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Home , Abraham Lempel, Alain Glavieux, Claude Berrou, Jacob Wolfowitz, Jacob Ziv, Jorma Rissanen

Principles of Communications ECS 332

Asst. Prof. Dr. Prapun Suksompong (ผศ.ดร.ประพันธ ์ สขสมปองุ ) [email protected] 1. Intro to Communication Systems Office Hours: BKD, 6th floor of Sirindhralai building Tuesday 9:00-10:00 Wednesday 14:20-15:20

1 Thursday 9:00-10:00 “The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message selected at another point.”

Shannon, Claude. A Mathematical Theory Of Communication. (1948)

2 Shannon: Father of the Info. Age

 Documentary  Co-produced by the Jacobs School, UCSD-TV, and the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology  Won a Gold award in the Biography category in the 2002 Aurora Awards.

3 [http://www.uctv.tv/shows/Claude-Shannon-Father-of-the-Information-Age-6090] [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2Whj_nL-x8] C. E. Shannon (1916-2001)  1938 MIT master's thesis: A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits  Insight: The binary nature of Boolean logic was analogous to the ones and zeros used by digital circuits.  The thesis became the foundation of practical digital circuit design.  The first known use of the term bit to refer to a “binary digit.”  Possibly the most important, and also the most famous, master’s thesis of the century.  It was simple, elegant, and important.

4 C. E. Shannon: Master Thesis

5 An Interesting Book  The Logician and the Engineer: How George Boole and Created the Information Age  by Paul J. Nahin  ISBN: 9780691151007  http://press.princeton.edu/titles/ 9819.html

6 C. E. Shannon (Con’t)  1948: A Mathematical Theory of Communication  Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 27, pp. 379-423, July- October, 1948.  September 1949: Book published. Include a new section by Warren Weaver that applied Shannon's theory to  Invent : human communication. Simultaneously founded the subject, introduced all of the  Create the architecture and major concepts, and stated and concepts governing digital proved all the fundamental communication. theorems. 7 A Mathematical Theory of Communication  Link posted in the “references” section of the website.

8 [An offprint from the Bell System Technical Journal] C. E. Shannon

9 …with some remarks by . Claude E. Shannon Award

Claude E. Shannon (1972) Elwyn R. Berlekamp (1993) Sergio Verdu (2007) David S. Slepian (1974) Aaron D. Wyner (1994) Robert M. Gray (2008) Robert M. Fano (1976) G. David Forney, Jr. (1995) (2009) (1977) Imre Csiszár (1996) (2010) Mark S. Pinsker (1978) (1997) (Shitz) (2011) (1979) Neil J. A. Sloane (1998) (2012) W. Wesley Peterson (1981) (1999) (2013) Irving S. Reed (1982) (2000) János Körner (2014) Robert G. Gallager (1983) Jack KeilWolf (2001) Arthur (2015) Solomon W. Golomb (1985) Toby Berger (2002) William L. Root (1986) Lloyd R. Welch (2003) James L. Massey (1988) Robert J. McEliece (2004) Thomas M. Cover (1990) (2005) Andrew J. Viterbi (1991) (2006)

10 [http://www.ieee.org/documents/hamming_rl.pdf] IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal

1988 - Richard W. Hamming 2002 - Peter Elias 1989 - Irving S. Reed 2003 - and 1990 - Dennis M. Ritchie and Kenneth L. 2004 - Jack K. Wolf Thompson 2005 - Neil J.A. Sloane 1991 - Elwyn R. Berlekamp 2006 -Vladimir I. Levenshtein 1992 - Lotfi A. Zadeh 2007 - 1993 - Jorma J. Rissanen 2008 - Sergio Verdú 1994 - 2009 - Peter Franaszek 1995 - Jacob Ziv 2010 -, 1996 - Mark S. Pinsker and 1997 -Thomas M. Cover 2011 -Toby Berger 1998 - David D. Clark 2012 - , Amin Shokrollahi 1999 - David A. Huffman 2013 - Arthur Robert Calderbank 2000 - Solomon W. Golomb 2014 -Thomas Richardson and Rüdiger L. 2001 - A. G. Fraser Urbanke

“For contributions to Information Theory, including 11 source coding and its applications.” Information Theory The science of information theory tackles the following questions [Berger] 1. What is information, i.e., how do we measure it quantitatively? 2. What factors limit the reliability with which information generated at one point can be reproduced at another, and what are the resulting limits? 3. How should communication systems be designed in order to achieve or at least to approach these limits?

12 Basic elements of communication  Analog (continuous) Information source: produce a message Digital (discrete)  Transmitter: operate on the message to create a signal (in an appropriate form) which can be sent through a channel

Transmitted Received Message Message Signal Signal Information Transmitter Channel Receiver Destination Source Modulation Coding

Noise, Interference, Distortion

13 Basic elements (2)  Channel: the medium over which the signal, carrying the information that composes the message, is sent  Channel impairments: Unwanted undesirable effects which corrupt the message

Transmitted Received Message Message Signal Signal Information Transmitter Channel Receiver Destination Source

Noise, Interference, Distortion + Transmission loss (attenuation) 14 Basic elements (3)  Receiver: transform the received signal back into the message intended for delivery  Destination: a person or a machine, for whom or which the message is intended Transmitted Received Message Message Signal Signal Information Transmitter Channel Receiver Destination Source Amplification Demodulation Decoding Noise, Filtering Interference, Distortion

15 Elements of digital commu. sys.

Message Transmitter

Information Source Channel Digital Source Encoder Encoder Modulator Transmitted Signal

Channel Noise & Interference Recovered Message Receiver Received Signal Source Channel Digital Destination Decoder Decoder Demodulator

16 Digital Communication Binary data stream (sequence of data) without meaning (from channel viewpoint). Waveform  sequence  symbols  bits Take the bits from one place to another. Input Source 010100 Channel Encoder Encoder

Know the probabilistic + noise & interference structure of the input source. Channel Binary Interface

Output Source 010100 Channel Decoder Decoder

17 This is the major layering of all digital communication systems. Additional Reading  A Brief History of Communications: IEEE Communications Society - a fifty-year foundation for the future  ประวัตยิ ่อ "การส่อสารโลกื ": ห้าสบปิ ีชมรมไฟฟ้ า ส่อสารื —รากฐานส่อนาคตู  https://www.mebmarket.com/index.php?action=BookDetails&book_id=20  http://www.ebooks.in.th/ebook/7880/ประวัตยิ ่อ"การส่อสารื โลก"_(A_Brief_History_of_Communications_e-book)/  Thai Telecommunications Encyclopedia (สารานุกรม โทรคมนาคมไทย)  Links posted in the “references” section of the website.

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