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Hedychium Mechukanum (Zingiberaceae), a New Species from the Eastern Himalayas, India

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Hedychium Mechukanum (Zingiberaceae), a New Species from the Eastern Himalayas, India Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 72(2): 291–297. 2020 291 doi: 10.26492/gbs72(2).2020-12 Hedychium mechukanum (Zingiberaceae), a new species from the eastern Himalayas, India M. Sabu & V.S. Hareesh Malabar Botanical Garden and Institute for Plant Sciences, Olavanna, Kozhikode - 673 014, Kerala, India [email protected] ABSTRACT. The new species Hedychium mechukanum M.Sabu & Hareesh is described from Arunachal Pradesh, India. It shows similarities to Hedychium urophyllum G.Lodd., H. coronarium J.Koenig, H. flavum Roxb. and H. chrysoleucum Hook. from Northeast India, and to H. qingchengense Z.Y.Zhu from China. A detailed description along with colour photographs are provided for ease of identification. Keywords. Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India, Quing, Zingiberales Introduction The genus Hedychium J.Koenig, established in 1783 based on the species H. coronarium J.Koenig and which is mainly distributed in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate regions, is regarded as one of the most diverse in the family (Sirirugsa & Larsen, 1995; Newman et al., 2004; Newman et al. (2005–); Tanaka et al., 2016; Ding et al., 2018). Many species have potential ornamental value. They are commonly known under the names “ginger lily” or “butterfly lily”, due to the presence of beautiful and fragrant flowers. The genus has about 80 taxa of which 44 taxa are in India, mainly distributed in the Western Ghats and Northeast India (Sanoj, 2011). Recently, five new taxa have been published from different regions of India (Sanoj et al., 2010; Sanoj & Sabu, 2011; Thomas et al., 2015; Odyuo & Roy, 2017; Ashokan & Gowda, 2019). In this article, another new species of Hedychium from Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast India, with the largest flowers of anyHedychium spp. in this region, is described. This species has large showy flowers with a pleasant fragrance and could be introduced as an ornamental plant. Materials and methods During recent floristic expeditions in the eastern Himalayas, from Quing and Tato, near Mechuka valley, Shi-Yomi district, Arunachal Pradesh, we observed a large, white-flowered Hedychium with a yellow patch at the centre of the labellum. Morphological and phenological information was noted in the field, herbarium and spirit samples were collected for taxonomic studies, and rhizomes were collected for Gard. Bull. Singapore 72(2) 2020 coronarium the unknown taxon was found to be similar to was foundtobe similar unknown taxon the 2017;Dingetal.,2018), Odyuo & Roy, Sanoj&Sabu,2011; al., 2010;Sanoj,2011; Sanoj et 2000; &Larsen, Wu 1995; & Larsen, Sirirugsa Panigrahi, 1961; & Naik 1892; (Baker, literature study oftherelevant After critical conservation. germplasm 292 robust. slightlyaromatic. pale pinkexternally, internally, rhizomatous herbs. perennial Terrestrial 158761 Hareesh & V.S. 2019, 1450 m,19 September Along towardsMechuka, from Quing, 130km District, Arunachal Pradesh,Shi-Yomi TYPE: India, 1).– Table longer stamens(see and tube, corolla glabrous internally calyx, towards thebase, glabrous yellow-tinged from the latter in having glabrous flowers,ligules, labellumlarger which is white and similar to The newspeciesismorphologically Hedychium mechukanum (Fig. 1). Pradesh Arunachal new taxonin the of distribution the to show map distribution a and 1.Hence,itisdescribedhereasanewspeciesalongwithcolourphotographs Table to translucent, membranous, truncate at apex, cincinnus 5-flowered. margin glaucous; slightly glabrous, base, towards the white and above green pale erect. membranous, translucent,pinktinged. undulate, margin beneath; green above, pale green on bothsides, dark glabrous base, stem, pink; appressed to the closely papery, at apex,glabrous,membranous,translucent, notched pink; margins or glaucous, glabrous translucent, membranous, cm wide, 1–1.5 long; sheath mm 4–7 base, erect, slightly reflexed, slightly notched at apex. towards tinged yellow white, spathulate, long, 1.8–2.2cmlong towardsmiddle, cm lobes3.8–4.2×c.0.3cm, obtuseatapex. at apex;lateral long beak 4.8–5.3 ×0.4–0.5cm,c. 0.5mm dorsal lobe coiled; glabrous, slightly tube, and internally. externally towards base,glabrousboth white yellow, mouth, pale at 5 mm wide c. long, split uptoc. corolla tube,unilaterally appressed to closely glabrous,membranous,translucent, yellow, wide atmouth,pale many flowers open at a time, ascending, fragrant. flower. to appressed closely to white,glabrous, green tip obtuse, pale translucent, membranous, ovate, 2–2.5 cm, H . qingchengense Bracts Leaves , lamina 6–7 × 3–3.5 cm, broadly-ovate, imbricate, closely appressed to flower, H. flavum 12–18 in number, 4–8 cm apart, spreading, sessile or petiolate; or petiolate; spreading, sessile apart, 4–8cm number, 12–18 in Corolla lobes ligule 50–80 × 10–14 cm, elliptic, caudate-acuminate at apex,obtuse caudate-acuminate 50–80×10–14cm,elliptic, Z.Y.Zhu fromChina, Z.Y.Zhu 1–1.2 × c. 1.5 cm, ovate, single-lobed, truncate or slightly truncate 1–1.2×c.1.5cm,ovate,single-lobed, Roxb. (holotype MBGH;isotypeCAL).(Fig.2). M.Sabu &Hareesh, Flower linear, pale yellow, membranous, droopingfromcorolla membranous, paleyellow, linear, and H.chrysoleucum 16.5–18 cmlong,whitewithdeepyellowstamen, Taxonomy 0.5 cm,3-toothedattip. Inflorescence but differs in the attributes summarised in summarised intheattributes but differs Rhizome sp. nov. Hedychium urophyllum urophyllum Hedychium Hedychium Hedychium urophyllum Hook. from Northeast India, and India, Hook.fromNortheast Calyx Leafy shoot 5–7cmwide,creamywhite 13–18 cm long, elliptic, dense, 13–18cmlong,elliptic, Labellum 3.5–4 cm long, c. 2.5mm 3.5–4cm Lateral staminodes Corolla tube 1–2mhigh,erect, Bracteoles 7–7.5 × 6.5–7 cm, × 6.5–7 7–7.5 G.Lodd., but differs butdiffers 8.5–9cm M. Sabu 3.5–5 × petiole 6–6.5 H . Table 1. Diagnostic morphological differences for Hedychium mechukanum sp. nov., H. urophyllum, H. coronarium, H. chrysoleucum, H. qinchengense and H. flavum. The characters of all taxa are based on fresh collections except for Hedychium qingchengense, which are taken from Wu & Larsen (2000). Characters H. mechukanum H. urophyllum H. coronarium H. chrysoleucum H. qingchengense H. flavum Ligule Glabrous Pubescent externally Pubescent externally Margin ciliate, Villous Sericeous sericeous externally Bract Apex truncate, Apex obtuse, Apex obtuse Apex obtuse Apex oblong, Apex acute, sparsely glaucous, coriaceous, dark green villous rounded pale green Flower length 16.5–18 cm 11.8–12.1 cm 13.8–14.7 cm 13.8–14.5 cm 11–12.3 cm 12.5–13 cm Calyx apex Glabrous Pubescent Pubescent Puberulent on upper Densely villous Densely pubescent half Corolla tube Glabrous Pubescent Glabrous Hairy internally Not known Glabrous internal vestiture Lateral 6–6.5 cm long, 1.8– 5.3–4.1 cm long, 4.7–5.6 cm long, 4.2–4.4 cm long, 3–3.5 cm long, 8– 3.9–4.1 cm long, staminodes 2.2 cm wide 0.8–1.2 cm wide 2.4–3.4 cm wide 1.8–2.1 cm wide 10 cm wide 1.4–1.5 cm wide Labellum White, yellow Deep yellow, White to pale yellow Golden yellow patch White with an Sulphur yellow tinged towards 3.5–3.6 × 4.4–4.6 cm tinge at centre, at centre and base, orange spot at with deep yellow base, 5–5.4 × 5.2–6.2 cm 4.2–4.4 × 4.2–4.4 cm centre, blotch at centre, 7–7.5 × 6.5–7 cm 3–3.5 × 2–2.5 cm 3.8–4 × 3.3–3.6 cm Length of stamen 5.8–6.5 cm 3.3–3.6 cm 4.2–4.7 cm 5.4–5.5 cm 4.5–5 cm 4.3–4.5 cm Length of 4–4.2 cm 2.5–3 cm 3.2–3.6 cm 4.2–4.3 cm 3–3.5 cm 3.3–3.4 cm filament A new Hedychium from India Table 1. Diagnostic morphological differences for Hedychium mechukanum sp. nov., H. urophyllum, H. coronarium, H. chrysoleucum, H. qinchengense and H. flavum. The characters of all taxa are based on fresh collections except for Hedychium qingchengense, which are taken from Wu & Larsen (2000). Characters H. mechukanum H. urophyllum H. coronarium H. chrysoleucum H. qingchengense H. flavum Ligule Glabrous Pubescent externally Pubescent externally Margin ciliate, Villous Sericeous sericeous externally Bract Apex truncate, Apex obtuse, Apex obtuse Apex obtuse Apex oblong, Apex acute, sparsely glaucous, coriaceous, dark green villous rounded pale green Flower length 16.5–18 cm 11.8–12.1 cm 13.8–14.7 cm 13.8–14.5 cm 11–12.3 cm 12.5–13 cm Calyx apex Glabrous Pubescent Pubescent Puberulent on upper Densely villous Densely pubescent half Corolla tube Glabrous Pubescent Glabrous Hairy internally Not known Glabrous internal vestiture Lateral 6–6.5 cm long, 1.8– 5.3–4.1 cm long, 4.7–5.6 cm long, 4.2–4.4 cm long, 3–3.5 cm long, 8– 3.9–4.1 cm long, staminodes 2.2 cm wide 0.8–1.2 cm wide 2.4–3.4 cm wide 1.8–2.1 cm wide 10 cm wide 1.4–1.5 cm wide Labellum White, yellow Deep yellow, White to pale yellow Golden yellow patch White with an Sulphur yellow tinged towards 3.5–3.6 × 4.4–4.6 cm tinge at centre, at centre and base, orange spot at with deep yellow base, 5–5.4 × 5.2–6.2 cm 4.2–4.4 × 4.2–4.4 cm centre, blotch at centre, 7–7.5 × 6.5–7 cm 3–3.5 × 2–2.5 cm 3.8–4 × 3.3–3.6 cm Length of stamen 5.8–6.5 cm 3.3–3.6 cm 4.2–4.7 cm 5.4–5.5 cm 4.5–5 cm 4.3–4.5 cm Length of 4–4.2 cm 2.5–3 cm 3.2–3.6 cm 4.2–4.3 cm 3–3.5 cm 3.3–3.4 cm filament 293 294 Gard.
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