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A Moment of Silence: a Permissible Accommodation Protecting the Capacity to Form Religious Belief
Indiana Law Journal Volume 61 Issue 3 Article 6 Summer 1986 A Moment of Silence: A Permissible Accommodation Protecting the Capacity to Form Religious Belief Andrew Woodbridge Hall Indiana University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj Part of the First Amendment Commons Recommended Citation Hall, Andrew Woodbridge (1986) "A Moment of Silence: A Permissible Accommodation Protecting the Capacity to Form Religious Belief," Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 61 : Iss. 3 , Article 6. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol61/iss3/6 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTES A Moment of Silence: A Permissible Accommodation Protecting the Capacity to Form Religious Belief INTRODUCTION The United States Supreme Court decisions prohibiting organized prayer' and Bible reading 2 in public schools have provoked considerable public debate and have resulted in state legislatures enacting statutes providing for students' observance of a "moment of silence" at the beginning of the school day.' Commentators who have considered the constitutionality of state moment of silence statutes have not reached uniform conclusions. 4 Lower courts have struck down several of these statutes under constitutional challenge as being an establishment of religion in violation of the first amendment.5 The 1. Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962). 2. Abington School Dist. v. -
Pensylvania Kicks the Can Down the Road “So Tell Me What You Want, What You Really, Really Want.” 1997
Volume 96, Number 2 October 2012 www.asce-pgh.org Pensylvania Kicks the Can Down the Road “So tell me what you want, what you really, really want.” 1997. What were you doing in 1997? How old were your kids? What car did you drive? Bob Carlisle’s “Butterfly Kisses” was the #12 hit. The Spice Girls had 3 top hits in 1997. Basic Cable TV was $29.52 per month. A postage stamp was 29¢. Republican Tom Ridge was Governor. Three Rivers Stadium existed. 1997 Construction Cost Index: 5825. August, 2012 CCI was 9351, up 60%. The PA Liquid Fuel tax, to maintain our roads, was 12¢ per gallon. It still is. In 2012, the Oil Franchise Tax also remains at 19.2¢ per gallon. In 2012, 17% of Pennsylvania bridges are structurally deficient, and 800 must be replaced, and all average over 50 years old. About 20% of the workers in the Pennsylvania Construction industry are unemployed, with 3,300 less in August. In 1997 the Pennsylvania unemployment rate was about 5.1%. After the inflation adjustment to the tax, the rate declined to about 4.2%. In August, 2012 it was 8.1%. Following a nearly decade-long effort in crafting and advocating legislation designed to explore and create public-private partnerships (P3) in transportation, this summer Gov. Tom Corbett signed House Bill 3 into law, making it Act 88 of 2012. It funded nothing. 1997 Governor Tom Ridge “This act opens a new chapter in the way Pennsylvania can fund projects designed to repair and replace our structurally deficient roads and bridges with the cooperation, financial resources and efficiencies of the private sector.” Retiring Rep. -
Sept – Oct 2014
People Concerned for the Unb rn Child Published six times a year by People Concerned for the Unborn Child Since 1969 - Pennsylvania’s oldest and largest grass roots pro-life Organization 3050 Pioneer Avenue www.pcuc.org Pittsburgh, PA 15226 Office: 412-531-9272 Editor: [email protected] Fax 412-531-5885 NEWSLETTER September-October 2014 Vol. 42 No. 5 NATIONAL LIFE CHAIN OCTOBER 5 BANQUET RESERVATIONS BY SEPT 20 Teacher, philosopher, orator and man of great Faith, Alan Keyes rose from humble beginnings to become one of our country’s greatest scholars. He earned his doctorate from Harvard. Early in his careen, Keyes joined the State Department, working with U.N. Ambassador Jean Kirkpatrick. His posts included Mumbai, India and Zimbabwe. President Reagan appointed Keyes to several diplomatic positions, knowing he would represent the highest principles of our beloved Republic. Greensburg area pro-lifers stood along busy Keyes has run for public office several times; his Rt. 30 with their messages of life and hope. campaigns have always been strongly pro-life. See page 5 for the full list of local Life We are pleased and proud to have Alan Keyes as Chains. If you need information, call Mary the main speaker at our annual Celebrate Life Banquet Catherine Scanlon 412-781-6550. on Sunday, October 5. Please see the reservation form on page 8. If you have questions, call Kathleen at the 40 DAYS FOR LIFE STARTS WED/SEPT 24 PCUC office, 412-531-9272 or Claudia, 724-799-5904 PRAY TO END ABORTION Our peaceful, CASEY SPONSORS PRO-ABORTION BILL prayerful -
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Legislative
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATIVE JOURNAL MONDAY, JANUARY 26, 2009 SESSION OF 2009 193D OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY No. 2 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JOURNAL APPROVAL POSTPONED The House convened at 1 p.m., e.s.t. The SPEAKER. Without objection, approval of the Journal of Tuesday, January 6, 2009, will be postponed until printed. THE SPEAKER (KEITH R. McCALL) The Chair hears no objection. PRESIDING LEAVES OF ABSENCE PRAYER The SPEAKER. Turning to leaves of absence, the Chair The SPEAKER. The prayer will be offered by Pastor recognizes the majority whip, Representative DeWeese, who Ricky Phillips, who is a guest of the Honorable Representative requests the following leaves: the gentleman from Bucks, Bud George. Mr. GALLOWAY, for the day; the gentleman from Erie, Mr. HORNAMAN, for the day; the gentleman from Allegheny, PASTOR RICKY PHILLIPS, Guest Chaplain of the House Mr. Matt SMITH, for the day; the gentleman from of Representatives, offered the following prayer: Montgomery, Mr. CURRY, for the day; and the gentleman from Washington, Mr. DALEY, for the day. Without objection, the Let us pray: leaves will be granted. God of all creation, You are the source of all wisdom and The Chair also recognizes the gentleman, Mr. Turzai, who love. You have created all of us, and as individuals, we are all requests the following leaves: the gentleman from Delaware, different in many ways. We thank You for this diversity. Help Mr. CIVERA, for the week; the gentleman from Lancaster, us to celebrate this diversity by working together so that we can Mr. HICKERNELL, for the day; and the gentleman from appreciate the true beauty of creation in all of its fullness. -
A Rose by Any Other Name: School Prayer Redefined As a Moment of Silence Is Still Unconstitutional
Denver Law Review Volume 82 Issue 1 Article 5 December 2020 A Rose by Any Other Name: School Prayer Redefined as a Moment of Silence Is Still Unconstitutional Lee Ann Rabe Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/dlr Recommended Citation Lee Ann Rabe, A Rose by Any Other Name: School Prayer Redefined as a Moment of Silence Is Still Unconstitutional, 82 Denv. U. L. Rev. 57 (2004). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. A ROSE BY ANY OTHER NAME: SCHOOL PRAYER REDEFINED AS A MOMENT OF SILENCE IS STILL UNCONSTITUTIONAL LEE ANN RABEt I. INTRODUCTION Views on prayer in public schools have been sharply divided ever since the Supreme Court affirmed the separation of church and state in that setting.' Various political interest groups have repeatedly attempted to "return God to the classroom" by introducing legislation aimed at re- storing prayer to public schools.2 Since the terrorist attacks of September 11 th, 2001, there is a renewed interest in school prayer.3 Many state governments are considering passing legislation mandating a "moment of silence" or otherwise promoting prayer in public schools.4 The issue of f Lee Ann Rabe: law clerk to the Honorable Elaine E. Bucklo, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois; B.A. in English, The Ohio State University; J.D., The Ohio State Uni- versity Moritz College of Law, Class of 2003. -
5780 | 2019-2020 Contents
בס”ד GUIDE 5780 | 2019-2020 CONTENTS WELCOME 3 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ palmbeachjewish.com JEWISH HOLIDAYS 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ palmbeachjewish.com/highholidays | palmbeachjewish.com/sukkos | palmbeachjewish.com/chanukah palmbeachjewish.com/purim | palmbeachjewish.com/pesach | palmbeachjewish.com/shavuos SYNAGOGUE AND SHABBATONS 10 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ palmbeachjewish.com/shabbos | palmbeachjewish.com/minyan GARY & TERRI SCHOTTENSTEIN PALM BEACH TORAH INSTITUTE 17 ________________ palmbeachjewish.com/torah | palmbeachjewish.com/rcs | palmbeachjewish.com/jli GARY & MONA DAVIS DALED ARTS 25 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ palmbeachjewish.com/daledarts TEMI HOROWITZ JEWISH WOMEN’S CIRCLE OF PALM BEACH 29 ________________________ palmbeachjewish.com/jwc | palmbeachjewish.com/bookclub | palmbeachjewish.com/cfs | palmbeachjewish.com/rcs TOURISTS 36 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ palmbeachjewish.com/judaica | palmbeachjewish.com/tourist MEMBERSHIP 39 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -
Verizon Political Contributions January – December 2012
VERIZON POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS JANUARY – DECEMBER 2012 1 Verizon Political Contributions January – December 2012 A Message from Craig Silliman Verizon is affected by a wide variety of government policies ‐‐ from telecommunications regulation to taxation to health care and more ‐‐ that have an enormous impact on the business climate in which we operate. We owe it to our shareowners, employees and customers to advocate public policies that will enable us to compete fairly and freely in the marketplace. Political contributions are one way we support the democratic electoral process and participate in the policy dialogue. Our employees have established political action committees at the federal level and in 20 states. These political action committees (PACs) allow employees to pool their resources to support candidates for office who generally support the public policies our employees advocate. This report lists all PAC contributions, corporate political contributions, support for ballot initiatives and independent expenditures made by Verizon in 2012. The contribution process is overseen by the Corporate Governance and Policy Committee of our Board of Directors, which receives a comprehensive report and briefing on these activities at least annually. We intend to update this voluntary disclosure twice a year and publish it on our corporate website. We believe this transparency with respect to our political spending is in keeping with our commitment to good corporate governance and a further sign of our responsiveness to the interests of our shareowners. Craig L. Silliman Senior Vice President, Public Policy 2 Verizon Political Contributions January – December 2012 Political Contributions Policy: Our Voice in the Political Process What are the Verizon Good Government Clubs? and the government agencies administering the federal and individual state election laws. -
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Legislative
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATIVE JOURNAL MONDAY, OCTOBER 15, 2018 SESSION OF 2018 202D OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY No. 44 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES O divine Master, grant that I may not so much seek to be consoled as to console, The House convened at 11 a.m., e.d.t. to be understood as to understand, to be loved as to love. THE SPEAKER (MIKE TURZAI) For it is in giving that we receive, PRESIDING it is in pardoning that we are pardoned, and it is in dying that we are born to eternal life. MOMENT OF SILENCE In Your name we pray. Amen. FOR HON. MICHAEL H. O'BRIEN The SPEAKER. We were of course deeply saddened to learn PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE of the passing of our friend and colleague, Representative (The Pledge of Allegiance was recited by members and Michael O'Brien. So I would ask everybody to please stand as visitors.) able for a moment of silence as we reflect upon his life and legacy as a public servant. Of course we will be having a memorial at a later date and time. JOURNAL APPROVAL POSTPONED The prayer today will be offered by our friend and colleague, the minority whip, Representative Mike Hanna. Immediately The SPEAKER. Without objection, the approval of the thereafter we will recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Please stand Journal of Thursday, October 11, 2018, will be postponed until for this moment of silence, and then we will have Representative printed. Hanna give the prayer. BILL REPORTED FROM COMMITTEE, (Whereupon, the members of the House and all visitors stood CONSIDERED FIRST TIME, AND TABLED in a moment of silence in solemn respect to the memory of the Honorable Michael H. -
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania House of Representatives House Cons^Er Affairs Committee
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HOUSE CONS^ER AFFAIRS COMMITTEE IRVIS OFFICE BUILDING ROOM G-50 HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 13, 2 010 2:06 P.M. IN RE: PUBLIC HEARING PENNSYLVANIA PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISSION BEFORE: HONORABLE JOSEPH PRESTON, JR., CHAI^IAN HONORABLE ROBERT W. GODSHALL HONORABLE WILLIAM F. ADOLPH, JR. HONORABLE SHERYL DELOZIER HONORABLE BRIAN ELLIS HONORABLE MARC GERGELY HONORABLE SETH M. GROVE HONORABLE NICK KOTIK HONORABLE ROBERT MATZIE BRENDA S. HAMILTON REPORTING P.O. BOX 165 ELM, PENNSYLVANIA 17 521 717.627.1368 (FAX) 717.627.0319 (CONT'D) HONORABLE TINA PICKETT HONORABLE DAVE REED HONORABLE DOUGLAS REICHLEY HONORABLE TIMOTHY J. SOLOBAY ALSO PRESENT: HONORABLE BRENDAN F. BOYLE GAIL DAVIS, MAJORITY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR JAKE SMELTZ, MINORITY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR DAVID V. VITALE, ESQUIRE TIM SCOTT, RESEARCH ANALYST BETH ROSENTEL, RESEARCH ANALYST MARCI SANTORO, COMMITTEE LEGISLATIVE ASSISTANT CARL FITZSIMMONS, LEGISLATIVE ASSISTANT BRENDA S. HAMILTON, RPR REPORTER - NOTARY PUBLIC INDEX NAME PAGE JAMES CAWLEY, 10 CHAIRMAN, PENNSYLVANIA PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISSION P R O C E E D I N G S CHAI^IAN PRESTON: Good morning. I'd like to call the committee members to order. I'd like to wish everybody a Happy New Year. And if we would start to my right, to the audience's left, we'll start at the -- in the rear and have individuals introduce themselves. No. My right. MS. ROSENTEL: Oh. Beth Rosentel, Chairman Preston's office. MR. VITALE: David Vitale, legal counsel to the Committee. MR. SCOTT: Tim Scott, Chairman Preston's office. MR. FITZSIMMONS: Carl Fitzsimmons. I work for Bob Godshall. -
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Legislative
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATIVE JOURNAL TUESDAY, JUNE 11, 2019 SESSION OF 2019 203D OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY No. 43 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES LEAVES OF ABSENCE The House convened at 11 a.m., e.d.t. The SPEAKER. Other than those members that have already indicated that they are away for the week, we have no requests for leaves of absence. THE SPEAKER (MIKE TURZAI) PRESIDING MASTER ROLL CALL PRAYER The SPEAKER. We are going to proceed to vote on the master roll. HON. MATTHEW D. DOWLING, member of the House of Representatives, offered the following prayer: The following roll call was recorded: With reverence in our hearts, we, Your many children of many PRESENT–200 beliefs, united in a common purpose, gather to offer this humble prayer: Barrar Fitzgerald Lewis Reese Creator of all, as we come together this session day, we pause Benninghoff Flynn Longietti Rigby Bernstine Frankel Mackenzie Roae to give You glory and praise. We pray for the many blessings Bizzarro Freeman Madden Roebuck upon the members of this chamber. Show us how to live, how to Boback Fritz Malagari Rothman love, how to learn from one another. Allow us to know Your will Borowicz Gabler Maloney Rozzi in all things great and small. Keep us ever mindful of the people Boyle Gainey Markosek Ryan Bradford Galloway Marshall Sainato that we represent. Shine Your light upon our families near and Briggs Gaydos Masser Samuelson far, those who are separated, as we do our work here in Brooks Gillen Matzie Sanchez Harrisburg, and those separated by service to the Commonwealth Brown Gillespie McCarter Sankey and our country defending our freedoms. -
Newportville, Pennsylvania. N**Notlce*** This Meeting Notification Is Available on the Boilermakers Local Lodge No
-fnle¿vtzl¿bnø1,Øt'ailzr/aa/y' BOILERMAKERS . IRON SHIP BUILDERS BLACKSMITHS . FORGERS & HELPERS SUBORDINATE LODGE NO. 13 23OO NEW FALLS BOAD WWW.BOILERMAKERSl 3.ORG NEWPORTVILLE, PA 19056 oFFlcE (215) 785-5536 @".@orr FAX (21 5) 785-5867 September 22,2010 Dear Brothers & Sisters: *****PLEASE READ***** *****I M PORTANT N OTI G ES***** Please be advised that as per membership action and consent, the October Regular Monthly Meeting Date of Local Lodge No. 13 has been changed to Wednesday October 6, 2010 at 8:00 pm at the Frank Donlon Hall, 2300 New Falls Road, Newportville, Pennsylvania. n**NoTlcE*** This meeting notification is available on the Boilermakers Local Lodge No. 1 3 website www.boilermakersl 3.orq We will also be glad to e-mail the meeting notice to you if you provide us with an e-mail address. *****P¡n Ceremony***** - Service pins for 15 or more years of continuous membership will be given at our semi-annual pin ceremony during this meeting on October 6,2010. lf you would like to be part of this ceremony, kindly contact the union hall. ****"Political Alert***** - The upcoming General Election is very important to our future as boilermakers. lt is our duty as members of a boilermaker union to vote in all elections and to support labor friendly candidates. Local Lodge No. 13 will be very active with this election and are in need of volunteers. Activities will include phone banking, labor walks, putting out political signs and Get Out The Vote Campaign. Enclosed you will find a list of the General Election "Labor Friendly" Recommended Gandidates. -
Commonwealth of Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT No. SJC-11317 JANE DOE & OTHERS, Plaintiffs/Appellants, vs. ACTON-BOXBOROUGH REGIONAL SCHOOL DISTRICT & OTHERS, Defendants/Appellees. ON DIRECT APPEAL FROM THE MIDDLESEX SUPERIOR COURT BRIEF FOR AMICI CURIAE ALLIANCE DEFENDING FREEDOM AND MASSACHUSETTS FAMILY INSTITUTE DAVID A. CORTMAN, GA Bar No. 188810 ALLIANCE DEFENDING FREEDOM 1000 Hurricane Shoals Rd. NE, Ste. D-1100 Lawrenceville, GA 30043 (770) 339-0774 [email protected] JEREMY D. TEDESCO, AZ Bar No. 023497 ALLIANCE DEFENDING FREEDOM 15100 N. 90th Street Scottsdale, AZ 85260 (480) 444-0020 [email protected] ANDREW D. BECKWITH, BBO No. 657747 MASSACHUSETTS FAMILY INSTITUTE 100 TradeCenter, Suite 625 Woburn, MA 01801 (781) 569-0400 [email protected] Counsel for Amici Curiae TABLE OF CONTENTS INTEREST OF AMICI.................................... 1 STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES.............................. 3 STATEMENT OF THE CASE................................ 3 STATEMENT OF THE FACTS............................... 7 SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT.............................. 8 ARGUMENT............................................ 10 I. This Court’s Equal Protection Analysis Mirrors that Applied Under the Fourteenth Amendment. 10 II. Because the Pledge Statute Does Not Impinge on the Free Exercise of Religion, Plaintiffs’ Equal Protection Claims are Subject to Rational Basis Review, Not Strict Scrutiny. ................. 13 III. Plaintiffs’ Contentions Fail to Establish An Equal Protection Violation Under State Law. .. 18 A. Intentional Discrimination is Required to Establish a Violation of Massachusetts’ Equal Protection Guarantee. ........................ 19 B. Plaintiffs Allege Disparate Impact Not Facial Discrimination. .............................. 21 C. Disparate Impact Must Be Tied to Discriminatory Intent In Order to Establish a Violation of Massachusetts’ Equal Protection Guarantee. ... 25 D. Neither the Pledge Statute Nor the District’s Practice of Voluntary Pledge Recitation Disparately Impacts Atheist Students.