Moscow Москва Constructed the First Kremlin at a Strategic Spend One Day Seeing What Makes Mos- Spot Atop the Borovitsky Hill
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© Lonely Planet Publications 98 www.lonelyplanet.com MOSCOW •• History 99 HISTORY MOSCOW IN... Moscow’s recorded history dates to the mid-12th century, when Yury Dolgoruky Two Days Moscow Москва constructed the first Kremlin at a strategic Spend one day seeing what makes Mos- spot atop the Borovitsky Hill. Moscow blos- cow famous: St Basil’s Cathedral ( p109 ), somed into an economic centre. Lenin’s Tomb ( p108 ) and the Kremlin In the 13th century, the Mongols burned ( p104 ). Allow a few hours in the afternoon the city to the ground. The Golden Horde to gawk at the gold and gems in the Ar- Sunlight glinting off gold-domed churches. Scantily clad women emerging from sleek, black was interested in tribute, and Moscow was moury ( p107 ). Art lovers should spend their cars. Uniformed military marching across the vast expanse of Red Sq. This is Moscow – the conveniently situated to monitor the river second day at either the Pushkin Museum political, economic and cultural capital that defines this massive nation. trade and road traffic. Moscow’s Prince of Fine Arts ( p109 ) or the Tretyakov Gal- Ivan acted as tax collector, earning him- lery ( p110 ), both world-class art museums. Russia’s medieval roots are here: the Kremlin still shows off the splendour of Muscovy’s self the moniker ‘Moneybags’ (Kalita), and Afterwards, spend some time exploring the MOSCOW grand princes; St Basil’s Cathedral recounts the defeat of the Tatars. Yet this place also Moscow developed into a regional capital. surrounding neighbourhoods. Towards the end of the 15th century, recalls Russia’s more recent history, still fresh in our memories. On Red Sq, the founder the once diminutive duchy emerged as an Four Days MOSCOW of the Soviet state lies embalmed. And only a few kilometres away, his heir, Boris Yeltsin, expanding state under the reign of Grand Take in all of the activities suggested in heroically defied the army – leading to the demise of that same state. Prince Ivan III (the Great). To celebrate his the two-day itinerary. On the third day, visit successes, he imported a team of Italian Novodevichy Convent ( p111 ), where so Moscow has always been known for the diversity of its population and the richness of artisans for a complete renovation of the many scenes from Russian history have its culture. Today, more than ever, visitors and residents alike can enjoy events ranging Kremlin. The city developed in concentric been played out. Finally, hit the money ma- from the classic to the progressive. Whether a Tchaikovsky opera or an Ostrovsky drama, rings outward from this centre. Under Ivan chine and head to Izmaylovo market ( p119 ) IV (the Terrible), the city earned the nick- classical performing arts in Moscow are among the best – and cheapest – in the Western for some serious souvenir shopping. name of ‘Gold-Domed Moscow’ because of world. The Tretyakov Gallery and Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts house internationally famous its multitude of monastery fortresses and One Week collections of Russian and impressionist art. magnificent churches. Take in all of the activities suggested in the In 1712 Peter the Great startled the coun- four-day itinerary. Then, plan an excursion Of course, New Russia comes with new forms of art and entertainment. The bohemian try by announcing the relocation of the to the Golden Ring, visiting Rostov-Veliky side of Moscow – be it a beatnik band at an underground club, or an avant-garde exhibit at capital to St Petersburg. In the early 1800s, ( p124 ) and Sergiev Posad ( p123 ). the Central House of Artists – provides a glimpse of Russia’s future. Sometimes intellectual Moscow suffered further at the hands of and inspiring, sometimes debauched and depraved, it is always eye-opening. Napoleon Bonaparte. But after the Napo- leonic Wars, Moscow was feverishly rebuilt ORIENTATION and industry prospered. Picture Moscow as five ring roads that When the Bolsheviks gained control of spread out from the centre: the Inner Ring Russia in 1917, the capital returned to Mos- Road, about 500m north of the Kremlin; the HIGHLIGHTS cow. Stalin devised an urban plan for the dual-carriageway Boulevard Ring (Bulvar- Be awestruck by the endless array of city: historic cathedrals and monuments noe Koltso), about 1km from the Kremlin; jewels and weapons at the Kremlin were demolished; in their place appeared the busy Garden Ring (Sadovoe Koltso), Armoury ( p107 ) the marble-bedecked metro and neo-Gothic 2km out; the high-speed, eight-lane Third skyscrapers. In the following decades, Mos- Ring (Tretoe Koltso), about 4.5km from the Marvel at the artistry of the Moscow Izmaylovo Market cow expanded at an exponential rate. Kremlin; and the Outer Ring Road, also metro ( p122 ) Café Pushkin Moscow was the scene of the most dra- called MKAD, a highway that forms the city Sip a cappuccino at the Café Moscow Kremlin matic events of the early 1990s’ political limits about 15km from the Kremlin. Pushkin ( p116 ) Metro transition. Boris Yeltsin led crowds protest- Radial roads spoke out across the rings, Novodevichy Bargain for trash and treasure at Cemetery ing the attempted coup in 1991; and two and the Moscow River meanders across Izmaylovo market ( p119 ) years later, he ordered the army to blast everything from northwest to southeast. the parliament into submission. Within the The Kremlin, a north-pointing triangle with Pay your respects at Novodevichy Moscow city government, the election of 750m sides, is at Moscow’s heart in every Cemetery ( p111 ) Mayor Yury Luzhkov in 1992 set the stage way. Red Sq lies along its eastern side while for the creation of a big-city boss: his inter- the Moscow River flows to the south. ests range from the media to manufacturing About 2.8km northeast of the Kremlin and from five-star hotels to shopping malls. is Komsomolskaya pl, Moscow’s transpor- While the rest of Russia struggled to sur- tation hub. Three bustling train stations TELEPHONE CODE: 495 POPULATION: 10.4 MILLION vive the collapse of communism, Moscow dominate this square, including Yaro- emerged as an enclave of affluence. slavsky vokzal (Yaroslavl Station), the most 100 MOSCOW •• Information www.lonelyplanet.com www.lonelyplanet.com MOSCOW •• Danger & Annoyances 101 important of Moscow’s nine train stations NetCity Kamergersky per (Map pp102-3 ; %292 0111; (Map pp102-3 ; ul Tverskaya 25; mTverskaya or Mayakov- Tourist Information for Trans-Siberian travellers. Next door is Kamer gersky per 6; per hr R60; h10am-11pm; mTeat- skaya) A chain of 24-hour pharmacies. Moscow has no tourist information cen- Leningradsky vokzal (Leningrad Station), ralnaya); Paveletskaya pl (%969 2125; Paveletskaya pl 2/1; American Medical Center (Map pp102-3 ; %933 tre, but plenty of information is available for services to and from St Petersburg, while per hr R60; h9.30am-midnight; mPaveletskaya) Work 7700; www.amcenters.com; Grokholsky per 1; h24hr; at hostels and upscale hotels, as well as across the road is Kazansky vokzal (Kazan stations offer form more than function, but are sufficient mProspekt Mira) Offers 24-hour emergency service, through travel agencies. Station), the terminus for some trains from to surf the Net. consultations and a full range of specialists, including the Urals including the main service from NetLand (Map pp102-3 ; %781 0923; Teatralny pro 5; paediatricians and dentists. Has an on-site pharmacy with Travel Agencies Yekaterinburg. per hr R40-60; h24hr; mKuznetsky most or Lubyanka) English-speaking staff. G&R International (%378 0001; www.hostels.ru; If you’re arriving in Moscow on trains A loud, dark club that fills up with kids playing games. Botkin Hospital (Map pp102-3 ; %237 8338, 945 7533; ul Zelenodolskaya 3/2, 5th fl; h24hr; mRyazansky from Western and Eastern Europe your Phlegmatic Dog (Map p106 ; %995 9545; Okhotny 2-y Botkinsky pro 5; mBegovaya) The best Russian facility. Prospekt) Organises itineraries, providing visa support likely entry points will be Belorussky vokzal Ryad, ground level; Internet access free; h10am-1am; European Medical Center (Map pp102-3 ; %933 and selling transport tickets. (Belarus Station), 2.8km northwest of the mOkhotny Ryad) Recently voted ‘most stylish’ Internet 6655; www.emcmos.ru; Spirdonevsky per 5; h24hr; Infinity Travel (%234 6555; www.infinity.ru; Kom- Kremlin, or Kievsky vokzal (Kyiv Station), café in the world by Yahoo! Mail. Free Internet access with mMayakovskaya or Tverskaya) Includes medical and somolsky pr 13; h9am-9pm Mon-Fri, 11am-3pm Sat MOSCOW 2.4km to the west. the purchase of food or drink. dental facilities, which are open around the clock for & noon-4pm Sun; mPark Kultury) Affiliated with the Time Online Okhotny Ryad (Map p106 ; %363 0060; emergencies. The staff speaks 10 different languages. Travellers Guest House, this on-the-ball travel company Maps per hr R65-75; h24hr; mOkhotny Ryad); Belorusskaya offers rail and air tickets, visa support and trans-Siberian MOSCOW An excellent map store, Atlas (Map pp102-3 ; (Map pp102-3 ; %363 0060; Bolshaya Kondratevsky Money and Central Asian packages. %928 6109; Kuznetsky most 9; h9am-8pm Mon-Fri, per 7; per hr R65-75; h24hr; mBelorusskaya) Banks, exchange counters and ATMs are 10am-6pm Sat, 11am-5pm Sun; mKuznetsky Most) Offers copy and photo services, as well as over 200 zippy ubiquitous in Moscow. Credit cards, es- DANGERS & ANNOYANCES stocks city and regional maps covering the computers or free wi-fi access. pecially Visa and MasterCard, are widely Unfortunately, street crime targeting tour- whole country. accepted in upscale hotels, restaurants and ists has increased in recent years, although Internet Resources stores. Moscow is not as dangerous as paranoid INFORMATION http://eng.menu.ru A comprehensive list of Moscow Alfa-Bank (h8.30am-8pm Mon-Sat) Arbat (Map locals may have you think.