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Summary of Shoreline Ecological Functions and Conditions in Snohomish County

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Summary of Shoreline Ecological Functions and Conditions in Snohomish County SUMMARY OF SHORELINE ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND CONDITIONS IN SNOHOMISH COUNTY FEBRUARY 2006 Snohomish County PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT SERVICES SUMMARY OF SHORELINE ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND CONDITIONS IN SNOHOMISH COUNTY TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE Table of Contents List of Maps List of Tables Section I: Introduction Project Description ...................................................................... I-1 Why Update the Shoreline Management Master Program? .................... I-1 Shoreline Inventory ..................................................................... I-2 Why Characterize Shoreline Ecological Functions? ............................... I-3 Regulatory Environment and Natural Resource Planning Efforts ............. I-3 Section II: Methodology Planning Segment Analysis Methodology ........................................... II-1 Methodology Used to Map Shoreline Jurisdiction ................................. II-2 Indicators .................................................................................. II-3 Relationship of Indicators to Ecological Functions ............................... II-3 Section III: Regional and Countywide Context Regional and Countywide Context ................................................... III-1 Population and Land Use .............................................................. III-1 Physiography ............................................................................. III-2 Shoreline Vegetation ..................................................................... III-4 Wetlands ................................................................................... III-6 Fish & Wildlife Habitat .................................................................. III-6 Alterations to Watershed Processes ................................................. III-10 Restoration Opportunities .............................................................. III-12 Shoreline Jurisdiction ................................................................... III-14 Section IV: Rivers and Streams Stillaguamish River Basin (WRIA 5) ............................................ IV-1 General Context...................................................................... IV-1 Public Access.......................................................................... IV-2 Shoreline Ecological Functions .................................................... IV-3 Basin Summary ....................................................................... IV-7 Snohomish River Basin (WRIA 7) ................................................ IV-9 General Context...................................................................... IV-9 i SUMMARY OF SHORELINE ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND CONDITIONS IN SNOHOMISH COUNTY Public Access.......................................................................... IV-11 Shoreline Ecological Functions .................................................... IV-11 Basin Summary ....................................................................... IV-16 Cedar-Sammamish River Basin (WRIA 8) .................................... IV-17 General Context...................................................................... IV-22 Public Access.......................................................................... IV-23 Shoreline Ecological Functions .................................................... IV-24 Basin Summary ....................................................................... IV-26 Skagit River Basin (WRIA 3 & 4) ................................................. IV-22 General Context...................................................................... IV-22 Floodplain.............................................................................. IV-23 Public Access.......................................................................... IV-23 Shoreline Ecological Functions .................................................... IV-24 Basin Summary ....................................................................... IV-26 Section V: Marine Shorelines...................................................... V-1 General Context........................................................................... V-1 Public Access .............................................................................. V-3 Shore Drift Patterns and Shoreline Conditions .................................... V-4 Shoreline Ecological Functions ......................................................... V-6 Marine Shoreline Summary............................................................. V-8 Section VI: Lake Shorelines ........................................................ VI-1 Background Documents ................................................................ VI-1 Context ..................................................................................... VI-1 Shoreline Ecological Functions ........................................................ VI-4 Lake Shoreline Summary ............................................................... VI-6 References Glossary and List of Acronyms Appendix A: List of Lakes in Shoreline Jurisdiction Appendix B: Predominant Soil Types in Shoreline Jurisdiction Appendix C: Methodology for Mapping Feeder Bluffs Appendix D: Shoreline Inventory Map CD-ROM Appendix E: Methodology to Determine Channel Migration Zone in Snohomish County Appendix F: Data Gaps Appendix G: Priority Species List for Region 4 ii SUMMARY OF SHORELINE ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND CONDITIONS IN SNOHOMISH COUNTY LIST OF MAPS Map No. Title 1A Shoreline Planning Segment Names – River and Marine 1B Shoreline Planning Segment Names – Lakes 2A, B General Reference – West and East County 3 Topography 4A, B Land cover 5 Erodible Geology 6 Clean Water Act 303d Listings Shoreline Jurisdiction and Shorelines of Statewide 7A, B Significance 8A, B Floodplain, Floodway and Channel Migration Zones 9A, B Existing Land Use 10A, B, C, D Freshwater Habitats 11 Total Forest Cover 12 Total Impervious Area 13A, B Shoreline Armoring –West and East County 14A, B Large Woody Debris – West and East County 15A, B Shoreline Vegetation – West and East County 16A, B, C Marine Shoreline Modifications 17 Critical Saltwater Habitats 18 Marine Shoreline Armoring and Feeder Bluffs 19A, B Lake Dock Density – West and East County 20 Soils iii SUMMARY OF SHORELINE ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND CONDITIONS IN SNOHOMISH COUNTY LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page II-1 Criteria for Segments ...............................................II-1 II-2 River Function Indicators ..........................................II-9 II-3 Lake Function Indicators ..........................................II-13 II-4 Marine Function Indicators .......................................II-15 County Parkland Providing Waterfront Access in IV-1 IV-2 the Stillaguamish River Basin …………………………… IV-2 Stillaguamish River Subbasins IV-3 Stillaguamish River Segments County Parkland Providing Public Access in the IV-4 Snohomish River Basin .............................................IV-11 IV-5 Snohomish River Subbasins IV-6 Snohomish River Segments County Parkland Providing Public Access in the IV-7 Cedar-Sammamish River Basin ................................IV-18 IV-8 Cedar-Sammamish River Subbasins IV-9 Cedar-Sammamish River Segments County Parkland Providing Public Access in the IV-10 Upper Skagit River Basin ..........................................IV-23 IV-11 Skagit River Subbasins IV-12 Skagit River Segments County Parkland Providing Public Access to Marine V-1 Shorelines ..............................................................V-4 V-2 Marine Shorelines Functions V-3 Marine Shoreline Segments VI-1 Snohomish County Lake Functions VI-2 Snohomish County Lake Segments iv Introduction 5 Summary of Shoreline Ecological Functions and Conditions in Snohomish County PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Shoreline Management Act (SMA) requires each jurisdiction, subject to the SMA, to adopt a Shoreline Master Program that regulates shoreline uses and modifications. Preference is given to uses and modifications that depend on a waterfront location, protect the natural functions and ecology of the shoreline, and promote public access to waters of the state. The Snohomish County Shoreline Management Master Program was originally adopted in 1974 and last updated in 1993. Snohomish County has received a grant from the Washington State Department of Ecology to prepare an update to its Shoreline Management Master Program (SMMP) consistent with the Shoreline Management Act Guidelines (WAC 173-26) adopted in December 2003. The SMMP is an element of the County’s Growth Management Act (GMA) comprehensive plan, which means that the goals and policies of the SMMP are also goals and policies of the Comprehensive Plan. This report is a summary of the analysis of shoreline conditions and ecological functions conducted as part of a comprehensive update to Snohomish County’s Shoreline Management Master Program. Requirements for the content of this report are found in Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-26-201(3)(d). The purpose of this report is to characterize existing shoreline conditions and to summarize the health of shoreline ecological functions. This report is organized first by water body type (river and streams, lakes and marine shorelines). Rivers and streams are further organized by watershed or water resource inventory area (WRIA). Finally, this report highlights management issues that should be addressed in the Shoreline Management Master Program, and serves as a baseline from which the County
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