Web Accessibility Theory and Practice: an Introduction for University Faculty* David A
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IPC Accessibility Guide
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES AND TABLES ................................................................................................................. 8 Foreword ........................................................................................................................................... 10 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 10 Evolving content ......................................................................................................................... 10 Disclosure ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Structure and content of the IPC Accessibility Guide ...................................................... 11 Content ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Executive summary ......................................................................................................................... 12 Aim and purpose of the Guide ................................................................................................ 12 Key objectives of the Guide ..................................................................................................... 12 Target audience of the Guide ................................................................................................. 12 1 General information -
ADA Day Draft
Americans With Disabilities Act ADA DAY 7.26.21 What is ADA Day? History The ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) is a civil rights law for people with disabilities that was passed on July 26, 1990. The law prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities, assuring them of equality and equity of opportunity, full community participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency. In enacting the ADA, Congress recognized that physical and mental disabilities do not reduce a person’s right or ability to fully participate in all aspects of society, but that people with physical or mental disabilities are frequently excluded from doing so as a result of prejudice and inaccessibility. With the help of the ADA, 1 in 4 Americans with disabilities is able to participate in their communities and workplaces today. Every July 26th we celebrate the ADA, our fellow individuals with disabilities, and look ahead to the work that is still being done to make a more inclusive, accessible life for those with disabilities. Areas of assistance under the ADA Employment Transportation Public Accommodations President George Bush signing the ADA act on July 26, 1990 Communications and access to state and local government programs and services 01 Overview of Americans with Disabilities Act Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): Prohibits private and government employers, employment agencies, and worker’s unions from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities. This covered all termsof employment, including applications, hiring, firing, promotion, and job training. It is enforced by the U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Those who believe they have been discriminated against on the basis of their disability can file a charge to the department citing disability discrimination. -
2015 Roadmap to Web Accessibility in Higher Education 22
White Paper 201 ROADMAP TO WEB ACCESSIBILITY IN HIGHER5 EDUCATION 2015 Roadmap to Web Accessibility in Higher Education 2 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................ 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 4 WHO IS THIS WHITE PAPER FOR? ............................................................................................................. 4 WEB ACCESSIBILITY – A GROWING CONCERN FOR HIGHER EDUCATION .................................................. 5 WHAT IS WEB ACCESSIBILITY? ........................................................................................................................... 5 A SURGE IN THE DISABLED POPULATION .............................................................................................................. 5 IMPACT OF ACCESSIBILITY LAWS ON UNIVERSITIES .................................................................................................. 6 THE REHABILITATION ACT.................................................................................................................................. 6 THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT .............................................................................................................. 6 TYPES OF DISABILITIES ..................................................................................................................................... -
Access All Areas: Disability, Technology and Learning Edited by Lawrie Phipps, Allan Sutherland and Jane Seale
Access All Areas: disability, technology and learning Edited by Lawrie Phipps, Allan Sutherland and Jane Seale © JISC TechDis Service and ALT i Acknowledgements The publication of this book is the result of a collaboration between TechDis and the Association for Learning Technology who have worked together to commission and edit the contributions. Both TechDis and the Association for Learning Technology would like to acknowledge the following people who have contributed chapters for this book: David Banes AbilityNet Simon Ball TechDis Nigel Beacham IMPACT Research Group, Loughborough University Chris Cann Educational Consultant Margaret Dilloway Bournville College of Further Education EA Draffan TechDis Accessibility Database Shirley Evans Royal National College for the Blind Philip Henderson ICT Access Specialist, Treloar Trust Michael Lakey Tynemouth College AP McDermott Communications and Learning Technologies Research Group, University of Plymouth Zoë Neumann Royal National Institute for the Blind Susi Peacock Learning Technology Advisor, Queen Margaret University College Daniel Ross WebCT Administrator, Queen Margaret University College Jacqui Skelton Student Disability Advisor, Queen Margaret University College David Sloan Digital Media Access Group Stuart Smith MIMAS, Manchester Computing, University of Manchester Mike Wald Director Southern Higher and Further Education Collaboration Betty Willder JISC Legal Information Service Kathy Wiles LTSN Generic Centre NAJ Witt Communications and Learning Technologies Research Group, University of Plymouth The following contributed to the reviewing, copy editing or proof reading of this book and their comments and assistance are also gratefully acknowledged: Simon Ball TechDis Samuel Fanous Oxford University Rhonda Riachi Director, Association for Learning Technology Design and DTP by Jamie Shaw, www.jamietshaw.co.uk ISBN 1-904190-18-9 ii © JISC TechDis Service and ALT A note on language There are many terms in current usage to describe disabled people. -
Making a Makerspace? Guidelines for Accessibility and Universal Design
Making a Makerspace? Guidelines for Accessibility and Universal Design Many engineering departments, libraries, and Student Voices universities are launching new initiatives to create Why are accessible makerspaces important, makerspaces, physical spaces where students, and how do we involve more students with faculty, and the broader community can gather disabilities? and share resources and knowledge, work on projects, network, and build. In creating these • “Makerspaces are about community. innovative spaces we should apply principles of We need to ensure everyone from the universal design to ensure the spaces, tools, and community can participate.” community are accessible to as many individuals as possible. • “Makerspaces are often used to help build new assistive technology and increase Universal design encourages the design of space, accessibility; however, many of these spaces products, and processes not just for the average and tools remain inaccessible. We need to user, but for people with a broad range of abilities, make sure disabled people can access these ages, reading levels, learning styles, languages, spaces and create the products and designs cultures, and other characteristics. Makerspaces that they actually want.” foster innovation, and we want to ensure that individuals of all backgrounds and abilities can actively contribute to the design process. We Planning and Policies advocate for participatory design (interactions. Create a culture of inclusion and universal design acm.org/archive/view/march-april-2015/design-for- as early as possible. During your planning process user-empowerment) where individuals from diverse consider the following questions: backgrounds bring their unique experiences and • Are people with a variety of disabilities in- perspectives to the design process. -
Assistive Technology That's Free
AT That’s Free By Andrew Leibs Before the digital age, assistive technology was hard to miss, and hard to buy. Classmates would see a sight-impaired student’s boxy video magnifier or hear her computer talk. These were costly, clunky solutions usually acquired through special education. Today, we have the inverse: sleek laptops, tablets, and smartphones now have so much processing power, manufacturers can enfold functionality – e.g., screen reading, magnification, audio playback – that once necessitated separate software or machines. All Windows and iOS devices have more built-in accessibility than most users will ever need or know they have. And what’s not built into the operating system is usually available as a free mobile app, web service, or downloadable application. Here’s a quick look at some of the assistive applications you either have or can quickly snag to make reading, writing, online research, and information sharing more accessible or efficient. Accessibility Built Into Microsoft Windows & Office The Microsoft Windows operating system provides three main accessibility applications: Narrator, a screen reader; Magnifier, a text and image enlarger; and On-Screen Keyboard, an input option for persons who are unable to type on a standard keyboard. The programs are located in the system’s Ease of Access Center. To get there, click Start, Control Panel, and then Ease of Access Center. The Center lets you change accessibility settings, activate built-in command tools, and fill out a questionnaire to receive personalized recommendations. • Narrator is a screen reader that lets users operate their PC without a display. Narrator reads all onscreen text aloud, provides verbal cues to navigate programs, and has keyboard shortcuts for choosing what's read, e.g., “Insert + F8” will read the current document. -
Gauging ADA Compliance in the 21St Century Business Internet: a Pilot Study
Communications of the IIMA Volume 16 Issue 4 Article 3 2018 Gauging ADA Compliance in the 21st Century Business Internet: A Pilot Study Daniel McDonald Georgia College & State University, [email protected] Tanya Goette Georgia College & State University, [email protected] Hannah Petoia Georgia College & State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/ciima Part of the Management Information Systems Commons Recommended Citation McDonald, Daniel; Goette, Tanya; and Petoia, Hannah (2018) "Gauging ADA Compliance in the 21st Century Business Internet: A Pilot Study," Communications of the IIMA: Vol. 16 : Iss. 4 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/ciima/vol16/iss4/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Communications of the IIMA by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gauging ADA Compliance in the 21st Century Business Internet: A Pilot Study ABSTRACT This paper explores issues of accessibility in Web design, including the applicability of various federal statutes such as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. A pilot study of six private sector websites is completed to gauge the effectiveness of current accessibility standards as interpreted from the ADA and Section 508. Evaluating these sites shows that even after 25 years, sites still have accessibility issues. Keywords: web accessibility, Americans with Disabilities Act, ADA, web design, accessibility standards, WCAG 2.0, HTML Section 508 checklist INTRODUCTION The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) created a legal incentive for businesses to stop discriminating against people with disabilities. -
Accessibility Standards Activities
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS EFFORTS TOWARDS SAFE ACCESSIBILITY TECHNOLOGY FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES: CROSS-INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES Roger Bostelman August 24, 2010 1 of 20 1. Introduction a. US Government Accessibility Standards Activities Because of their large potential impact, accessibility standards might be thought of by many as only including the US Department of Justice Rehabilitation Act Section 508 standard or the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards. Section 508 requires that electronic and information technology that is developed by or purchased by the Federal Agencies be accessible to people with disabilities. [1] The ADA standard part 36 of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12181), prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability by public accommodations and requires places of public accommodation and commercial facilities to be designed, constructed, and altered in compliance with the accessibility standards established by this part. [2] Other US Federal Government agencies have ADA responsibilities as listed here with the regulating agency shown in parentheses: Consider Employment (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) Public Transportation (Department of Transportation) Telephone Relay Service (Federal Communications Commission) Proposed Design Guidelines (Access Board) Education (Department of Education) Health Care (Department of Health and Human Services) Labor (Department of Labor) Housing (Department of Housing and Urban Development) Parks and Recreation (Department of the Interior) Agriculture (Department of Agriculture) Like the agencies listed, the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST) supports and complies with the 508 and ADA standards. Moreover, NIST was directed by the Help America Vote Act of 2002, to work with the Election Assistance Commission (EAC) and Technical Guidelines Development Committee (TGDC) to develop voting system standards - Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG). -
Accessibility in Web Development Courses: a Case Study
informatics Article Accessibility in Web Development Courses: A Case Study Mexhid Ferati 1,* and Bahtijar Vogel 2 1 Informatics Department, Linnaeus University, 392 31 Kalmar, Sweden 2 Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 February 2020; Accepted: 13 March 2020; Published: 17 March 2020 Abstract: Web accessibility is becoming a relevant topic with an increased number of people with disabilities and the elderly using the web. Numerous legislations are being passed that require the web to be universally accessible to all people, regardless of their abilities and age. Despite this trend, university curricula still teach traditional web development without addressing accessibility as a topic. To investigate this matter closely, we studied the syllabi of web development courses at one university to evaluate whether the topic of accessibility was taught there. Additionally, we conducted a survey with nineteen students who were enrolled in a web development course, and we interviewed three lecturers from the same university. Our findings suggest that the topic of accessibility is not covered in web development courses, although both students and lecturers think that it should. This generates lack of competence in accessibility. The findings also confirm the finding of previous studies that, among web developers, there is a low familiarity with accessibility guidelines and policies. An interesting finding we uncovered was that gender affects the motivation to learn about accessibility. Females were driven by personal reasons, which we attribute to females having an increased sense of empathy. Finally, our participants were divided in their opinions whether accessibility contributes to usability. -
Disability Rights Movement —The ADA Today
COVER STORY: ADA Today The Disability Rights Movement —The ADA Today Karen Knabel Jackson navigates Washington DC’s Metro. by Katherine Shaw ADA legislation brought f you’re over 30, you probably amazing changes to the landscape—expected, understood, remember a time in the and fostering independence, access not-too-distant past when a nation, but more needs and self-suffi ciency for people curb cut was unusual, there to be done to level the with a wide range of disabilities. were no beeping sounds at playing fi elds for citizens Icrosswalks on busy city street with disabilities. Yet, with all of these advances, corners, no Braille at ATM court decisions and inconsistent machines, no handicapped- policies have eroded the inten- accessible bathroom stalls at the airport, few if tion of the ADA, lessening protections for people any ramps anywhere, and automatic doors were with disabilities. As a result, the ADA Restoration common only in grocery stores. Act of 2007 (H.R. 3195/S. 1881) was introduced last year to restore and clarify the original intent Today, thanks in large part to the Americans with of the legislation. Hearings have been held in both Disabilities Act (ADA), which was signed into law the House and Senate and the bill is expected to in 1990, these things are part of our architectural pass in 2008. 20 Momentum • Fall.2008 Here’s how the ADA works or doesn’t work for some people with MS today. Creating a A no-win situation Pat had a successful career as a nursing home admin- istrator in the Chicago area. -
Universal Design Principles Into Astronomy Education and Research
INCORPORATING UNIVERSAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES INTO ASTRONOMY EDUCATION AND RESEARCH Panelists: Alicia Aarnio (University of Colorado/AAS WGAD) Jackie Monkiewicz (Arizona State/AAS WGAD) Sharron Rush (Knowbility.org) Organized by: Sarah Tuttle (University of Washington/ AAS CWSA-WGAD liaison) CART captioning: Polly Fife (Texas Closed Captioning) Universal Access Note: • Please use this space as you need or prefer. • Sit in chairs or on the floor, pace, lie on the floor, rock, flap, spin, move around, knit, step in and out of the room. • Feel free to use your laptop or your electronic devices or your mechanical fidget devices if you brought them. Take notes or play video games. • Meeting tag #wiaiv; us: @AAS_WGAD, @AliciaAarnio, @jmonkiew, @knowbility • Please use headphones if you use audio. -adapted from Lydia Brown, @autistichoya Motivation 1 in 5 Americans is disabled (CDC, 2015) • ADA: Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) prohibits discrimination… • BUT Disability Offices and ADA compliance varies from institution to institution • Graph shows percentage of students with disabilities in STEM degrees: 10% undergraduate; 5% graduate level, 1% who complete PhD programs. Accessibility 101 • Intersectionality Reminder • Medical vs. Social Model of Disability • Visible vs. Invisible Disability, risks of disclosure • ADA Compliance (and its limits) • Common forms of Prejudice & Discrimination • Representation • Movement towards Self-Advocacy • ADA Compliant vs. Barrier-free vs. Universal Design Defining our terms: • Disability: Condition which -
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Accessibility and Web Design
Language Learning & Technology v5n1 2001 Language Learning & Technology Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2001, pp. 11-19 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Accessibility and Web Design Why Does It Matter? Bob Godwin-Jones Virginia Commonwealth University The passage of the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990 has had a major impact on the physical infrastructure of college campuses in the US. Less well-known is the growing ADA impact on educational applications of technology, particularly in the use of the Web. Parallel to the beginnings of ADA-inspired awareness of this issue has come the approval by the Federal Office of Management and Budget on December 21, 2000, of Section 508 (of the Rehabilitation Act) accessibility standards. Government agencies will have six months from this date to make their Web sites accessible to users with disabilities. After that date, federal agencies -- and presumably non-compliant institutions receiving federal funds -- will be subject to law suits. Many regions in the US have instituted accessibility guidelines as well. This is not just a US issue; there are a number of countries, including Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, and Japan, which have recently issued policies relating to Web accessibility. But legality aside, it makes good sense to make instructional technology as accessible as possible. There are emerging standards for achieving this goal. Interestingly, new Web delivery options can benefit from following the same guidelines. Why should language teachers be concerned with accessibility? Can't the small number of users with special needs be accommodated individually? In response, one could ask, why worry about the limited number of Internet users who don't know English? Just as we should be concerned with monolingualism on the Web and the social-economic "digital divide," so too should we be concerned about problematic access to learning materials on the part of even a small numbers of students.