The Antarctic Dive Guide

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© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. 1 ELEPHANT ISLAND, POINT WILD Elephant Island is the easternmost outlier of the South Shetland Islands. It was discovered and chartered by Edward Bransfield, RN in 1820, and was named for the many Southern Elephant Seals found there. Most notably this is the first terra firma Shackleton and the men of his Endurance expedition landed upon after escaping the ice. Point Wild was named for Depth: Frank Wild, the leader of the 22 men who were stranded here Up to 18 m for 135 days while Shackleton made a desperate attempt to find help. Thankfully, on 30 August 1916 the men on Elephant Ice: Brash Ice can be a factor Island were rescued after a two-year battle of survival against to be contended with, the Southern Ocean. as the nearby glacier is very active . There CONDITIONS also may be bergy bits Elephant Island is fully exposed to the Southern ocean and all grounded or floating its forces, and Point Wild offers little reprieve from a constant about Point Wild, battering of surge from the North. This surge can make diving preventing or making access to the dive site difficult and very dangerous. difficult . It is not uncommon for divers at this site to lose spatial bearings, reach an undesired depth, or abort the dive because What you might see: of a combination of adverse conditions. The dive should TOP 7 M: Sea stars only be attempted in relatively calm conditions, which Limpets unfortunately are rare around the island. Algae Due to surge, it is necessary to hug the wall upon descent and ascent. The upper 3 m of the wall are often scoured by BELOW 7 M: Sea stars brash ice and bergy bits which have broken off of the nearby Tunicates glacier, or grounded icebergs trapped around the island. Anemones However, below 7 m a good variety of life is present. Algae Sea spiders Notothenids Point Wild, Elephant Island For general queries, contact [email protected] 60 BLFR3 BOOK.indd 60 02/10/2014 20:35 © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. Cape 61° 10’S 55° 14’W Yelcho Cape Point Cape Belsham Wild Lindsey Cape Valentine Sultan Glacier Walker Point Endurance Glacier N N Cape Lookout Point Wild LEFT: Undescribed anemone (top); Encrusting sponge (middle); undescribed anemone (bottom) . RIGHT: Heavily encrusted portion of Point Wild wall (top); Sea spider (Pycnogona) (bottom) . For general queries, contact [email protected] 61 BLFR3 BOOK.indd 61 02/10/2014 20:35.

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Thesis Template
Thinking with photographs at the margins of Antarctic exploration A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Canterbury by Kerry McCarthy University of Canterbury 2010 Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................... 2 List of Figures and Tables ............................................................................................ 5 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................... 6 Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 7 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Thinking with photographs ....................................................................... 10 1.2 The margins ............................................................................................... 14 1.3 Antarctic exploration ................................................................................. 16 1.4 The researcher ........................................................................................... 20 1.5 Overview ................................................................................................... 22 2 An unauthorised genealogy of thinking with photographs .............................. 27 2.1 The
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Shackleton Dates AUGUST 8th 1914 The team leave the UK on the ship, Endurance. DEC 5th 1914 They arrive at the edge of the Antarctic pack ice, in the Weddell Sea. JAN 18th 1915 Endurance becomes frozen in the pack ice. OCT 27TH 1915 Endurance is crushed in the ice after drifting for 9 months. Ship is abandoned and crew start to live on the pack ice. NOV 1915 Endurance sinks; men start to set up a camp on the ice. DEC 1915 The pack ice drifts slowly north; Patience camp is set up. MARCH 23rd 2016 They see land for the first time – 139 days have passed; the land can’t be reached though. APRIL 9th 2016 The pack ice starts to crack so the crew take to the lifeboats. APRIL 15th 1916 The 3 crews arrive on ELEPHANT ISLAND where they set up camp. APRIL 24th 1916 5 members of the team, including Shackleton, leave in the lifeboat James Caird, on an 800 mile journey to South Georgia, for help. MAY 10TH 1916 The James Caird crew arrive in the south of South Georgia. MAY 19TH -20TH Shackleton, Crean and Worsley walk across South Georgis to the whaling station at Stromness. MAY 23RD 1916 All the men on Elephant Island are safe; Shackleton starts on his first attempt at a rescue from South Georgia but ice prevents him. AUGUST 25th Shackleton leaves on his 4th attempt, on the Chilian tug boat Yelcho; he arrives on Elephant Island on August 30th and rescues all his crew. MAY 1917 All return to England.
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On 8 August 1914, Ernest Shackleton and His Brave Crew Set out to Cross the Vast South Polar Continent, Antarctica
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