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Djela LXXXIV 10.Pdf (2.046Mb) Već je dvadeset godina prošlo od kada nas je ostavio naš otac Alojz Benac, a još su svježa ne samo sjećanja na njegove zadnje godine u kojima je nastajala ova knjiga, već i na nevine dane djetinjstva, igre u vrtu Zemaljskog muzeja, te ljeta s njim i majkom, provedena na iskopavanjima. Ponosni smo na našeg oca i na njegova naučna dostignuća, ali isto tako i na sve ono što je zajedno sa majkom učinio za nas. Stoga nas osobito raduje da je Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine odlučila da u okviru Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja, koga je Alojz Benac i utemeljio, objavi ovo njegovo posljednje djelo. Iskreno smo zahvalni svima koji su učestvovali u pripremi knjige, a želja nam je da ona svakom čitaocu prenese barem dio topline i radosti koju smo mi s našim ocem imali. U Sarajevu, 15. 12. 2012. Dunja i Nenad s porodicama 3 Objavljivanje knjige pomogla je: Fondacija za izdavaštvo/nakladništvo Sarajevo Sadržaj Sadržaj ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 PREDGOVOR .............................................................................................................................................. 7 UVODNE NAPOMENE ............................................................................................................................. 9 I. TOTEMIZAM ..................................................................................................................................... 11 1. Medvjed i jelen................................................................................................................................. 11 2. Riba ................................................................................................................................................... 15 3. Zmija ................................................................................................................................................. 17 II. HELIOLATRIJA .................................................................................................................................. 25 1. Neolitsko doba ................................................................................................................................. 26 2. Eneolitsko doba ............................................................................................................................... 28 3. Bronzano doba ................................................................................................................................. 30 4. Željezno doba ................................................................................................................................... 35 III. Otvorena žrtveništa i svetilišta .......................................................................................................... 43 IV. MAGNA MATER (Kult Velike Majke) ............................................................................................. 49 1. O centralnom Balkanu ................................................................................................................... 51 2. O prelaznoj zoni .............................................................................................................................. 57 V. DVA POSEBNA KULTNA FENOMENA ........................................................................................ 63 1. Ritoni ................................................................................................................................................ 63 2. Prakentauri ....................................................................................................................................... 65 VI. MORS QUID EST? AUT FIMIS AUT TRANSITUS? /ŠTA JE smrt? Kraj ILI prelazak?/ ....................................................................................... 69 1. Paleolitsko i mezolitsko doba ........................................................................................................ 69 2. Neolitsko doba ................................................................................................................................. 71 3. Eneolitsko ili bakarno doba ........................................................................................................... 73 4. Bronzano doba ................................................................................................................................. 78 5. Željezno doba ................................................................................................................................... 82 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... 101 POPIS ILUSTRACIJA .................................................................................................................................. 105 BIBLIOGRAFIJA .......................................................................................................................................... 107 REGISTAR NALAZIŠTA, KULTURA, KULTURNIH I ETNIČKIH GRUPA .................................... 111 BILJEŠKA O AUTORU ............................................................................................................................... 115 5 PREDGOVOR Djelo koje je pred nama napisano je prije više od dvadeset godina. Još 1991. godine je sve bilo pripremljeno za štampu, no ovom rukopisu nije bilo suđeno da bude objavljen te godine. Nesretni slijed događaja mu je odredio sasvim drugačiju sudbinu. Najprije je u martu 1992. godine iznenada umro Alojz Benac, ne stigavši da ovo svoje posljednje djelo definitivno preda izdavaču. A onda je došao rat u Sarajevo. Ljudi su odjednom bili primorani da se bore za goli život, malo ko je mogao misliti na štampanje knjiga. Tako je bilo svih ratnih godina, a ni dugo poslije toga nije bilo mnogo bolje. Ipak, uprkos svim tim teškim godinama, rukopis je opstao. Našla ga je Dunja Drljević, kćerka Alojza Benca u novembru 2011. godine, prilikom sređivanja očeve biblioteke koju je porodica kasnije, kao Benčev legat, poklonila našoj Akademiji. Tako je nepredvidljivi splet okolnosti na kraju učinio da knjiga bude štampana 2012. godine, upravo dvadeset godina nakon smrti autora. Čitajući ponovno ovo interesantno štivo, uvjerio sam se da ni nakon više od dvije decenije ono nije ništa izgu- bilo na aktuelnosti. Naprotiv, iz svake rečenice izbija nagomilano iskustvo i erudicija velikog naučnika, a izneseni opisi, sistematizacija građe i lucidni zaključci bez sumnje će još dugo ostati dragocjena podloga za izučavanje ove tematike. Pisano akribično, jednostavnim i jasnim jezikom, ovo sažeto, ali sadržajem bogato djelo, čitaoca nena- metljivo vodi tajnovitim stazama religioznih misli naših dalekih predaka. Mada je, kako sam autor kaže, namijen- jeno široj publici, siguran sam da će i stručnjaci i svi drugi čitaoci rado i sa interesovanjem čitati ovo djelo, jer se radi o veoma zanimljivoj i nadasve važnoj sferi duhovne kulture prastanovnika našeg tla koja je ovdje po prvi put naučno vrednovana za sva praistorijska razdoblja. Rukopis knjige je od strane redakcije lektorski i tehnički obrađen i dodat mu je indeks pojmova. Pošto je ilus- trativni materijal bio u dobroj mjeri oštećen, nadomješten je kvalitetnim crtežima istovjetnog materijala u svim slučajevima gdje je to bilo neophodno. Drugih intervencija u smislu ažuriranja literature i sl. nije bilo, niti je to bilo potrebno. Naime, na ovoj tematici se od ranih 90-ih godina kod nas nije mnogo radilo, te je ovo djelo, počev od citirane literature do sintetskih zaključaka, ostalo u punoj mjeri aktuelno. Na prijedlog autorove porodice obavljena je jedna terminološka izmjena. U originalnom rukopisu autor je u naslovu i tekstu koristio termin “jugoslavenske zemlje” što je razumljivo, jer je knjiga pisana u vrijeme dok je Jugoslavija još postojala. S obzirom da te zajednice više nema, ovaj termin je zamijen izrazom “južnoslavenske zemlje” koji se pokazao najprikladnijim, mada obuh- vata nešto šire područje. Ta izmjena, međutim, nema suštinskog značaja, jer se djelo odnosi isključivo na prostor bivše Jugoslavije, što je vidljivo i iz samog teksta. Porodici Benac smo veoma zahvalni što je uspjela da sačuva rukopis i time omogući da se od zaborava spasi ovo posljednje djelo Alojza Benca, osnivača i dugogodišnjeg rukovodioca Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja ANUBiH. Posebnu zahvalnost redakcija duguje direktoru Centra akademiku Dževadu Juzbašiću i našoj matičnoj ustanovi, Akademiji nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine za svesrdnu podršku i prihvatanje ove knjige za izdavanje u seriji “Djela”. Blagoje Govedarica 7 UVODNE NAPOMENE Ovo stilski i sadržajno kombinovano štivo posvećeno je Kada je riječ o vjerskim zasadama, današnji pro- onoj sferi duhovnog života praistorijskog čovjeka na tlu sječan čovjek razmišlja uglavnom u okviru velikih južnoslavenskih zemalja koju bismo mogli uvjetno na- svjetskih religija, kao što su kršćanstvo, islam, juda- zvati religioznom sferom. Svjestan sam svih poteškoća izam, hinduizam, odnosno budizam i bramanizam u realizaciji jednog ovakvog poduhvata, ali mu prilazim pa konfucionizam. Najveći dio čovječanstva pripada sa uvjerenjem da će ono, ipak, dobro doći čitaocima koji nekoj od svjetskih religija i tako formira svoj svjeto- imaju naklonost prema tekstovima ove vrste i koji žele nazor, pokušava da osvijetli smisao svoga postojanja. da nešto saznaju o misaonim dometima praistorijskih
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