DOCSLIB.ORG

The Influence of Interclass Context on Middle Class Evaluations of Morality and Success Patrick Charles Archer Iowa State University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Influence of Interclass Context on Middle Class Evaluations of Morality and Success Patrick Charles Archer Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2008 Middle class identification: the influence of interclass context on middle class evaluations of morality and success Patrick Charles Archer Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Archer, Patrick Charles, "Middle class identification: the influence of interclass context on middle class evaluations of morality and success" (2008). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15836. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15836 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Middle class identification: the influence of interclass context on middle class evaluations of morality and success by Patrick Charles Archer A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Sociology Program of Study Committee: Wendy J. Harrod, Major Professor Sharon R. Bird Susan D. Stewart Carl W. Roberts Carolyn E. Cutrona Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2008 Copyright © Patrick Charles Archer, 2008. All rights reserved. 3316194 3316194 2008 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vi ACKNOWLEGMENTS viii ABSTRACT ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 7 Class Identities: A History of Research and Measurement 8 Centers and the Psychological Study of Social Class 9 The Meaning of Class Self-Placements 13 Class as a Position vs. Class as an Identity 15 The Locus of Class Structure and Identification 16 The Relevance of Class Identities 20 A Social Identity Theory Approach 22 The Positive Distinctiveness Hypothesis 25 Ingroup Bias 28 Differentiation 31 The Identity Maintenance Strategies of Low Status Groups 33 Limitations of Social Identity Theory 36 The Reluctance to Measure Identification Directly 36 The Relationship Between Identification and Bias 40 Social Identity and Class 43 Lamont and the Class Identified 45 The Working Class Identified 45 The Middle Class Identified 48 Sociostructural Characteristics of Intergroup Relations 49 Permeability 50 Legitimacy 51 Stability 52 The Plan of the Present Study 55 The Impact of Interclass Context on Class Identification 56 Interclass Context and the Sociostructural Characteristics of Interclass Relations 57 The Impact of Interclass Context on Ingroup Bias 58 The Mediating Effect of Class Identification 60 Effects of Sociostructural Characteristics on Class Identification 60 Effects of Sociostructural Characteristics on Ingroup Bias 61 iii CHAPTER THREE: METHODS 64 Participants 64 Procedures 65 Measures 66 Experimental Manipulation and Manipulation Check 67 Sociostructural Characteristics of Interclass Relations 68 Permeability 68 Legitimacy 69 Stability 71 Class Identification 75 Ingroup Bias 78 Moral and Success Bias 78 Warmth and Closeness Thermometers 81 Tajfel Matrices 82 Demographics and Family Background 85 Methods of Analysis 85 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 87 A Brief Overview of the Sample 87 Experimental Manipulation Check 89 The Impact of Interclass Context on Class Identification 90 The Impact of Interclass Context on Perceptions of Interclass Relations 91 The Impact of Interclass Context on Ingroup Bias 93 The Mediating Effect of Class Identification 98 Effects of Sociostructural Characteristics on Class Identification 100 The Effects of Interclass Relations on Centrality 101 The Effects of Interclass Relations on Ingroup Affect 103 The Effects of Interclass Relations on Ingroup Ties 103 Effects of Sociostructural Characteristics on Ingroup Bias 105 The Effects of Interclass Relations on Moral Bias 106 The Effects of Interclass Relations on Success Bias 107 Class Identification as a Mediator 109 Mediation of Class Identification on Moral Bias 110 Mediation of Class Identification on Success Bias 112 A Structural Equation Modeling Approach to Mediation 112 Measurement Model 114 Structural Model 116 Centrality as a Mediator 117 Ingroup Affect as a Mediator 120 Inroup Ties as a Mediator 122 The Influence of Experimental Condition 124 A Comparison of the Two Approaches to Mediation: Regression and SEM 125 iv CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION 127 The Implications of Interclass Context for Class Identification 127 Sociostructural Characteristics and Interclass Context 129 Permeability and Interclass Context 129 Legitimacy and Interclass Context 130 Stability and Interclass Context 131 The Implications of Interclass Context for Ingroup Bias 131 Moral and Success Bias 132 Warmth and Closeness Bias 134 Bias in Allocations of Tax Rebates and Tax Increases 134 Sociostructural Characteristics and Class Identification 135 Effects of Permeability on Class Identification 135 Effects of Legitimacy on Class Identification 137 Effects of Stability on Class Identification 138 Sociostructural Characteristics and Moral and Success Bias 139 Effects of Permeability on Moral and Success Bias 139 Effects of Legitimacy on Moral and Success Bias 140 Effects of Stability on Moral and Success Bias 140 On the Absence of a Mediating Effect of Class Identification 141 Implications for Social Identity Theory 142 Implications for Class Analysis 144 Limitations of the Study 146 Suggestions for Future Research 147 Conclusion 148 APPENDIX A: SURVEY REQUEST EMAIL 150 APPENDIX B: INFORMED CONSENT DOCUMENT 151 APPENDIX C: SURVEY INSTRUMENT 152 REFERENCES 164 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Distribution of Reward Choices in Tajfel’s Dot Experiment 27 Figure 2.2 Evans, Kelley, and Kolosi’s (1992) Depiction of Social Class 53 Figure 3.1 Example of Allocation Task and Tajfel Matrices 83 Figure 4.1 The Interaction of Experimental Condition (Middle-to-Working, 95 Middle-to-Upper) and Evaluative Dimension (Moral, Success) on Ingroup Bias Figure 4.2 Three-Way Interaction of Experimental Condition (Middle-to- 96 Working, Middle-to-Upper), Dimension (Moral, Success), and Target (Ingroup, Outgroup) on Evaluation Figure 4.3 Standardized Coefficients from the Structural Equation Model 117 Showing the Effects of Permeability, Stability, and Legitimacy on Moral and Success Bias, Showing Mediation through Centrality, and Moderation by Experimental Condition Figure 4.4 Standardized Coefficients from the Structural Equation Model 121 Showing the Effects of Permeability, Stability, and Legitimacy on Moral and Success Bias, Showing Mediation through Ingroup Affect, and Moderation by Experimental Condition Figure 4.5 Standardized Coefficients from the Structural Equation Model 123 Showing the Effects of Permeability, Stability, and Legitimacy on Moral and Success Bias, Showing Mediation through Ingroup Ties, and Moderation by Experimental Condition Figure 4.6 Standardized Coefficients from the Structural Equation Model 126 Showing the Influence of Experimental Condition on the Sociostructural Characteristics of Interclass Relations, Class Identification, and Ingroup Bias vi LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Item Loadings for Interclass Permeability from a Principal Factor 70 Analysis by Experimental Condition Table 3.2 Item Loadings for Interclass Legitimacy from a Principal Factor 72 Analysis by Experimental Condition Table 3.3 Distribution of Responses to Questions about Class Structure 30 74 Years Ago and Today (N = 657) Table 3.4 Distribution of Responses to Questions about Class Structure 75 Today and 30 Years in the Future (N = 648) Table 3.5 Item Loadings for Class Identification from Principal Factor 77 Analysis with Oblimin Rotation by Experimental Condition Table 3.6 Item Loadings for Morality and Success Evaluations from a 80 Principal Factor Analysis with Oblimin Rotation by Experimental Condition Table 4.1 Demographic Characteristics of Participants (N = 676) 88 Table 4.2 Class Identification by Experimental Condition 91 Table 4.3 Permeability, Legitimacy, and Stability Measures by Experimental 92 Condition Table 4.4 Means and Standard Deviations of Ingroup/Outgroup Evaluations 94 and Bias by Condition Table 4.5 Frequency Distribution of Tajfel Pull Score Values for the 99 Allocation of Tax Rebates and Tax Increases by Experimental Condition Table 4.6 Intercorrelations of Bias, Sociostructural Characteristics, and Class 100 Identification by Experimental Condition Table 4.7 Summary of Hierarchical Regression Analysis Using Experimental 102 Condition, Permeability, Legitimacy, and Stability as Predictors of Centrality (N = 476) Table 4.8 Summary of Hierarchical Regression Analysis Using Experimental 104 Condition, Permeability, Legitimacy, and Stability as Predictors of Ingroup Affect (N = 476) vii Table 4.9 Summary of Hierarchical Regression Analysis Using Experimental 105 Condition, Permeability, Legitimacy, and Stability as Predictors of Ingroup Ties (N = 476) Table 4.10 Summary of Hierarchical Regression Analysis Using Experimental 107 Condition, Permeability, Legitimacy, and Stability as Predictors of Moral Bias (N = 476) Table 4.11 Summary of Hierarchical Regression Analysis Using Experimental 108 Condition, Permeability, Legitimacy, and Stability as Predictors of Success Bias (N = 476) Table 4.12 Summary of Hierarchical Regression Analysis Using Experimental 111 Condition, Permeability, Legitimacy, Stability, and Class Identification
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Civis Romanus Sum Citizenship in Ancient Rome Was Valued Not Only
    Civis Romanus Sum Citizenship in Ancient Rome was valued not only for the rights and social status it provided, but also for the sense of patriotism and honor it instilled in the Roman people. The gravity of citizenship allowed the Roman Empire’s multitudinous regions to become vastly and impossibly connected by a sense of pride for one Italian city. Citizenship was a commodity valuable enough for soldiers such as Mucius Scaevola to give their right hands for, as well as for plebeians to secede and fight for with their lives. Citizens felt an unbreakable bond between themselves and their nation; they were dedicated to representing and defending Rome at any cost. It was this strong sense of identity that united so many people and created such a dominant empire. Roman citizenship was one of the most prized possessions a European inhabitant could have, bearing the magnitude of rights, ranking, honor, and a powerful sense of Roman identity. Although some Roman people were born into citizenship, the rest of the population yearned for such rights and status, and took whatever action they could to become true, legal members of Roman society. Citizenship included suffrage, the right to run for and occupy office, the right to not be tortured, crucified, or be sentenced to death unless found guilty of treason, the right to marry, to hold property, and to have a trial, as well as various “public” and “private” prerogatives. Romans born into a noble family inherited citizenship and social status; they made up the patrician class, while the lower plebeian class was made up of free non-citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • Introductory Handbook on the Prevention of Recidivism and the Social Reintegration of Offenders
    Introductory Handbook on The Prevention of Recidivism and the Social Reintegration of Offenders CRIMINAL JUSTICE HANDBOOK SERIES Cover photo: © Rafael Olivares, Dirección General de Centros Penales de El Salvador. UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Introductory Handbook on the Prevention of Recidivism and the Social Reintegration of Offenders CRIMINAL JUSTICE HANDBOOK SERIES UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2018 © United Nations, December 2018. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. Preface The first version of the Introductory Handbook on the Prevention of Recidivism and the Social Reintegration of Offenders, published in 2012, was prepared for the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) by Vivienne Chin, Associate of the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, Canada, and Yvon Dandurand, crimi- nologist at the University of the Fraser Valley, Canada. The initial draft of the first version of the Handbook was reviewed and discussed during an expert group meeting held in Vienna on 16 and 17 November 2011.Valuable suggestions and contributions were made by the following experts at that meeting: Charles Robert Allen, Ibrahim Hasan Almarooqi, Sultan Mohamed Alniyadi, Tomris Atabay, Karin Bruckmüller, Elias Carranza, Elinor Wanyama Chemonges, Kimmett Edgar, Aida Escobar, Angela Evans, José Filho, Isabel Hight, Andrea King-Wessels, Rita Susana Maxera, Marina Menezes, Hugo Morales, Omar Nashabe, Michael Platzer, Roberto Santana, Guy Schmit, Victoria Sergeyeva, Zhang Xiaohua and Zhao Linna.
    [Show full text]
  • Social-Property Relations, Class-Conflict and The
    Historical Materialism 19.4 (2011) 129–168 brill.nl/hima Social-Property Relations, Class-Conflict and the Origins of the US Civil War: Towards a New Social Interpretation* Charles Post City University of New York [email protected] Abstract The origins of the US Civil War have long been a central topic of debate among historians, both Marxist and non-Marxist. John Ashworth’s Slavery, Capitalism, and Politics in the Antebellum Republic is a major Marxian contribution to a social interpretation of the US Civil War. However, Ashworth’s claim that the War was the result of sharpening political and ideological – but not social and economic – contradictions and conflicts between slavery and capitalism rests on problematic claims about the rôle of slave-resistance in the dynamics of plantation-slavery, the attitude of Northern manufacturers, artisans, professionals and farmers toward wage-labour, and economic restructuring in the 1840s and 1850s. An alternative social explanation of the US Civil War, rooted in an analysis of the specific path to capitalist social-property relations in the US, locates the War in the growing contradiction between the social requirements of the expanded reproduction of slavery and capitalism in the two decades before the War. Keywords origins of capitalism, US Civil War, bourgeois revolutions, plantation-slavery, agrarian petty- commodity production, independent-household production, merchant-capital, industrial capital The Civil War in the United States has been a major topic of historical debate for almost over 150 years. Three factors have fuelled scholarly fascination with the causes and consequences of the War. First, the Civil War ‘cuts a bloody gash across the whole record’ of ‘the American .
    [Show full text]
  • Social Status and Group Norms: Indirect Reciprocity in a Helping
    TI 2001 -003/1 Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper Social Status and Group Norms: Indirect Reciprocity in a Helping Experiment Ingrid Seinen Arthur Schram Tinbergen Institute The Tinbergen Institute is the institute for economic research of the Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Tinbergen Institute Amsterdam Keizersgracht 482 1017 EG Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel.: +31.(0)20.5513500 Fax: +31.(0)20.5513555 Tinbergen Institute Rotterdam Burg. Oudlaan 50 3062 PA Rotterdam The Netherlands Tel.: +31.(0)10.4088900 Fax: +31.(0)10.4089031 Most recent TI discussion papers can be downloaded at http://www.tinbergen.nl Social Status and Group Norms: Indirect Reciprocity in a Helping Experiment Ingrid Seinen and Arthur Schram∗ CREED Department of Economics and Econometrics University of Amsterdam Roetersstraat 11 1018 WB Amsterdam The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] ∗ [email protected] Manuscript, submitted Printed April 19, 2000 Abstract This paper provides experimental evidence showing that indirect reciprocity may important in economic decision making and in the development of group norms. We study a ‘repeated helping game’ with random pairing in large groups, with individuals equally divided between donors and recipi- ents. Donors decide whether to help the individuals they are matched with against a certain cost or not to help, enduring no costs. We observe that many decision makers respond to the information we give them about for- mer decisions of the recipients, even if they
    [Show full text]
  • Inside the Middle Class
    Inside the Middle Class: Bad Times Hit the Good Life FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY APRIL 9, 2008 12:00PM EDT Paul Taylor, Project Director Rich Morin, Senior Editor D'Vera Cohn, Senior Writer Richard Fry, Senior Researcher Rakesh Kochhar, Senior Researcher April Clark, Research Associate MEDIA INQUIRIES CONTACT: Pew Research Center 202 419 4372 http://pewresearch.org ii Table of Contents Foreword…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...3 Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5 Overview……………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7 Section One – A Self-Portrait 1. The Middle Class Defines Itself ………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..28 2. The Middle Class Squeeze………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………..…….36 3. Middle Class Finances ……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….……………………..47 4. Middle Class Priorities and Values………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………….53 5. Middle Class Jobs ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………….65 6. Middle Class Politics…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………71 About the Pew Social and Demographic Trends Project ……………………………………………………….…………………………….78 Questionnaire and topline …………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………..79 Section Two – A Statistical Portrait 7. Middle Income Demography, 1970-2006…………………………………………………………………………………………………………110 8. Trends in Income, Expenditures, Wealth and Debt………………………………………..…………………………………………….140 Section Two Appendix ……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………..163
    [Show full text]
  • On Gaining Recognition As Middle Class in Madurai
    Apprehensions: On gaining recognition as middle class in Madurai Sara Dickey In this article, I examine everyday ways in which residents of Madurai, Tamil Nadu work to gain and maintain recognition as middle class. In the intersubjective production of identities, people dene not only what it takes to be a member of a specic local class category, but also what it means to be treated as fully human. I explore the critical importance of visibility and recognition in daily life, and the modes and meanings of the consumption through which people strive to achieve them. Focusing on two key consumption practices—presenting oneself in public according to local standards of ‘decency’ and marking class belonging through one fetishised consumer good, the cell phone—I consider the relationships among visual apprehension, counting as a social being and dignity. Keywords: middle class, consumption, class anxiety, dignity, mobile phones, south India I Introduction1 When scholars study the impacts of class, we frequently look at the ‘big’ things: the dramatic, the monumental, the long-term. We examine life chances, life histories and longitudinal data. The object of our work might be class movements, famous strikes, changing consumption patterns, the role of debt in impoverishment, the impact of educational attainment on occupation or (in my own case) the role of marriage in reproducing class 1 Small portions of this article have appeared in similar form in Dickey (2005, 2012). Here I elaborate on the topics of visibility and recognisability raised in these earlier publications. Sara Dickey is at the Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cultural Politics of Climate Change Discourse in UK Tabloids
    Author's personal copy Political Geography 27 (2008) 549e569 www.elsevier.com/locate/polgeo The cultural politics of climate change discourse in UK tabloids Maxwell T. Boykoff* James Martin Research Fellow, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK Abstract In the United Kingdom (UK), daily circulation figures for tabloid newspapers are as much as ten times higher than broadsheet sources. Nonetheless, studies of media representations of climate change in the UK to date have focused on broadsheet newspapers. Moreover, readership patterns correlate with socio-eco- nomic status; the majority of readers of tabloids are in ‘working class’ demographics. With a growing need to engage wider constituencies in awareness and potential behavioral change, it is important to ex- amine how these influential sources represent climate change for a heretofore understudied segment of citizenry. This paper links political geographies with cultural issues of identity and discourse, through claims and frames on climate change in four daily ‘working class’ tabloid newspapers in UK e The Sun (and News of the World ), Daily Mail (and Mail on Sunday), the Daily Express (and Sunday Express), and the Mirror (and Sunday Mirror). Through triangulated Critical Discourse Analysis, investigations of framing and semi-structured interviews, this project examines representations of climate change in these newspapers from 2000 through 2006. Data show that news articles on climate change were predominantly framed through weather events, charismatic megafauna and the movements of political actors and rhetoric, while few stories focused on climate justice and risk. In addition, headlines with tones of fear, misery and doom were most prevalent.
    [Show full text]
  • The End of Middle Class Politics?
    The End of Middle Class Politics? The End of Middle Class Politics? By Sotiris Rizas The End of Middle Class Politics? By Sotiris Rizas This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Sotiris Rizas All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0654-1 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0654-1 CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 What makes the middle classes? ............................................................ 8 The middle classes in mass politics: the lower middle classes as a bone of contention ................................................................... 10 Chapter One ............................................................................................... 23 Emergence of the Middle Classes and Middle Class Politics in America and Europe, 1890–1914 The middle classes and the Progressive Movement in America, 1900–14 .......................................................................................... 28 The public policies of Progressivism ................................................... 29 Middle-class
    [Show full text]
  • Ego Identity Status, Intellectual Development, and Academic Achievement in University of Freshman
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Master's Theses 1996 Ego Identity Status, Intellectual Development, and Academic Achievement in University of Freshman Deborah E. Flammia University of Rhode Island Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses Recommended Citation Flammia, Deborah E., "Ego Identity Status, Intellectual Development, and Academic Achievement in University of Freshman" (1996). Open Access Master's Theses. Paper 1656. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses/1656 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. B F7J.'1 -~ T3 F 53(p 19 9/p EGO IDENTITY STATUS, INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT, AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN UNIVERSITY FRESHMAN BY DEBORAH E. FLAMMIA A MASTERS THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN PSYCHOLOGY 3s-q (pL.froo UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 1996 Abstract Late adolescent development was examined through the attitudes , values , beliefs, and academic performance of 121 Freshman students , 57 male and 64 female , at the University of Rhode Island. Marcia's (1966) operationalization of Erik Erikson's psycho-social theory of late adolescence and William Perry's (1970) model of intellectual formation in the college years were instrumentally applied through two objective tests that classify students into the stages of each theory. Findings confirm the study's hypothesis of a significant relationship between academic achievemen t and identity status. There were significant main effects of identity status , as reported in GPA scores , before and after intelligence (SAT scores) was controlled .
    [Show full text]
  • SOCIAL STRATIFICATION and POLITICAL Behavrori an EMPHASIS \T,PON STRUCTURAL 11YNAMICS
    SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND POLITICAL BEHAVrORI AN EMPHASIS \T,PON STRUCTURAL 11YNAMICS by Christopher Bates Doob A.B., Oberlin College, 1962 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Oberlin College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology 1964 ~-,-\t ii I," - ~ <" . , Preface There are a number of people whose assistance has made this project possible. Without their aid I literally would have been unable to complete this thesis and obtain my degree. xy" profoundest acknowledgment goes to Dr. Kiyoshi Ikeda, whose knowledge of theory and methodology literally shaped this project. The influence of Professors Richard R. xy"ers, George E. Simpson, .J. Milton Yinger, and Donald P. Warwick is also evident at various points through- out this work. Mr. Thomas Bauer, Dr. Leonard Doob, Miss Nancy Durham, and Miss .June Wright have given valuable assistance at different stages of the process. Christopher B. Doob Oberlin College June 1964 09\,~O\A4 'i::l "\ ~ S iii Table of Contents Page Preface 11 r. Introduction The Problem 1 An Historical Approach to the Dynamics of Social Stratification 2 Broad Sociological Propositions Concerning Social Mobility 3 Empirical Studies 4 Status Crystallization 6 Static Structural Variables in This Study 7 Some Observations on Voting Behavior 11 The Hypotheses 12 II. Methodology The Sample 17 The Major Independent Variables 18 Intermediate Variables 25 The Dependent Variables 26 A Concluding Note 28 III. Description of the Findings The Relationship of Mobility, Class, and Intermediate Variables to Liberalism-Conservatism 30 The Intermediate Variables 31 Status Crystallization, Class, and Liberalism­ Conservatism • iv III.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Capital in India: Networks, Organizations, and Confidence
    Social Capital in India: Networks, Organizations, and Confidence Reeve Vanneman, Sonalde Desai, and James Noon University of Maryland ABSTRACT Using original data from a newly collected nationally representative survey for 40,000 households in India, we examine associations of various dimensions of social capital with each other and with contextual and individual determinants. We focus on three measures of social capital: a positional generator of social networks, a count of memberships in formal organizations, and a subjective index of confidence in institutions. All three scales show good internal reliabilities. Associations among the three are quite low however suggesting that, in India at least, there seems to be little generalization from one type of social capital to another. Further analysis reveals that all three scales reveal strong geographic patterning across India, but the social networks measure also shows strong relationships with social position within communities. Network contacts are more extensive for high caste, wealthy, and well-educated households. Similar household status associations are much weaker for confidence in institutions and for membership in organizations. These more formal, institutionalized dimensions of social capital depend more on the presence of institutions in the local area, while the more informal measures of social networks reflects also an individual’s position within the community. Prepared for the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, Montreal, August 11-14, 2006. Contact: Reeve Vanneman ([email protected]). Please do not quote or cite until a final version is complete. The data are still preliminary, and the results will change somewhat once fully cleaned data are available. These results are based on the India Human Development Survey, 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Situational Stratification: a Micro-Macro Theory of Inequality Author(S): Randall Collins Source: Sociological Theory, Vol. 18, No
    Situational Stratification: A Micro-Macro Theory of Inequality Author(s): Randall Collins Source: Sociological Theory, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Mar., 2000), pp. 17-43 Published by: American Sociological Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/223280 Accessed: 05/05/2009 09:51 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=asa. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. American Sociological Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Sociological Theory. http://www.jstor.org Situational Stratification: A Micro-Macro Theory of Inequality RANDALL COLLINS University of Pennsylvania Are received sociological theories capable of grasping the realities of contemporary strat- ification? We think in terms of a structured hierarchy of inequality.
    [Show full text]