STH 42 Wayside

Located south of Algoma, within the Ahnapee State Trail Signage municipal planning area (in the town of Pierce) is the STH 42 Wayside. Approximately two acres in size, the site is primarily a resting area and has scenic attractiveness located on the shores of Lake Michigan.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Utilities and Community Facilities 81 Goal, Objectives, Actions 1. Continue to invest in new public works Actions equipment to adequately and economically perform required duties. Goal: Utilities and Community Facilities 2. Continue to encourage the concept of To provide quality community services to all “mutual aid agreements” for all public the residents of Algoma and to provide for services being provided (e.g. waste orderly development through the planned disposal). development of public and community facilities. 3. Continue to maintain and upgrade the City Hall, library and other facilities as Objectives needed.

1. Develop, maintain and upgrade 4. Consider the possible impacts to the Algoma’s facilities/utilities and public Algoma’s groundwater when weighing services for all of its residents as needed. future developments.

2. Ensure Algoma continues to receive 5. Continue to monitor resident satisfaction effective and efficient law enforcement, with the recycling program in Algoma. fire and emergency/medical services. 6. Continue cooperation and 3. Ensure that citizens are provided with communication between the Algoma adequate electric, natural gas and School District, the Algoma and telecommunication services. surrounding area to maintain and upgrade facilities to collectively provide 4. Provide for the continuous availability of for quality educational opportunities. public utility capacity and provide those areas for identified development with 7. Work with adjacent communities and adequate water, sewer and stormwater districts in order to provide the best level facilities. of police, fire, rescue (EMS) and other provided services on an annual basis. 5. Provision of public facilities to accommodate development shall not 8. Work cooperatively with select service place an unreasonable burden on the providers to upgrade ability of Algoma to provide them. telecommunication, cable, natural gas, etc. when needed. Future ordinances 6. Adopt protocols that better address should be considered/adopted to limit facility improvement and maintenance possible negative impacts (e.g. in the City. communication towers).

9. Continue to monitor plans/needs to upgrade facilities (water, sewer, etc. within Algoma.

10. Continue to explore options for the development of waterfront areas.

11. Use site plan review process that analyzes how stormwater will be managed, and how site plans will protect and enhance the environmental conditions of a future site.

82 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Utilities and Community Facilities 12. Plan for and support the extension of Actions public services in an orderly manner to discourage scattered rural 1. Continue to develop, maintain and development. upgrade recreational facilities within the Algoma and the surrounding area. 13. Promote recycling of domestic and commercial waste. 2. Use the City’s official mapping powers to preserve any areas designated for future 14. Review and enforce stormwater park and recreational uses. management plans for any new development. Update City Ordinances 3. Work with the surrounding counties and as necessary. adjacent municipalities in identifying future recreational areas. 15. Establish management practices that mitigate stormwater impacts on surface 4. Work with state agencies and private waters, minimize erosion, and maintain property owners to ensure that existing ecosystem function. trails are properly maintained and that any user/property owner disputes are 16. Maintain an ongoing list of community reconciled quickly, so as to continue to facilities that do not meet adequate provide quality trail networks throughout standards of physical condition. the area.

5. Continue to maintain and enhance the Algoma Youth Club facilities, while offering a variety of activities. Goal: Parks and Recreational Lands 6. Update the Algoma’s existing Outdoor Ensure all residents have safe recreational Recreation Plan. sites within Algoma that provide a number of activities. 7. Explore the development of a detailed waterfront plan to enhance the harbor Objectives area, Lake front and Ahnapee riverfront.

1. Ensure that any future trailway 8. Algoma should explore available developments are discussed with resources and contact appropriate residents as well as affected property agencies (e.g. WDNR, BLRPC, etc) to owners. further enhance the quality of its recreational systems. 2. Promote utilizing natural features for enhancing the Algoma’s recreational 9. Seek public and private donations for opportunities. funding recreational improvements and developments. 3. Consider access for the disabled, elderly and very young when planning, 10. Explore the acquisition of lands for future designing, coordinating and recreational uses. constructing any new recreation projects, including parking, trails, etc. 11. Continue to provide quality recreational sites within the Algoma for all residents. 4. Work to integrate historical sites into possible recreational facilities.

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84 INTERGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION Adjacent Governmental Units ExecutiveIntergovernmental Summary TextCooperation Municipalities The City of Algoma is located in Kewaunee County on the Door Peninsula of Intergovernmental cooperation occurs northeastern Wisconsin. The City is part of when multiple local government entities the Green Bay metropolitan statistical area coordinate plans, policies, and programs, and sits on the western shore of Lake communicate goals for the future and Michigan. The City shares boundaries with resolve issues of mutual interest. This can the following municipalities: occur either informally—by sharing facilities, equipment, or information, or formally—  Towns of Ahnapee and Pierce through codified intergovernmental agreements governing issues such as utility Algoma enjoys a productive working service provision or municipal boundary relationship with its municipal neighbors in adjustments. the interest of a shared regional vision.

Mutual Assistance is crucial for any County community. Communities enter into Kewaunee County is located in agreements or can legally request northeastern Wisconsin along the Lake assistance from other jurisdictions. This form Michigan shoreline. It is the 53rd largest of providing services to the community is county in the state, with a total population vital and will continue as a viable alternative of 20,723. While the County has little to Algoma. jurisdiction in the local municipal boundaries, it holds jurisdiction in the This chapter describes existing portions of the planning area that extends intergovernmental agreements, explores into the Towns of Ahnapee and Pierce opportunities for future collaboration, and regarding: identifies potential areas of conflict between the Algoma and adjacent units of  Shoreland zoning local government.  Land divisions  On-site sanitary systems The City of Algoma understands the importance of intergovernmental School Districts cooperation and is undertaking its The public school district encompasses an comprehensive planning process with area larger than the planning area. The special attention to the planning goals of district is comprised of Algoma Elementary Kewaunee County and other neighboring School, Algoma Middle School, Algoma municipalities. Duplication of services and High School, and Lakeview Regional difficulties in achieving planning goals often Technical Academy, which is backed by result if neighboring units of government fail Northeast Wisconsin Technical College. The to coordinate their efforts. Government District serves approximately 730 students services and planning strategies can be from early childhood through twelfth grade. strengthened if local governmental units form cooperative relationships. Quasi-Governmental Units The City is a member of the Bay Lake Regional Planning Commission (RPC), a multi-service planning organization established under Chapter 66.0309 of the Wisconsin Statutes. The organization strives to coordinate planning efforts among the municipalities and counties within its regional territory. Some examples of services

86 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Intergovernmental Cooperation provided by the RPC include Intergovernmental Cooperation

 Comprehensive community Current Intergovernmental Agreements planning, As of 2017, the City of Algoma is party to the  Zoning and subdivision ordinances, following intergovernmental programs:  Grant writing,  Geographic information system map  Towns of Ahnapee and Pierce: The production, City currently holds extra-territorial  Revolving loan fund administration, jurisdiction as a Class 4 city, allowing and ; it to exercise plat review and land  Economic development planning. division exercises within 1.5 miles of its borders extending into both The City should also explore entering into a communities. cooperative agreement with Kewaunee County Economic Development  Kewaunee County: The City entered Corporation to provide economic into an intergovernmental development services such as: agreement in December 2016 that made the County responsible for the  Business Recruitment and Expansion care and maintenance of a bridge  Business Park Development located on CTH S in the City of  Economic Development grant Algoma where the road crosses the writing and servicing Ahnapee River. The City also agreed to furnish $32,000 for the construction of a new bridge with pedestrian sidewalks. The funds will be paid in six annual installments beginning in January 2018.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Intergovernmental Cooperation 87 Protection Agency to ensure Goal, Objectives, compliance with water quality regulations, and ensure the health and Actions vitality of stream corridors and the Ahnapee River. Goal 4. The City Council or its representative (as Promote cooperation between the City of the responsible party) meet annually Algoma and any other governmental and work with the Regional Planning agency that makes decisions influencing Commission or other planning agencies the City and the planning area, and the on city, county and/or regional planning Lake Michigan waterfront. activities.

Objectives

1. Develop coordination and sharing/joint ownership of community facilities, equipment, and other services whenever possible.

2. Work with neighboring communities regarding land uses which are adjacent to Algoma and within the planning area.

3. Improve citizen participation with neighboring communities regarding meetings, workshops, mutual planning endeavors.

4. Promote cooperation and coordination with Kewaunee County regarding any county planning efforts.

Actions

1. Coordinate with the surrounding Towns of Ahnapee and Pierce on future planning projects to best maintain the character of the surrounding area.

2. Work cooperatively with surrounding municipalities to address possible boundary issues to minimize conflicts, to include staying aware of issues or regulations that would impact development within the planning area such as Conservation by Design funding options, etc.

3. The City Council or its representative (as the responsible party) should monitor/work with the DNR, Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental

88 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Intergovernmental Cooperation LAND USE Additionally, the Sign Section of the Zoning Executive SummaryLand Use Text Code has not been updated in recent years. Considering signage can be a barrier to small business development, this section The land use portion of this Plan is intended will need to be reviewed and discussed to present information on the current (2017) between the Plan Commission and local land use within Algoma and its business owners. The Plan Commission will extraterritorial area, and also to articulate need to complete a more in-depth revision the direction for future growth and of the Sign Ordinance to comply with the development within the incorporated area United States Supreme Court ruling in Reed of Algoma and its unincorporated V. Town of Gilbert. extraterritorial area of one and one half miles (1½) outside the current municipal The online zoning map also does not reflect boundary. the correct zoning for the business park. The The goals, objectives and actions within this Business park should be designated as C-2 chapter, along with the demographic Commercial, office/business park, however trends detailed earlier within this document, it is designated as A - Agricultural. will be utilized to develop a projection of Algoma’s current zoning shall be reviewed future land use demands and assist in and updated to be made consistent with guiding the selection of future locations for this comprehensive plan and any specific types of land uses. The future land subsequent updates to this plan. use map is essential for the City and community to understand the expected Algoma Subdivision Ordinance land use patterns. Existing Land Use Controls Algoma’s Subdivision and Platting ordinance is contained in Chapter 19 of the Zoning Code city’s Code of Ordinances. The purpose of this ordinance is to regulate the division of The City of Algoma zoning code is land into lots and parcels for development contained in Chapter 18 of the city’s code to promote the public health, safety and of ordinances. The purpose of the code is to general welfare; to further the orderly layout promote the public health, safety, and and use of land; to prevent the general welfare. The ordinance currently overcrowding of land; to facilitate divides Algoma into 14 zones (five residential adequate provision for water, sewerage zones, four commercial zones, three and other public requirements, etc. The manufacturing zones, an agricultural zone, ordinance regulates any division of land and a public and semi-public zone. within Algoma or its extraterritorial plat approval jurisdiction which results in a The City of Algoma successfully modernized subdivision. Along with any other land use its zoning map that can be easily updated control, the Subdivision and Platting and is more accessible. Ordinance 783-2015 ordinance shall be reviewed and updated was passed reducing the number of zoning to be made consistent with this Plan and districts. However, the online zoning code any subsequent updates to this Plan. and zoning tables do not reflect this Kewaunee County Subdivision Ordinance ordinance update. This is a barrier for economic development when developers The Kewaunee County Subdivision are looking at the zoning code and need to Ordinance applies only to the shoreland know what is allowed. The City should look areas of Kewaunee County, defined as to update the entire zoning code to reflect being within 300 feet of a navigable many changes in case laws in regards to waterway or 1,000 feet of a lake, pond or the definition used. flowage. Any lands within the distances

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specified are also under County control and Kewaunee County Farmland Preservation the Kewaunee County Subdivision Plan Ordinance. The general purpose of the ordinance is to provide for the safe and The Kewaunee County Farmland orderly design and development of Preservation Plan (FPP) was completed as subdivisions within the shoreland area. part of the Kewaunee County 20-year Comprehensive Plan in 2016.The Farmland Official Map Preservation Plan details Kewaunee County’s continuing effort to participate in An Official Map is intended to implement the State’s Farmland Preservation Program Algoma’s plan for streets, highways, and establishes a policy for continued parkways, parks and playgrounds and support of farmland preservation, drainage ways. Its basic purpose is to agricultural development, and the prohibit the construction of buildings or encouragement of a healthy agricultural structures and their associated economy in the future. FPP contains goals, improvements on land that has been objectives, and programs that can assist designated for current or future public use. with well planned growth that also maintains Algoma’s Official Map was last revised in a strong agricultural tradition, preserves December 2002 and illustrates the future valuable natural resources, and minimizes growth of Algoma. The map should follow conflicts between farm and non-farm land the concepts created by a general plan uses in the county. Additionally, areas within design. the towns are designated as farmland preservation areas and non-farmland preservation areas. Map 12 illustrates the area surrounding the City of Algoma that is designated as farmland preservation areas. Map 12: Farmland Preservation Areas

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan |Land Use 91 Contaminated Sites There are 26 closed sites and two open sites in the City of Algoma. Both open sites are Identification of brownfield sites is an ERP sites (Map 13). important consideration in forming an appropriate land use plan, in fostering economic development, and in ensuring a clean and healthy environment. Cleanup and redevelopment of brownfield sites makes sense by returning abandoned or under-utilized properties to the tax rolls and to productive use. Redevelopment of brownfield sites also makes optimal use of existing infrastructure.

The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources maintains the Bureau of Remediation and Redevelopment Tracking System (BRRTS) database, which was searched to identify contaminated sites. Types of contaminated sites on BRRTS include leaking underground storage tank (LUST) sites, Environmental Repair Program (ERP) sites, and emergency response spill sites.

Map 13: Brownfield Sites

92 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Land Use Existing Land Use Patterns As discussed before, Algoma land use is predominately Natural Areas (38%) and Land use is a broad term that describes the Agricultural (35%). The third predominate general nature of the activity that exists or land use is residential (10%), Figure 12 may occur on a parcel. Zoning is specific set illustrates this. Commercial land use of regulations that narrowly defines the accounts for less than one percent of the specific uses, as well as setbacks, height, land use. When comparing developed land floor area ratios, and other site only, residential land use is the predominant characteristics. For example, a residential land use (44%), Figure 13 illustrates this. More land use category might include singly- than 49% of the area is zoned for residential, family and multi-family zoning districts. The 27%is zoned for agricultural, and 11% is existing land use patterns for the City of zoned for manufacturing/industrial. Algoma Land Use Map on the following page.

Figure 12: City of Algoma Land Use (all Figure 13: City of Algoma Land Use (developed lands) lands)

Agriculture/Silviculture 7% Commercial 10% 27% 2% 37% Communication/Utilities

Industrial 49%

Institutional/Governmental 7% Facilities 38% Natural Areas 1% 11% 6% 0% Outdoor Recreation 3% 2% Residential

Transportation

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Land Use Conflicts family homes are recommended to share the same neighborhood. This is Conflicts often develop over time when done through careful planning and certain land uses are located design resulting in higher densities inappropriately or where adequate without any noticeable change in the buffering is not provided between neighborhood character. In addition, conflicting land uses. As an example, single family dwellings and multi-family industrial land uses have characteristics structures are encouraged to be associated with them that can potentially developed in similar locales. be viewed as a nuisance by surrounding residents including noise, dust, odors, and 2. The rehabilitation of existing residential truck traffic. The City should make sure new structures is encouraged. In older developments do not create any conflicts. portions of the city, an emphasis should be placed on structures are in need of Future Land Use repair. The city should work with property owners for the preservation of historical The future land use is structured around structures or structures of architectural existing conditions, public feedback, staff significance. The rehabilitation should be feedback, development goals and as similar to the original style and objectives. The Future Land Use map architecture, and should maintain the (Appendix A) illustrates the proposed character of the surrounding scheme for land use development. This map neighborhood. Residents should is discussed in the following sections for continue to be provided with each land use category. As discussed the educational materials and information future land use patterns are not expected to on financial programs and on home be different from the existing land use repairs. patterns with a few minor exceptions. 3. Ensure that there is adequate housing is Residential available for all persons. Housing should This category identifies areas of existing one be promoted for people with low to and two family developments, or currently moderate income, the elderly, and zoned as such within the city limits. The residents with special needs. A mix of recommendation is to maintain these areas new housing is recommended, including as single and two family developments for starter homes, making home ownership the 20 year planning period and encourage more attainable by lowering costs and appropriate infill development. expenses. Rehabilitation of existing structures in these areas is also recommended where needed. 4. Elderly and assisted care housing facilities (single or two-family) are Residents want to see investment in the recommended near the downtown homes near the downtown. There is area. Downtown Algoma has various potential for townhomes and apartment public amenities nearby for special buildings. needs citizens and it is a pedestrian friendly area. Facilities available in the The following are recommendations for the downtown area include shopping, open residential areas. space and park areas, religious establishments, etc. 1. New development should correspond with the existing neighborhood 5. Future residential developments shall be residential types to avoid sensitive to natural features within the incompatibilities and to minimize city and its extraterritorial area. potential negative impacts in existing Environmentally sensitive lands in new neighborhoods. Duplexes and single- areas of development should be

94 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Land Use preserved to the greatest extent possible Mixed-use to preserve the wildlife habitat and The Future Land Use Map calls for mixed-use promote these lands for recreational areas in the downtown in the block of 1st uses within and around the city. Lands and 2nd between Clark Street and Steele within the environmental corridors along Street, along Michigan Street, and along 4th Silver Creek are recommended for a Street between Clark Street and Freemont common space to recreate as Street. These areas shall remain the focal residential development occurs. In point of Algoma since much its historic addition, Algoma should continue its character is located in this general vicinity. efforts in planting and maintenance of These mixed-use areas should blend the community’s trees which earned it residential, commercial, cultural, institutional the Tree City USA label. where those functions are physically and functionally integrated, and that provides 6. Promote adaptive re-use. When existing pedestrian connections. homes become vacated, the city should promote these vacant structures Example of Neighborhood Level Mixed Use Building for a beneficial use (e.g. affordable housing) versus building new dwellings, through available financing.

7. Continue its policy of requiring annexation prior to extending municipal water and sewer to areas surrounding the city.

8. Work with adjacent municipalities regarding developments on the City’s periphery. The City should work with the surrounding towns to determine potential boundary conflicts and explore new development techniques which maintain a balance between green space and new development.

9. Promote the development of housing choices that are appropriate for empty- nesters and young seniors, young professionals, and young families.

10. Promote high density uses to be located near community amenities. Multi-family apartments within Algoma should be located near public open spaces or park lands with trails and other pedestrian linkages integrated into all site designs.

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Commercial occupations as a viable economic The majority of the city’s new commercial resource. This plan intends to have development should be directed to the compatible businesses remain as home- downtown area, along portions of the based throughout the city - which are Algoma River, along Highway 54, and in the those described as being not discernible Business Park located off Sunset Avenue. The from the road or edge of property residents want to see investment in the except with the use of a small sign. downtown businesses. Those businesses that have discernible traffic, noise, odor, outside storage are The following are recommendations for the to be considered a commercial use and commercial areas. required to be within a commercially designated area. This will assist in 1. The commercial area in the downtown maintaining the character of the will remain intact and should primarily be residential neighborhoods along with Neighborhood commercial and offices. minimizing conflicts. 2. The physical design of the downtown 7. Whenever possible, existing vacant area should be made compatible by structures should be utilized for more managing the transitions between new viable uses. Structures in the downtown and existing buildings so as not to area that are outdated should be detract from the character of considered for adaptive re-use, downtown. Redevelopment in this area converting the structure to a more should maintain similar scale, design economically viable use. For example, standards, signage, etc. old factories, warehouses or municipal 3. Continue to revitalize the downtown by structures could be converted into working with Wisconsin Economic residential uses. Development Corporation to be part of 8. The majority of commercial the Connect Communities. There are no development will locate within the communities in Kewaunee County, Door downtown area; however development County, or Manitowoc County that are or commercial uses along STH 54 and part of this initiative. Sturgeon Bay is the STH 42 are envisioned to continue. It is only Main Street Community in the area. expected that a mix of the future The area is also recommended to be commercial will locate along these enhanced to make walking safer by significant highways in a linear pattern ensuring areas are clean and well-lit and scattered along the route. Clustered offer pedestrian amenities, such as sites at intersections currently exist at the benches, that encourage foot traffic. main intersection of STH 42 and 54. The 4. Preserve existing neighborhood section of Highway 54 between commercial during the planning period. Evergreen Drive and Sunset Ave is Preserve neighborhood businesses within currently agricultural but has potential Algoma. for highway commercial. Highway commercial developments should have 5. Require all new developments adjacent ample landscaping to break-up the to residential neighborhoods to be of parking areas as well as to shield the similar scale and style of the surrounding view from the highway and do not residential properties. These small-scale negatively impact neighboring businesses may be similar to those found residential properties. It is important for in the downtown area but, are also the City to closely involve itself in the allowed to be mixed with other land use design of future establishments through types found in the city. building scale and appearance, and to ensure that its major transportation 6. Promote and encourage home-based corridors are not cluttered with

96 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Land Use distracting and potentially dangerous for its signage. Several sign designs, intersections. Each project will need to Billboards, along with signs that are be scrutinized on a case by case basis. inflatable, glittering, flashing, rippling, sparkling, strings of lights, made with 9. Enhance Algoma’s major entryways to tinsel, “pom poms”, pinwheels, better protect Algoma’s identity. STH 54 pennants, banners, and streamers can and STH 42 are the major “doorways” to have the potential to degrade the city’s the city and should receive the most entryways (“doorways”) and need to be scrutiny when being developed. Building limited in these areas. It is also facades, architectural styles, signage, recommended that changeable lighting, and landscaping need to lettering, electronic messaging, and reflect the city’s character before vibrant colors be prohibited because development is allowed. they are often deemed disruptive. Recommended commercial signage for these areas should provide a common 13. Encourage and promote waterfront theme. All lighting shall be properly commercial businesses to attract tourists. shielded so light shining outward and Waterfront commercial developments upward does not inhibit the nighttime have the potential to draw interest from views or negatively impact surrounding the tourist population. Businesses such as developments. Landscaping shall be artist shops, craft stores, etc. that are composed of natural vegetation and indicative of the city of Algoma and shall buffer commercial parking lots as nearby areas are possibilities. well as be integrated into the parking area to break up large expanses of 14. Encourage waterfront commercial asphalt/concrete. It is important for development east of Second Street to Algoma to control these aspects of the waterfront, and along the Ahnapee commercial use, for an area filled with River. These areas are recommended for blaring lights, competing for signage, developments that are reflective of the and vast areas of asphalt and concrete surrounding land and do not create distract drivers, detract from the look of conflicts with other adjacent uses. the city and create a negative vision for Possible developments include a the remainder of the community. restaurant, residential condominiums, tourist shops, etc. 10. Access to the highway commercial areas should be maintained to one or two areas and not individual lots along Example of Regional or Highway level commercial the highway. This will assist with more efficient traffic flow and provide for better safety.

11. Ensure that the proper services and utilities are provided to future commercial sites. The city will continue to monitor the capacities of the existing services to ensure that the services provided are as effective and efficient as reasonably possible.

12. Commercial signage will continue to be controlled. The City should need to review and possibly strengthen its sign controls under general zoning. The City should recommend a city-wide theme

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan |Land Use 97 Industrial classification, industrial developments This plan allows industrial uses which reflect should follow design standards to the character of Algoma and do not maintain/enhance the aesthetics of negatively impact the surrounding land or its Algoma. The City should develop a set uses. It also supports all existing industrial of standards for industries regarding uses which are expected to remain landscaping, building design, lighting, throughout the 20 year planning period and parking, signage, etc. directs new industry to the existing industrial parks. The designated industrial areas should 4. Lessen potential conflicts between be managed in such a way that enhances industrial developments and residential the aesthetics of Algoma. This is especially development. The types of industry that important for areas on Algoma’s edge and locate near residential developments along the highways that serve as the shall be encouraged for light industrial entryways to Algoma. development. The industry should have minimal or no truck traffic to limit The following are recommendations for the conflicts, along with improved safety industrial areas. near residential activities.

1. New industries are encouraged to utilize 5. Require site buffers to prevent vacated structures, whenever possible. incompatibilities with existing land uses. The city should have discussions with Industrial developments near residential potential industries regarding the developments shall incorporate buffers possible use of existing vacant structures, to lessen conflicts and maintain the rather than constructing new industrial character of the adjacent facilities. neighborhoods.

2. Any new industrial developments, as 6. Redevelopment of existing industrial well as any future expansions, shall be sites. Algoma also has several existing reviewed closely. This is to ensure they environmentally contaminated sites (see do not negatively impact or alter Chapter 4 for a list of these sites). The neighboring uses (especially residential City should complete the assessment neighborhoods) or the environment. and cleanup of these sites and utilizing New industrial development should fit them for more productive uses. The City with the scale of Algoma, provide should have these individual sites diversity, is environmentally friendly, etc. evaluated and devise a plan for the Also, the City will need to monitor the redevelopment of contaminated areas. provision of utilities and services to new Since the nature of the contamination industrial sites to ensure their adequacy. and clean up for these areas differs by The types of industrial uses allowed site, the redevelopment plans for each according to the City’s zoning specific site may also differ. ordinance should be reviewed to determine if some uses do not comply with the city’s vision for industrial development.

3. Enhance Algoma’s major entryways to better protect Algoma’s identity. The state highways that enter Algoma are the major “doorways” to Algoma. Thus industrial sites should receive scrutiny when being developed since they are or would be viewable while entering Algoma. As with the commercial

98 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Land Use Institutional/Governmental Facilities Outdoor Recreation This Plan identifies the Algoma City Hall, This Plan promotes the existing recreational other government buildings, fire facilities, trails, parks and open spaces within department, public institutions, utility sites Algoma. These uses are expected to remain (water towers, sewer treatment, and available to the residents throughout the 20 recycling center), churches, cemeteries year planning period and will ensure that etc. existing and future neighborhoods within Algoma are served with park facilities, The following are recommendations for the providing a variety of parks ranging from Institutional/Governmental Facilities areas. passive to active.

1. The City should continually explore 1. Algoma’s outdoor recreation plan was options for future recycling services and last completed in 1992. With expansion disposal of solid waste, which could be of Algoma and new parks being more cost effective and more efficient. created, the City is encouraged to update this Recreation Plan in order to 2. Maintenance of the existing be eligible for grants. governmental/institutional facilities is recommended in order to maintain their 2. Include small neighborhood parks as visual appearance and historical neighborhoods develop. appeal. This also includes the maintenance and upgrade of the 3. As neighborhoods develop a small Algoma Youth Club facilities. neighborhood park is recommended. The city will monitor the residential 3. . Future locations of utilities shall be developments in order to determine the sensitive to developed areas as well as need for additional recreational the aesthetics of the city. High tension facilities. New recreational areas should wires, transformer substations, provide for both passive and active communication towers, highway recreation. The areas that should be structures, etc. can have quite a monitored closely are the sites negative effect on adjoining uses. Many recommended for residential are put in because of ease of the development in the northwestern and location or because they are central to northeastern portions of Algoma. the area but many do not consider the effects they have on adjoining property 4. The potential exists for a potential park values, their views, etc. area along the south side of Ahnapee River near the Algoma Hardwoods.  Transmission lines shall not Ensure this is taken into consideration for unnecessarily cross over/through future developments. residential developments in the city or areas set aside for natural 5. Utilize defined environmental corridors as resource protection or recreation. possible recreational sites. This will help Likewise, utility lines shall be preserve the many natural features encouraged to follow edges of located within and around Algoma, the natural features (that parallel roads) wildlife habitat and could provide for rather than roadways to maintain possible linkages to trails. This is best aesthetics of the city by minimizing illustrated is in the northwestern portion their negative visual effects. of Algoma recommended for new development. Lands within the  Types of substations shall be heavily environmental corridors along Silver screened with natural vegetation Creek are recommended for a common from neighboring properties and space to recreate as residential roadways for aesthetic purposes. development occurs

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6. Promote the Ahnapee Trail and Ice-Age Transportation Trail. Continue to promote these trails as The transportation network in Algoma is viable recreational resources. Update more than adequate, given the network of the Ahnapee Trailhead. Promote city roads, various county highways, and underwater recreation. Algoma will several state highways (54 and 42) that are promote the recreational scuba diving found within the city. The role that the major site on Lake Michigan, just off of Three roadway corridors play in organizing the city Mile Creek, located south of Algoma. should be highlighted using streetscape, landscape, and building placement 7. Cooperation in planning park and guidelines that reinforce the particular recreational facilities. If future character and function of the corridors. In recreational development occurs, it is addition, the plan envisions the city recommended that the City cooperate addressing the following: with developing agency(ies) and Kewaunee County and the Towns of 1. Update the city’s “Official Map” to Pierce and Ahnapee to promote delineate future road extensions. The connectivity of recreational uses such as Official Map should be consulted when trails, especially linking residential areas the City Plan Commission and City to nearby parks, and other trail systems. Council reviews development requests These parks shall be accessible to all to ensure that all new developments residents including those with disabilities. conform to the Official Map. In addition all new subdivision’s streets must 8. Implement the recommendations from conform to the Official Map by the 2009 Waterfront Development Plan extending to identified intersections. to enhance and preserve the overall appearance of the waterfront 2. Continue to ensure that minimum properties. The Waterfront Development transportation standards are met for Plan should be used to determine areas new developments. This is especially for preservation and maintenance that important along the major roadways will enhance the overall appearance of (STH 54 and STH 42) which should be the park and recreational areas highlighted using streetscape, and associated with the water features building placement guidelines, etc. within and adjacent to Algoma. The waterfront plan should address the types 3. Address the pedestrian and bicycle of uses allowed along with suggested safety problems near the schools and locations, design standards, near the retail/commercial landscaping, lighting, etc. establishments. 4. Encourage both pedestrian and vehicular movement throughout the downtown area.

5. Continue to maintain the sidewalks throughout the city by utilizing the city’s sidewalk plan to help ensure efficient and safe pedestrian movement.

6. Explore traffic calming techniques at trouble intersections including accessibility throughout Algoma.

7. Continue to monitor the conditions of streets and bridges and maintain them as needed;

100 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Land Use 8. It is also highly recommended that Natural Areas Algoma continue to utilize the PASER Many natural features are either unsuitable pavement rating system. The information for development, enhance the appearance derived from the PASER survey is used to of Algoma, improve natural processes such assess the overall condition of road as flood control, water retention or pavements and to determine Algoma’s groundwater recharge. Wetlands, road maintenance, restoration and floodplains, the various water features within construction needs. and around Algoma are all significant natural features for Algoma.

Example of Traffic Calming Curvilinear Road 1. This Plan recommends that the environmental corridors within Algoma and its 1.5 mile planning area remain in their natural state or be minimally modified for possible recreational uses. The environmental corridors are represented by four elements including; (1) 100-year floodplains as defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), (2) DNR wetlands, (3) steep slopes of 12 percent or greater, (4) and a water setback for buildings from all navigable waterways. These four elements provide serious limitations to Example of Bike and Pedestrian Improvements development and the floodplains, wetlands and the building setback are generally regulated by either the federal, state, or county government. Together, these elements represent the areas of the city that are most sensitive to development and are intended to be preserved. The corridors are an overlay to the recommended plan (Map 6) and should be utilized as a reference showing these sensitive areas.

2. Educate residents on conservation practices and include private and public agencies to assist Algoma in Example of Bike and Pedestrian Improvements preservation techniques. The community survey identified that it is important to the residents to preserve/restore the natural habitat within and around Algoma. Gathering education materials from preservation groups as well as agencies in charge of natural resource control will be very helpful in educating the public to the benefits of preservation. Information detailing the existence of agencies willing to compensate property owners for their development rights as well as information on sources of money to help

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purchase sensitive lands should be Agriculture presented. This classification is primarily found in the southern portion of Algoma where several 3. Utilize natural areas to enhance new acres of wetlands exist with portions of residential areas. It is encouraged that agricultural lands. These areas will continue the City preserves large natural areas until Algoma has a need to convert it to a and/or features within possible higher best use. developments to enhance/retain buffers near residential uses. This is envisioned to The majority of these lands are found in occur in the northwestern portion of the Algoma’s 1.5 mile planning area. These city where new residential development areas will remain for agricultural purposes is recommended. By using the mapped and/or developments rural in nature Environmental Corridors, Algoma will throughout the 20 year planning period until recommend common space/open area a time it can be converted to a higher best that will prohibit future developments use. Other lands in the periphery include from disrupting the city’s remaining natural features, woodlands, recreational natural areas. These areas along Silver and scattered development. Densities in this Creek should be utilized for open classification will generally be low in order to spaces, developing trails, walkways, and preserve the rural nature of the planning other recreational resources. area.

Agricultural uses should be buffered from existing city development to limit incompatible land uses and limit nuisance complaints. For any proposed development within areas designated for agricultural use, the City Planning Commission and City Council will decide and a case-by-case basis which proposed subdivisions should be allowed. Through the use of Algoma’s Extraterritorial Planning Jurisdiction, the City could deny any proposed subdivision planned for the extraterritorial area that does not fit with Algoma’s future vision.

102 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Land Use Opportunities for Redevelopment Anticipated Land Use Trends

The City has a fair amount of land available Analyzing data within previous chapters, land within its boundaries for development the following land use trends were and redevelopment. Considering the developed for the planning period. It is population is expected to slowly decline expected that these trends will influence over the next ten years, there is not a Algoma’s future growth and preservation. demand to develop into the open, vacant The City will need to address these trends or agricultural land. If development is over the next two decades in order to necessary, there is an opportunity for infill reach the desired vision. The following land development. Residents identified areas in use trends were used to provide direction the downtown for upkeep and in the development of the Future Land Use maintenance issues along with areas for Map, along with Algoma’s goals, rehabilitation. objectives, and actions, the issue identification and the city-wide survey The demand for commercial and industrial results. lands in Algoma has been relatively slow the last ten years. The previous General Design 1. Existing neighborhoods of higher density Plan (Future Land Use) had projected the development will continue as new areas commercial area to expand in the on the periphery of the city develop at downtown. However, the existing land use is lower densities. almost identical to the previous land use plan. There is an undeveloped business park 2. The natural features of Algoma will in the southwest area of Algoma off Sunset continue to be maintained, preserving Avenue. the natural vegetative structure resulting in the protection of wildlife habitats. Algoma has several key areas for redevelopment within city limits as 3. Fourth Street and the surrounding mentioned in the economic development downtown area will continue to be the and housing chapter. Areas with the focus of multipurpose commercial possibility for redevelopment include: activity (residences, small retail, professional services, general purpose  Downtown business and residential sites shopping) that are beyond repair should be redeveloped in a way that maintains the 4. Businesses will continue to rely on both overall downtown character, including transient traffic and local area residents scale, architectural styles, etc. for business sales.

 Target blighted areas within existing 5. Commercial uses will likely continue to neighborhoods for rehabilitation in such increase along main transportation a manner that maintains the existing corridors (STH 42 and STH 54) to character of the surrounding capitalize on good visibility and ease of neighborhood. access.

 Evaluate and encourage a detailed 6. Algoma will experience a demand in waterfront development plan that will services as the median population age recommend new development, and increases. redevelopment and enhancement of existing land uses.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan |Land Use 103 Amending the Future Land Use Map Goal, Objectives, From time to time it will be appropriate to consider amendments to the Future Land Actions Use Map. If a project is proposed that is inconsistent with the Future Land Use Map. It Goal is best practice in these situations to amend the plan, so that the City can continue to Modernize the zoning ordinance and other grow in accordance with the Plan as land division ordinances. adopted. The City should make sure that the development does not create any Objective conflicts. The proposed land use should be compatible with adjacent uses, especially Update the zoning ordinance and other existing residential neighborhoods. The land division ordinances to be up to date proposed land use will not adversely affect with current laws and allow for flexibility in important natural features such as wetlands, land use floodplains, steep slopes, scenic vistas or significant woodlands. Actions

1. Update the online zoning code and zoning tables to reflect ordinance 783- 2015 that was passed reducing the number of zoning districts.

2. Update the entire zoning code to reflect many changes in case law in regards to definitions used

3. The Planning Commission needs to review the Sign Ordinance to comply with the United States Supreme Court ruling in Reed V. Town of Gilbert .

4. Review and update the zoning code to be made consistent this Plan and subsequent updates to this Plan.

5. Review and update the Subdivision and Platting Ordinance to be made consistent with this Plan and any subsequent updates to this Plan.

6. Revise zoning code to ensure adequate landscape screening “buffer” should be provided between commercial uses and adjacent noncommercial uses.

7. Ensure the Official Map is up-to-date and follows the concepts created by the Future Land Use map.

104 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Land Use Goal 7. Prior to designating new areas for growth, it shall be shown that the new Promote future development that will meet development is consistent with this Plan. the needs of the city while protecting and enhancing its visual and historical character, 8. Ensure new developments do not create promoting environmental protection, any conflicts. conserving natural resources, meeting the needs of social and economic forces, providing for adequate services and Objectives: Residential facilities, and ensuring compatibility of future land. 1. Strive to maintain the stability and integrity of existing neighborhoods while Objectives encouraging the development of new residential areas sufficient to meet the 1. Ensure that all growth and development housing needs of the projected occurs in a planned and coordinated population. manner that will maintain or improve the quality of life associated with the 2. Provide for sufficient densities within the character of the city for both existing planning area to meet the current and and future residents. future needs of the local population.

2. Maintain the historical look of the 3. A community that is characterized by existing downtown commercial district. stable neighborhoods, a variety of housing types and densities, pedestrian Actions accessibility of neighborhoods and parks/parkways, inclusion of open green 1. Utilize the Comprehensive Plan as an spaces within developments, new illustration of the city’s overall trailways, and environmental protection development policy. is most desired. 2. Allow future development in an orderly Actions way to allow for proper distribution of community services. 1. Protect residential neighborhoods from 3. Work with the Towns of Ahnapee and impacts of non-residential uses not Pierce, and Kewaunee County to ensure appropriate for the neighborhood. compatible growth within Algoma’s Residential areas should be distanced, extraterritorial area. buffered, or otherwise mitigated from physical hazards, unhealthy conditions, 4. Work with the surrounding towns to and protected from traffic, noise, and determine potential boundary conflicts incompatible uses. and explore new development techniques which maintain a balance 2. Modify existing codes to ensure Infill between green space and new development is compatible with the development. established neighborhood through transitions in housing density, screening, 5. Develop design standards to be or other appropriate methods. followed by developers in planning their projects. 3. Provide, through land use regulations, the potential for a broad range of 6. Maintain the Algoma’s identity and housing choices to meet the needs of character by utilizing prominent edges the community. which distinguish Algoma from the surrounding communities.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan |Land Use 105 4. Ensure new housing is located in areas 5. Maintain similar scale, design standards, that conform to Algoma’s official map signage, etc. in all downtown for street layouts and are easily redevelopment. accessible to public services (water, sewer, etc.). 6. Consider adaptive reuse for structures in the downtown. 5. Ensure housing developments conform to the zoning districts that they are contained within. Modified Objectives: Industrial conformance standards will be considered in areas that have been 1. Provide planned locations for industrial designated for conservation subdivision parks and/or business parks that have designs. access to major traffic routes but are appropriate for the character of the 6. Direct elderly and assisted care housing city. By focusing development in these facilities near the downtown area. specific areas, the character of Algoma will be better served.

Objectives: Mixed-use and Commercial 2. Continue to diversify Algoma’s industrial base. Encourage harmonious and well-planned commercial development which will serve 3. Direct future industrial uses to locations the needs of the city and area residents, within Algoma where it is deemed tourists and the specialized needs of the desirable by the City. rural areas. 4. Industrial uses should not be intermixed Actions with retail commercial sales, residential, governmental, or institutional uses. 1. Ensure development is placed in areas already characterized by commercial development and where Algoma Actions services and facilities are available. 1. Revise the existing zoning code to 2. Ready access to adequate public water ensure industrial development does not supply, public sanitary sewer service, detract from the community’s stormwater drainage facilities, electrical appearance, over burden community power, natural gas supplies, and services of the city nor clutter any “Door communications should be available. Way” into the city.

3. Revise code to ensure points of vehicle 2. The city should consider developing a entry and exit should be properly set of design standards for located and controlled to prevent industrial/business park settings. safety problems and traffic congestion on adjacent arterial streets. Adjacent  Revise the zoning code to require streets should be capable of landscaping and fencing to establish accommodating the increased traffic a clear edge along the side of the associated with commercial site that is visible to motorists and development. others passing by or viewing the site;

4. Ensure future and existing commercial  Design entries to the site as establishments in Algoma are gateways for vehicular entrances, developed/renovated according to marked with decorative items or existing regulations (design standards, other features more prominent overlay regulations, etc.). relative to the other features

106 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Land Use surrounding the site or road. The Objective: Natural and Cultural Resources construction materials should be similar to those used for the building 1. Encourage preservation of water and other site amenities; resources, unique open spaces, and other cultural and natural resources  Establish lighting and sign controls while furthering the integration of allowing for soft lighting (limited only existing natural areas (contiguous to the site) and signs that fit woodlands, meadows, open spaces, Algoma’s character; etc) into site designs creating environmental corridors throughout  During site plan review ensure road Algoma for wildlife habitat and/or drainage is integrating with site pedestrian linkages. design; 2. Promote residential subdivisions that  Encourage landscaping continuity relate to natural and cultural features. not fragmentation;

 Whenever possible, save existing Actions trees;  Utilize double or single rows of trees 1. Utilize the environmental corridor or shrubs when a visual screen is designation of the General Plan Design needed; to promote/preserve wildlife habitat and trails where appropriate.  Make service areas attractive; and 2. Continue to maintain the beaches and  Make vehicle entrances appealing other natural areas along the Lake to motorists. Michigan shoreline for aesthetic purposes and for recreation uses. 3. Ensure industrial sites have available adequate water, sanitary sewer, 3. Preserve buildings (churches, historic stormwater drainage natural gas and homes and buildings), structures electric supplies. (bridges, etc.) and other landscape features (cemeteries, etc.) that are 4. Industrial park sites shall have direct Algoma’s cultural history. access to an arterial and highway system. 4. Promote and improve trail systems within natural corridors developed with a 5. Industrial sites shall have adequate number of connecting points to existing buffering from adjacent non-industrial pedestrian paths/sidewalks. uses. 5. Carefully control the types of 6. Industrial park sites shall have adequate developments within and adjacent to points of entry and exit, an internal street the comprehensive plan’s identified system, along with adequate off-street environmental corridors (depicted on parking and loading facilities. the General Plan Design) by establishing an overlay district, or by rezoning the lands to the Conservancy District

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan |Land Use 107

Objective: Community Services

1. Maintain adequate public services throughout the planning period in order to reach the desired vision of this plan regarding future land use development.

Actions

1. The City Planning Commission and City Council will continue to monitor services provided to Algoma residents and explore options of maintaining/improving upon the level of existing services.

2. The City Planning Commission and City Council will work with the adjoining towns and Kewaunee County to help provide future services as effectively and efficiently as reasonably possible.

3. Continue to address the facility and program needs of the elderly population and those approaching senior status.

108 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Land Use IMPLEMENTATION objective(s) and action items. The subject ExecutiveImplementation Summary Text implementation focus areas are: • Economic Development

Strategic Work Plan • Planning

The following pages include a 5-year strategic • Placemaking work plan to guide implementation of the Comprehensive Plan. The work plan is sorted by • Programming the core recommendations, with multiple objectives and action items. This work plan is • Connectivity intended to serve as a guide for both the City and its partners, and to be feasible given existing Strategic One-Year Work Plan budgets and staffing. A supplemental one year The one-year work plan is an example of how work plan is also included which further pulling items out of the 5-year strategic work plan subdivides activities into specific tasks which can according to priority and available resources be assigned to individual committees or groups. can create a yearly schedule and checklist to While the plan attempts to provide a sufficient ensure actions are taken at appropriate times level of detail to focus and guide efforts, it also and build upon prior successes. Mapping out a includes sufficient flexibility to allow the City to yearly strategy also builds flexibility into the plan- adapt to the requirements of future funders or to if specific actions or items require additional time attract partners who will be able to take (or less time) than anticipated, the schedule can ownership of individual initiatives. be adjusted accordingly. As seen on the example one year work plan on the following Elements included in the work plan are pages, the first few months of the year are the sequenced, with longer term items building on most active, including several new initiatives and the success of previous initiatives to sustain contacts, and the workload eases up throughout momentum, leverage outside funding streams the year to allow for maintenance of on-going and ensure a coordinated focus within each of actions and refinement or growth of initiatives as the core areas. Within the work plan, each they gain momentum. action item is associated with a specific timeframe, anticipated cost and potential implementation and funding partners. In order to Goal, Objectives, further guide efforts, the individual action items are classified as high, medium and low priority. Actions Given the limited staffing and resources, this prioritization will allow the City Staff to focus first Goal on high priority items, addressing lower priority items as time allows or by recruiting local partners Ensure consistency with the provisions to take the lead in these areas. articulated in Section 66.1001 of the

Typical implementation plans group tasks or Wisconsin Statutes in order to best protect action items by many typical planning topics, the interests of all of its residents and to such as land use, design, transportation, transit, follow an orderly and cost-efficient method parks, open space, etc., with only a few loosely of development. connected subtasks. However, this implementation plan groups action items that Objective would typically be located in the previously defined categories into targeted subject topics. 1. Adopt and maintain a 20-year This targeted approach allows implementation comprehensive plan under s 66.1001 committees to form around a common that reflects the needs of all current

110 City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Implementation and future citizens of the city of 6. Present the adopted Plan to Algoma for the next 20 years. neighboring municipalities and Kewaunee County as described within 2. Keep the Comprehensive Plan current the Implementation element of the plan. in order to provide for the greatest possible benefits regarding the future 7. Encourage cooperation and developments of such things as communication between the City, residential, commercial, industrial, and neighboring municipalities, and county parkland development. governments in implementing this Plan.

Actions 8. Establish a protocol to apply for grant funds as a part of ongoing staff duties. 1. Maintain a Planning Commission that will regularly refer to the Plan and will use the Plan as one of the primary guides for recommendations to the City Council regarding land uses.

2. Review existing ordinances as they relate to the implementation of the Plan.

3. Update the City’s zoning ordinances to be consistent with the land use map and text.

4. Utilize the Official Map ordinance to designate future road right-of-ways and parklands/trailways the city intends to develop.

5. This plan should be consulted by the Planning Commission, City Council and other units of government before making any decision regarding land use and land use policies.

City of Algoma Comprehensive Plan | Implementation 111 Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee 3 Housing

Create a home rehabilitation program that allows for grant and/or loan dollars to X X P Year 1 $ owner-occupied units to be rehabilitated in certain geographic areas of the city. Create a housing code enforcement X X X P/R Year 1 $ program.

Create Multi-family Housing Strategy- X P Year 1 $ Identify sites and promote sites to developers for new, infill, or rehabilitation.

Identify blighted property and sites in the downtown west of 5th Street in proximity to X X P Year 1 $ parks, groceries, schools and other services to create new quality multi-family housing. The City should promote the assembly of parcels, either publicly or privately to X X P Years 2-3 $ achieve an appropriate scale of development to be economic. Consider and support adaptive reuse by turning old warehouses or large vacant X R Years 2-3 $ buildings into live-work uses. Prepare a housing market analysis every 5 years to monitor the state of the housing market and take steps to ensure the X X P Years 3-5 $$ housing stock is in balance with market demand for type, quantity, and quality of housing. Secure permanent funding for a home X X X P Year 1 $ rehab program using CDBG, USDA, TIF Consider senior housing that may be X X X Ongoing $ maintenance-free to the occupant(s). Allow assisted living and continuum of care facilities to locate in residential and mixed- X X X X P Ongoing $ use commercial/residential zones in the City. Pass city council ordinances to ensure new mixed use and multi-family housing developments include units for low-income X X X R Year 1-2 $ renters and the elderly in their housing stock. Ensure that Algoma’s s zoning ordinance allows for, and/or encourages, a range of X X R Year 1-2 $ intensities and lot sizes. Consider innovative zoning and development techniques (e.g. conservation by design, zero lot line, cluster type developments, etc.) as an alternative X X P/R Year 1-2 $$ to conventional zoning methods in order to provide for both open space preservation and for increased variety in housing choices. Direct new development to appropriate locations to minimize the visual impact on X X P/R Ongoing $ the viewsheds from public right-of-ways Encourage the infilling of existing vacant X X P Ongoing $ residential112 property. Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee Situate higher density residential development in areas that minimize X X P/R Ongoing $ impacts upon low density residential development. Continue to expand residential X X X P/R Ongoing $ development in a contiguous manner. Utilize the zoning ordinance to protect residential uses from incompatible X X X P/R Ongoing $ nonresidential uses. Develop areas as identified in the Future Land Use Map for future mix of residential development to help in establishing a X X X P/R Ongoing $ housing stock that meets the differing needs of the community. Regularly assess private holdings in the city to enforce statutory and ordinance X X X P Ongoing $ provisions governing blight and use of vacant or underutilized parcels. Educate and assist residents with application processes for low-income X X P/R Ongoing $ grants, and energy and home improvement tax credits. Continue to construct new homes according to building codes and X X X P/R Ongoing $ ordinances. Direct high-density housing near amenities X R Year 1 $ such as parks and trails.

4 Agricultural, Natural & Cultural Resources Require conservation easements for wetlands, streams, major woodlands or X X X P/R Ongoing $ other environmentally sensitive areas on all land divisions. Acquire wetland parcels or development X X X X P/R Ongoing $-$$$ rights of critical habitat when feasible. Algoma should not support the creation of any new landfill or quarry/gravel pit X X R Ongoing $ operations within its boundaries. Protect floodplains and other areas having severe soil restrictions from development X X P/R Ongoing $ through local ordinances Encourage farmers and agricultural landowners to continue participation in state and federal agency programs that X X X P Ongoing $ provide benefits for keeping land in agricultural production. Encourage the preservation of farmlands, woodlands and wetlands by continually enhancing our knowledge of federal, state, X X X P Ongoing $ county and city rules and regulations.

Encourage residents to purchase native, non-invasive plant species for landscaping X X X X P Ongoing $ and proper tree planting and maintenance. Continue efforts in planting and maintenance of the community’s trees X X X X P Ongoing $ which earned it the Tree City USA label.

113 Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee Maintain and enhance the attractiveness of parks, natural areas, public open spaces, X X X P Ongoing $ and streetscapes. Maintain the health, integrity, and function of area wetlands and preserve wetlands as X X X X X R Ongoing $ public conservancy areas. Maintain naturally-occurring floodwater storage areas and flood discharge X X X X R Ongoing $ mechanisms by preventing filling and construction in regional floodplains. Educate residents on conservation practices and include private and public X X X X P Year 1 $ agencies to assist the city in preservation techniques. Limit residential development to areas with soils to support foundations and septic X X R Ongoing $ systems, or areas located within the sanitary district. Establish a stormwater management ordinance to protect water quality and X X R Year 1 $$ minimize flooding. Support budding artist community and incorporate into marketing/branding X X X X P Year 1 $ initiatives.

Promote the Ahnapee Trail as a community X X X X X P Year 1 $ asset and for recreational tourism. Create and install signage/wayfinding for X X X X X P Year 1 $ Ahnapee Trailhead. Continue collaboration with WISDNR and EPA to ensure Cresent Beach remains a X X X X X X P Ongoing $ viable recreational beach. Continue monitoring of the Ahnapee River to remain a navigable water way for X X X X X P Ongoing $ recreational and economic development purposes.

5 Economic Development Locate commercial development dependent on automobile traffic and easy access along STH 42 and STH 54 in order to X X X P/R Ongoing $ provide commercial service to local and through traffic. Promote retail, general purpose shopping, professional services and similar businesses in the downtown area that will maintain X X X X X P Ongoing $ Algoma’s core business area. Promote downtown as pedestrian friendly and safe by ensuring areas are clean and well-lit and offer pedestrian amenities, such X X X X X X X P Ongoing $ as benches, that encourage foot traffic.

Promote and market resources and activities available to tourists to capture X X X X X X P Ongoing $ additional dollars for the area (Beach area, Ahnapee State Trail, Marina, etc.). Inform potential businesses of land use regulations, design regulations and zoning X X X P/R Ongoing $ restrictions. 114 Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee

Continue to improve street maintenance to X X P/R Ongoing $ provide for adequate travel conditions. Improve the architectural characteristics of the buildings downtown, through façade X X X X P Ongoing $$ programs. Maintain Algoma’s scenic green areas to X X X X P Ongoing $ maintain its park-like setting. Improve signage that attracts visitors and guides them to area attractions and public X X X X X P Year 1-2 $$ services. Allow “at home” occupations to locate within Algoma until such time as they have X X X P/R Ongoing $ outgrown their home. Work with property owners in Business Park to develop a strategic disposition plan for X X P Ongoing $ privately owned property. Continue to monitor the capacity of existing infrastructure, roads, electricity, public safety services, etc, to X X P Ongoing $ accommodate new development and weigh the costs to potential benefits. Work with businesses to apply for grants and X X X P Ongoing $ loans to establish or expand a business.

Prepare a community profile for industrial and business recruitment and provide the X X X P Year 1-2 $ profile to various state and local agencies, and to industrial and business prospects. Develop a marketing brochure promoting available lands to develop and advertising Algoma’s unique resources related to X X X X P Year 1-2 $$ ethnic heritage, civic events and Lake Michigan. Continue the support of the Community Improvement of Algoma Program to revitalize downtown with storefront design, X X X X X X P Ongoing $ landscaping, signage, special lighting, and other beautification measures, which promote the downtown business district. Establish an Architectural Review Board to X X P/R Year 1-2 $ review building design standards. Develop a detailed waterfront plan that includes Lake Michigan and the Ahnapee X X X X X X X P/R Year 3- 5 $$-$$$ River. Develop an ordinance to control blight within Algoma (e.g. property maintenance X X P/R Year 1-2 $ codes). Create Business Recruitment Committee to recruit business to the city and fill vacant X X X X P/R Year 1 $ retail and industrial sites.

Continue to apply for CDBG Public Facilities grants and Public Facilities for Economic X X P/R Ongoing $ Development (PFED) grants to improve the overall economic viability of Algoma. Enforce/update zoning to protect investments made by current and future X X P/R Ongoing 115 $ employers and business establishments. Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee

Work with developers and local residents to approve established compatible hours of operation, signage, lighting, parking, and X X X P/R Ongoing $ landscaping to meet Algoma’s desire for well-planned growth. Promote Algoma’s commercial and industrial properties with marketing tools and the services of the Community X X X X X P Ongoing $ Improvements of Algoma Organization and Algoma Chamber of Commerce. Continue its membership of the Wisconsin Economic Development Association (WEDA) to discuss economic issues, identify X X P Ongoing $ possible economic resources, receive technical assistance, etc. which could help foster economic development in Algoma. Create commercial property rehabilitation X X X P Year 1 $ program. Create program to encourage live-work atmosphere in the downtown to allow for X X X X X P Year 1-2 $ rehabilitation of residential units above commercial storefronts. Explore starting a Business Improvement District or join Connect Communities program to assist with business X X X X P Years 1-2 $ development and programatic opportunities in the downtown.

Work with property owners in the business park to be classified as a certified Site for X X P Year 1 $ inclusion into the WEDC program for enhanced marketing opportunities. Create a Business Retention and Expansion (BRE) program to foster business and X X X X X P Year 1 $-$$ customer relationships.

Explore agreement with Kewaunee County Economic Development Corporation to X X P Year 1 $ provide economic development services to City of Algoma. Continue to recruit a hotel to build in city to meet needs of tourism, conventions, and X X X X P Year 1 $-$$ community space needs. Utilize the WisDNR Ready for Reuse Program to clean up redevelopment sites and X X X P Years 2-3 $$ position for reuse. Explore the creation of a City X X X P/R Years 2-3 $ Redevelopment Authority Update Market Analysis bi-annually to track X X P Ongoing $$ retail needs of the city. Update Economic Development Strategy X X P Ongoing $$ every 5 years. Create marketing brochure to promote available sites within the Industrial/Business X X X X P Year 1 $ Park. Implement Waterfront Development Plan recommendations that determines areas X X X X X X P Year 1 $-$$$$ for development,116 preservation, and maintenance. Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee Coordinate with NWTC Small Business Initiative and UWGB Small Business Development Center to provide X X X X P Ongoing $ entrepreneurship classes and workshops aimed at growing businesses in the City of Algoma. Develop a marketing brochure illustrating Algoma’s picturesque environment, along X X X X X P Year 1-2 $$ with its recreational offerings and community events. Assist local educational institutions to include specialized training programs and X X X P Ongoing $ apprenticeship programs that would benefit local industry. Promote the development of amenities and establishments that are attractive to young adults in order to retain the city’s X X X X P Ongoing $ future workforce and avoid the outmigration of skilled labor. Promote water recreation businesses as a X X X X P Year 1 $ component of tourism plan. Work with businesses to remove ADA X X X X X P/R Year 1 $$ barriers. Work the Chamber to create an X X X X X P Year 1 $ identifiable brand to market city. Create streetscape design standards (banners, lighting, awnings, street furniture) X X X X X P Years 1-2 $$ based on output of marketing/branding campaign.

6 Transportation Sidewalks - encourage sidewalks in developments. Encourage sidewalk X X X P Year 1 $ maintenance. Repair sidewalks to address safety concerns X X X P Year 1 $$ downtown. Connect the downtown to harbor and the boardwalk through bike and pedestrian X X X X P Years 2-3 $$-$$$ paths. Create a Safe Routes to School Plan. X X X X X X P/R Years 2-3 $$ Provide bike racks downtown. This should match the design style as set forth in the X X X X X X P Year 1 $$ streetscape design guidelines. Install signage/wayfinding directing trail X X X P Year 1 $$ users to the downtown. Clear visibility between pedestrians and X X X X P/R Years 2-3 $$ vehicles at intersections. Implement traffic calming techniques along Fourth Street through the downtown X X X X P Years 2-3 $$ as a way to slow vehicular traffic along major thoroughfare. Provide signage alerting motorists of X X X X P/R Years 2-3 $$ pedestrian crossings. Change paving material at intersections to increase awareness of pedestrian zones. X X X X P/R Years 2-3 $$ Continue working with County and WisDOT to ensure adequate truck routes into the X X X P Ongoing $ City. Create a flexible street program to alllow for street closures for economic X X X X X X P Years 2-3 117 $$ development and recreational uses. Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee Transportation facility construction plans should be developed using sound geometric, structural, erosion control and landscape design standards which X X P/R Ongoing $$ consider the aesthetic quality of the transportation facilities and the areas through which they pass. Preserve abandoned rail and/or utility right- of-way corridors should be preserved for future transportation facilities such as bicycle, pedestrian, transit, future rail X X X X X P/R Ongoing $$-$$$ service and/or arterial streets where such need is shown in the county land use plan. The transportation system should provide access and service with choices of modes throughout Algoma in a way designed to X X X P/R Ongoing $ reduce overall average travel times to destinations within the City and the County. Algoma and its partners will add bicycle lanes or wide curb lanes should be X X X X X P Ongoing $$-$$$ constructed on arterial streets and highways where needed. Bicycle paths should be constructed to serve corridors not served by streets and highways. The most common uses are X X X X X P Ongoing $$-$$$ along rivers, lake shores, canals and utility rights-of-way. Bicycle routing should direct bicyclists to suitable paths and streets without significantly compromising directness. X X X P Ongoing $ Established bicycle suitability models should be used.

Work with the Kewaunee County Highway Commission, the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, and the Bay-Lake Regional X X X P Year 1-2 $ Planning Commission to develop a long- range maintenance and improvement program for Algoma’s streets. Work with the Kewaunee County Highway Safety Commission to provide an ongoing X X X P Ongoing $ assessment of Algoma street safety and efficiency. Work with the Kewaunee County Highway Commission and the Wisconsin Department of Transportation to ensure safe and X X X P/R Ongoing $ efficient access to STH 42, STH 54 and major Thecollector City Council streets. or a designated committee should conduct an annual assessment of the Algoma’s street pavement conditions, drainage and X X X P/R Ongoing $ maintenance needs, adequacy of existing driveways and culverts relative to safe access and to and from adjoining parcels

7 Utilities and Community Facilities Update the Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan to be eligible for grant X X* X P/R Year 1 $$ 118 opportunities. Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee Update the Official Map and make X X X* R Year 1 $$ available on the City website. Continue collaboration with the Live X X X X X P Ongoing $-$$ Algoma organization. Make the Ahnapee Trailhead more visually appealing by cleaning up the parking lot, pave the initial part of the trail within the X X X X P Year 1 $$ city limits, and provide decorative signage. Install streetscape amenities to match marketing/branding efforts. This should include trees/planters, pedestrian scaled X X X X X X X P/R Years 2-3 $$ street lighting, benches/sitting zones, banners, and trash recepticles all designed to exude a sense of place. Monitor programming and needs X X X X P Ongoing $ assesment of Knudson Center. Create a 5-Year Capital Improvement X X X X P Ongoing $ Program (CIP). Continue to collaborate with WISDNR and USACE to monitor water depth levels at X X X X X P Ongoing $-$$$$ Marina, arrange for appropriate dredging if necessary. Install highspeed internet in the downtown core and eventually throughout city for X X X X X X P Years 2-3 $$-$$$ business and resident usage.

Continue to invest in new public works equipment to adequately and X X P Ongoing $$-$$$ economically perform required duties. Continue to encourage the concept of “mutual aid agreements” for all public X X X X P Ongoing $ services being provided (e.g. waste disposal). Continue to maintain and upgrade the City Hall, library and other facilities as needed. X X X P Ongoing $

Consider the possible impacts to the Algoma’s groundwater when weighing X X X P/R Ongoing $ future developments. Continue to monitor resident satisfaction X X X P Ongoing $ with the recycling program in Algoma. Continue cooperation and communication between the Algoma School District, the Algoma and surrounding area to maintain X X X P Ongoing $ and upgrade facilities to collectively provide for quality educational opportunities. Work with adjacent communities and districts in order to provide the best level of X X X X P Ongoing $ police, fire, rescue (EMS) and other provided services on an annual basis. Work cooperatively with select service providers to upgrade telecommunication, cable, natural gas, etc. when needed. Future ordinances should be X X P/R Ongoing $ considered/adopted to limit possible negative impacts (e.g. communication towers). 119 Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee Continue to monitor plans/needs to upgrade facilities (water, sewer, etc. within X X P Ongoing $ Algoma. Continue to explore options for the X X P/R Ongoing $ development of waterfront areas. Use site plan review process that analyzes how stormwater will be managed, and X X P/R Ongoing $ how site plans will protect and enhance the environmental conditions of a future Plansite. for and support the extension of public services in an orderly manner to discourage X X X P/R Ongoing $ scattered rural development.

Promote recycling of domestic and X X X X X X X P Ongoing $ commercial waste. Review and enforce stormwater management plans for any new X X X P/R Ongoing $ development. Update City Ordinances as necessary. Establish management practices that mitigate stormwater impacts on surface X X P Ongoing $ waters, minimize erosion, and maintain ecosystem function. Maintain an ongoing list of community facilities that do not meet adequate X X P Ongoing $ standards of physical condition. Continue to develop, maintain and upgrade recreational facilities within the X X X P Ongoing $ Algoma and the surrounding area. Use the City’s official mapping powers to preserve any areas designated for future X X X P/R Ongoing $ park and recreational uses. Work with the surrounding counties and adjacent municipalities in identifying future X X X X P Ongoing $ recreational areas. Work with state agencies and private property owners to ensure that existing trails are properly maintained and that any user/property owner disputes are X X X P Ongoing $ reconciled quickly, so as to continue to provide quality trail networks throughout the area. Continue to maintain and enhance the Algoma Youth Club facilities, while offering X X X X P Ongoing $ a variety of activities. Update the Algoma’s existing Outdoor X X P/R Year 1-2 $$ Recreation Plan. Explore the development of a detailed waterfront plan to enhance the harbor X X P/R Year 1-2 $ area, Lake front and Ahnapee riverfront. Algoma should explore available resources and contact appropriate agencies (e.g. WDNR, BLRPC, etc) to further enhance the X X P Ongoing $ quality of its recreational systems.

Seek public and private donations for funding recreational improvements and X X X X P Ongoing $ developments. Explore the acquisition of lands for future X X X X R Year 1-2 $ recreational120 uses. Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee Continue to provide quality recreational X X X X X X X P Ongoing $ sites within the Algoma for all residents. 8 Intergovernmental Cooperation Develop coordination and sharing/joint ownership of community facilities, X X X X P Ongoing $ equipment and other services whenever possible.

Work cooperatively with surrounding municipalities to address possible boundary issues to minimize conflicts, to include X X X X P Ongoing $ staying aware of issues or regulations that would impact development within the planning area such as Conservation by Design funding options, etc.

Coordinate with the surrounding Towns of X X X P Ongoing $ Ahnapee and Pierce on future planning projects to best maintain the character of the surrounding area. The City Council or its representative (as the responsible party) should monitor/work with the DNR, Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Protection Agency to ensure X X X X P Ongoing $ compliance with water quality regulations, and ensure the health and vitality of stream

The City Council or its representative (as the responsible party) meet annually and work X X X X P Ongoing $ with the Regional Planning Commission or other planning agencies on city, county 9 and/or regional planning activities.

Land Use Future development shall be sensitive to natural features within the city and the X X X P/R Ongoing $ extraterritorial area. The city should continue its policy of requiring annexation prior to extension of X X X P/R Ongoing $ municipal water and sewer to areas surrounding the city.

Create a mixed use residential zoning X R Year 1 $$ classification when the zoning ordinance is updated. Consider other innovative zoning methods to achieve increased housing choices and X R Ongoing $ balance development with preservation of natural resources.

121 Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee Work with adjacent municipalities to determine potential boundary conflicts and explore new development techniques that X X X P Ongoing $ maintain a balance between greenspace and new development.

Encourage buffers to prevent land use X X X P/R Ongoing $ conflicts. Update Zoning Code to reflect and/or anticpation of new residential, retail, X X R Year 1 $$ mixed use, and economic development trends. Update the online zoning code and zoning tables to reflect ordinance 783-2015 that X X P/R Year 1 $ was passed reducing the number of zoning districts. Update the entire zoning code to reflect many changes in case law in regards to X X R Year 1-2 $$ definitions used The Planning Commission needs to review the Sign Ordinance to comply with the X X R Year 1-2 $ United States Supreme Court ruling in Reed V. Town of Gilbert Review and update the zoning code to be made consistent this Plan and subsequent X X R Ongoing $$ updates to this Plan. Review and update the Subdivision and Platting Ordinance to be made consistent X X R Year 1-2 $ with this Plan and any subsequent updates to this Plan. Revise zoning code to ensure adequate landscape screening “buffer” should be X X R Year 1-2 $$ provided between commercial uses and adjacent noncommercial uses. Ensure the Official Map is up-to-date and follows the concepts created by the Future X X X R Ongoing $ Land Use map. Utilize the Comprehensive Plan as an illustration of the city’s overall development X X X R Ongoing $ policy. Allow future development in an orderly way to allow for proper distribution of X X X X R Ongoing $ Workcommunity with the services. Towns of Ahnapee and Pierce, and Kewaunee County to ensure X X X P/R Ongoing $ compatible growth within Algoma’s

Work with the surrounding towns to determine potential boundary conflicts and X X X X P/R Ongoing $ explore new development techniques which maintain a balance between green space and new development. Develop design standards to be followed by developers in planning their projects. X X X R Years 3- 5 $$

Maintain the Algoma’s identity and character by utilizing prominent edges X X R Ongoing $ which distinguish Algoma from the surrounding communities.

122 Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee Prior to designating new areas for growth, it shall be shown that the new development X X R Ongoing $ is consistent with this Plan. Ensure new developments do not create X X R Ongoing $ any conflicts. Protect residential neighborhoods from impacts of non-residential uses not appropriate for the neighborhood. Residential areas should be distanced, X X X P/R Ongoing $ buffered, or otherwise mitigated from physical hazards, unhealthy conditions, and protected from traffic, noise, and incompatible uses. Modify existing codes to ensure Infill development is compatible with the established neighborhood through X X P/R Year 1-2 $$ transitions in housing density, screening, or other appropriate methods.

Provide, through land use regulations, the X X P/R Ongoing $ potential for a broad range of housing choices to meet the needs of the community. Ensure new housing is located in areas that conform to Algoma’s official map for street layouts and are easily accessible to public X X X R Ongoing $ services (water, sewer, etc.).

Ensure housing developments conform to the zoning districts that they are contained within. Modified conformance standards will be considered in areas that have been X X X R Ongoing $ designated for conservation subdivision designs.

Direct elderly and assisted care housing X X X R Ongoing $ facilities near the downtown area.

X X P/R Ongoing $ Ensure development is placed in areas already characterized by commercial development and where Algoma services and facilities are available. Ready access to adequate public water supply, public sanitary sewer service, stormwater drainage facilities, electrical X X X P/R Ongoing $$ power, natural gas supplies, and communications should be available. Revise code to ensure points of vehicle entry and exit should be properly located and controlled to prevent safety problems and traffic congestion on adjacent arterial streets. Adjacent streets should be capable X X X P/R Year 1-2 $$ of accommodating the increased traffic associated with commercial development.

123 Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee Ensure future and existing commercial establishments in Algoma are developed/renovated according to X X X P/R Ongoing $ existing regulations (design standards, overlay regulations, etc.). Maintain similar scale, design standards, signage, etc. in all downtown X X X P/R Ongoing $ redevelopment. Consider adaptive reuse for structures in the X X X X P/R Ongoing $$ downtown.

Revise the existing zoning code to ensure industrial development does not detract X X P/R Year 1-2 $$ from the community’s appearance, over burden community services of the city nor clutter any “Door Way” into the city. The city should consider developing a set of design standards for industrial/business X X P/R Year 1-2 $$ park settings. Ensure industrial sites have available adequate water, sanitary sewer, X X X P Ongoing $ stormwater drainage natural gas and electric supplies. Industrial park sites shall have direct access to an arterial and highway system. X X X P Ongoing $

Industrial sites shall have adequate X X X P Ongoing $ buffering from adjacent non-industrial uses. Industrial park sites shall have adequate points of entry and exit, an internal street X X X X X P Ongoing $ system, along with adequate off-street parking and loading facilities. Utilize the environmental corridor designation of the General Plan Design to X X X P Ongoing $ promote/preserve wildlife habitat and trails where appropriate. Continue to maintain the beaches and other natural areas along the Lake X X X X P Ongoing $ Michigan shoreline for aesthetic purposes and for recreation uses.

Preserve buildings (churches, historic homes and buildings), structures (bridges, etc.) X X X P Ongoing $ and other landscape features (cemeteries, etc.) that are Algoma’s cultural history.

Promote and improve trail systems within natural corridors developed with a number X X X X X X X P Year 1-2 $$ of connecting points to existing pedestrian paths/sidewalks. Carefully control the types of developments within and adjacent to the comprehensive plan’s identified environmental corridors (depicted on the General Plan Design) by X X P/R Ongoing $ establishing an overlay district, or by rezoning the lands to the Conservancy District

124 Responsible Parties Action Timeframe Cost City Other

Implementation Strategies Chapter Chamber ServiceClubs imrovementcost Priorityand Timing ElectedOfficials CityAdministration Projectand/or capital County,KCEDC UWEX , CityParks &Recreation Residents/PropertyOwners CityPublic Works/Engineering Programorregulatory change PlanCommission/ ComDev Committee The City Planning Commission and City Council will continue to monitor services provided to Algoma residents and explore X X X X P Ongoing $ options of maintaining/improving upon the level of existing services.

The City Planning Commission and City Council will work with the adjoining towns and Kewaunee County to help provide X X X X P Ongoing $ future services as effectively and efficiently as reasonably possible. Continue to address the facility and program needs of the elderly population X X X X P Year 1-2 $ and those approaching senior status.

10 Implementation Maintain a Planning Commission that will regularly refer to the Plan and will use the Plan as one of the primary guides for X X P/R Ongoing $ recommendations to the City Council regarding land uses. Review existing ordinances as they relate to X X P/R Year 1-2 $ the implementation of the Plan. Update the City’s zoning ordinances to be consistent with the land use map and text. X X P/R Year 1-2 $$

Utilize the Official Map ordinance to designate future road right-of-ways and X X P Ongoing $ parklands/trailways the city intends to develop. This plan should be consulted by the Planning Commission, City Council and other units of government before making X X X X P Ongoing $ any decision regarding land use and land use policies. Present the adopted Plan to neighboring municipalities and Kewaunee County as X s P/R Immediate $ described within the Implementation element of the plan. Encourage cooperation and communication between the City, X X P Ongoing $ neighboring municipalities, and county governments in implementing this Plan. Establish a protocol to apply for grant funds X P Ongoing $ as a part of ongoing staff duties.

125 APPENDIX A «¬42

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Planning Area Local Planning Area (1.5 Miles) City of Algoma County Highway Parcels

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Functional Class and Functional Class City of Algoma Traffic Counts Minor Collector Municipal Boundaries Major Collector City of Algoma Minor Arterial REEDSBURG - MADISON - PRAIRIE DU CHIEN - MILWAUKEE METRO 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 999 Fourier Drive, Suite 201, Madison, WI 53717 Miles Minor Collector Phone: (608) 826-0532 Fax: (608) 826-0530

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