Hydrogeology of Indian Coalfields Hydrogeology of Indian Coalfields Hydrogeology of Indian Coalfields
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HydrogeologyHydrogeology ofof IndianIndian CoalfieldsCoalfields AnandAnand MohanMohan CentralCentral MineMine PlanningPlanning && DesignDesign InstituteInstitute Ltd.Ltd. HydrogeologyHydrogeology ofof IndianIndian CoalfieldsCoalfields • Coal occurrences in India are mainly confined to present day river Valleys • Damodar Valley, • Son Mahanadi Valley, • Pench- Kanhan Valley, • Wardha Godavari Valley. • Bulk of coal reserves are confined to the south-eastern quadrant of the country in west Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand Orissa, Chhatisgarh and eastern Madhya Pradesh HydrogeologyHydrogeology ofof IndianIndian CoalfieldsCoalfields COALFIELDS IN INDIA 16 Delhi 2 6 5 4 3 1 10 11 14 kolkata 9 13 8 7 12 Mumbai 15 1. Ranigang coalfields 2. Rajmahal Group of coalfields 3. jharia Coalfield 4. East & Weat Bokaro Coalfileds 5. North & South Karanpura Coalfields 6. Singrauli Coalfields Chennai 7. Talcher Coalfields 8. Ib Valley Coalfields 9. Korba- Mand/Raigarh Coalfields 10. Sohagpur Coalfileds 11. Sonhat-Bshrampur Coalfileds 12. Wardha Valley Coalfield 13. kamptee Coalfields 14. pench- Kanhan-Tawa Valley Pathkhera Coalfields 15. Godawari Coalfields 16. Makum Coalfield PLATE - I CIL :COAL PRODUCING SUBSIDIARIES EASTERN COALFIELDS LTD. (1) 1 8 BHARAT COKING COAL LTD. (2) 5 4 3 CENTRAL COALFIELDS LTD. (3) NORTHERN COALFIELDS LTD. (4) WESTERN COALFIELDS LTD. (5) SOUTH EASTERN COALFIELDS LTD. (6) MAHANADI COALFIELDS LTD. (7) NORTH EASTERN COALFIELDS. (8) ( A UNIT UNDER CIL(HQ) ) 2 SINGARENI COLLIERIES CO. LTD (9) COAL 7 LIGNITE NEYVELI LIGNITE CORPORATION (10) 6 9 10 PLATE - II HydrogeologyHydrogeology ofof IndianIndian CoalfieldsCoalfields •• GroundGround WaterWater RegimeRegime ¾ Based on geology, occurrence of Ground water may be divided into different provinces ¾ Extra Peninsula, ¾ Peninsula and ¾ Indo-gangetic plain •• AquiferAquifer systemsystem ¾ the major Aquifer system of India based on different geological formation Hydrogeology of Indian Coalfields MAJOR AQUIFER SYSTEMS OF INDIA A L R A G A N B E I B A F N O T S A B E A LEGEND Aquifer systems Yield Potential(lps) Alluvium,extensive >40 Alluvium,& Sandstone, 10-40 discont, INDIAN OCEAN Limestone extensive 5-25 Crystalline rocks 1-40 baslt 1-25 Aquifer in hilly areas <1 PLATE - III Hydrogeology of Indian Coalfields COALFIELDS OF INDIA WITH MAJOR AQUIFER SYSTEMS 16 Delhi 2 6 5 4 3 1 10 11 14 kolkata 9 13 8 7 12 Mumbai 15 A R L A A G N B E I B A F N O T S A E B A 1. Ranigang coalfields Chennai LEGEND 2. Rajmahal Group of coalfields 3. jharia Coalfield Aquifer systems Yield Potential(lps) 4. East & Weat Bokaro Coalfileds 5. North & South Karanpura Alluvium,extensive >40 Coalfields 6. Singrauli Coalfields Alluvium,& Sandstone, 10-40 7. Talcher Coalfields discont, 8. Ib Valley Coalfields INDIAN OCEAN Limestone extensive 5-25 9. Korba- Mand/Raigarh Coalfields 10. Sohagpur Coalfileds Crystalline rocks 1-40 11. Sonhat-Bshrampur Coalfileds baslt 1-25 12. Wardha Valley Coalfield <1 13. kamptee Coalfields Aquifer in hilly areas 14. pench- Kanhan-Tawa Valley Pathkhera Coalfields 15. Godawari Coalfields 16. Makum Coalfield PLATE - IV HydrogeologyHydrogeology ofof IndianIndian CoalfieldsCoalfields Occurrence of Ground water 1. Hard rock/consolidated formations a) Volcanic rocks b) Carbonate rocks c) Non-carbonate non-volcanic crystalline rocks or Hard rock 2. Porous rock formations. a) Unconsolidated formation and b) Semi-consolidated formation. HydrogeologicalHydrogeological unitsunits inin IndianIndian CoalfieldsCoalfields 1.1. ConsolidatedConsolidated formationsformations Geological Age Formation States/hydroge ological character Jurassic/ Upper Rajmahal Traps, Basalts WB, Bihar,Jharkhand, cretaceous to Ecocene Deccan Traps & dolerites Maharastra.Well yield up to 5lps. K =0.1-15m/d Pre-cambrian Vindhyan Sst,Sh UP,Bihar,Jharkhand, ,lime stone Chhattisgarh. K =0.02-10m/d HydrogeologicalHydrogeological unitsunits inin IndianIndian CoalfieldsCoalfields 2.Semi2.Semi--consolidatedconsolidated formationsformations Geological Age Formation States/hydroge ological character Tertiary Shale,carb.sh Assam, UP, , coal, sst, J&K,Sikkim, pebble & Rajasthan, Gujarat, boulder bed TN,WB.Well yield up to 28lps. Upper Carboniferous Gondwana Sst,Shale, UP,Bihar,Jharkhand, to Jurrasic coal seams Chhattisgarh, Maharastra,Orissa, Gujarat, Rajasthan & TN. K =0.5-50m/d, well yield up to 14lps HydrogeologicalHydrogeological unitsunits inin IndianIndian CoalfieldsCoalfields 3.Un3.Un--consolidatedconsolidated formationsformations Geological Age Formation States/hydroge ological character Recent Alluvial Plains Clay,silt, Indo-Gangetic , ,gravel,sand, Brahmaputra & peat, coal & Godavari Alluvial organic Plains. K=10-100, well matter yield=5to 67 lps Confined and Unconfined aquifers Non flowing Water table well well Piezometric Flowing well surface Water table Unconfined or water table aquifer Confining bed Confined aquifer HydrogeologyHydrogeology ofof IndianIndian CoalfieldsCoalfields AA CaseCase StudyStudy Underground Coal Gasification Project Merta Road Rajasthan ¾ analysis of the hydrogeological data of the experimental site, the following conclusions were drawn – ¾ the hydrogeological conditions of the experimental site has changed considerably due to extensive water pumping resulting in drawdown in aquifer ‘A’ ( saturated thickness 4 m). ¾ No need of dewatering operation in Aquifer ‘A’ ¾ Aquifer ‘B’ below Lignite seam is multilayered thick system ¾ Advanced dewatering required for Aquifer ‘B’, HydrogeologyHydrogeology ofof IndianIndian CoalfieldsCoalfields AA CaseCase StudyStudy contdcontd……..…….. ¾ The hydraulic conductivity and storavity of Aquifer ‘B’ is 0.0008m/day & 0.002 respectively ¾ Environmental protection measures needed against water contamination HydrogeologyHydrogeology ofof IndianIndian CoalfieldsCoalfields •• GroundGround waterwater ModellingModelling ¾“ Modelling and control of water systems in coal Mining Environment “ done for Wardha Valley Coalfield. ¾ Hydraulic demarcation between Kamthis & Barakars intermingled ¾Depletion of groundwater effect is confined to 500-1000m down dip ¾ In UG mine depletion is insignificant. 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