Situation Overview: Central and Eastern , South April - June 2018

REACH Area of Knowledge (AoK) settlement coverage - April 2018 REACH Area of Knowledge (AoK) settlement coverage - May 2018 Introduction Figure 1: KIs interviewed in each REACH base Map 2: REACH assessment coverage of Central and States, April (A), May (B) covering Central and Eastern Equatoria States and June 2018 (C) Continued insecurity along roads and a lack of (A) (B) adequate access to food across ’s Moyo greenbelt region in Central and Eastern Phone 186 KIs 52 KIs

Equatoria States have caused humanitarian In person 155 KIs REACH Area of Knowledge (AoK) settlement coverage - June 2018 needs to worsen over the second quarter of 2018. Many areas in these states are largely well as through direct in-person KI interviews in (C) inaccessible to humanitarian actors due to Kapoeta town, . insecurity. As a result, only limited information is available on the humanitarian situation outside From April to June 2018, REACH interviewed 0 - 4.9% 21 - 50% of a few large towns and displacement sites. 393 KIs that had knowledge about 377 different 5 - 10% 51 - 100% settlements: 195 settlements in all six counties In order to fill these information gaps and 11 - 20% Assessed settlement improve the humanitarian response, REACH of State and 182 settlements This Situation Overview provides a summary Equatoria State and and Counties began collecting monthly data on hard-to- in six out of eight counties of Eastern Equatoria of displacement trends in addition to access in Eastern Equatoria State during the second reach areas in the Greater Equatoria region State (Figure 1). Primary data collection to food and other basic services for both quarter.1 In addition to general insecurity, from January 2017 through interviews with was also complemented by interviews with internally displaced persons (IDPs) and host several incidents targeted aid workers Key Informants (KIs). Between April and June humanitarian partners based in Kapoeta town. communities across Central and Eastern specifically, including security incidents in Tali, Findings were triangulated with secondary 2018, data was collected through phone call Equatoria States from April to June 2018. The Terekeka County, and outside of Yei town, Yei data, including other assessments conducted interviews with KIs residing across the Greater following analysis will summarize trends for County.2 These incidents have further limited by REACH in Central and Eastern Equatoria Equatoria region and who had direct knowledge the two states overall and zoom into specific humanitarian access to many areas of Central of the situation in a hard-to-reach settlement as States over the reporting period. counties where REACH was able to assess and Eastern Equatoria States, many of which Map 1: Counties in Central and Eastern Equatoria States, June 2018 over 5% of the total settlements for a given are only accessible by road. month (Map 2). On top of persisting insecurity across the area, Population Movement and the onset of the rainy season made mobility Terekeka more difficult due to poor road infrastructure, Lopa Kapoeta Kapoeta Displacement further limiting the ability of humanitarians to North East Juba access isolated populations. Juba Kapoeta town Following the first quarter of 2018 characterized Kapoeta by relative calm in many areas of the Greater Among REACH KIs who reported being new South Yei Lainya Torit Budi Equatoria region, a deterioration of insecurity arrivals to Kapoeta town in June, insecurity Kajo-Keji Magwi and humanitarian access was noted in and was reported by a majority (60%) of KIs as Morobo Data collection point Moyo around Yei and Kajo-Keji towns in Central the main push factor, followed by lack of food

1. An analysis of the incidents repertoriated by ACLED data . on political violence in South Sudan suggests a higher volume of incidents of conflict than over the previous quarter ; ADRA. ADRA mourns loss of staff killed in South Sudan. 28 April 2018. 2. OCHA. South Sudan Humanitarian Snapshot. June 2018. Central Equatoria State as refugees toward areas of Lainya, Returns from METHODOLOGY which were deemed to be increasingly stable. New displacement Based on REACH Kapoeta Town Road To provide an overview of the situation in While a mix of permanent returns and daily Monitoring for April and May, more households largely inaccessible areas of Central and Following displacement patterns from the cross border movements were reported to be passing through Kapoeta town reported that Eastern Equatoria, REACH uses primary data previous quarter, Central Equatoria State saw they were coming back from Kakuma refugee provided by KIs living in or who have recent localized armed clashes which caused small on the rise in Kajo-Keji County during the first information about various settlements across scale displacement. In Lainya County, civilians quarter of 2018, continued clashes between camp in Kenya than those who reported to 9 the two states, or “Areas of Knowledge” (AoK). were reportedly displaced toward Lainya town armed actors and harassment by security be heading toward Kakuma. In June, the in June due to insecurity. Insecurity in Yei personel have deterred members of the trend reversed, as outbound households Information for this Situation Overview was 10 County also led to displacement of civilians local community from returning from Uganda outnumbered returns from Kakuma. KIs collected through phone calls conducted toward Yei town.3 Similar patterns of civilian refugee settlements over the second quarter.7 suggested that this shift may be explained out of Juba and Moyo with KIs who were in displacement to Yei town had been noted in by a decrease in pull factors to South Sudan the settlements of interest direct in-person Eastern Equatoria State an assessment of Yei town conducted by following a peak of returns at the beginning intervews, and supplemented with face to face REACH in March 2018.4 Insecurity likely Returns from Uganda of the cultivation cycle in April/May. A total of interviews with KIs who had newly arrived to 1,847 South Sudanese were registered as Kapoeta Town. Participants reached through pushed some civilians to cross the border REACH KIs also reported returns toward refugees in Kakuma during the second quarter phone calls were selected through a snowball into the Democratic Republic of Congo or to , Eastern Equatoria. However, of 2018.11 sampling technique, where each KI was asked hide into the bush around Lasu, in addition to insecurity was reported in Magwi County limiting access to the area for humanitarian to name two addtional people who could be (Pageri area) in mid-June 2018, which likely While safety on roads reportedly significantly partners based in Yei town.5 An attack on a interviewed. slowed down the influx of returnees toward the improved in the second quarter of 2018 in the peacekeeping convoy on the Yei-Lasu road end of the second quarter of the year.8 area, perceived insecurity A standardised survey tool was used that occured in June, putting a temporary halt to comprised questions on displacement humanitarian movements in the southwestern Map 3: Displacement patterns across Central and Eastern Equatoria, April - June 2018 trends, population needs and access to basic 6 portion of Yei County. Mixed permanent and temporary returns from Uganda to urban areas services. Mixed permanent and temporary returns from Kenya to urban areas KIs reported that major incidents of cattle After data collection was completed, all data Displacement caused by insecurity raidings in April had led civilians from Kajo-Keji Displacement primarily driven by lack of food was aggregated at the settlement level, to move into Ugandan refugee settlements and settlements were assigned the modal in search of safety. Until April, Kajo-Keji erekeka response. A “no consensus” answer was pastoralists accounted for much of the civilian given and the answers were not included in !erakeka population that remained inside the county out afon reporting. Descriptive statistics and geospatial Kapoeta of fear that they would not be able to keep their North Kapoeta East analysis were then used to analyse the data. Juba ! animals in the refugee settlements. ! Imeheek Juba ! Kapoeta !

Returns from Uganda ! (13%). The presence of food distributions was ! Narus ! Budi ainya ainya orit orit reported as the main pull factor for 22% of Following on trends from the previous quarter, ! ei ei Magwi ! ! Ikoto!s the KIs who had been displaced to areas in KIs continued to report increasing numbers Ikotos Kao Kei ! ! Magwi of returning South Sudanese from refugee Kao-kei Pageri Central or Eastern Equatoria, followed by 16% Morobo reporting the presence of health services and settlements in Uganda. REACH KIs continued ! 16% citing the presence of education services. to report returns of people who were staying in

3. OCHA. Humanitarian Snapshot. June 2018. convoy attack. 26 June 2018. 9. REACH. Kapoeta Town Road Monitoring. May 2018 and 2 4. REACH, Yei Displacement Brief, March 2018. 7. ACLED. Political Violence and Protest Data - South Sudan. REACH Kapoeta Town Road Monitoring, June 2018. 5. Yei Humanitarian Coordination Forum, Meeting Minutes, 4 March - June 2018. 10. Ibid July 2018. 8. Ibid. 6. UNMISS. UNMISS condemns killing of peacekeeper in armed of rural areas and roads of Eastern Equatoria Figure 2: Percentage of assessed settlements in other regions in the country, on the whole early stages of the cultivation cycle prevented State continued to prevent IDPs displaced in reporting inadequate access to food, June 2018 the strategies were less severe, suggesting farmers from planting at a large scale main towns from returning to their settlements that there remain alternative livelihoods when earlier this year. Disruption of cultivation by of origin in rural areas. For example, KIs 61% of assessed typical livelihoods have been depleted in displacement was the most frequently cited reported that areas around Torit had become settlements reported Central and Eastern Equatoria. Accordingly, reason explaining the lack of adequate access inadequate access to increasingly insecure over the assessment less severe coping strategies were the most to food across Central and Eastern Equatoria food period, with reports of violence against farmers widely reported in June, with 82% of assessed States in June (33% of assessed settlements), and the destruction of crops. These incidents 62+38+A settlements reporting that households were and most of the settlements reporting this have reportedly prevented some farmers who coping by choosing to eat less expensive food Subsistence agriculture was reported to be reason were concentrated in counties reside primarily in Torit town from accessing and 69% of assessed settlements reporting the most prevalent source of livelihoods in bordering refugee settlements in Uganda their cultivation lands in surrounding rural that households were reducing the size of the assessed settlements of Eastern and (Kajo-Keji, Morobo and Magwi Counties). areas. meal portions. A smaller portion of assessed Central Equatoria in June (79% of assessed settlements reported that households were In spite of continued insecurity and settlements), immediately followed by Situation in Assessed relying on more severe coping strategies such displacement, assessed settlements located Settlements casual labour (61%) and livestock rearing as staying entire days without eating (10% of in the ‘Green belt’ area of South Sudan (Yei, (58%). While some areas of Central and Morobo, Lainya, Kajo-Keji Counties), in Food security and Livelihoods assessed settlements) and adults not eating Eastern Equatoria began to harvest in June, so that children can eat (15% of assessed Central Equatoria State, reported cultivation Environmental and conflict shocks have led environmental shocks reportedly limited settlements). as their main source of food. Small scale to a gradual decrease in agricultural output agricultural outputs. Therefore, even where cultivation was reportedly taking place in Southern Central Equatoria during the last cultivation cycle, leading to an cultivation was reported to be taking place, areas away from active conflict zones in early start to the lean season in most areas of populations remained market dependent over Reports of inadequate access to food were Kajo-Keji and Morobo Counties in spite of Central and Eastern Equatoria States during the period. high in the southern part of Central Equatoria the continued insecurity. However, KIs from this quarter.12 In a context of high market Reported levels of access to markets varied State, where repeated displacement in the Kajo-Keji reported that the scale of agricultural dependency, armed clashes and general widely in June, depending on the geographic Map 4: Dominant livelihood zone per county14 insecurity along major roads have restricted area. Out of the 58% of assessed settlements supply, leading to a rise in consumer prices, that reported access to a market in June, most further limiting access to food.13 Accordingly, were concentrated in Central Equatoria. The

61% of assessed settlements reported that settlements that reported a lack of access to Terekeka access to food was inadequate in June. a market were concentrated in the Greater Kapoeta North Kapoeta East Lopa Among assessed settlements that reported Kapoeta area. Even where access to a market was reported to be high, it did not appear to

19+22+33 inadequate access to food, 42% reported Juba translate into adequate access to food, likely Kapoeta that this led to severe hunger in their area. South Torit Budi due to high market prices. Yei In addition, 37% of all assessed settlements Lainya Highland Forest and Sorghum reported that most residents of their settlement As an evidence of food insecurity, assessed Ikotos Equatorial Maize and Cassava Kajo-Keji Magwi were eating one meal a day or less, further settlements reported relying on various Morobo Eastern Semi-Arid Pastoral evidence of low food consumption in a large strategies to cope with a lack of access to food. Ironstone Plateau agro-pastoral portion of Eastern and Central Equatoria. However, compared to settlements assessed

11. UNHCR Sub Office Kakuma. New Arrival Registration 13. Ibid. 3 Trends 2018. 1 July 2018. 14. Livelihood zones do not follow county boundaries. For 12. WFP. South Sudan mVAM Bulletin #6: April 2018 ; Lean an exact representation and for narrative descriptions, see season is the gap in access to food between the exhaustion of FEWSNET. Livelihood zones and descriptions. August 2013. food stocks and the beginning of the following harvest. Assessed settlements reporting on food security: inadequate access to food - June 2018

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Map 5: Percentage of assessed settlements in Central and Eastern Equatoria States reporting theLegend pastoralist communities of the Greater Juba metropolitan area 1 - 20% inadequate access to food, June 2018 Kapoeta21 - 40% area typically experience their lean 61 - 80% 81 - 100% Due to continued macroeconomic decline, food seasonInsufficient data much earlier in the year, from January prices have become increasingly prohibitive in 0 to 1April, and by June livestock products tend and around Juba. As such, inadequate access to be available.15 Accordingly, in June, the to food was widely reported in spite of reported majority of settlements assessed in Kapoeta access to markets in all assessed settlements. North County (53%) reported that their main Among the 86% of assessed settlements 0% source of food in their area was livestock. 1 - 20% that reported inadequate access to food in 21 - 40% Among settlements that reported inadequate June, 28% attributed it to high food prices. 41 - 60% access to food in the Greater Kapoeta area Beyond the issue of high food prices, KIs also 61 - 80% in June, main reasons cited were lack of land attributed inadequate access to food to the 81 - 100% (100% of assessed settlements in Kapoeta inhibition of traditional livelihoods. Accordingly, Insufficient data Assessed settlement South County) and high market prices (60% 50% of settlements assessed in and around of assessed settlements in Kapoeta North Juba town reported that the lack of access to production for the first growing season, for source of livelihood, which was especially County). food was primarily due to the lack of land to Map based on Longitude (generated) and Latitude (generated) and Latitude (generated). For pane Latitude (generated): Color shows details about A.indicator color (yes/no bad). Details are shown for County and Month Month. For pane Latitude (generated) (2): Color shows details about A.Indicator which harvestvalue (ye s/notypically bad). Size shows Settlem ent beginsSize (Parameters). De tailsin are s howJune,n for Namecounty. Thewas data is filtere d on Month Month and State Label. The Month Month filter keeps June 2018. The State Label filter keeps Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria. The view is filtered on Latitude (generated), which keeps non-Null values only. reported in settlements located in agricultural cultivate. Casual labour was reported to be severely limited by continued armed clashes Market dependency for main staples was areas of Central Equatoria State, suggests the most prevalent livelihood activity among along the border, a dry spell and destruction still high in June, as the agro-pastoralists of that many households have looked for income assessed settlements of in June of crops by the fall armyworm. Moreover, the semi-arid areas of Eastern Equatoria generating activities in order to cope with (48%), and only 14% of assessed settlements 45% of assessed settlements reported that usually harvest only once a year, around increased market dependence during the lean reported that households were engaging in they lacked agricultural inputs in June, a large August. Access to market was reported to season. subsistence agriculture. proportion of which were concentrated in be especially poor in the rural areas of the Morobo and Kajo-Keji Counties. As a result, The most prevalent coping strategy reported in Greater Kapoeta area, which are isolated from The lack of adequate access to food led large proportions of the population of these the assessed settlements of southern Central major market supply routes and trade hubs households in many assessed settlements of areas reportedly relied almost entirely on wild Equatoria was sending family members to due to poor physical infrastructure. Only a the Juba metropolitan area to adopt very severe cassava during the period. refugee settlements in Uganda in order to few markets exist in Kapoeta, Narus, Lotien coping strategies in June, such as skipping access food assistance, more noticeably in and Riwoto towns, which are all located in the meals for entire days (38% of settlements While proximity to the Ugandan border settlements assessed in Kajo-Keji County. western portion of the Greater Kapoeta area. assessed in Juba County), or adults not eating appears to favour access to small markets and To access market commodities, residents of so that children can eat (24%). basic commodities for settlements in southern Greater Kapoeta area and the northern portion Central Equatoria, most assessed settlements Protection The settlements assessed in the Greater of typically have to send that reported physical access to markets in Kapoeta area fared comparatively better than members of their community to travel to the Following almost two years of intense localized that area in June also reported inadequate those in southern Central Equatoria in June, livestock market in Kapoeta town by foot with fighting characterized by unpredictable shifts access to food. This suggests that residents which is likely attributable to an increase in animals, a journey which can take up to two from one area to the next in most of Central of these areas lacked the income generating availability of livestock products. With the early weeks during the peak of the rainy season, Equatoria and parts of Eastern Equatoria, activities that would have allowed them to onset of rains in May, cattle keepers begun to and which is often impossible to undertake a large portion of the population living in the afford goods at the market. return to their settlements from remote grazing given the deterioration of road conditions assessed settlements appear wary that armed The high prevalence of casual labour as a areas. Contrary to southern Central Equatoria, following heavy rainfall. clashed could be re-ignited at any time. While

15. Ibid. 4 very few assessed settlements reported last case, most settlements reporting this Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Figure 4: Main NFI needs of IDPs in assessed that they never feel safe in June (5% of all protection concern as the primary concern Increased rainfall throughout the quarter settlements where IDPs were reported to be assessed settlements, mostly concentrated among men were located in urban areas in present, June 2018 raised the risk of incidence of waterborne in southern Central Equatoria), almost half and around the capital Juba, where violent diseases, and brought along the concern of a of assessed settlements (48%) reported that crime is rife.16 Blanket 28% potential re-emergence of cholera, which has most people felt safe only some of the time. Cooking pot Shelter been officially contained since February.17 As 26% In June, 13% of assessed settlements reported of the end of June, no new cholera cases had Mosquito net 12% In June 2018, the majority (61%) of assessed that there had been an incident of conflict that been confirmed in South Sudan. Moreover, settlements reported that most of the host Jerry can 7% assessed settlements of some parts of had either resulted in the death of a civilian community was living in tukuls, and an Central and Eastern Equatoria tend to report Other 7% or damaged property over the previous month. additional 23% reported that most people comparatively better access to improved Moreover, 19% of assessed settlements from the host community were living in water sources than the average in the country. been able to access their preferred water reported that incidents of looting had taken rakoobas, a structure typically less permanent In other parts of the region, however, such point because they feared for their safety place in their area over the previous month. than a tukul. Proportionally more assessed as the Greater Kapoeta area, lack of access during the month prior to data collection, Continued insecurity in parts of the Equatorias assessments reported that IDPs were living in to appropriate WASH infrastructure and with a concentration of such settlements in continue to affect perceptions of safety among more precarious structures such as rakoobas, persistent negative WASH behaviours leave both the extreme southern portion of Central a large part of the population. improvised shelters, tents or abandoned people vulnerable to waterborne diseases Equatoria (Kajo-Keji and Morobo Counties) The main protection concern reported by buildings (48% of assessed settlements where moving toward the late rainy season. and the Greater Kapoeta area, areas that are assessed settlements for both men and IDPs were reportedly present), suggesting affected by armed clashes and cattle raiding/ women in June was looting (21% and 19% of higher vulnerability to natural occurrences In June 2018, 84% of assessed settlements road robberies respectively. assessed settlements respectively). However, such as heavy rains or flooding and potentially reported the presence of at least one borehole, Regular use of latrines was reported to be among women this concern was immediately the need for NFIs such as plastic sheeting and among which 80% reported that at least one low in June across assessed settlements of followed by sexual violence (also 19%) and blankets. Incidently, blankets were reported as of the boreholes was functioning properly. Eastern Equatoria, with 28% of assessed domestic violence (11%) whereas among the top need in terms of non-food items (NFIs) Seventy-nine percent (79%) of assessed settlements reporting that no one uses latrines, men, the second and third most frequently among IDPs in assessed settlements where settlements reported that it took people on with a high concentration of those settlements cited primary concerns were harassment IDPs were reported to be preset. average between 30 minutes to an hour in the rural parts of the Greater Kapoeta area to reach the water point, collect water and to disclose information (16% of assessed Moreover, 18% of the assessed settlements – mostly Kapoeta East and Kapoeta North return home, yet another 18% of assessed settlements) and killing or injury by someone that reported an IDP presence also reported Counties. Conversely, only 8% of all assessed settlements reported that it took people from a different community (10%). In this that at least some IDPs living within their settlements reported that the whole population between an hour to half a day. Most of these settlement were sleeping in the open, which of the settlement was using latrines – all of Figure 3: Reported incidents during which settlements were in Morobo County and in typically is a consequence of sudden onset which were in Juba or Yei County. Among civilians were killed or property damaged, June areas peripheral to Juba town. the 92% of assessed settlements where at 2018 displacement or destruction of shelters. Shelter destruction was reported in 7% of In addition to distance from the nearest least some people were reported to not be 13% of assessed all settlements assessed by REACH in June, borehole, reliable access to clean water was using latrines, 50% reported that the main settlements reported most of which were in conflict-affected Lainya also reported to be impeded by a perception factor explaining this was the lack of latrine conflict-related and Yei County, where humanitarian access is of insecurity as 31% of settlements assessed infrastructures. In addition, 22% of those 11+89+A incidents limited. in June reported that some people had not assessed settlements reported that latrines 16. ACLED. Political Violence and Protest Data - South Sudan. Multi Hazard Early Warning System. February - May 2018. March - June 2018. 5 17. Republic of South Sudan (Relief and Rehabilitaton Commission and Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management). Figure 5: Access to a functioning borehole, June for a full day – all three cases suggest higher Figure 6: Proportion of assessed settlements be especially low among assessed settlements 2018 vulnerability among small children, elderly reporting primary health issues, June 2018. of Kapoeta North County (13%). The Greater 65% of assessed people and people with disabilities living in the Kapoeta area regularly reports low levels settlements reported 46+10+7 settlement and for those unable to walk long Malaria 46% of access to education. Very few assessed access to a settlements reported access to educational functioning borehole distances to access services. Typhoid 10% services in April and May as well. 67+33+A Among assessed settlements that reported Hepatitis 7% that health services were not accessible, Contrary to the past quarters, reported were not being used for cultural reasons, 41% reported that they never had health With the onset of the rainy season during the attendance rates were not much higher among suggesting that barriers to hygiene behaviours facilities within reach from their settlement second quarter of 2018, the most frequently boys than among girls in assessed settlements, go beyond the lack of physical infrastructure. to begin with and another 25% reported that cited primary health problem among assessed with 46% of assessed settlements reporting Health there were physical facilities available but settlements in June was malaria (46% of that over half of the boys were attending assessed settlements), followed by typhoid that medical personnel were not present. The school in June, 34% reporting the same for Sixty-five percent (65%) of the settlements (10%). Accordingly, malaria was also reported settlements that reported the lack of personnel girls and respectively 15% and 21% reporting assessed in June in Central and Eastern to be the main cause of the deaths that occurred that all boys or girls were attending school. In to be the main reason to explain lack of Equatoria States reported that health care within the month prior to data collection in assessed settlements that reported that some access to health services were concentrated services were accessible. Among those, 38% June, in 45% of assessed settlements. When children were not attending school in spite of in southern Central Equatoria. According reported that the nearest healthcare facilities asked to report which health care items were education services being accessible, the main to South Sudanese KIs living in refugee providing services were under a thirty minutes’ needed in their settlements, 82% of assessed reason provided to explain why children were settlements in Uganda, this trend is likely still walk. Nevertheless, a quarter (25%) of settlements reported that malaria drugs were out of school were fees for both boys (44% assessed settlements with access to services attributable to the displacement of the trained needed – malaria drugs remained by far the of assessed settlements) and girls (32% of reported that they had to travel between an medical personnel toward refugee settlements most needed health care item over the period. assessed settlements). For girls, the second hour to half a day, 6% reported having to travel in Uganda or displacement sites over the past The vast majority of assessed settlements reason most frequently cited by assessed for half a day and 2% reported having to travel few years. nonetheless reported that no particular settlements was the lack of school supplies Assessed settlements reporting on health: physical access to facilities providing services - June 2018 increase in mortality had taken place in their Map 6: Percentage of assessed settlements in Central and Eastern Equatoria States reporting 1 (13% of assessed settlements), whereas for Legend area21 - 40% within the previous month (86%), and adequate access to health care services, June 2018 61 - 80% those81 - 100% who did report an increase in mortality Figure 7: Reported proportion of 6-17 year old Insufficient data were0 concentrated in southern Central girls and 6-17 year old boys attending school in 1 Equatoria (Yei, Lainya Counties). This likely assessed settlements where education services are reported to be accessible, June 2018. 0% reflects that these two counties saw renewed 1 - 20% clashes and insecurity in the second half of the reporting period.

21 - 40% 0+31+15+34+21 41 - 60% Education 0% None 0% 13% 31% 61 - 80% Fifty-two percent (52%) of assessed Less than half 81 - 100% settlements reported that educational services 26% Half 15% Insufficient data were accessible from their settlement in June. 46% More than half 34% 15% 21% Assessed settlement Access to education services was reported to 15+46+26+13+0 All

6 Map based on Longitude (generated) and Latitude (generated) and Latitude (generated). For pane Latitude (generated): Color shows details about A.indicator color (yes/no good). Details are shown for County and Month Month. For pane Latitude (generated) (2): Color shows details about A.Indicator value (yes/no good). Size shows Settlement Size (Parameters). Details are shown for Namecounty. The data is filtered on Month Month and State Label. The Month Month filter keeps June 2018. The State Label filter keeps Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria. The view is filtered on Latitude (generated), which keeps non-Null values only. Assessed settlements reporting on education: availability of services - June 2018 Map 7: Percentage of assessed settlements in Central and Eastern Equatoria States reporting 1 Legend adequate access to education services, June 2018. 1 - 20% 41 - 60% 81 - 100% Insufficient data

0 1

0% 1 - 20% 21 - 40% 41 - 60% 61 - 80% 81 - 100% Insufficient data Assessed settlement boys, the second most cited reason was the will likely lead to insufficient cereal production

Map based on Longitude (generated) and Latitude (generated) and Latitude (generated). For pane Latitude (generated): Color shows details about A.indicator color (yes/no good). Details are shown for County and Month Month. For pane Latitude (generated) (2): Color shows details about need to supportA.Indicator v aluagriculturale (yes/no good). Size shows Settlem eworknt Size (Parame ter(15%).s). Details are shown for Namecounty. The data is filtinered o n Mtheonth Mon th aupcomingnd State Label. The Month Month filharvests.ter keeps June 2018. The State LaInbel filt er ktheeeps Cen tralcase Equatoria and E asoftern Eq uathetoria. The v iew is filtered on Latitude (generated), which keeps non-Null values only. Among the 46% settlements that reported latter, consecutive years of dry spells have that education services were not accessible discouraged agricultural activities and have from their settlement in June, the most cited put pressure on livestock herds as households reason was that facilities were never present are forced to sell numerous animals in order to to begin with (35% of assessed settlements) meet basic food consumption needs. followed by the absence of teachers (17%) Localized armed clashes and uncertainty About REACH and distance to the nearest education facility regarding armed group whereabouts continued REACH facilitates the development 18 providing services (15%). to make delivery of assistance especially of information tools and products that Conclusion challenging in various areas of Central and enhance the capacity of aid actors to Eastern Equatoria. Nevertheless, access make evidence-based decisions in Entering in their lean season, areas located to basic services such as education, health emergency, recovery and development in agricultural zones of Central and Eastern and clean water remained relatively constant contexts. All REACH activities are Equatoria States were found to be facing conducted through inter-agency aid over the second quarter of 2018. However, very serious obstacles limiting the ability of coordination mechanisms. households to access enough food. However, this could change over the next quarter as seasonal rains accumulate and make roads For more information, you can write access to food was found to be relatively better to our in-country office: southsudan@ less accessible. in pastoralist areas, where livestock products reach-initiative.org or to our global office: began to be available in June. Both States [email protected]. however remain vulnerable to food insecurity Visit www.reach-initiative.org and due to several years of cumulative shocks. In follow us @REACH_info. the case of the former, continued insecurity

18. 52% of assessed settlements reported that education services were accessible, 46% reported that the services were 7 not accessible, and 2% reported that they did not know whether services were accessible