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ATLAS of Oral Disease

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ATLAS of Oral Disease ATLAS of Oral Disease Nagato Natsume Guang-yan Yu Preface There are wide variety of oral diseases. Oral diseases treated with oral and maxillofacial surgery have a broad range of symptoms, which requires the doctors’ advanced knowledge, treatment techniques and experiences for accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment. This textbook, written by distinguished doctors in the field, provides the latest information necessary for such diagnosis and treatment. For the diagnosis, we have to evaluate the possible diseases corresponding to the observation with a cool-headed manner and careful decision. We believe that doctors should take care of patients as if the patients were members of their own family. It is one of the important aspects of these characteristic diseases that require the doctors to attend to the patients with tender care. On behalf of the authors, we hope this textbook is beneficial for the doctors in dentistry or stomatology, and also for the patients with various oral diseases all over the world. We express our gratitude for all persons involved in publishing this textbook. Particularly, Prof. S.M. Balaji, who advised in proofreading and editorial process, is acknowledged by editors. We are also grateful to Dr. Xia Hong, Dr. Kumiko Fujiwara and our secretaries, Ms. Rie Osakabe , and Ms. Xiao-jing Li for their supports. We thank them for all their efforts. This textbook was published under the patronage of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Results(Grant No. 266006). February 28, 2016 NAGATO NATSUME GUANG- YAN YU Aichi Gakuin University, Japan Peking University School of Stomatology, China 3 Contents Preface… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……3 1. Jaw Deformity 1-1 Mandibular protrusion (and/or maxillary deficiency)… …………………………………… ……9 1-2 Maxillary protrusion (and/or mandibular deficiency)… …………………………………… 12 1-3 Condylar hyperplasia………………………………………………………………………… 15 2. Infection 2-1 Dental caries and non-caries tooth tissue loss… …………………………………………… 19 a . Dental caries… ………………………………………………………………………… 19 b . Non-caries tooth tissue loss……………………………………………………………… 21 2-2 Periodontic infections………………………………………………………………………… 26 a . Pericoronitis… ………………………………………………………………………… 26 b . Periapical periodontitis… ……………………………………………………………… 27 2-3 Infection of jaw… …………………………………………………………………………… 29 a . Periostitis………………………………………………………………………………… 29 b . Osteomyelitis… ………………………………………………………………………… 30 2-4 Infection of soft tissue… …………………………………………………………………… 32 a . Cellulitis of the floor of the mouth……………………………………………………… 32 b . Lymphadenitis…………………………………………………………………………… 33 c . Maxillary sinusitis… …………………………………………………………………… 34 2-5 Specific inflammation… …………………………………………………………………… 37 a . Actinomycosis of Jaw…………………………………………………………………… 37 b . Tuberculosis… ………………………………………………………………………… 38 c . Syphilis… ……………………………………………………………………………… 40 2-6 Others………………………………………………………………………………………… 42 3. Trauma 3-1 Tooth trauma… ……………………………………………………………………………… 47 3-2 Trauma to the soft tissues… ………………………………………………………………… 52 a . Abrasions………………………………………………………………………………… 52 b . Contusions… …………………………………………………………………………… 53 c . Lacerations……………………………………………………………………………… 53 d . Avulsions………………………………………………………………………………… 54 e . Bites……………………………………………………………………………………… 55 f . Traumatic facial nerve injury…………………………………………………………… 56 4. Cysts 4-1 Odontogenic cysts… ………………………………………………………………………… 78 a . Radicular cysts… ……………………………………………………………………… 78 b . Follicular cyst (dentigerous cyst)… …………………………………………………… 80 4-2 Non-odontogenic cyst………………………………………………………………………… 82 a . Nasopalatine duct cyst…………………………………………………………………… 82 b . Globulomaxillary cyst…………………………………………………………………… 82 c . Nasoalveolar cyst (median palatine cyst)… …………………………………………… 83 4-3 Cystic lesion… ……………………………………………………………………………… 84 4-4 Soft tissue cysts……………………………………………………………………………… 85 a . Dermoid and epidermoid cysts… ……………………………………………………… 85 b . Throglossal duct cyst… ………………………………………………………………… 86 c . Others…………………………………………………………………………………… 88 c-1 Sebaceous cyst……………………………………………………………………… 88 c-2 Branchial cleft cysts………………………………………………………………… 88 c-3 Cysts of facial fissure… …………………………………………………………… 91 5. Tumor and Tumor-like lesions 5-1 Odontogenic tumor; benign tumors… ……………………………………………………… 95 a . Ameloblastoma… ……………………………………………………………………… 96 b . Squamous odontogenic tumor…………………………………………………………… 101 c . Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (Pindborg tumor)… ………………………… 102 d . Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor… …………………………………………………… 103 e . Keratocystic odontogenic tumor………………………………………………………… 104 4 f . Ameloblastic fibroma/fibrodentinoma/fibro-odontoma………………………………… 108 g . Odontoma, complex type/compound type……………………………………………… 109 h . Odontoameloblastoma…………………………………………………………………… 111 i . Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumore (Gorlin cyst)/ dentinogenic ghost cell tumor……111 j . Odontogenic fibroma… ………………………………………………………………… 113 k . Odontogenic myxoma/myxofibroma…………………………………………………… 113 l . Cementoblastoma… …………………………………………………………………… 114 m . Ossifying fibroma… …………………………………………………………………… 116 n . Fibrous dysplasia………………………………………………………………………… 117 o . Osseous dysplasia… …………………………………………………………………… 118 p . Central giant cell lesion… ……………………………………………………………… 119 q . Cherubism… …………………………………………………………………………… 119 r . Aneurysmal bone cyst…………………………………………………………………… 120 s . Simple bone cyst………………………………………………………………………… 121 5-2 Non-odontogenic tumor……………………………………………………………………… 123 a . Palilloma………………………………………………………………………………… 123 b . Fibroma and similar disorders…………………………………………………………… 124 c . Myxoma………………………………………………………………………………… 127 d . Lipoma… ……………………………………………………………………………… 128 e . Neurofibroma…………………………………………………………………………… 130 f . Hemangioma and lymphoma…………………………………………………………… 135 g . Osteoma… ……………………………………………………………………………… 140 5-3 Odontogenic carcinoma……………………………………………………………………… 142 a . Metastasizing (malignant) ameloblastoma……………………………………………… 142 b . Ameloblastic carcinoma………………………………………………………………… 142 c . Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma………………………………………… 144 5-4 Non-odontogenic malignant tumor………………………………………………………… 146 a . Squamous cell carcinoma… …………………………………………………………… 146 b . Kaposi’s sarcoma… …………………………………………………………………… 150 c . Fibrosarcoma… ………………………………………………………………………… 151 d . Osteosarcoma…………………………………………………………………………… 153 e . Malignant melanoma… ………………………………………………………………… 156 f . Wegener’s Granulomatosis……………………………………………………………… 158 g . Malignant lymphoma…………………………………………………………………… 160 6. Salivary Gland Diseases 6-1 Sialadenitis…………………………………………………………………………………… 167 a . Acute suppurative parotitis……………………………………………………………… 167 b . Chronic recurrent parotitis……………………………………………………………… 168 c . Chronic obstructive parotitis… ………………………………………………………… 169 6-2 Sialolithiasis and sialadenitis of submandibular gland… …………………………………… 171 6-3 Sjögren’s syndrome… ……………………………………………………………………… 173 6-4 Tumor-like lesions…………………………………………………………………………… 176 a . Mucocele………………………………………………………………………………… 176 b . Ranula…………………………………………………………………………………… 177 6-5 Salivary gland tumors………………………………………………………………………… 178 a . General consideration…………………………………………………………………… 178 b . Pleomorphic adenoma…………………………………………………………………… 187 c . Warthin tumor…………………………………………………………………………… 188 d . Mucoepidermoid carcinoma… ………………………………………………………… 190 e . Adenoid cystic carcinoma… …………………………………………………………… 191 7. TMDs (Temporomandibular Joint Diseases) 7-1 The anatomy structure and function of the temporomandibular joints……………………… 197 7-2 Congenital or developmental disorders of temporomandibular joint………………………… 199 a . Aplasia and hypoplasia… ……………………………………………………………… 199 b . Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum……………………………………………………… 200 c . Condylar hyperplasia… ………………………………………………………………… 202 7-3 Inflammatory diseases of temporomandibular joint… ……………………………………… 204 a . Septic arthristis of the temporomandibular joint………………………………………… 204 b . Rheumatoid arthritis of the temporomandibular joint…………………………………… 205 c . Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint… ……………………………………… 206 5 8. Diseases of Nerve a . Palsy of facial nerve (Bell’s palsy)……………………………………………………… 211 b . The other diseases of facial nerve… …………………………………………………… 215 9. Congenital Anomalies 9-1 Cleft lip and/or palate… …………………………………………………………………… 221 a . Pre-surgical treatment…………………………………………………………………… 223 b . Surgical treatment… …………………………………………………………………… 225 c . Bilateral cleft lip/nose repair after PNAM……………………………………………… 231 d . Palatoplasty……………………………………………………………………………… 231 9-2 Syndrome… ………………………………………………………………………………… 234 a . Treacher Collins syndrome……………………………………………………………… 234 b . Goldenhar syndrome… ………………………………………………………………… 235 10. Soft Tissue and Mucosal Disease 10-1 Labial lesions… …………………………………………………………………………… 239 a . Chronic cheilitis………………………………………………………………………… 239 b . Granulomatous cheilitis (GC)…………………………………………………………… 239 c . Angular stomatitis… …………………………………………………………………… 240 d . Hemangioma and vascular malformation of the lip… ………………………………… 241 10-2 Tongue lesions……………………………………………………………………………… 244 a . Median rhomboid glossitis……………………………………………………………… 244 b . Georaphic tongue… …………………………………………………………………… 245 c . Fissured tongue… ……………………………………………………………………… 246 d . Black hairy tongue……………………………………………………………………… 248 e . Tongue coating… ……………………………………………………………………… 249 f . Hemangioma and vascular malformations of the tongue… …………………………… 250 g . Hunter’s glossitis… …………………………………………………………………… 252 10-3 Potential malignant oral lesions… …………………………………………………………
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