GARDEN NEWS FALL 2015–WINTER 2016

Spring–Summer 2015 1 © Robert Benson Photography

2 Inside Garden News, Fall 2015–Winter 2016 President’s Perspective Dear Friends:

Our revered Board Member, the late Dr. Oliver Sacks, was a celebrated neurologist and author as well as a devoted enthusiast Holiday Train Show® Is New and Bigger Than Ever! 4 of ferns and cycads. He paid regular visits to NYBG Board Welcomes New Members 6 with colleagues and friends from various fields to view and study the plants that piqued his Native Plants Summit Draws Standing-Room-Only Audience 7 endless curiosity. A recent tribute published in The New York Review of Books by his friend Urban Oasis Challenge 7 Roberto Calasso included this wonderful observation: Native Plant Garden Adapts and Thrives 8 “The New York Botanical Garden is one of Bronx Green-Up: Rivers Run Community Garden in Co-op City 10 the wonders of the world, for what it is and and Growing the Urban Farm Symposium 11 for how it is. For its visitors and its curators. For the air you breathe there.”1 Invasive Species Summit 11 Dr. Sacks will be missed by everyone at the LuEsther T. Mertz Library Collections Update Garden who benefited from his contagious Rare Folios Gift 12 interest in many things, especially plants. Lord & Burnham Architectural Plans 13 If you have been here lately, you will know that the spectacular vistas across the Students Continue Long History of Stewardship 14 grounds have transitioned to their autumnal glory, and indoors, we are transitioning from Energy Conservation Program Highlights 15 our blockbuster exhibition, FRIDA KAHLO: Art, Garden, Life, to our seasonal favorite, NYBG Wildlife Inspires Staff 16 the Holiday Train Show®. The Kahlo show welcomed more than 525,000 visitors during Recent Botanical Discovery 18 its run from May 16 to November 1, breaking previous attendance records for our ambitious Cullman Program Spotlight 19 and innovative program of interpretive exhibitions that have explored the connections New NYBG Press E-Commerce Site 20 between art and nature. We have illuminated the importance of plants and gardens to the Andrew Carnegie Distinguished Lecture 21 lives and work of influential artists and thinkers such as Charles Darwin, Emily Dickinson, Winter Lecture Series 22 Claude Monet, and now we have done Frida! Thank you for your continued support of Humanities Institute Fellowship and Visiting Scholarship 24 this magnificent place. Please bring your family Program and friends often during the upcoming holiday season to enjoy all of the many new offerings— Greening the Garden’s Grass 25 both indoors and outdoors.

Recent Grants Update 26

Tending the Garden’s Future: The Perennial Society 27

Edible Academy Family Garden Picnic 28 Gregory Long Rose Garden Dinner 29 Chief Executive Officer The William C. Steere Sr. President Donor Acknowledgments 30 1Adapted from an essay written for Oliver Sacks on his 80th birthday by Roberto Calasso. “A Garden for Oliver Sacks.” The New York Review of Books, NYBG Board 38 September 21, 2015.

13 Holiday Train Show® Is New and Bigger Than Ever!

Founding Sponsors Sponsors Victoria and Robert Zoellner Karen Katen Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Brooks Foundation A. Schwarzman Brothers

4 Expanded Dining Offerings

Now in its 24th year, the Holiday Train Show® has become With the arrival of the Holiday Train Show® New York City’s most beloved holiday pastime, an adventure of and its many exciting new features comes tradition for children, parents, and train lovers alike who flock to an equally rich selection of dining venues for the Garden for a holiday experience unlike anything else in the visitors to enjoy, from signature New American city. Nearly a half-mile of track winds its way through the Enid A. cuisine to classic holiday-themed options for Haupt Conservatory come November, when a twinkling expanse warming up outdoors. of model trains and cityscapes in miniature returns to The New The MasterCard® Gingerbread Café, a York Botanical Garden for another winter season. family-oriented venue located near the Haupt In 2015 the exhibition builds on its reputation as NYC’s Conservatory, features two NYBG food trucks greatest holiday tradition by including 3,000 square feet of offering tacos and hamburgers, a menu of additional display space, making room for dozens of new trains, kid-friendly favorites, and a gingerbread play tracks, and bridges for visitors to enjoy. Look for locomotives house, coloring station, and cookie-decorating chugging along overhead and zipping among 150 replicas booth to keep little ones entertained. Visitors of well-known landmark crafted from bark, leaves, and other leaving the Holiday Train Show exhibition are natural materials, each one hand-made by Paul Busse and his invited to purchase refreshments and relax skilled team of artists at Applied Imagination. before heading out to explore the Garden’s Among the many buildings on display, including the season-long schedule of exciting winter Brooklyn Bridge, Statue of Liberty, and Rockefeller Center, this programming. year’s exhibition offers a brand-new re-creation of The New In the Leon Levy Visitor Center, the colorful York Public Library Stephen A. Schwarzman Building, joining the sight of Frosty’s Schnapps Haus is another Garden’s recent reimagining of the Haupt Conservatory as one welcome addition to this year’s lineup, providing of the show’s latest landmarks. Bavarian-themed treats to keep visitors warm Visitors to the Holiday Train Show will be greeted by while strolling the Garden. A menu of seasonal another new feature in the form of a captivating short film. classics such as roasted chestnuts, soft This behind-the-scenes glimpse into the making of the show pretzels from an authentic pretzel cart, and reveals the magic that goes into each year’s production, from several spiked hot beverages can be enjoyed the creation of the iconic replicas in Paul Busse’s Kentucky on the heated patio. Those attending Bar Car workshop to the colorful selection of freight trains, trolleys, and Nights throughout November and December commuter rail trains that animate the scenery. After nearly a will find the Schnapps Haus a central part of quarter-century of annual display, the history of the exhibition the evenings’ festivities, mixing signature drinks is a rich one, and the film provides an enlightening look into to enjoy while viewing the exhibition as well as the inspiration behind each piece and the work that goes into wide-ranging outdoor entertainment. maintaining the experience. Elsewhere in the Visitor Center, the Pine Having strolled through the Haupt Conservatory’s sprawling Tree Café features a casual dining menu of display of trains and replicas, visitors view a stunning new finale soups and salads, artisanal panini, Neapolitan- in the Reflecting Pool, where a multisensory display of sound style pizza straight from the oven, and sweet and light serves as a centerpiece beneath the 90-foot dome of treats and snacks to sate even the heartiest the Palms of the World Gallery. Surrounded by replicas from the appetite. The newly opened Hudson Garden 1964 World’s Fair, including the iconic Unisphere, it is a fitting Grill offers a full-service dining room and a homage to the architectural history of New York that has served seasonal menu of New American cuisine as the show’s foundation since it began. inspired by locally sourced, sustainably Beyond the Conservatory doors, the Garden’s 250 famed harvested ingredients. acres of winter landscapes host a wide variety of festive With the Garden’s welcoming venues and programming, new dining options, and children’s activities, the flavorful new additions coming this holiday offering something for visitors of any age. And with evening season, dining at NYBG has never been a events and live music performances planned throughout the run more satisfying—and delicious—experience. of the exhibition, 2015 is sure to be another memorable year of the Holiday Train Show.

5 Board Welcomes New Members

Susan E. Lynch has been involved with the Garden for more than 20 years. An active participant in the Special Events Program, she became a Garden Patron in 1995, a Member of the Corporation in 2007, and a Member of the Board of Advisors in 2008. Mrs. Lynch is a Trustee Emerita of Connecticut College, her alma mater, where she has established a Professorship and other Funds, and of the Asia Society. She was the first President of the Bruce Museum and serves as Honorary Chair of the Board. She is a council member of the Greenwich Land Trust, former chair of the Council of the National Trust, and a Patron Fellow of the National Tropical Botanical Garden. She is a Presidential Councillor at Cornell University and is vice-chair of the Museum Council. She and her late husband, Ronald, are Foremost Benefactors of the University where they established the Deanship of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, a Professorship at the Johnson Graduate School of Business, and the Lynch Fund for Athletics. Susan established a Professorship in Science and Business at the College. Mrs. Lynch resides in Greenwich, Connecticut.

Michael A. Zarcone is Executive Vice President, Corporate Affairs for MetLife, where he oversees Global Communications, Global Government Relations, and Corporate Contributions and Community Relations, and manages MetLife’s engagement with internal and external audiences in the 47 countries where the company does business. He is also the Chief of Staff to the CEO and Chair of the MetLife Foundation. Mr. Zarcone holds a Juris Doctor degree from Catholic University of America School of Law and a bachelor’s degree in English from Siena College, where he is a member of the Associate Board of Trustees. He is a member of the New York State Bar Association, the Pennsylvania Bar, and the Bar of the District of Columbia, as well as the Board of the Life Insurance Council of New York. He is currently a Trustee of the Citizens Budget Commission. MetLife Foundation has been a strong partner with the Garden for many decades, most recently presenting MetLife Healthy Families Program and serving as Sponsor of the Spring Season at the Garden. In addition, MetLife provided generous support this year for FRIDA KAHLO: Art, Garden, Life as Presenting Sponsor.

6 Native Plants Summit Draws Double Your Impact: Standing-Room-Only Audience Support NYBG’s Urban Oasis Challenge

Leading experts from academia, conservation groups, and private consulting practices discussed the current status, conservation, and outlook for the native plants of the Northeast at NYBG’s Native Plants Summit on September 18 in the Arthur and Janet Ross Lecture Hall. “We’re at a crossroads in the conservation of native plants,” said Robert F.C. Naczi, Ph.D., Arthur J. Cronquist Curator of North American Botany, who organized the Summit. “This is a critical time in history. We can still make a difference.” Addressing a standing-room-only audience, Dr. Naczi noted that some species—mainly invasive plants such as the tree of heaven and purple loosestrife—are becoming much more common now in the region, while invasive pests, overharvesting, and habitat destruction have taken a toll on many native species. Two examples from his own work document that disturbing trend. In a survey of the native plants that have adapted to the daily cycle of high and low tides along the banks of the tidal Hudson River, he found that 65 percent of the species are imperiled and 16 percent of previously documented species have apparently disappeared. Only 19 percent can be considered secure. That is a fairly specialized habitat, but Dr. Naczi also examined herbarium specimens of 76 common native plants. Comparing two 20-year periods (1930–49 and 1990–2009), he found that 21 species had experienced significant declines Since 1891 NYBG has been America’s over the course of 60 years, ranging from 61 to 88 percent. premier urban garden and one of the world’s Many speakers had similarly sobering messages. Mary greatest centers for the study, exhibition, and Klein, president and CEO of NatureServe, a not-for-profit conservation of plants. This treasured National conservation organization, pointed out that 60 percent of the Historic Landmark now welcomes nearly one species listed as endangered in the United States are plants million visitors a year who come from far and yet they receive only five percent of the federal funding for wide to be immersed in our pristine landscape endangered-species conservation. while discovering extraordinary exhibitions There are some hopeful signs, however. Not the least of that highlight the intersections of horticulture, these is the fact that awareness of the importance of native science, and the arts. plants is growing, and many new local botanical and native plant To help support the Garden’s rapid growth, societies have been founded in the last 30 years, according to several generous Board Members have David Werier, a botanist with a private consulting practice in the established the Urban Oasis Challenge to Ithaca area and recent past president of the New York Flora match—on a dollar-for-dollar basis—any new Association. and additional gifts to the Garden. This is a And even individual gardeners can play a role in conserving wonderful time to make a new or increased gift native plants. to NYBG. Your support will go even further to “Conservation of these species may come down, in the long help sustain this important institution and its term, to those individual gardeners who know about and grow myriad horticultural, educational, and scientific these plants,” said Ms. Klein. endeavors. To learn more or make a donation, please visit nybg.org/support_the_garden or call 718.817.8553. Generous support for the Summit was provided by two NYBG Board Members.

7 Native Plant Garden Meadow Adapts and Thrives By Michael Hagen, Curator of the Rock Garden and Native Plant Garden

In the fall Meadow, the purple of smooth aster and the yellow of goldenrod combine with the billowing tawny seed heads of sand lovegrass.

Native plants of northeastern North America, chosen for Since the Meadow’s initial planting, curators have been their visual impact, sustainability, and adaptability, are the busy recording the flux and changes in plant combinations defining features of the Native Plant Garden, a gift of the Leon and conditions. For instance, in the shallower, rocky, and well- Levy Foundation, which opened in spring 2013. Taking full drained upland soil of the Dry Meadow, we have noticed the advantage of a varied natural landscape in the heart of NYBG, gradual diminishment of Ontario blazing star and Bicknell’s the Native Plant Garden is an outdoor classroom, a sanctuary sedge and a welcome, yet unexpected, flourishing of black- for birds and butterflies, and a captivating horticultural display eyed Susan, and hairy white oldfield aster. A certain amount year-round. of redundancy was designed intentionally in the original plant Now in its third year, the 3.5-acre site continues to selection, and even by the most discerning standards, the develop as curators carefully monitor its growth throughout remaining combinations of primarily little bluestem, flowering the seasons. In particular, the Meadow has matured in spurge, slender goldentop, and hoary skullcap suffer from no interesting and rewarding ways. It was designed to be lack of beauty or sophistication of composition. viewed from multiple locations, with plantings laid out to take While we were concerned that the sweep of the Mesic advantage of the area’s natural topography, to showcase Meadow, which is divided into almost jigsaw-like planting multiple assemblages of grasses and forbs skillfully combined blocks, would prove to be consumed entirely by overly vigorous to present the impression of an expansive, prairie-like vista. flat-top goldentop, this summer it was still richly punctuated However, as curators have spent time both caring for and by rattlesnake-master, prairie blazing star, sand lovegrass, and observing this unique space within the garden they have brilliant red flashes of royal catchfly. Simultaneously broad become cognizant of small, intimate vignettes that reward the swaths of lavender-flowered wild bergamot and yellow heads visitor who chooses to linger for close study, contemplation, or of pinnate prairie-coneflower jostled for dominance among simply take pleasure in the sense of place. the patches of Indiangrass and big bluestem. Even with this

8 Selections from the Native Plant Garden Meadow

region’s unexpectedly dry summer, these now well-established prairie grasses and forbs were able to thrive without irrigation and continued to look healthy and luxurious into the fall. In the Meadow and indeed throughout the Native Plant Garden, we continue to enhance and improve the plantings in response to how the garden is maturing. To fill a gap in the Wet Meadow where Culver’s root has not grown as vigorously as we were expecting we added white doll’s daisy as well as smooth blue aster for increased color and late-season nectar for pollinators. This is all part of NYBG’s ongoing effort to test, study, and display the best selections for each of the microclimates found in the Native Plant Garden.

Rattlesnake-master (Eryngium yuccifolium)

• Ontario blazing star (Liatris cylindracea) • Bicknell’s sedge (Carex bicknellii) • black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) hairy white oldfield aster Symphyotrichum( pilosum) • little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) • flowering spurge Euphorbia( corollata) • slender goldentop (Euthamia caroliniana) • hoary skullcap (Scutellaria incana) • flat-top goldentop Euthamia( graminifolia) • rattlesnake-master (Eryngium yuccifolium) • prairie blazing star (Liatris pycnostachya) • sand lovegrass (Eragrostis trichodes) • royal catchfly Silene( regia) • wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) • pinnate prairie-coneflower Ratibida( pinnata) • Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) • big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) • white doll’s daisy (Boltonia asteroides) • Culver’s root (Veronicastrum virginicum) Pink wild bergamot and yellow ashy sunflower mingle with Indiangrass through the center of the Mesic • smooth blue aster (Symphyotrichum laeve var. Meadow, while early goldenrod and flowering spurge paint a study in yellow and white across the rocky ridgeline of the Dry Meadow. laeve)

9 Rivers Run: Co-op City’s First Community Garden By Ursula Chanse, Director of Bronx Green-Up and Community Horticulture

Fourth graders from P.S. 153 visit Rivers Run Community Garden in Co-op City during its opening season in 2015.

As a red-tailed hawk perched above us looked on, we measured horticulture workshops, helped secure donated supplies, and the area for the garden that was steadily taking shape, but had contributed fruit trees as well as native and ornamental shrubs been simmering in the hearts and minds of Co-op City residents and plants. Rivers Run now features 66 raised beds tended for several years. Rivers Run Community Garden, the first by Co-op City families, a children’s garden, small orchard, and community garden in Co-op City, a neighborhood of more than perennial and annual plantings that invite passersby to drop in. 40,000 people along the Hutchinson River in the Bronx, opened Over the season, while 86 garden members contended with in spring 2015 and has just ushered in its first growing season. the challenges of watering, weeds, and ground hogs, neighbors Bronx Green-Up (BGU), NYBG’s long-standing community who had lived for years in the same building had a chance to gardening outreach program, was asked to assist with this chat and meet one another. Describing the impact of the garden exciting endeavor. Committed community members advocated on this dense high-rise community, Gail Sharbaan, President tirelessly for the scenic and underutilized space, owned by the of the Rivers Run Community Garden Steering Committee, River Bay Corporation. Four of the members had participated noted: “We can’t thank Bronx Green-Up enough for teaching us, in Bronx Green-Up’s Grow More Vegetables Certificate Series, encouraging us, and showing up (even in the rain) to guide us which teaches organic growing techniques to those who will through the ways of an urban gardener. Instead of a debris-filled pass on their skills and share with their community. Another lot, Co-op City had an amazing inaugural planting year—the resident completed the Master Composter Certificate course of successful growing of a rainbow of vegetables, fruits, herbs, and the NYC Compost Project, hosted by The New York Botanical most importantly—friendships. It is a testament to the gardener Garden. within each of us that while faced with a variety of obstacles, we BGU worked closely with the growing garden membership, were able to shift, adapt, and grow—just like our harvest!” including a landscape designer, Zainab Miller, who contributed her expertise to the space. We led volunteer workdays and

10 Symposium: Growing the Urban Farm Invasive Species Summit: Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives

Urban agriculture is growing rapidly in cities across America. Vacant lots, abandoned green spaces, and urban rooftops are being transformed into productive farms that provide fresh produce and opportunities for healthy activity, income, and many other benefits for urban families. Growing the Urban Farm, presented on November 18 in the Arthur and Janet Ross Lecture Hall by NYBG’s community gardening program, Bronx Green-Up, addressed questions about whether the unprecedented growth of urban agriculture can continue; whether urban farms can produce enough food to feed large numbers of city residents; what new policies must be adopted to improve and promote urban agriculture; what systems, techniques, and innovations we can employ to be better growers; and what benefits beyond food production urban agriculture provides to the community. The Symposium featured four distinguished speakers who addressed these critical questions and offered inspiration to experienced and aspiring urban farmers alike. Presenters were Mchezaji Axum, Incised Fumewort (Corydalis incisa) © Bobbi Angell Director of the Center for Urban Agriculture and Gardening Education at the University of the District of Columbia; Nevin Invasive plant species are a major threat Cohen, Associate Professor at CUNY School of Public Health; to biodiversity worldwide and are severely Annie Novak, Manager of the Edible Academy at The New York impacting regional ecosystems. The Invasive Botanical Garden; and Karen Washington, community activist, Species Summit held on November 6 in the gardener, and farmer. Arthur and Janet Ross Lecture Hall and co- presented with the Lower Hudson Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management, addressed the impacts of invasive species from a global to regional level: what is being done to manage them, how restoring ecosystems can help, and implications for the future. Presentation and discussions began with a morning plenary session, featuring speakers Daniel Simberloff, Professor at the University of Tennessee Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Chris Zimmerman, ecologist at The Nature Conservancy in New York; and Steven Handel, Professor at Rutgers University Department of Ecology and Evolution. Concurrent afternoon sessions consisted of short talks followed by moderated discussions with experts from various ecological organizations.

This project was contracted by the Lower Hudson Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management using funds from the Environmental Protection Fund as administered by the New York State Department of Environmental New Roots Community Farm was established with the help of Bronx Green-Up in 2012. Conservation.

11 Mertz Library Receives Rare Folios Gift By Stephen Sinon, Head of Special Collections, Research and Archives

From Willdenow, Hortus Berolinensis (left) and Gould, Monograph of the Macropodidae (right)

A recent gift of several rare folios has been given to the The Spanish Royal Botanical Expedition to New Granada LuEsther T. Mertz Library by Board Member William C. Steere, took place between 1783 and 1816 in the territories of New Jr., and his wife, Lynda. These works add depth to and enhance Granada, comprising most of northern South America. The the Library’s outstanding holdings. The Steeres join a long line botanist selected for the expedition was Father José Celestino of distinguished collectors who have donated their treasures to Mutis (1732–1808). His news about American plants was form the core of the Library’s renowned rare book collection. eagerly awaited by botanists in Europe. Altogether Mutis led the Robert Fitzgerald’s Australian Orchids, published in parts expedition for over 25 years during which they explored some between 1875 and 1894, is a remarkable work for an amateur 3,880 square miles and collected some 24,000 specimens, botanist. The exquisite hand-colored lithographic plates including 6,000 newly discovered species. More than 7,000 depict his own minute dissections in great detail. Fitzgerald drawings were created to illustrate the specimens. The (1830–92) was so accomplished in the field of botany that he manuscript and illustrations were never published until 1937. corresponded regarding Australian plants with famed naturalist To celebrate the bicentennial Mutis’ birth, the governments Charles Darwin, who referred to Fitzgerald several times in of Spain and Colombia jointly began to publish Flora de la his own published works. This is the first work written on the Real Expedición Botánica del Nuevo Reino de Granada. The subject. enormous work, now comprising 50 volumes, is expected to Karl Ludwig Willdenow (1765–1812) made Berlin into a require at least 10 additional volumes. The Steeres donated major center for exotic plants collected in the Americas, Asia several volumes of this series. and Africa, many of which are depicted in his two-volume folio, Another volume given by the Steeres is a souvenir from Hortus Berolinensis, published in parts between 1802 and 1816. a visit to Australia. John Gould’s (1804–81) magnificent Under his Directorship, the Royal Botanic Garden at Berlin was hand-colored lithographs seen in his 1841–42 publication, A completely redesigned and greatly expanded. The Steeres have Monograph of the Macropodidae, were part of a multivolume donated an extremely fine copy of this work with outstanding set on the mammals of Australia. He quickly realized the hand-colored engraved plates along with a rare copy of commercial appeal of lithography and was an immensely Willdenow’s Enumeratio plantarum listing the plants grown in successful publisher. These magnificently colored plates have the Botanic Garden in 1813. always been eagerly sought after by collectors.

12 Lord & Burnham Collection of Architectural Plans Now Available for Research

The LuEsther T. Mertz Library recently completed inventorying and rehousing a large collection of architectural plans for glasshouses designed by the renowned Lord & Burnham Company. This one-year project, funded by a grant from The New York State Archives, enabled the completion of the unprocessed backlog of drawings and plans that were part of the surviving business records of the company, the largest manufacturer of glasshouse structures in 19th- and 20th- century America. Previous grants beginning in 2003 were received from the Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS) and the Samuel H. Kress Foundation that allowed the Garden to inventory, repair, and rehouse the company’s business records. Lord & Burnham was formed in 1872 and headquartered in Irvington, New York, where it became a major employer in the lower Hudson Valley region. Greenhouse construction was just one aspect of Lord & Burnham’s operations. Glasshouse structures often required internal heating systems and the manufacture of boilers quickly became an essential part of the company’s business. As the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, it built one of its most impressive structures, the Garden’s own Enid A. Haupt Conservatory. When the company was dissolved in 1987, its surviving records were transferred to the Garden’s Archives. Processing and inventorying the collection required the identification and care of the many photo reproduction processes used by Lord & Burnham throughout its history. In effect, the company’s surviving plans and drawings tell the story of the photo duplication processes used in 19th- and 20th- century architectural design, manufacturing, and construction. Two interns who worked on processing the collection, Eleonore Kissel and Erin Vigneau, were among the first to research and document these processes. In 1999 they published Architectural Photoreproductions: A Manual for Identification and Care, a pioneering work illustrated with many examples from the Lord & Burnham collection. A subject guide documenting the history of the company and offering access to a client inventory database is available for searching from the Library’s Web site: libguides.nybg. org/lord_and_burnham. A complete finding guide to Lord & Burnham’s historic business records can be viewed online at nybg.org/library/finding_guide/archv/lord_burnhamf.html. This project is an important example of the Garden’s ongoing commitment to preserving and making accessible its many unique collections for research. The Mertz Library and the Archives are home to more than 11 million items documenting horticulture, botany, and landscape design and related fields of study serving the needs of scholars from around the globe. Elevation plan (top) and interior rendering (bottom) from the Lord & Burnham Collection

13 Students Continue Long History of Stewardship By Tai Montanarella, Marian S. Heiskell School and Family Programs Manager

Middle school students sort leaf packs on the Mill View Trail in the Thain Family Forest.

When the Lorillard family purchased 50 acres of land, a Technology, Engineering, and Math in museums throughout the small grist mill, dam, and water rights ten miles north of city, classes will have the opportunity on the first Wednesdays Manhattan along the Bronx River in 1792 with the intention of over the next seven months to participate in the tradition of manufacturing tobacco products, they succeeded in building an stewardship of the Forest through ecological monitoring of the empire. Yet despite being industrial giants, they preserved the Bronx River. As Citizen Scientists, New York City public school area for its beauty and used its trails for recreation, and thereby students will collect data about the populations of benthic becoming de facto stewards of what is now the Thain Family freshwater macroinvertebrate populations they find in leaf Forest. packs set in the river and contribute their findings to a database. Recognizing that conservation could not be left to chance Benthic freshwater macroinvertebrates are animals without in increasingly industrialized environments, when members of backbones that are visible with the naked eye, living on the the Field Committee of the Torrey Botanical Club, surveyed the bottoms of streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds. In moving bodies same land in 1891 with the intention of forming a botanical of water, the leaves that fall from trees in a watershed tend garden in New York City, it was the 50-acre native forest that to accumulate in packs behind branches, rocks, and other attracted their attention as well. Since then, Garden scientists obstructions. Whether naturally occurring packs or mesh have been observing the Forest, conducting surveys and bags filled with leaves according to a scientific protocol and transects, and making decisions about how to actively manage anchored to the river bottom, these accumulations serve as a healthy ecosystem based on information collected and excellent homes and breeding grounds for macroinvertebrates, recorded over time. which function as living barometers that indicate water quality Today, thanks to the generosity of Con Edison STEM Day when sorted and counted. Assigned a pollution tolerance, Out, an initiative especially for middle school students that their presence, absence, and amounts of various species can allows them access to education programs related to Science, indicate whether pollutants are present.

14 Energy Conservation Program Highlights By Mark Cupkovic, Vice President for Security and Operations

NYBG has been gathering and recording data about these For more than 20 years, The New York populations in order to make correlations about the level of Botanical Garden has participated in energy pollution in the water, environmental factors, and impact of conservation programs with the NYC human activities. It is compelling even for city middle school Department of Energy Management (DEM) to students standing alongside the Bronx River in the Thain reduce electrical demand and reduce carbon Family Forest today—much the way the Lorillards and Torrey emission. During this time it became evident Botanical Club did for centuries before them—to recognize that the implementation of these programs the significance of this great Forest, engage as present-day created a cost reduction, and the savings could stewards, and understand the need and desire to preserve it for fund the cost of the project. This is known as a future visitors, scientists, and macroinvertebrates alike. “payback period.” As a result NYC DEM created four significant programs that the Garden was able to implement. The first program, which started in the 1990s, was known as the HELP (High Efficiency Lighting Program). The Garden was able to change existing inefficient lighting and save approximately 50 percent in lighting costs and energy consumption. The next program that became available was called PlaNYC. The Garden conducted “retro-commissioning” of large demand equipment. This program provided funding for new air conditioning equipment for the Watson and Pratt Buildings. Most recently the city provided two new programs: ACE (Accelerated Conservation and Efficiency) and ExCEL (Expense for Conservation and Efficiency Leadership). Under the ACE program, the Garden will install LED (Light Emitting Diode) exterior lamps site-wide and install a new natural gas condensing boiler in the Operations compound in the upcoming year. Funding from the ExCEL program recently provided new variable frequency drive motors and new coils and balancing for the Pratt Building. ExCEL also provided PermaFrost NMR™, an oil additive for refrigeration oil, and MicroGuard® for coils that improved chiller efficiencies by more than 25 percent. These are just a few of the energy projects that the Garden has undertaken in the past two decades to reduce our carbon output by 50 percent per square foot of interior building space.

Con Edison supports Greening the Garden, a program encouraging energy Students prepare field journals in the GreenSchool before heading to the Forest. efficiencies and sustainable initiatives for a more environmentally friendly world.

15 From Visitor to Visitor Services By Pat Gonzalez, Visitor Services Attendant

Clockwise from top left: Ruby-throated hummingbird in the Perennial Garden; Italian wall lizard in the Everett Children’s Adventure Garden; Great horned owl in the Thain Family Forest; Painted turtles at Twin Lakes

16 Although I am a lifelong Bronxite, my association with The New additional information that would help me at the Green Booth. York Botanical Garden began in 2008, when I started visiting Quite unexpectedly I was approached by the Director of Visitor during the off-season (January–March) of my job as a licensed Services, who inquired if I wanted to join the team as a staff New York City tour guide. Unlike most visitors to this 250-acre member. How could I say no?! National Historic Landmark comprising more than one million Since 2013 I have had the privilege and many opportunities plants, I came to observe and photograph the wildlife that find to share my love of wildlife photography with my colleagues refuge here. But I could not have predicted how many different through regular photo and video presentations and continuing birds, mammals, reptiles, and insects I would encounter up close articles and photos for Plant Talk; some of my images can also during my first treks. Imagine my delight seeing owls, hawks, be seen on interpretive signs in the Forest, Native Plant Garden, and muskrats, to name just a few. I was in heaven! Within and along the Mitsubishi Wetland Trail. several months I went from casual visitor to regular Member, November 28, 2015, marks my third year as a Visitor which entitled me to unlimited visits as well as an early morning Services Attendant. Although I have gone from visitor to grounds pass that allowed access to the Garden before it member to volunteer to staff, my NYBG journey is far from over. opened to the public. There is always something new to see and experience at the In 2010 I decided to share my photos with the world with Garden, and I know I will continue to be inspired by all it offers. a Flickr account, joined NYBG’s Flickr Group, and contributed images with other like-minded enthusiasts. In 2011 my first submission to Plant Talk, the official NYBG blog, was posted. I dubbed it “A Bronx Red-tail,” a chronicle of the red-tailed hawks that hunt here. Along with the great-horned owls that live in the Forest, hawks are my favorite photographic subject matter. These winged hunters truly fascinate me. I love filming and photographing them—or rather—the challenge of keeping up with them and trying to get an image that captures their beauty and grace. Later that year, I was asked to participate in a video called “Birding at the Garden” that NYBG was producing and filming in the Forest, where I have enjoyed countless walks and perhaps feel most immersed in the natural world. I continued to submit photographs and articles to Plant Talk as well as the Garden’s Flickr Group. The feedback was incredibly rewarding and by 2012, I wanted to do more. I joined the Visitor Services Department as a Volunteer Greeter, to give back to a place that I felt was important to all New Yorkers, especially Bronxites. The Garden is not only a haven for local community members, but also living proof that the Borough is much more than bricks and mortar. Every Sunday, during the eight months that I volunteered, I welcomed the public—my favorite post was the Green Booth, which is a small information station strategically located at the beginning of Perennial Garden Way, right across from NYBG Shop just inside the main entrance. In addition to providing information about all of the day’s activities, I helped plan visits, making suggestions on where to go and what to see and do. For me, this was singularly the best part of being a Greeter. I had so many positive encounters with folks who would come from as far away as New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania for a day trip. In November 2012, I attended a staff training session for ® the upcoming annual Holiday Train Show , hoping to glean Pat Gonzalez scanning the sky for red-tailed hawks

17 A Discovery After 30 Years of Exploration By Dennis Wm. Stevenson, Ph.D., Vice President for Botanical Research & Cullman Curator

Seed cone (left) and mature seeds (right) of Zamia lindleyi

One of my major research interests is the evolution and Panamanian colleagues and I finally located not just one but classification of the Cycadales (cycads) and their placement in three mature cones with brilliant-red seeds. Moreover, there seed plant phylogeny. Recently I experienced an exhilarating were many seedlings and juvenile plants growing in the vicinity moment of discovery as a botanist: after 30 years of exploration of the plants bearing the seed cones, thus indicating that there in Panama, I found mature seed cones of Zamia lindleyi, an are viable seeds and a healthy demography for the species endangered cycad. Although this species was first discovered in the population. This is very important as the species was by Polish naturalist and plant collector Józef Warszewicz Ritter basically unknown in ex situ collections until now. von Rawicz in 1851 and described later that year by Albert Fortunately, we have germinated seeds at The New Gottfried Dietrich, then curator of the Berlin Botanical Garden, York Botanical Garden and University of Panama as well as its seeds and seed cones were unknown until August 2015. the Berlin Botanical Garden, University of Melbourne, and The species is not uncommon in the mountains of Montgomery Botanical Center in Coral Gables, Florida. All Central Panama near the Continental Divide, and there were bodes well for the survival of Zamia lindleyi as it is reproductive many records of specimens with leaves and pollen cones. and its habitat is protected. This particular Zamia is among the elegant and beautiful species of Zamia that thrive in the cloud forests. Having made This expedition was funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the International Union for many previous trips to locate the seeds and seed cones, my Conservation of Nature.

18 Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics

Lewis B. Cullman (right) with Gregory Long during a recent visit to NYBG

The preeminence of the Garden’s plant science research programs owes much to Senior Vice Chairman of the Board Lewis B. Cullman’s generosity and vision over more than two decades. The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics, founded in 1994, focuses the Garden’s plant molecular research on the global scientific effort to assemble the evolutionary Tree of Life for all plants and fungi. On the applied side, it focuses the Garden’s molecular research effort on DNA barcoding—a technique that uses small, standardized fragments of DNA as a species identity-tag. The Cullman Program, where scientists work to understand how plants grow, develop, and function, is a world leader in both the depth and breadth of research in plant evolution (phylogenetics.) The expertise of the Cullman Curators is spread across the plant kingdom, from the earliest branches of the green algae and land plants, through the gymnosperms, and to the major branches of the flowering plants. As just one example of current research, Dr. Dennis Stevenson is co-leading large, multi- institutional projects to elucidate all of the major groups of Earth’s gymnosperms (cycads, conifers, etc.) and monocots (lilies, orchids, cereals, etc.) for adding to the Tree of Life.

Zamia lindleyi with a seed cone in a cloud forest in Chiriquí, Panama Photo: Louise Hirschfeld Cullman

19 NYBG Press’ Web Site: Fresh Look, Better Access By Brian M. Boom, Ph.D., Vice President for Conservation Strategy Director, NYBG Press and Science Outreach Bassett Maguire Curator of Botany

NYBG Press’ new Web site

One of the core scientific missions of The New York Botanical Flora Volume 7, Vanilla Landscapes: Meaning, Memory and Garden is to disseminate fundamental knowledge about plants the Cultivation of Place in Madagascar, and Des Plantes and fungi. Continuously, since 1896, NYBG has fulfilled this Remarquables de Vanuatu/The Remarkable Plants of Vanuatu, role through a vigorous scientific publications program, the the latter to be co-published with Biotope, based in Mèze, broad themes of which include exploration, classification and France. identification, utilization, and conservation. Today NYBG Press As of October 2015, NYBG Press’ Web site got a facelift is one of the largest publishing programs of any independent and much-enhanced functionality and content. Please visit botanical garden in the world. nybgpress.org to view the site and to explore its many new NYBG Press publishes books and journals, both, features and offerings. Check often to discover special increasingly, in electronic as well as traditional print formats. promotions and deals by clicking on “Special Offers” in the site’s Some 300 book titles have been published to date, mostly navigation bar. through five series:Contributions from The New York Botanical You can also sign up to receive updates on latest releases, Garden, Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden, Flora upcoming events, and more. Browse the categories of titles or Neotropica, Intermountain Flora, and Advances in Economic utilize the search functions to read book descriptions, reviews, Botany. NYBG Press also offers classic botany books such as and authors’ biographical information, as well as to view videos perennial bestseller Gleason & Cronquist’s Manual of Vascular featuring selected recent authors. NYBG Press is the best Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, place for discovering and learning about The Best New Books which is being fully revised and then published electronically as in Botany™. the floristic treatments are completed. New titles in 2016 include Agaricus of North America, Manual of the Plants of British Columbia, Intermountain

20 Andrew Carnegie Distinguished Lecture to Spotlight Myanmar: January 12, 2016 By Stevenson Swanson, Science Media Manager

As Myanmar emerges from decades of isolation and political upheaval, its rich biodiversity is being opened up to commerce and tourism. In the face of this rapid change, NYBG scientists are working to document Myanmar’s undiscovered plant life, build the country’s capacity to carry out plant research, and promote the sustainable use of its forests. They will report on their recent work in the 2016 Andrew Carnegie Distinguished Lecture, NYBG Scientists in Myanmar: Tackling 21st-Century Challenges. Myanmar is a major biodiversity hotspot, with a wide range of plant species that are likely found nowhere else, yet it has probably the most poorly studied flora in the Northern Hemisphere. The country’s scientific infrastructure—the human and institutional resources needed for significant research—has suffered from decades of neglect. NYBG’s Myanmar program is tackling three major needs: to create an accurate, accessible baseline of botanical data that will empower informed conservation and management decisions, develop the capacity of Myanmar botanists to document their country’s flora, and engage local communities in the conservation and sustainable use of their forest resources. In the program’s first phase, which was supported by a grant from The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, Garden scientists worked in a protected wildlife sanctuary that is part of Myanmar’s northern forest complex, which contains the largest remaining tracts of virgin forest in mainland Southeast Asia. The next phase, also supported by the Helmsley Charitable Trust, is now underway. The team is particularly well-suited to undertake the daunting challenges of working in Myanmar’s remote forests. Douglas C. Daly, Ph.D., Director of the Garden’s Institute of Systematic Botany and B. A. Krukoff Curator of Amazonian Botany, has three decades of experience in working to document and conserve the plant species of tropical forests around the world. Charles M. Peters, Ph.D., Kate E. Tode Curator of Botany in the Garden’s Institute of Economic Botany, is a plant ecologist and a leading authority on the sustainable management of tropical forests. Garden postdoctoral fellow Kate Armstrong, Ph.D., specializes in the flora of Southeast Asia and has trained local botanists there in field and herbarium techniques.

Tuesday, January 12, 6 p.m. Christie’s, 20 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City

Learn more and register at nybg.org/adulted

The Andrew Carnegie Distinguished Lecture receives support from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. This event is generously hosted by Christie’s. Myanmar is a major biodiversity hotspot with a wide range of plant species.

21 16th Annual Winter Lecture Series: “Chelsea Gold”: January–March 2016

Luciano Giubbilei’s Laurent-Perrier Garden, which earned a Gold Medal and Best Show Garden title in 2014, was influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement.

Held annually since 1912, the Royal Horticultural Society The series begins January 28, with acclaimed botanist Chelsea Flower Show is the world’s most famous of its and landscape architect Ulf Nordfjell. His cool, elegant kind, attracting distinguished garden designers and more designs combine clean lines, native materials, and subtle, than 150,000 visitors from all over the world. Gold Medals sustainable plantings. Raised in northern Sweden, Nordfjell’s are awarded to designers meeting the highest standards commitment to ecology and the environment is apparent. His of originality, beauty, and design endeavor, as well as the presentation will draw on examples of his award-winning work— quality, range, and relevance of plants on display. Three recent characterized by his ability to set contemporary buildings in Gold Medal winners—Ulf Nordfjell, Sarah Price, and Luciano public outdoor spaces, and a desire to chose plants based on Giubbilei—comprise this year’s lineup of speakers for the their provenience. Nordfjell earned a Gold Medal in 2007 at the Garden’s 16th Annual Winter Lecture Series. Chelsea Flower Show for his garden, “A Tribute to Linnaeus,”

22 and took not only a second Gold, but also a Best in Show for his Daily Telegraph Garden in 2009, and a third Gold in 2013 for his Laurent-Perrier Garden. Sarah Price, one of Britain’s rising stars in garden design, is known for her airy and ethereal plantings and quietly impressive design impact. Price, whose presentation is February 25, achieved worldwide recognition for her work as co-designer of the 2012 Gardens at London’s Olympic Park, where plants give visitors an immersive journey through the United Kingdom’s botanical history. Price’s fine-art training and her love of wild and natural environments are reflected in her gardens, often called “painterly.” She describes her work as “gardening in the round”— inviting active engagement and exploration, hardscaping kept to a minimum, and plant forms used for the underlying structure essential to establishing each garden’s distinct atmosphere. Her designs have collected numerous awards, including at the 2012 Chelsea Flower Show, where her Daily Telegraph Garden earned a Gold Medal. Drawing on classical Italian proportion and balance, the final speaker, Luciano Giubbilei, presenting March 24, designs gardens defined by light and known for their understated elegance and serenity. Born in Italy and based in London, Giubbilei creates landscapes that show how spacing, rhythm, and the repetition of single elements create multilayered environments where culture and nature combine to forge an emotional connection between people and place. Giubbilei has earned many industry honors, including Gold Medals at the Chelsea Flower Show in 2009, 2011, and 2014—when his Laurent-Perrier Garden also garnered the event’s most prestigious accolade, the Best Show Garden. His book, The Art of Making Gardens, is due in early 2016.

Three Thursdays: January 28, February 25, & March 24 10−11:30 a.m. Arthur and Janet Ross Lecture Hall

Learn more and register at nybg.org/adulted

Sarah Price’s fine-art influence and “painterly” style are apparent in her work for the Olympic Gardens North America in London (top). Ulf Nordjfell’s Laurent-Perrier Garden earned a Gold Medal in the 2013 Funded in part by the Barbara Cushing Paley Fund RHS Chelsea Flower Show (bottom).

23 Humanities Institute Fellowship and Visiting Scholarship Program Update By Vanessa Bezemer Sellers, Humanities Research Coordinator

The influx of a lively crop of Fellows and Visiting Scholars in the Studies, Fordham University, whose project is entitled The Herbs second year of the Humanities Institute, generously supported in Mertz Library, Circa Instans: Platearius’ Descriptions and by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, has contributed to a Medieval Food Culture. While studying at the Garden, the Junior convivial atmosphere in the LuEsther T. Mertz Library. In addition Fellows have been actively involved with programs campus- to conducting their own studies—ranging from urban greening wide, and in doing so have made meaningful connections with to plant history and the philosophy of botany—these scholars scientists and other experts in their fields of study. actively participate in the Institute’s academic programs. The presence of these Fellows as well as senior and Mellon Fellow Theodore Eisenman, Ph.D., Department emerging scholars, selected from a large pool of strong of City and Regional Planning, University of Pennsylvania, is candidates, has significantly enhanced the creation and converting his dissertation, Making Meaning of Urban Greening development of an intellectual community at the Garden in the Anthropocene, into a book. concerned with innovative, interdisciplinary approaches to the Mellon Fellow Ryan Feigenbaum, Ph.D. Candidate, Villanova environmental humanities. University, Department of Philosophy, is focusing his research on a late-18th-century “poetic-botany” movement fueled by Erasmus Darwin’s The Botanic Garden, a Poem (1791) while completing his dissertation entitled The Epistemic Foundations of German Biology, 1790–1802. The Program also provides research stipends to senior scholars. The first recipient of the Visiting Scholarship awards is Daniel Kevles, Ph.D., Stanley Woodward Professor of History, History of Medicine and American Studies, Yale University. Dr. Kevles is working on a manuscript entitled Vital Properties (to be published by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.), describing the innovation, commerce, and intellectual property protection in living organisms since the colonial era, and discovered important new information while working in the Mertz Library and Archives, which will be incorporated into his book. The second Visiting Scholar, Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis, Ph.D., University of Florida, Gainesville, Biology Department and History Department, is focused on the history of evolutionary biology, genetics, and systematics. The title of her project is American Botanists and the “Cinchona Missions” in Latin America, 1942–1945; she will be concentrating her efforts on examination of the rich archival collections, especially the papers of William Campbell Steere, Ph.D. (1907–1989), who was Director of The New York Botanical Garden from 1958 to 1972. The Humanities Institute was able to build on its programming by offering three Junior Fellowships for emerging scholars, supported by The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation. The selected Junior Fellows are: Elaine Ayers, Graduate Student, Program in the History of Science, Princeton University, whose project is entitled Unfurling Fronds: Cryptograms, Women Botanizers, and Cultures of Victorian Gardening; Claire Sabel, MPhil, History and Philosophy of Science, Darwin College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, with a project entitled The Influence of Hans Sloane’s A Voyage to the Islands (1707–1725) on the Botanical Study of Jamaica; and Top: Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis (left) and Daniel Kevles (right) Bottom (left to right): Elaine Ayers, Ryan Feigenbaum, Theodore Eisenman, David Smigen-Rothkopf, David Smigen-Rothkopf, Masters Student, Center for Medieval Claire Sabel

24 Greening the Garden’s Grass By Kurt Morrell, AP Farm Associate Vice President for Landscape Operations

NYBG began the transition to more sustainable turf management practices a decade ago.

Over the past several years, local governments across the Sometimes Garden visitors notice a “fishy” smell as country have enacted laws that restrict the use of both fertilizers they stroll through the landscape. This odor comes from and pesticides on turf in an effort to reduce the impacts of turf fish hydrolysate, also known as fish emulsion, which is a key care products on human and environmental health. These new component of our efforts to grow healthy turf. Fish emulsion regulations have led to significant changes to best management is both a well-balanced fertilizer that provides essential plant practices for lawn care. Fortunately NYBG began the transition macro- and micro-nutrients as well as a bio-stimulant that feeds to more sustainable turf management practices a decade ago. soil microorganisms. While the fishy smell dissipates after a few The Garden’s lawns are exposed to myriad environmental hours, the benefits of healthy soil are long lasting. and physical stresses. As we strive for exceptional turf Fish emulsion is not the only natural product we use to quality throughout the site, we must continually look at how promote healthy soil and vigorous turf. Kelp and humic acid our management decisions and practices affect the soil are also important ingredients in our turf care program. Kelp microorganisms that sustain both the turf and the historic tree contains various hormones, vitamins, amino acids, and minerals collections. Research has shown that these microorganisms are that increase antioxidant levels in turf grass, stimulate root sensitive to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. By reducing use growth, and increase drought tolerance. Humic acid improves of turf chemicals, we support the life in the soil that helps keep water and nutrient uptake. In combination with fish emulsion, turf healthy and reduce disease, insect, and weed problems. kelp and humic acid allow us to grow healthy turf while reducing It is not enough to simply reduce the use of chemicals; we the need for irrigation and nitrogen-rich fertilizers. must also feed the soil microorganisms that promote healthy There are two other key elements of our turf care program: turf. Our soil fertility program includes regular applications of cutting to the proper height of three inches and leaving grass natural products such as molasses, kelp, fish hydrolysate, humic clippings on the lawn. Cutting high preserves more leaf area acids, and other bio-stimulants containing essential minerals for photosynthesis and helps shade out annual weeds. Leaving and vitamins that stimulate life in the soil. Over time, regular clippings on the lawn returns nutrients and organic matter to application of these products has led to deeper-rooted turf the soil. In combination with our efforts to improve the health of with increased resistance to pests and disease and greater our soil, these common-sense techniques have made our grass tolerance of heat and drought stress. “greener” in every way.

25 Recent Grants Support NYBG’s Wide-Ranging Work

The New York Botanical Garden is excited to announce receipt carried out in collaboration with partners at several regional of several very important grants to support work in science, and national science and conservation institutions in Myanmar. education, exhibition programming, and horticulture. Such transformational awards will help NYBG continue to serve as • NYBG received a two-year $460,000 Implementation grant a community anchor in the Bronx and as a leader in STEM from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) education and plant science and conservation the world over. for the 2016 Garden-wide exhibition Impressionism: American Gardens on Canvas. Funding will support all components of • In fiscal year 2016, NYBG was awarded $7 million this landmark exhibition, enable NYBG to travel the LuEsther from the New York City Council, with support from T. Mertz Library’s Art Gallery show to the Taubman Museum Councilmembers Melissa Mark-Viverito, Julissa Ferreras- of Art (Roanoke, VA), and provide funding for a new, two-year, Copeland, and Ritchie Torres, and $1 million from Bronx full-time Digital Interpretive Specialist. Borough President Ruben Diaz Jr. for repairs and upgrades of the Enid A. Haupt Conservatory. This funding will not only • NYBG was one of 18 New York City cultural institutions to preserve this historic living classroom for future generations, receive a $200,000 Presidential Discretionary Grant from but also create a national model in sustainable and energy the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Funding will be efficient operations for a landmark building. used to support existing programs in the arts and sciences for students in kindergarten through 12th grade. • In fiscal year 2015, NYBG received awards in the amounts of $2 million each from Mayor Bill de Blasio and the New York • Cigna Foundation has awarded a $130,000 “World City Council, resulting in a $4 million investment in capital of Difference” grant to NYBG for the project, Improving improvements to the Everett Children’s Adventure Garden. Healthcare for Underserved Immigrant Latino and Caribbean These funds will increase significantly our ability to provide Communities in New York City. This marks the second year out-of-school time programming and increase the quality of Cigna awarded a major gift to this innovative, one-of-a-kind our science curriculum by improving exhibitions, classroom project. Led by Dr. Ina Vandebroek, Matthew Calbraith Perry space, and other infrastructure within the 12-acre Children’s Assistant Curator of Economic Botany and Caribbean Program Adventure Garden. Director in NYBG’s Institute of Economic Botany, the project improves health care for underserved immigrant Latino and • The Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS) Caribbean communities by bridging the gap between health has awarded NYBG two major grants: a two-year $846,457 care professionals and the immigrant communities they serve. National Leadership Grant for Libraries for BHL Expanding Access to Biodiversity Literature, a collaborative project with • The LuEsther T. Mertz Charitable Trust renewed and Missouri Botanical Garden, Harvard’s Ernst Mayr Library of the increased their essential operating support with a three-year Museum of Comparative Zoology, and Smithsonian Institution commitment that will strengthen NYBG’s plant research and Libraries, as part of the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL); conservation activities, audience development and visitor and a $150,000 Museums for America grant for Nature’s services initiatives, and horticultural endeavors. Artifacts: Secrets of the Steere Herbarium, a new exhibition designed for the Arthur and Janet Ross Gallery that will • NYBG Board Member Diane Katzin has pledged to create explore herbarium specimens as museum pieces, scientific the Jerome and Miriam Katzin Endowment for Seasonal data, and historical artifacts. Plantings. This new endowment will ensure that visitors will always be welcomed at the Conservatory, Bedford Park, • The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust and Mosholu Gates and the Leon Levy Visitor Center with awarded NYBG a three-year $688,208 grant to support the beautiful, luxuriantly planted pots and planters. establishment of a plant conservation and forest resource management program in Myanmar. Building upon a successful • NYBG Board Member Caroline A. Wamsler, Ph.D., and pilot project, also funded by the Helmsley Charitable Trust, DeWayne N. Phillips have made a commitment toward the to lay the groundwork for such a program, NYBG will scale Propagation Nursery of the expanded Edible Academy. With up its efforts to document the country’s highly diverse flora, its cold frames, shade structures, and tables, the Nursery will strengthen its botanical research capacity, and develop forest be the center of the site’s horticultural operations and play an management plans at the community level. This work will be important role in extending the growing season.

26 Tending the Garden’s Future: The Perennial Society

Ernest (Ernie) Cavallo, former schoolteacher and attorney, has been a Member of the Garden for more than 20 years. Passionate about gardening from a young age, he even considered becoming a farmer. Today Ernie’s passion is the propagation of snowdrops. He is extremely proud of his personal collection that comprises 150 different varieties—some of which are extremely rare in the United States. Since his first visit at age 22, Ernie has watched the Garden transform into the urban oasis that it is today. During the past four years, he has been a Horticulture volunteer, dedicating his time to caring for NYBG’s snowdrop collection by assisting with the planting of bulbs in the Perennial Garden and Azalea Garden in fall and tending the hardy early blooms in late winter, which always serve as a pleasant reminder that spring is on its way. Recently Ernie joined the Perennial Society. “I don’t believe in giving large amounts of money to individuals—just small gifts to family. I want to leave a legacy. I want to support the future of NYBG.” As such Ernie has included a gift to the Garden in his will. To learn more about how you can support the future of the Garden, please contact the Office of Planned Giving at 718.817.8545, e-mail [email protected], or visit nybgplannedgiving.org.

27 Edible Academy Family Garden Picnic

On September 27, more than 300 guests enjoyed a fun-filled afternoon of outdoor discovery with special guest Chef Carla Hall, co-host of ABC’s The Chew, and chefs from Mario Batali’s acclaimed restaurants—Andy Nusser and Anthony Sasso—with cooking demonstrations, workshops, and a delicious picnic. Families took part in kitchen crafts, organic vegetable gardening activities, live music, tree climbing, and much more. Proceeds from the annual event underwrite the NYBG’s Edible Academy, hub of the children’s organic vegetable gardening program. The Edible Academy and its planned state- of-the-art facility will significantly expand the edible gardening program opportunities, so that twice as many children, parents, and teachers (from 50,000 to 100,000 annually) can learn how to grow organic fruits and vegetables, as well as make the important connections among plants, gardening, nutrition, and the benefits of a healthful lifestyle.

The Thain Family

The Lansing Family Cooking Demonstration featuring Chef Carla Hall

28 Rose Garden Dinner

At the 25th Anniversary of the Rose Garden Dinner on October 8, beloved stage, screen, and television star, and avid rose enthusiast Julie Andrews was honored alongside the Garden’s own Peggy Rockefeller Rose Garden Curator Stephen Scanniello for their shared passion for roses. More than 300 of the Garden’s family and friends gathered in the renowned Peggy Rockefeller Rose Garden during its spectacular second annual bloom for cocktails and exclusive tours. Guests then enjoyed an elegant dinner and dancing in the beautifully decorated Garden Terrace Room. The evening also featured a special presentation on stunning disease-resistant rose varieties and sustainable rose gardening practices by Mr. Scanniello. Proceeds directly support the Fund for Horticulture and the continued preservation and development of the historic Rockefeller Rose Garden.

Cocktail Hour in the Rockefeller Rose Garden

(left to right) Nonie Sullivan, Maureen Chilton, Marjorie Rosen, Stephen Scanniello, Julie Andrews, Gregory (left to right) Stephen Scanniello, Maureen Chilton, Julie Andrews, Sigourney Weaver, and Gregory Long Long, Janet Montag, and Friederike Biggs

29 Donor Acknowledgments The New York Botanical Garden thanks the following donors who made gifts of $500 or more between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2015.

30 $100,000 or more Mrs. Arthur Ross Guerlain Mish Tworkowski and Joseph Singer Jayne and Leonard Abess Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Royce The Marc Haas Foundation Univision Contigo Acacia Conservation Fund Estate of Edward D. Schmidt The Hagedorn Fund Wallace Genetic Foundation, Inc. Edward P. Bass Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Drs. Patricia K. and Noel H. Holmgren Edwin S. Webster Foundation Bloomberg Philanthropies and The Starr Foundation Institute of Museum and Library Mr. and Mrs. Edward K. Weld Bloomberg L.P. Mr. and Mrs. William C. Steere, Jr. Services Lucille Werlinich Mr. and Mrs. Richard L. Chilton, Jr. Judy and Michael Steinhardt Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Mitchell Jennings Jr. Anonymous (1) Cigna Foundation Carmen and John Thain Sonia and Paul Jones J. Barclay Collins II and Kristina G. The Tiffany & Co. Foundation Jose Cuervo Reserva $10,000 to $24,999 Durr Mr. and Mrs. Richard R. Vietor Annette Kade Charitable Trust 1stdibs Larry E. Condon and John J. Hoffee Caroline A. Wamsler, Ph.D. and Muriel McBrien Kauffman Foundation Adobe Foundation Con Edison DeWayne N. Phillips Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean Aeromexico Airlines Lewis B. and Louise Hirschfeld Shelby White and the Leon Levy Elysabeth Kleinhans Maurice Amado Foundation Cullman Foundation Lawrence Lederman, Esq. and Kitty American Express Mr. and Mrs. Marvin H. Davidson Mr.† and Mrs. Robert Zoellner Hawks Andron Construction Corporation Amy Goldman Fowler, Ph.D. and Cary Anonymous (1) Lemberg Foundation, Inc. Judy and John M. Angelo Fowler, Ph.D. The Lucius N. Littauer Foundation Frank J. Antun Foundation The Lillian Goldman Charitable Trust $25,000 to $99,999 Gregory Long Lily Auchincloss Foundation, Inc. Google Inc. Aetna Foundation, Inc. Leon Lowenstein Foundation, Inc. AXA Foundation, Inc. Robert F. Gossett, Jr. Altman Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert C. Maurer Rose M. Badgeley Residuary Hearst Corporation Amore Pacific Estate of Marjorie C. McDermott Charitable Trust, HSBC Bank USA, William Randolph Hearst Foundation Azteca America Mexico Tourism Board N.A., Trustee Mrs. Andrew Heiskell Michael Bakwin Lynden B. Miller and Leigh M. Miller Badgley Mischka The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Bank of America Dr. and Mrs. George M. Milne, Jr. The Barker Welfare Foundation Charitable Trust Anne Hendricks Bass Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Sylvester F. Miniter IV Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Bartlett Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J. Hubbard Elizabeth G. Beinecke Charitable MJS Foundation The Kurt Berliner Foundation and the Harriet Ford Dickenson Unitrust Dr. Peter Model and Dr. Marjorie Scott Bessent Foundation Gary A. and Carole P. Beller Russel Mr.† and Mrs. Jeremy H. Biggs Mr. and Mrs. William H. Janeway BNY Mellon Marion Moore Foundation, Inc. Marguerite and Walter Bopp Mr. and Mrs. Charles B. Johnson B. H. Breslauer Foundation Inc. Morgan Stanley Cynthia D. Brodsky Jill Joyce Ambassador and Mrs. W.L. Lyons Henry and Lucy Moses Fund, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Brodsky JPMorgan Chase and JPMorgan Brown Motorola Solutions Foundation Brooks Brothers Chase Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Coleman P. Burke My Good Fund Trust Ildiko and Gilbert Butler Karen Katen Foundation Carnegie Corporation of New York Laura J. Niles Foundation, Inc. Chanel Diane Katzin and Richard Kurnit Carolina Herrera New York The Northern Trust Co. Lois Chiles and Richard Gilder Susan E. Lynch Mrs. Thomas H. Choate Hatsue S. Nozaki Colleen Ferguson Clark and Michael MasterCard Worldwide The Christensen Fund Mr. and Mrs. William B. O’Connor Clark Mr. and Mrs. George E. Matelich Citi The Overbrook Foundation Colgate-Palmolive Company The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Clif Bar Family Foundation The Palm Foundation Rosemarie and J. V. Cossaboom Melville Foundation Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y Mrs. William G. Pannill Rebecca Davies and Jeremy R. Vivian and Edward Merrin las Artes Margaret and Andy Paul Kramer LuEsther T. Mertz Charitable Trust Credit Suisse Alexander R. Peacock Trust Florence A. Davis and Anthony C. MetLife and MetLife Foundation Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund Pfizer Inc & The Pfizer Foundation Gooch Mitsubishi Corporation (Americas) Sarah K. deCoizart Article TENTH The Prospect Hill Foundation The Helen Matchett De Mario The Ambrose Monell Foundation Perpetual Charitable Trust Qatalyst Partners Foundation Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Deloitte LLP Ellen and Kenneth Roman Jean Doyen de Montaillou and Vincent Mulford Foundation Cleveland H. Dodge Foundation, Inc. Royal Bank of Canada Michael A. Kovner National Endowment for the Jacqueline H. Dryfoos Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas J. Sakellariadis Deutsche Bank Humanities E.W. Howell Co., LLC Stuart Salenger Foundation E.H.A. Foundation, Inc. National Trust for Historic The Eppley Foundation for Research, Donna and Marvin Schwartz Entergy Nuclear Northeast Preservation Inc. The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company Andrea Henderson Fahnestock and Newman’s Own Foundation FMPT CDMX, Mexico City Tourism Mr. and Mrs. Robert S. Searle George A. Hambrecht Stavros Niarchos Foundation Board Estate of Dr. Emory Guy Simmons Patricia and Eric Fast Mr. and Mrs. Wilson Nolen Mr. and Mrs. A. Alexander Fontanes Mr. and Mrs. A. J. C. Smith The Helen Clay Frick Foundation PepsiCo, Inc. F. Gordon Foster Charitable Trust Sony Corporation of America Mr. and Mrs. Mario Gabelli Mr. and Mrs. John R. Robinson Jacques & Natasha Gelman Mr. and Mrs. Robert K. Steel Mrs. Robert Garrett David Rockefeller Foundation Harriet and Warren Stephens Meredith and Whitney George Adam R. Rose and Peter R. McQuillan Mr. and Mrs. Lionel Goldfrank III Mr. and Mrs. John M. Sullivan, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Timothy M. George Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey A. Rosen Dr. William B. Goldstein Time Warner Inc. Gildea Foundation, Inc.

31 Donor Acknowledgments

$10,000 to $24,999 (Continued) Mr. and Mrs. Martin D. Shafiroff The Gladys Krieble Delmas Prestige Properties & Development Glamour Magazine Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Foundation Sabra Purtill Mr. and Mrs. Todd A. Goergen Flom DeMartini Family Foundation Wendy and Paul Raether Brad and Sunny Goldberg Mrs. Howard W. Smith Dooney & Bourke Mr. and Mrs. Paul Richards Goldman, Sachs & Co. Stanley Smith Horticultural Trust Mrs. Robert R. Douglass Katie Ridder and Peter Pennoyer Herman Goldman Foundation, Inc. The John Ben Snow Memorial Trust Susan E. Dunne Ronnie and Richard Riker Mr. and Mrs. Martin D. Gruss Dr. Robert C. and Tina Sohn Douglas and Susanne Durst Susan Rodriguez and Charles Lowrey The H. W. Wilson Foundation Foundation Margaret P. and John Falk Lolita and Simon Roosevelt Estate of Gerhard J. Haas Mr. and Mrs. William C. Steere III Joan M. Felder Allyson and Trip Samson Harney & Sons Fine Teas Mr. and Mrs. Lionel N. Sterling Dr. and Mrs. Ricardo R. Fernández Sarah I. Schieffelin Residuary Trust Mai Hallingby Harrison The Geraldine Stutz Trust, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Richard Field Seaman Schepps & Co., Inc. ING Financial Services Sumitomo Corporation Mrs. James T. Flynn Eugene and Susan Sekulow Mr. and Mrs. William Jacob III Tata Consultancy Services Jill P. Fowler Leland Shafer Charitable Trust The J.C.C. Fund of the Japanese Karen and David Thomas The Frelinghuysen Foundation Mrs. C. Sidamon-Eristoff Chamber of Commerce and Industry Barbara and Donald Tober Philip and Julia Geier Gillian Hearst Simonds of New York The Trust for Public Land Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Goelet Howard S. Slatkin Mr. and Mrs. Henry P. Johnson Edith F. Unger Dorian Goldman and Marvin Israelow Marcia Strean Mrs. Carlisle Jones Mr. and Mrs. Hans P. Utsch Anthony and Linda Grant Mrs. Wilmer J. Thomas, Jr. Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen The Walt Disney Company Green Mountain Energy Company Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. Foundation Dr. Karl M.F. Wamsler Mr. and Mrs. Leonard S. Gruenberg Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan M. Wainwright Seth A. Klarman Dr. Elizabeth Weinshel and Dr. Joel Linda Hackett - C.A.L. Foundation, The Walbridge Fund, Ltd. Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers Goldfarb Inc. Lucy R. Waletzky, M.D. Elaine and Ken Langone Whole Foods Company Mr. and Mrs. Dennis L. Hagenbuch Susan W. Weatherley Louise S. Lehrman Mrs. B. Robert Williamson, Jr. Roy E. Halling Ph.D. and Barbara Willis North America Angus and Leslie Littlejohn Anonymous (5) Thiers, Ph.D. Joan Winant Mr. and Mrs. James M. Lober Trish Hamlin Dee and Pug Winokur Macy’s $5,000 to $9,999 Bill and Candy Hamm Jean C. Wood Mr. and Mrs. Peter L. Malkin Adirondack Community Trust - Rocky Anne and Bill Harrison The Donald and Barbara Zucker McGraw Hill Financial Bog Fund Michael and Dr. Sandra Hecht Foundation Bethany and Robert B. Millard Allen and Company, Inc. David and Joan Henle Anonymous (3) The Moody’s Foundation Christopher F. Allwin Hudson River Foundation The Morse Family Foundation The Allwin Family Foundation IfOnly $1,500 to $4,999 Nationwide Life Insurance Company Eric J. Altmann Diane and Jeffrey Jennings Thomas F. Aaron Neuberger Berman Anderson-Rogers Foundation, Inc. James W. Kinnear Stephen and Marsha Ackerman New York State Council on the Arts R. Ellen Avellino Suzie and Bruce Kovner Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Ades Mr. and Mrs. Victor Niederhoffer Milton and Sally Avery Arts Sidney and Judith Kranes Charitable Gwendolyn Akin Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm C. Nolen Foundation Trust American Society of Botanical Artists Jean R. Peacock Trust Carrie Lynn Baker Mr. and Mrs. Leonard LaPorta American Society of Perfumers Amy and John R. Peckham Mr. and Mrs. Randall J. Barbato Lehman College Dr. Elizabeth D. Ames Pineda Covalin The Bay and Paul Foundations The Liman Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Neil Amoruso Mr. and Mrs. Jean Putzer James Benenson, Jr. Chien C. Liu Amtrak Encarnita and Robert Quinlan Sander and Norma K. Buchman Fund Marina B. Natalie Andersen Raoul Mr. and Mrs. Willem Buiter Marketing Werks, A CROSSMARK® Mr. and Mrs. Dwight Anderson Jill and Alan Rappaport E. Rhodes & Leona B. Carpenter Company Dr. O. Roger Anderson Estate of Herbert Reach Foundation Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Dr. and Mrs. David L. Andrews The Beatrice Renfield Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Edmund M. Carpenter Mayer Brown LLP Hope P. Annan The Rice Family Foundation Mark and Anla Cheng Kingdon Richard and Ronay Menschel W. Graham Arader III Ariana Rockefeller Foundation Maryfrances Metrick Ann Howell Armstrong Elizabeth P. Rosenfeld Clarins USA Mex-Am Cultural Foundation, Inc. Henry H. Arnhold May and Samuel Rudin Family Frances Condon-Hanks Erika M. Miller Ann Griffith Ash Foundation, Inc. Jerry Ann Woodfin Costa and Victor Modelo Beer Dr. Janet Jeppson Asimov Lily Safra Costa Mrs. George B. Moore Atwater Kent Foundation Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Safran The Cowles Charitable Trust Mr. and Mrs. William I. Morton William E. Austin and Barbara Sykes- Barbara Cirkva Schumacher and John Mara Liasson Cuneo National Endowment for the Arts Austin Schumacher Mrs. Charles A. Dana, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Niemeth Ginny and Dominick Azzaro Sara and Axel Schupf Courtnay and Terry Daniels Mr. and Mrs. Timothy J. O’Neill Dr. David Allan Baker Charles and Helen Schwab George and Wendy David Liz and Jeff Peek Lindsay Baker and Christopher J. Select Equity Group Foundation Lucy and Nat Day Thomas Peterffy DiAngelo The Selz Foundation Alexandra Porter Michael J. Balick, Ph.D.

32 Mark Barres Carolyn Curtis Mark Grigalunas Phyllis J. Kubey and Charles E. Francis D. and Mary S. Bartow II Cushman & Wakefield, Inc. Roger Gromet Schmidt F. Harlan Batrus The Dana Foundation Maryann Guido David Kuck David W. Baum Sandra de Ovando Agnes Gund Edith R. Laird Matthew A. Baxter Carla DeGaetano H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture Mr. and Mrs. Joseph A. LaNasa III Stephen and Janet S. Bear Laura Delano and Bob Celli LLC Langan The Edward H. Benenson Foundation Michael and Dudley Del Balso Herbert H. Haft Margo Langenberg Dr. Thea Benenson and Mr. Richard Mr. and Mrs. Michael A. Delaney Mary W. Harriman Foundation Annie and James Lansing Benenson Janet L. Denlinger Barry L. Hartglass The Robert J. Laskowski Foundation Ronney and Henry Berinstein Marie G. Dennett Foundation, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Ted Hartley The Leonard and Evelyn Lauder Elizabeth Berman Robert and Alice Dent Mr. and Mrs. John Havens Foundation John Bernstein and Diana Davenport Stephen and Lorraine Dente Rosaria Heide Leonard and Judy Lauder Fund Mr. and Mrs. Raphael Bernstein August DiRenzo Rosa and Robert Heinisch Paul N. Leitner Mr. and Mrs. Bruno Bich Jennifer and Dave Dobell Daisy Helman Janet and Mel Lewinter Mrs. Peter S. Bing Marjorie Doniger Rosa Hempel and Heidi Wardlaw Joy Liasson Marta and David Black Donohue Family Foundation Stephen and Joan Hermes Martin and Susan Lipton Peter and Sofia Blanchard Eve Dorfzaun James† and Janet Hester The Litwin Foundation Laura B. Blau Mr. and Mrs. Mark M. Dowley Highline Capital Management, LLC Patricia Lizarraga Lois D. Blumenfeld Karen Drotzer and Thomas McMahon Mrs. Frank W. Hoch Arthur L. Loeb Louis H. Blumengarten Margaret and Clinnis Dudley Howard Horowitz Long Island Jewish Medical Center Charles Boccio Mrs. Jack Dunn Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Horowitz Mr. and Mrs. Jesse R. Lovejoy Bonnie Bogdanoff and Suelyn Farel Douglas J. Durkin Hayden Hosford Mr. and Mrs. Alexander P. Lynch Tina F. Bolton Mr. and Mrs. Paul S. Efron Carole and Jim Hunt Jennifer Lynch and Edmond Mary Bopp Eileen Fisher David and Mary Iles FitzGerald Merilee and Roy Bostock Emerald Tree Care Company Melissa Karine Jacobs Jeanne Manischewitz and Michael Mr. and Mrs. Avery Bourke Mr. and Mrs. Gee Eng Amy and John Jacobsson Doniger Mr. and Mrs. Samuel A. Bowman III Mr. and Mrs. Howard L. English Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Richard E. Jaffe Mr. and Mrs. Serafin U. Mariel Susan Braddock Ennead Architects LLP Richard H. Jenrette Joan and Paul A. Marks, M.D. Berdie Brady Ernst & Young LLP Jewish Communal Fund of New York Jacqueline B. Mars Mr. and Mrs. Scott Brittingham Mrs. John W. Espy Jaime Jimenez Kent and Eleanor Martin Katie Brown and William Gedale Elizabeth S. Eustis Richard O. Jones Liz and Arthur Martinez Carol and William Browne Christina Evans Estate of Bernhard Kaiser David and Anita Massengill Marilyn D. and Louis E. Brus Mr. and Mrs. James H. Everest The Kandell Fund Joan Ann Mauro Noreen Buckfire Elizabeth Everett Mr. and Mrs. Scott B. Kapnick Charles B. Mayer, Jr. and Dolly Mr. and Mrs. Michael J. Bucuvalas Jeffrey and Leslie Falk Mr. and Mrs. Howard Kaskel Persaud Mr. and Mrs. Kevin Burke Jim Fassold Mubashir Kazi Amory and Sean McAndrew Mr. and Mrs. Lucien D. Burnett Cantor Elaine Faver Jane and Peter Keegan Cheryne and David McBride Rhett Butler Helga Feder Whitney and Fred Keen Karen L. McDonald Sam and Sally Butler Elaine Fein Virgina and Richard Keim Terrence and Sara McGarty Russell and Anne Byers Lawrence F. Flick, IV Charlotte O’B. Kenney Martin and Toni McKerrow Robert B. Catell Stephanie S. Flinn Leona Kern Nancy McLamon and Mary McLamon Elizabeth J. Cates Anne Ford Amy Khoudari and Frances Katherine Mcloughlin Patricia and John Chadwick Pamela and David B. Ford Greenstein Constance and H. Roemer McPhee Wanla Cheng Todd Forrest and Alison S. Pratt John H. Kilbourne McVicker & Higginbotham, Inc. Cindy Citrone Sabrina Forsythe and Walter Raquet Jane and Charles Klein Carol and Philip Mehler City World Toyota Mr. and Mrs. Graham B. Foster Ruth and Seymour Klein Foundation Gail Lutz Meisel, M.D. Lillian Clagett Gannett Foundation Lisa Kleist Paul A. Meyers, M.D. and Maria L. Leslie Moore Clarke Sally Gavin Margaret Klemm Padilla, M.D. Sandy Cobden and Ira Freehof Perlinia Gibbs Mr. and Mrs. Gregory S. Knese Amy Todd Middleton and Curtis R. Susan and Bruce Cohen Pam and Bob Goergen Sheila Camera Kotur Middleton Patricia Cook, Ph.D. Mr. and Mrs. Peter S. Goltra Dennis and Kimberly Kozlowski Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth E. Mifflin Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Cooper Mr. and Mrs. Greg Gonzalez Joan and Daniel Kram Allison and Roberto Mignone Leon and Toby Cooperman Jane and Roger Goodell Thomas F. Kranz Lisa Miller and Christopher Leicht Patricia Costanza/Advanced Animal Mr. and Mrs. John B. Goodwin Jr. Eric and Sandra Krasnoff Virginia A. Millhiser & Pest Control Christine Gordon Robert D. and Carol H. Krinsky Mr. and Mrs. Ira M. Millstein Mary Cronson Nina Grauer Dr. Susan Krysiewicz and Mr. Thomas Carolyn and George Milne Cullman & Kravis, Inc. Marcia Greenberg and Stanley Bell Janet and Tom Montag Jane and Mark Cupkovic Greenberg, M.D. Mr. and Mrs. Clement C. Moore II

33 Donor Acknowledgments

$1,500 to $4,999 (Continued) Suzanne Rheinstein Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Taggart Candace Anderson Mary and Garrett Moran Alexandra and Alex Robertson Mr. and Mrs. Raymond M. Tierney III Dimitris Andriopoulos Susan Morgenthau Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Robinson Coralie S. Toevs John and Gabriele Arents Avie and Gigi Mortimer The Rockefeller Group, Inc. Meredith A. Townsend Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey W. Aschkenes Frank Moschella and Jacquelyn Jennifer and Robert Rominiecki Paul Tracy Jean-Francois Astier Suarez Mark and Susan Romney Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Trainor Atlas Welding and Boiler Repair Charlotte Moss John and Eleanor Rorer Michael Tuch Foundation, Inc. Roberta Auerbach Michael P. Mulligan and Theresa Mr. and Mrs. Aaron Rose Robert L. Turner Susan M. Augusto Mulligan Susannah Rose Carol Tvelia and Tracy Delmerico Linda Bader and Howard Bader Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. Murphy Richard Rosenfeld Mr. and Mrs. John E. Vandenberg Lalit Bahl Dr. Martin A. Nash Barbara S. Rosenthal Varnum-DeRose Charitable Azzam Baker, M.D. Karen and James Neel Zita Rosenthal Remainder Annuity Trust Baldwin Public Library Jacki and Neal Nemerov Mr. and Mrs. Cye E. Ross Verizon Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Neil Baldwin The New York Community Trust Mr. and Mrs. Ralf Roth W. P. Carey Inc. Mr. and Mrs. W. Preston Baldwin III New York Council for the Humanities, Mrs. Harry A. Russell Edward O. Wagner Catherine E. Bambrick a state affiliate of the National Bonnie J. Sacerdote Jeannette Sloan Warner Barbourtown Foundation Endowment for the Humanities Anna Sakellariadis Karl A. Washwick and Elizabeth Luis Barrios and Jeffrey Main Scott Newman Barbara S. Samuelson Coleman Cindy Baulsir Wendy Newman Janet and Bruce Sargent Mr. and Mrs. Alan G. Weiler Mr. and Mrs. Joey Bednar The Norinchukin Foundation, Inc. The Schiff Foundation Sue Ann Weinberg David Beer North Shore LIJ Heath System Frances Schultz Dena K. Weiner and David Rozenholc Byrdie Bell Diane M. Nydick Mr. and Mrs. William C. Scott Gloria and David Weinshel Susan S. Bell Louise Orzo and Philip Cannistraro The Ivan Seidenberg Foundation Inc. Beatrice Welch Nancy Bemis Darren Oster Gail Selover and Maryanne Roche Welding Works Inc. Sandye Berger and Renee Berger Hanna and Greg Ostroff Mr. and Mrs. J. Richard Semels Judy and Josh Weston Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Bernaz Carol Ostrow and Michael Graff Diana G. Serrell Stacey Weston Mr. and Mrs. Joshua Berne Mr. and Mrs. Willard J. Overlock Richard and Mable Seymour Mr. and Mrs. William F. Whaley Michalina Bickford Susan Paine Mr. and Mrs. Eric P. Sheinberg Margaret Whitton and Warren Spector Sharon L. Bigelow Connie Papoulas Andrew J. Simmons and Nancy Black Margy and Paul Whyte Mr. and Mrs. James J. Bigham John Parise and Margo Hassan Simmons Julia and Nigel Widdowson Joni Bingham Mr. and Mrs. Paul B. Parvis SJS Management Corp Dr. Daryl L. Wieland and Mr. Andrew T. Barbara E. Bishop Kelly and Gerry Pasciucco Mr. and Mrs. Laurence R. Smith Berenblum Barbara Bispham Patterson, Belknap, Webb & Tyler LLP Michelle Smith and Andrew Oshrin Deborah E. Wiley Loren Blackford and Michael Dubno Mrs. Michael Patterson William Sofield Bunny Williams and John Rosselli Heidi Bladwin Mr. and Mrs. Norman L. Peck Kate Solomon Elizabeth G. Wills Eric Blair-Joannou Mr. and Mrs. Clayton Pederson Sarah Solomon and Howard Solomon Mr. and Mrs. James J. Wilson Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Blazovic Dina and Brent Pendleton Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Solondz Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Winans Georgina Bloomberg Lester S. Penner Mr. and Mrs. Michael Sonnenfeldt Matthew A. Winkler Mr. and Mrs. Jay Bockhaus Alexandra Pethtel Sotheby’s Michel Witmer Mr. and Mrs. Owen Boger Mr. and Mrs. Felix Petrillo Elizabeth M. Stafford Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. Witmer Jr. Andrea M. Boney Mr. and Mrs. Howard Phipps, Jr. Stamford Tent WMC Foundation Christopher B. Boshears Joan Pirics and James McCarthy Susan Steinsapir Mr. and Mrs. William F. Wynne, Jr. Watson F. Bosler Mr. and Mrs. William Pitts, Jr. Rockwell and Patricia Stensrud Elisabeth Youngerman David J. Bottjer Cynthia Hazen Polsky and Leon Mr. and Mrs. George E. Stephenson The Mohamed Bin Zayed Species Mr. and Mrs. John Bottjer Polsky Betsy and Wally Stern Conservation Fund Marilyn Bottjer Lisa Quattrocchi Robert A.M. Stern Anonymous (10) Matthew Bowman Elizabeth and Matthew Quigley Professor and Mrs. Dennis Wm. Elizabeth Boylan Rovika Rajkishun and David Stevenson $500 to $1,499 Barbara Braun Austerweil Lynn G. Straus Mr. and Mrs. B. Paul Abel Mr. and Mrs. John Breslin Marilyn Raymond Elizabeth F. Stribling and Guy N. Dr. Judith Abrams and Ms. Ida Elizabeth R. Brody Mr. and Mrs. William P. Rayner Robinson Abrams Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center John and Judith Reed Dan and Ellen Strickler Nancy J. Ackerman Mr. and Mrs. Robert Brooks Joseph and Mimi Reed Charlotte and John Suhler Dr. and Mrs. John Ackert Mary C. Brown and Joseph Bardi Mark L. Regante George Sweeney Bruce W. Addison William Browne Mr. and Mrs. Marc L. Reisch Michael Swerdlow and Brian Craig Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Rebecca K. Burns Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan Resnick Mary and Frederick Sykes Noreen K. and Ahmar M. Ahmad Timothy Butler Charles and Diana Revson Mr. and Mrs. Victor Syrmis AKRF Inc. Elizabeth Cabot The Christopher Reynolds Alice and Béla Szigethy Mr. and Mrs. James L. Alic Cathy Caplan Foundation, Inc. Taft School Mr. and Mrs. James W. Anderson Elizabeth and Anthony Catanzaro

34 Mr. and Mrs. Yun Jien Chang Dr. Marianne Engle and Mr. Robert Foundation Elizabeth Johnson Katharine M. Chapman F. Engle David Gray and Kathleen Jennings Sarah Rose Johnson Rita Chazen Adelina Wong Ettelson and William Clare and Vartan Gregorian Chrissy Jones Vijaya Chellapilla Ettelson Gary P. Grey and Mikyung Sears Juan Montoya Design Mr. and Mrs. Spencer Cherry Dr. K. F. Etzold and Ms. Beatrix Michelle Griffith Alex Kania and Charlotte Greenough James Chiasson Volchok Teresa M. Grimm Pat Kaplan and Paul D. Kaplan Chele Upton Chiavacci ExxonMobil Foundation Eric Groft Andrea Leigh Kaufman Richard Chilton III Lee Fabiaschi Barbara Gronquist and Mel Diamond Bianca Kawecki Elizabeth Chirlin Dr. and Mrs. Sean and Marion Fanelli Mr. and Mrs. Jack Grossman Mr. and Mrs. Arthe B. Kelly Alina Cho Farmingdale Public Library Mr. and Mrs. John H. Gutfreund William Kenney and Patricia Kenney Robert Cicero Robert Farrell and Dr. Christina Wesley and Terry Guylay Mr. and Mrs. Timothy Kennon Cherylyn Cieri Pansarasa Susan Hamel and Martin Finn Diana and Larry Kent Emma Clark Memorial Library Allison Fast HamiltonAir Robert M. Kern Mr. and Mrs. Curtis Cohen Lillian Fast Mr. and Mrs. Erik A. Hanson Dr. and Mrs. Hoshang J. Khambatta William N. Colavito Mr. and Mrs. John Fava Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Hardy Mr. and Mrs. Neeraj Khemlani Kim and Payson Coleman Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Favaro Penelope Hardy and Granger Sarah Kiernan Josyane Colwell Roberta Federoff and Jenn Bayliss Moorhead Dr. Rudolf C. King Community Foundation of New Fred Feliciano Thomas B. Harris Gerold and Dr. Jana Klauer Jersey Celia Felsher and John L. Cecil Karla and Peter Harwich Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Kleinschmidt Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. Comstock, Jr. Ferguson & Shamamian Architects Elizabeth J. Hatfield and Arlene E. Mr. and Mrs. James K. Kloppenburg Connecticut Stone Supplies Alfred C. Finger, Jr. Hatfield Anne H. Kneisel Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Conrad Warren P. Finnerty Mr. and Mrs. William Hearst III Clarissa J. Koh-Sack Mr. and Mrs. John Conti Jacqueline Fish and Michael Mr. and Mrs. William C. Heck Ludlima Kokorina and Tanya Kokorina Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Costigan Lembeck Gregory and Margaret Hedberg David and Amy Kornblau Susan Courtney Maura Flannery Jean M. Kenna Heins Kaliope Kostas and Brian Smith Karen and Ted Coyne Theo Fletcher Susan K. Heller Stanley H. Kovak Benjamin Crane Marianne Fouhey Mr. and Mrs. James Herrnstein Hilda Kraker and Daniel Salas Linda C. Cremin Martha Kramer Fox Michael D. Herskovitz Melissa Kretschmer and Carl Andre Dr. and Mrs. Paul Cushman, Jr. Ernst & Elfriede Frank Foundation Inc Boris Herzi Mr. and Mrs. Tadako Kubo Mrs. Robert Cushman Freeport Memorial Library Stephanie and Stephen Hessler Mr. and Mrs. Ken H. Kuiken Anthony Dalileo Mrs. Henry C. Frick Hewlett-Woodmere Public Library The Kurr Foundation Julia Danilchenko and James O’Brien Charlotte M. Frieze Andrew Heyward and Priscilla Mr. and Mrs. Warren F. Lagerloef John G. Danzer Alberto Gaitan and Lawrence Lewis Painton Terry and Thomas Lamb Kitty de Chazal Mr. and Mrs. Victor Ganzi Joseph Hicks and Robert Maas Louise Lamphier Caroline Dean Arlyn Gardner Isabelle Hill David A. Lamprou Mr. and Mrs. Anton H. DeRosa Jane Garmey Elizabeth R. Hilpman and Byron Dorothy J. Lander Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Devine Dr. Lloyd B. Gayle and Mrs. Debra R. Tucker Mr. and Mrs. Chase W. Landreth Fr. Christopher Devron, S.J. Gayle Mary Hines Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Lane Nell Diamond Nicholas L. Gennis Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Hogquist Nina Lawrence Margaret S. Dicks Patricia Geoghegan Margaret Hoh Eric M.A. Lax and Karen A. Sulzberger Matthew Donahoe and Clint Higham Gertrud D. Gerlach Fiona M. Hollands and Ethan Berman Dr. Myron C. Ledbetter Vivian H. Donnelley Nancy Gilbert and Richard Wines Catherine and John Hood Thomas F. Leddy Francine and Dennis Donnelly Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Gittings Jane Houston Jirakal Lee and Paern Khambanonda Susan Dudzinsky Dr. Jeff Glans and Dr. Louise Perkins Hunt Howell Mr. and Mrs. Joon Lee Jennifer and John Duffy Keith Glavash and Marylene Altieri David J. Hubbard Tina Lee Chris Duncan Glen Cove Public Library Mr. and Mrs. Peter Hut Dr. Anne G. Lefer and Dr. Jay Lefer The Dwight Group Berit I. Godoy Barbara Israel Harrison T. LeFrak Brenda Earl Abigail Gold Mr. and Mrs. Prem Itharat Jonathan E. Lehman EarthShare New York John and Suzanne Golden ITO EN (North America) INC. Mr. and Mrs. Walter F. Leinhardt Allison Ecung Michael and Anne B. Golden Norman James and Christine James Jennifer and Beau Lescott Mr. and Mrs. Byron T. Edwards Sibyl R. Golden Carol Jarcho Mr. and Mrs. John LeVar Jay Eisenhofer and Anne Jameson William T. Golden Thomas Jayne Levittown Public Library Maurice Eisenstadt Mr. and Mrs. Jerome Goldstein Flemming K. Jensen and Anna C. V. Memrie M. Lewis Emily Eitches Michael L. Goldstein Jensen Mr. and Mrs. David Ley Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Elghanayan Xenia Golovchenko and Tanya Jericho Public Library Christine J. Lim John A. Elliott and Dr. Laura A. Philips Tchernitchin Jewish Foundation of Greater New John Linville Paul and Joan Ellis Jennifer Gonzalez Haven Judith A. Little Elmont Public Library Elizabeth Byrne Grant Mr. and Mrs. Ian G. John Locust Valley Library Jose Encarnacion and Alex Santana Eugene and Emily Grant Family Cheryl Johnson Alexandra Longanecker

35 Donor Acknowledgments

$500 to $1,499 (Continued) North Bellmore Public Library Research Foundation of the City Dr. Alfred Spector and Dr. Rhonda Roberta Peters Louckx North Merrick Public Library University of New York G. Kost Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ph.D. Katharina Plath Nourri Maryann Rich Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Spillane Virginia Lovejoy and Carl Podwoski Mr. and Mrs. John C. Novogrod Erik Robert and Ericdavid Maerz Mr. and Mrs. Richard Spitz Peter R. Lovisa Diane O’Brien Mr. and Mrs. William G. Roberts Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert Spitzer Mr. and Mrs. Michael J. Lyons Elizabeth O’Connell Alicia and Bill Robertson Christopher Spitzmiller Kathleen A. MacLaughlin Kelsey Lee Offield Rockville Centre Public Library Stephen Sprague and Catherine Madison Cox Associates Grace Offutt and Edmund Polubinski Mr. and Mrs. Federico J. Rodriguez Capasso Gigi Mahon Mary Oldak Chris Rogers and Lisa Pannek Mrs. Frank L. Stanley Gail Mallen Oliver Nurseries Brooke Rohrbach Suzanne Steinberg Judith Mandile Mary Kay Olson Danielle Rollins Mr. and Mrs. William Sterling Manhasset Public Library Abby and George O’Neill Trust Ron Wendt Design Catherine Stewart Beatrice G. Manice Ilona Ontscherenki Alexandra Lind Rose Luise Strauss Richard W. Mark Stephen Orr Estelle T. Rosen M. Joanne Strauss Matthew Marks Anne Owen Betsy Rosenfield Joseph Stribula Ann Martini Oyster Bay-East Norwich Public Mr. and Mrs. Paul Rosenkampff Syosset Public Library Mr. and Mrs. Donald Matthews Library Cynthia and Rich Rubino Kat Tanita John F. Maul and Anne Beaury-Maul Lilly Pappas Oliver Sacks, M.D.† Mr. and Mrs. John A. Tapper Brian McCarthy Timothy and Pamela Paterson Paula F. Saddler Lisa Taylor-Normoyle and Michael Matthew McCarthy Mrs. Gordon B. Pattee Lynda Safron Normoyle Dale McDonald and Catherine Mr. and Mrs. Robert P. Peck Susan Salice Adrian Taylor Peterffy Mr. and Mrs. Luis F. Perez Barbara Sallick Nancy B. Taylor Kevin McGrane Leslie B. Perkin Cristián Samper and Adriana Casas Mr. and Mrs. Robert Tebbe Anne Hearst McInerney Mr. and Mrs. Brett Perkins Mark and Samantha Sandler Zachary Thain Mr. and Mrs. George McKenney Walter H. Perry III Mr. and Mrs. Philip Santoriella Three Harbors Garden Club Marianne Cheek Mebane Perry’s Florist Audrey Schein Alexandra and Michael Toccin Mr. and Mrs. David Meer Dr. Karl Perzin Mr. and Mrs. George W. Schiele Janet L. Toledano and Udi Toledano Mr. and Mrs. Edwin E. Melendez Kathleen Pike Barbara E. Schneider Laurel Tompkins Oscar Mena and Lisa Hicks Marian S. Pillsbury Hadley Schreiber Patricia Torres Kim Merlin Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Pinover Carol and Michael Schrum Julia Tortolani and Lee Schroeder The Merrick Library Stephanie Pistilli Christina M. Schwefel Martha Troxell Mr. and Mrs. Martin Metz Plainview-Old Bethpage Public Frances A. Segan Mary Ann Tucker Lisa Meyer Library Dorothy J. Selinger and L. Michael Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Tulovsky Dr. Marian B. Meyers Nina Platt Moskovis Deborah G. Tumey and Richard Zina Michajliczenko and H. Elizabeth Poccia Peter J. Sellon 1997 Charitable Lead Woodhall Michajliczenko Rosemary Ponzo Trust Ralson W. Turbeville and Kristi L. Elizabeth and Richard Miller Genevieve Porti and John Wagner Mary and Russell Selover Soutar Saul and Sandra Milles Family Fund Robert Power Lanie Shahar, LCSW John Turrettini Alison Minton Professor Sir Ghillean Prance, FRS, Dr. Wales R. Shao and Mrs. Karen A. Uber Technologies, Inc. Moglia Family Foundation VMH Shao Mr. and Mrs. Mark Udell Elaine P. Montgomery Melanie B. Pray Shelter Rock Public Library Uniondale Public Library Mrs. George B. Moore Virginia Pruitt Alexa Shitanishi Julie Van Benthuysen Mr. and Mrs. Max Moran Barbara Quent and Diane George Susan Short Christie Van Kehrberg Mr. and Mrs. Robert Morel Mr. and Mrs. Stanley R. Radel Mary Jo and Stephen Sichak Joseph van Leuven Estate of Laura G. Morgan Mrs. Karla Radke Lily Siddiqui Mr. and Mrs. Daniel van Starrenburg Lydia Morisson Kanti and Susan Rai Debbie Silverman Vanguard Charitable Endowment Cory Murphy Carolyn C. Ramsey and Swanya Mr. and Mrs. David Silverstone Program Ozdinch Mustafa and Paula Refolo Bangruntham Mr. and Mrs. William A. Simpson Dr. Jonathan M. Vapnek Mr. and Mrs. Peter A. Nadosy Douglas T. Raymond Gideon Y. Sims Barbara F. Vercollone Robert Neborak and Therese Esperdy Reader’s Digest Scholarship and Veronica Sison Linda C. Verrastro and Leonard M. The New York Unit, Herb Society of Leadership Fund of The New York Frank A. Siver and Theresa A. Siver Verrastro America Community Trust Loren Skeist and Marlene Marko Eric Villency Douglas L. Newhouse and Dr. Holly Russell Reeder and Deborah Mrs. John C. Sluder Mr. and Mrs. Roger B. Vincent M. Bannister Rothman Mark Smith and Maxine Harris Rose Marie Volpe and Americo C. Lorry Newhouse Catherine Regenhard and Christina Denise Smyth Volpe Priscilla Newman and Ron Cappello Regenhard The Honorable and Mrs. Jay T. Snyder Cynthia C. Wainwright and Stephen Mr. and Mrs. Jim Nezamis Christina Reik and Tony Guida Mr. and Mrs. Joseph G. Solari Berger Mr. and Mrs. Erik A. Nicolaysen Mr. and Mrs. Robert P. Reilly Marybeth Sollins Edward Walczykowski Mrs. William A. Nitze

36 Steven Waldheim and Lawrence Bailey Henry Waldinger Library Kenneth Walker Tanja Dreiding Wallace Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Walpin Rui Wang Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wann Mr. and Mrs. Douglas A. Warner III Mr. and Mrs. Michael Warren Sigourney Weaver Marshall Weinberg Linda R. Weinberger Dr. and Mrs. Ronald B. Weir Tanya and David M. Wells Alan C. Wernicke West Hempstead Public Library Susanne T. West and John Greene The Westminster Kennel Club Naida S. Wharton Foundation Timothy J. Whealon James J. White Jr. Robyn Wild and Alexander M. Quinn Bruce Wilson Margot Witty Deborah A. Wood Gigi Stone Woods and Ian Woods Fred Yankocy Elaine Yellen Dr. and Mrs. Alan Zimbard Theresa Zongrone Dr. Orest J. Zuk and Ms. Tanya Dorhout Anonymous (2)

Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of this listing, we may have unintentionally overlooked someone. If this is the case, please accept our apology and notify us immediately by contacting [email protected].

† Deceased

37 Board of The New York Botanical Garden

Chairman Board Members Distinguished Maureen K. Chilton Leonard Abess Counsellors Mario Batali to the Board Chairman of the Gary A. Beller Sir Peter R. Crane, FRS Executive Committee James Benenson, Jr. Helen Dillon Lionel Goldfrank III John W. Bernstein Vartan Gregorian, Ph.D. Mrs. Jeremy H. Biggs Penelope Hobhouse, Chief Executive Officer Mrs. Coleman P. Burke Hon.D.Litt. VMH The William C. Steere Sr. Mrs. Harry Burn III Professor Sir Ghillean President Mrs. Jonathan C. Clay Prance, FRS, VMH Gregory Long J. Barclay Collins II The Dowager Marchioness Mrs. Marvin H. Davidson of Salisbury Chairmen Emeriti Florence A. Davis Edward O. Wilson, Ph.D. Thomas J. Hubbard Jacqueline H. Dryfoos Wilson Nolen Mrs. Edith B. Everett Ricardo R. Fernández, Ph.D. Senior Vice Chairman Robert F. Gossett, Jr. Lewis B. Cullman Eugene P. Grisanti Mrs. Andrew Heiskell Vice Chairman for Planning Mrs. Thomas J. Hubbard Mrs. Nicholas J. Sakellariadis Weslie R. Janeway Henry P. Johnson Vice Chairmen Karen Katen Edward P. Bass Edith W. Kean Larry E. Condon Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ph.D. Amy Goldman Fowler, Ph.D. Susan E. Lynch Kenneth Roman Serafin U. Mariel Marjorie G. Rosen Susan Matelich William C. Steere, Jr. Gilbert C. Maurer Shelby White Lynden B. Miller George M. Milne, Jr., Ph.D. Secretary/Treasurer Malcolm C. Nolen Craig Vosburg Jessye Norman Hon. Dianne T. Renwick Executive Committee Mrs. John R. Robinson Chairman Mrs. Arthur Ross Lionel Goldfrank III Gillian Steel Michael H. Steinhardt Edward P. Bass Yasuyuki Sugiura Maureen K. Chilton Eleanor F. Sullivan Larry E. Condon Sally Susman Amy Goldman Fowler, Ph.D. John A. Thain Diane Katzin Mish Tworkowski Gregory Long Karen Washington William B. O’Connor, Esq. Sigourney Weaver Marjorie G. Rosen Michael A. Zarcone Deborah Goodrich Royce Mrs. Nicholas J. Sakellariadis Carmen M. Thain Caroline A. Wamsler, Ph.D. Shelby White

38 The New York Botanical Garden is an iconic living museum. The New York Botanical Garden is located on property Approaching the 125th Anniversary in 2016, we celebrate its owned in full by the City of New York, and its operation is made role as an oasis in this busy metropolis since its founding in possible in part by public funds provided through the New York 1891, and look forward to the Garden’s continued leadership as City Department of Cultural Affairs. A portion of the Garden’s a dynamic New York City cultural institution. general operating funds is provided by The New York City A National Historic Landmark, this 250-acre site’s verdant Council and The New York State Office of Parks, Recreation landscape supports over one million living plants in extensive and Historic Preservation. The Bronx Borough President and collections. During the past year, more than one million visitors Bronx elected representatives in the City Council and State enjoyed the Garden not only for its remarkable diversity of Legislature provide leadership funding. tropical, temperate, and desert flora, but also for programming that ranges from renowned exhibitions in the Haupt Exhibitions in the Enid A. Haupt Conservatory are made Conservatory to festivals on Daffodil Hill. possible by the Estate of Enid A. Haupt. The Garden is also a major educational institution. More than 300,000 people annually—among them Bronx families, Exhibitions in the LuEsther T. Mertz Library are made possible schoolchildren, and teachers—learn about plant science, by the LuEsther T. Mertz Charitable Trust. ecology, and healthful eating through NYBG’s hands-on, curriculum-based programming. Nearly 90,000 of those visitors Exhibitions in the Arthur and Janet Ross Gallery are made are children from underserved neighboring communities, while possible by the Arthur and Janet Ross Fund. more than 3,000 are teachers from New York City’s public school system participating in professional development Garden News is published by The New York Botanical Garden. programs that train them to teach science courses at all grade ©2015 The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved, levels. November 2015. Volume 49, Number 2 NYBG operates one of the world’s largest plant research and conservation programs, with nearly 200 staff members— Garden News is supported by The Liman Foundation. including 80 Ph.D. scientists—working in the Garden’s state- of-the-art molecular labs as well as in the field, where they lead programs in 18 countries.

39 New York Botanical Garden Non-Profit Org. 2900 Southern Boulevard U.S. Postage PAID Bronx, NY 10458-5126 New York, NY nybg.org Permit No. 2377

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