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GENDER Did You Know? in Finland, Families Are Provided with Support to Combine Work EQUALITY and Family Life
GENDER Did you know? In Finland, families are provided with support to combine work EQUALITY and family life. Children are guaranteed good preconditions with a comprehensive child health care system and the right to day care, school health care and school lunches. IN FINLAND The views expressed herein are solely those of the authors. E-mail: [email protected] For free reference use. Freedom of choice enhances quality of life Equality brings prosperity Content Finland has led the way in gender to promote equality in schools and 04 FORERUNNERS equality with other Nordic countries for workplaces. While many glass ceilings 08 FAMILY STORIES decades and is today one of the most have been broken, there is still a lot to do 16 EQUALITY IN NUMBERS equal countries in the world. Various and accomplish in the field of equality. 18 INSPIRATIONAL WOMEN high international rankings in equality for The gender pay gap still exists and men 26 EQUAL EDUCATION Finland are no coincidence – many brave use only a fraction of parental leave. 28 EDUTECH PIONEER men and women have fought for equality Our labour market is heavily divided into 30 EQUALITY CHALLENGES in education, politics and working life. women’s and men’s occupations. 32 DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Gender equality is one of the core Equality cannot be taken for granted 34 EQUALITY TODAY values of the Finnish society. There is – it can also be challenged. There is reason to believe that Finland would not still room for improvement before be one of the most advanced countries everyone has the possibility to fulfil their in the world had it not been for its strong full potential. -
Women's Role in Finnish Democracy Building
Aura Korppi-Tommola Women’s Role in Finnish Democracy Building The Finnish Experience MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF FINLAND Contents The industrious mistress of the farm: Before industrialisation 3 Industrialisation and urbanisation 6 Building Democracy 1917-1945 9 Reconstruction 12 Finnish society today: still on the road toward equality 17 DEMO FINLAND – Political Parties of Finland for Democracy 20 COVER photo: JYRKI Komulainen / Gorilla The industrious mistress of the farm: Before industrialisation Everyday partnership in agriculture from their neighbours. Life then could best be described as hard work under harsh Finnish democracy is based on a very old conditions, in a constant battle with an Nordic system of democracy. Finland was unforgiving climate: everyone on the farm part of Sweden for almost 700 years before it had to work to survive. Large, extended was annexed to the Russian tsarist empire in families, which included several generations 1809, following the war between Sweden and as well as the hired men who worked outside Russia. Finland had an autonomous position and the hired girls who worked indoors and as part of Russia, and was allowed to develop in the dairy production, formed a community its own national Parliament, which had four in which all the members had to get along Estates: the Nobility, the Bourgeoisie, the with each other. They had to work together, 3 Clergy (Lutheran Protestant Church), and and they also had to satisfy the family the Peasantry (Fourth Estate), composed of members’ need for a social life. wealthy farmers who owned their land and The work of the farm was divided, for paid taxes. -
In English- Speaking Countries, but Some Government Officials and Sociologists Use the Term NGO to Refer to Any Association Founded by Citizens
CONTENTS Foreword to the second edition by President Sauli Niinistö ......................... 9 Foreword to the first edition by President Tarja Halonen ........................... 11 Introduction by the editor Ilkka Taipale .................................................... 13 THE CORNERSTONE OF UNITY .............................................................. 15 1 Single-Chamber Parliament – Riitta Uosukainen ................................... 17 2 Constitutional Law Committee – Jarmo Vuorinen ................................. 21 3 Committee for the Future – Jyrki Katainen ............................................ 25 4 Municipal Self-Governance – Pekka Nousiainen .................................... 28 5 The Principle of Transparency – Lasse Lehtonen .................................... 31 6 Population Register – Hannu Luntiala .................................................. 35 7 Coalition Governments – Harri Holkeri ............................................... 39 8 Tripartism – Timo Kauppinen ............................................................... 41 9 Women’s Suffrage and the 40 Percent Quota – Tuula Haatainen ............. 44 10 No Corruption – Johannes Koskinen ................................................... 46 11 Bilingualism – Göran von Bonsdorff .................................................... 49 12 Åland – An Autonomous Region in Finland – Gunnar Jansson ............ 52 13 Sámi People – Pekka Aikio ................................................................... 55 CIVIL SOCIETY ....................................................................................... -
Deliberative Representation in Parliament 95
Department of Political Science University of Helsinki Helsinki DELIBERATIVE REPRESENTATION IN PARLIAMENT Jenni M. Rinne ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Helsinki, for public examination in lecture room 302, Athena building, on 17 January 2020, at 12 noon. Helsinki 2020 Publications of the Faculty of Social Sciences 134 (2020) © Jenni M. Rinne Distribution and sales: Unigrafi, Helsinki http://shop.unigrafia.fi [email protected] ISBN 978-951-51-3424-0 (pbk.) ISBN 978-951-51-3423-3 (PDF) ISNN 2343-273X (pbk.) ISNN 2343-2748 (web) Helsinki University Printing House Helsinki 2020 ABSTRACT This research sets out clarifying theoretically the relations with two democratically relevant concepts: political representation and deliberation. It does so by developing the idea of ‘deliberative representation’ and studying it empirically in a parliamentary context. Recent scholarship of representation, namely the constructivist turn, sees the concept of representation as dynamic and fluid. As such, this paradigm shift looks past the electoral notion that highlights the premise of interests and preferences. Scholarship on deliberation is similarly revising its focus. This research draws especially from the systemic approach to deliberation. It implies that loosening traditional normative criteria will advance the study of deliberation in politically charged settings such as legislatures. Both strands of theories are gradually assuming context and function sensitive perspectives that are merged in my reading of deliberative representation. The under-theorised link between representation and deliberation has resulted in shortage of empirical accounts of where representatives operate in. The research is motivated by a simple question: what do representatives actually do when they represent? Finding answers to this question helps in understanding what drives deliberation in parliaments. -
Dynamic Finland Osa 1 5 28.10.2002, 12:38 Contents
pertti pesonen and olavi riihinen Dynamic Finland The Political System and the Welfare State Studia Fennica Historica The Finnish Literature Society (SKS) was founded in 1831 and has, from the very beginning, engaged in publishing operations. It nowadays publishes literature in the fields of ethnology and folkloristics, linguistics, literary research and cultural history. The first volume of the Studia Fennica series appeared in 1933. Since 1992, the series has been divided into three thematic subseries: Ethnologica, Folkloristica and Linguistica. Two additional subseries were formed in 2002, Historica and Litteraria. The subseries Anthropologica was formed in 2007. In addition to its publishing activities, the Finnish Literature Society maintains research activities and infrastructures, an archive containing folklore and literary collections, a research library and promotes Finnish literature abroad. Studia fennica editorial board Anna-Leena Siikala Rauno Endén Teppo Korhonen Pentti Leino Auli Viikari Kristiina Näyhö Editorial Office SKS P.O. Box 259 FI-00171 Helsinki www.finlit.fi Pertti Pesonen & Olavi Riihinen Dynamic Finland The Political System and the Welfare State Finnish Literature Society • Helsinki 1 Studia Fennica Historica 3 The publication has undergone a peer review. The open access publication of this volume has received part funding via a Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation grant. © 2002 Pertti Pesonen, Olavi Riihinen and SKS License CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International A digital edition of a printed book first published in 2002 by the Finnish Literature Society. Cover Design: Timo Numminen EPUB: eLibris Media Oy ISBN 978-951-746-426-0 (Print) ISBN 978-952-222-822-2 (PDF) ISBN 978-952-222-823-9 (EPUB) ISSN 0085-6835 (Studia Fennica) ISSN 1458-526X (Studia Fennica Historica) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21435/sfh.3 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License. -
Kristiina Korhonen with Erja Kettunen & Mervi Lipponen DEVELOPMENT
B - 6 6 JULKAISUJA Kristiina Korhonen HELSINGIN KAUPPAKORKEAKOULUN POLITICO-ECONOMIC RELATIONS POLITICO-ECONOMIC RELATIONS with Erja Kettunen & Mervi Lipponen with Erja Kettunen DEVELOPMENT OF FINNO-KOREAN DEVELOPMENT OF FINNO-KOREAN Kristiina KORHONEN WITH Erja KETTUNEN & Mervi LIPPONEN: DEVELOPMENT OF FINNO-KOREAN B-66 POLITICO-ECONOMIC RELATIONS 2005 N 951-791-984-0 ISSN 0356-889X B IS Kristiina Korhonen with Erja Kettunen & Mervi Lipponen DEVELOPMENT OF FINNO-KOREAN POLITICO-ECONOMIC RELATIONS HELSINGIN KAUPPAKORKEAKOULUN JULKAISUJA B-66 © Kristiina Korhonen, Erja Kettunen, Mervi Lipponen and Helsinki School of Economics ISSN 0356-889X ISBN 951-791-984-0 ISBN 951-791-985-9 (e-version) Helsinki School of Economics - HeSE print 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book derives from a long-standing interest in South Korea (hereafter Korea), frequent visits to the country, and periods of residence there in the 1990s. There are no earlier studies on Finno-Korean relations. However, the relations are worth of analysis as they show how two geographically and culturally distant countries can build close and beneficial relations. In addition, the present study shows that the development of Finno- Korean relations reflects clearly the dynamics of the world order. Our deepest gratitude goes to President Kwon In-Hyuk of Korea Foundation for taking our project to the research programme of the Foundation. Furthermore, we are deeply indebted to Professor Emerita Lee In-Ho and Ambassador Lauri Korpinen for their enthusiasm toward our project. The study was conducted at the Helsinki School of Economics (HSE). It was started in the department of International Business and finalised at the Center for Markets in Transition (CEMAT).