Bringing the Farthest Behind Forward: Shining a Light on Displaced Populations
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strict embargo until 11 May 2016, 0:01 CEST Bringing the farthest behind forward: shining a light on displaced populations OHCHR Expert Mee-ng on Climate Change and Human Rights, 6-7 October 2016, Geneva Michelle Yonetani Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) Average of 21.5M displacements/year Under strictof people by impact of weather-related hazards embargo until 11 May 2016, 0:01 CEST Figure 1.10: Annual new displacements, 2008 to 2015, by hazard category Weather-related (average 21.5 million per year) 45 Geophysical (average 3.9 million per year) Millions 40 31.1 (15%) 35 Total: 2008-2015 30 172.3 (85%) 25 20 20.8 38.3 15 31.7 20.3 14.7 10 17.4 15.8 15.3 13.9 5 4 4.5 1.8 1.7 0 1.5 1.1 0.7 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 respectively, the majority of the latter in West Exposure to weather extremes Bengal, Odisha and Manipur states (see figure 1.11). Eight of the ten largest displacements of Disasters triggered by weather-related hazards the year in relative terms were also caused by tend to displace far more people than those weather-related disasters, with cyclone Pam’s brought on by geophysical hazards. They impacts on Tuvalu and Vanuatu topping the list. accounted for almost three times as much displacement in 2015, forcing 14.7 million people Displacement associated with weather hazards to flee their homes compared with 4.5 million for was lower in 2015 than the annual average level geophysical disasters (see figure 1.10). of 21.5 million people for the period since 2008, despite the onset of the natural global weather The same pattern was also seen in the size of phenomenon known as El Niño (see spotlight). displacements in 2015. Disasters triggered by weather-related hazards caused seven of the ten During the short rainy season in equatorial east largest events, both in absolute terms and rela- Africa from October to December, local weather tive to the populations of the countries in ques- systems and sea surface temperature patterns in tion. The main exception was Nepal, where the the Indian Ocean also played an important role in April and May earthquakes together caused the 2015. Most of Kenya received higher than average largest displacement of the year associated with rains, which caused localised flooding and mud a disaster (see figure 1.11). and landslides. More than 240,000 people were affected, infrastructure was damaged, livestock Within the category of weather-related hazards, lost and cholera spread across at least 21 coun- floods and storms led to the vast majority of ties. Around 103,500 people were displaced, displacements. Disasters brought on by floods according to the Kenya Red Cross Society. forced 8.3 million people to flee their homes, and storms 6.3 million. Around 87,000 people were That said, the scale of displacement was signifi- displaced by wildfires (see figure 1.12). cantly lower than expected and the rains bene- fitted arid and semi-arid parts of the country, There were no mega-scale weather-related helping crop development, livestock productivity, events, defined here as those which cause more the replenishment of water sources and the than three million displacements, but flooding recovery of rangeland in pastoral areas. in the southern Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh caused 1.8 million displace- Some of the strongest El Niño effects are on ments. Cyclone Komen and monsoon floods rainfall deficit and agricultural drought, whose triggered disasters in both Myanmar and India, indirect impact on displacement is not captured causing 1.6 million and 1.2 million displacements in our global statistics (see part 3 of this report). 20 GRID 2016 DISPLACEMENT BY DROUGHT-RELATED DISASTERS: MORE THAN 280,000 PEOPLE INTERNALLY DISPLACED IN ETHIOPIA BETWEEN AUG ’15 AND FEB ‘16. COMPLEX, MULTI-CAUSAL AND DELAYED IMPACTS. § Over a million people displaced in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico § Many people fleeing criminal violence fall through the cracks and do not receive adequate protecPon Understanding patterns & trends: Cumulative impacts of chronic displacement Number of times affected by events* Top 3 largest events in China Number of IDPs 0 4 - 6 Typhoon Rammasun, July 628,000 1 - 3 8 - 9 Inland storm, May 447,000 Heilongjiang Monsoon floods, July 403,000 * Events that displaced >50,000 people See annex B for all events that displaced >100,000 people Jilin Xinjiang Liaoning Inner Mongolia Displacement events by type of hazard in the top 4 most frequently-hit provinces YUNNAN GUIZHOU GUANGXI GUANGDONG 13% 11% 38% 38% 25% 33% 56% 43% 57% 63% Shandong 25% Earthquakes Storms Floods Jiangsu Gansu Henan Shaanxi Anhui Shanghai Hubei Tibet T . S Zhejiang . Sichuan F Chongqing u n g W o n Hunan Jiangxi g , Ludian 2 earth- 2 quake Guizhou S Fujian e p t Typhoon Matmo Guangdong Yunnan Guangxi Category 1, 23 July Typhoon Rammasun Category Hainan Typhoon Kalmaegi Disclaimer: 18 The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on July 5 Category 1, 16 Sept this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IDMC. Understanding patterns & trends: Prolonged & protracted displacement Michelle Yonetani [email protected] www.internal-displacement.org @idmc_geneva @m_yonetani .