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Commercial Airplanes Statistical Summary of Commercial Jet Airplane Accidents Worldwide Operations 1959 - 2005

1959 2005

Contents

Introduction 2 Definitions 3 Terms and Exclusions 5 Airplane Accidents, Year 2005 List 6 Departures, Flight Hours, and Jet Airplanes in Service 7 Accident Summary by Type of Operation 8 Accident Summary by Damage and Injury 9 Accident Rates and Fatalities by Year 10 Accident Rates by Years Following Introduction 11 U.S.A. and Canadian Operators Accident Rates (1959 – 2005) 12 U.S.A. and Canadian Operators Accident Rates (1986 – 2005) 13 Accident Rates by Type of Operation 14 Accident Rates by Airplane Type 15 Accidents and Onboard Fatalities by Phase of Flight 16 Accidents by Primary Cause 17 Fatalities by CAST/ICAO Taxonomy Accident Category 18 CAST/ICAO Taxonomy - Definitions 19 Excluded Events/Hostile Action Events 20 Hostile Actions 21 Non-Hostile Events 22 Notes 23-24 Published by: Safety Boeing Commercial Airplanes P.O. Box 3707 M/S 67-TC , 98124-2207, U.S.A. (425) 237-1242 E-mail: [email protected] www.boeing.com/news/techissues May 2006 1 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Introduction

The accident statistics presented in this document apply to worldwide commercial jet airplanes that are heavier than 60,000 pounds maximum gross weight. These statistics are presented in two distinct sections called; Statistical Accidents, which outlines hull loss, substantial damage, fatal injury and serious injury accidents; and Excluded Events, outlining hostile actions, and non-hostile events.

Not covered in this document are airplanes manufactured in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (former ), which are excluded because of the lack of operational data. Statistics on commercial airplanes operated in military service arenot covered in this document; however, when a military-owned commercial jet transport type is used for civilian commercial service, those data are contained within this document.

The following airplane types are included:

717 DC-8 A300 BAe 146 F-28 Concorde L-1011 BAC 1-11 Comet 4 707, 720 DC-9 A300-600 RJ-70/-85/-100 F-70 Trident 727 DC-10/MD-10 A310 CRJ-700/-900 F-100 Caravelle 737 MD-11 A320/319/321 EMB-170/-190 Mercure 747 MD-80/-90 A330 CV-880/-990 757 A340 VC-10 767 777

Airplane flight time and departures are primarily obtained from airplane and engine manufacturer compilations. Flight operations data for non-Boeing-manufactured airplanes is augmented by the AirCraft Analytical System (ACAS) electronic database that is published by Flight Global, of Rugby, England.

Accident data are obtained, when available, from government accident reports. Otherwise, information is solicited from operators, manufacturers, various government and private information services, and press accounts. Definitions related to development of statistics in this book are primarily based on corresponding International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) terms as explainedin the next section. Some variations to the ICAO definitions are applied to facilitate the purposes of this document.

2 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Definitions

Events in this publication are classified according to the following definitions. These definitions are consistent with those of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

Airplane accident: An occurrence associated with the operation of an airplane that takes place between the time any person boards the airplane with the intention of flight and such time as all such persons have disembarked, in which: • Airplane sustains substantial damage. • Death or serious injury results from: – Being in or upon the airplane. – Direct contact with the airplane or anything attached thereto. – Direct exposure to jet blast.

Hull loss: Airplane damage that is substantial and is beyond economic repair. Hull loss also includes events in which: • Airplane is missing. • Search for the wreckage has been terminated without it being located. • Airplane is substantially damaged and inaccessible.

Substantial damage: Damage or structural failure that adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the airplane and would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component. Substantial damage is not considered to be: • Engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is damaged. • Bent aerodynamic fairings. • Dents in the skin. • Damage to landing gear. • Damage to wheels. • Damage to tires. • Damage to flaps.

Fatal accident: An accident that results in fatal injury.

Fatal injury: An injury that results in death within 30 days as a result of the accident.

3 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Definitions (continued)

Serious injury: An injury sustained in the accident that: • Requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours that begins within 7 days of the date of injury. • Results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes, or nose). • Produces lacerations that result in severe hemorrhage or nerve, muscle, or tendon damage. • Involves injury to any internal organ. • Involves second or third degree burns over 5 percent or more of the body. • Involves verified exposure to infectious substance or injurious radiation.

Generation: Airplane types are classified by generation groups in order of introduction to service as follows:

First Second Early Widebody Current

707, 720 727 747-100/-200/-300/SP MD-80/-90 DC-8 BAC 1-11 DC-10/MD-10 767 Comet 4* DC-9 L-1011 757 CV-880/-990* 737-100/-200 A300 BAe 146, RJ-70/-85/-100 Caravelle* F-28 A310 Mercure* Trident* A300-600 VC-10* 737-300/-400/-500 A320/319/321 F-100 F-70 747-400 * These types are no longer in significant commercial service. MD-11 A340 A330 777 737-600/-700/-800/-900 717 CRJ-700/-900 EMB-170/-190 4 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Terms and Exclusions

Regional identification: Events are identified by the operator’s national domicile and not by event location.

Airplane collisions: Events involving two or more airplanes are counted as separate events, one for each airplane. For example, destruction of two airplanes in a collision is considered two separate hull loss accidents.

Accident rates: In general, this expression is a measure of accidents per million departures. Departures (or flight cycles) are used as the basis for computing rates, since there is a stronger statistical correlation between accidents and departures than there is between accidents and flight hours, or between accidents and the number of airplanes in service, or between accidents and passenger miles. Airplane departures data are continually updated and revised as new information and estimating processes become available. These form the baseline for the measure of accident rates and, as a consequence, rates may appear to vary between editions of this publication.

Excluded events: • Fatal and nonfatal injuries from natural causes. • Fatal and nonfatal self-inflicted injuries. • Fatal and nonfatal injuries of stowaways hiding outside the areas normally available to the passengers and crew. • Experimental test flight accidents. (Maintenance test flights, ferry, positioning, training and demonstration flights are included). • Nonfatal injuries resulting from atmospheric turbulence, maneuvering, loose objects, boarding, disembarking, evacuation, and maintenance and servicing. • Nonfatal injuries to persons not onboard the airplane.

5 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Airplane Accidents Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet – 2005

Date Airplane Type Accident Location Hull Fatalities Phase Description Loss 03-Jan-05 Asia 737-200 Banda Aceh, Indonesia X Landing Airplane struck water buffalo 08-Jan-05 Aero Republica MD-80 Cali, Colombia X Landing Landing overrun 12-Jan-05 Myanmar Airways F-28 Myeik, Myanmar (Burma) Landing Nose landing gear collapse 18-Jan-05 Novair A321 Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt Landing Tailstrike 23-Jan-05 Spanair MD-80 Asturias, Spain Landing Hard landing 24-Jan-05 747-200F Dusseldorf, Germany X Landing Landing overrun in snowstorm 25-Jan-05 Republic of Yugoslavia F-100 Podgorica, Yugoslavia Landing Veered off icy runway 01-Feb-05 A319 Paris, France 1 Parked Cabin attendant fell 02-Feb-05 Israel Airlines 747-200 Tel Aviv, Israel Takeoff Thrown tire tread after takeoff 03-Feb-05 737-200 Kabul, X 104 Approach Crashed into mountain 25-Feb-05 Syrianair 727-200 Kuwait City, Kuwait Landing Runway excursion 02-Mar-05 777-200 Newark, New Jersey, USA Takeoff Tailstrike 06-Mar-05 757-200 Boston, Massachusetts, USA Taxi Flight attendant injured during taxi 07-Mar-05 Iraq Ministry of Defense A310 , Iran Landing Veered off runway 19-Mar-05 707-300F Entebbe, Uganda X Landing Landed short, crashed into lake 01-Apr-05 El Al Israel Airlines 737-800 Tel Aviv, Israel Parked Cabin attendant fell 07-Apr-05 ICARO F-28 Coca, Ecuador X Landing Hard landing short MLG collapse 14-Apr-05 Merpati Nusantara Airlines 737-200 Ujung, Pandang, Indonesia Landing Veered off runway 20-Apr-05 Iranian Air Force 707-300F Tehran, Iran X 3 Landing Landing overrun into river 05-May-05 DC-9 , , USA X Parked Airplane hit by fuel truck while parked 10-May-05 Northwest Airlines DC-9 Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA X Taxi Airplane collision during taxi 10-May-05 Northwest Airlines A319 Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Parked Struck by taxiing airplane 13-May-05 Delta Air Lines MD-80 Denver, Colorado, USA Climb Air turn back - loss of pressurization 13-May-05 Cargo 747-200 Sharjah, United Arab Landing LH main gear partially retracted 22-May-05 Skyservice Airlines 767-300ER Punta Cana, Dominican Republic Landing Hard derotation - skin wrinkling 26-May-05 MD-80 Prague, Czech Republic Pushback Failure of nose landing gear 31-May-05 Adam Air 737-400 Jakarta Soekarno, Indonesia Landing Right main landing gear collapsed 07-Jun-05 UPS MD-11 Louisville, Kentucky, USA Landing Nose wheel separated 12-Jun-05 727-200 , Landing Off-runway excursion 19-Jun-05 Mahfooz Aviation 707-300 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia X Landing Hard landing - MLG collapse 01-Jul-05 Biman Bangladesh Airlines DC-10 Chittagong, Bangladesh X Landing Veered off runway - MLG collapse 02-Aug-05 Air France A340 Toronto, Canada X Landing Runway overrun and burned 09-Aug-05 MD-90 Cairo, Egypt Landing Engine fire on landing 14-Aug-05 Helios Airways 737-300 Grammatikos, Greece X 121 Climb Flight crew incapacitation 16-Aug-05 Caribbean Airways MD-82 Machiques, Venezuela X 160 Cruise Loss of control 19-Aug-05 Northwest Airlines 747-200 Agana, X Landing Landed with nose landing gear retracted 23-Aug-05 Tans 737-200 Pucallpa, Peru X 45 Landing Crashed while attempting to land 24-Aug-05 SAS A340 , China Takeoff Tailstrike on takeoff 05-Sep-05 Mandala Airlines 737-200 Medan, Indonesia X 145 Takeoff Crashed during takeoff 08-Sep-05 Saudia 747-300 Colombo, Sri Lanka 1 Taxi Evacuation fatality and injuries 18-Sep-05 A321 Ft. Lauderdale, , USA Landing Tailstrike 09-Oct-05 Sahara India Airlines 737-400 , India Landing Runway overrun 22-Oct-05 737-200 Lagos, Nigeria X 117 Climb Crashed during climb 31-Oct-05 MIBA Aviation 727-100 Kindu, D. R. Congo X Landing Landing overrun 14-Nov-05 Asian Spirit BAe 146 Catarman, X Landing Runway overrun 08-Dec-05 737-700 , Illinois, USA 1 Landing Runway overrun 10-Dec-05 DC-9 , Nigeria X 107 Approach Crashed during go-around 14-Dec-05 FedEx 727-200 Memphis, Tennessee, USA Pushback Airplane collision with tow tractor 23-Dec-05 Koda Air 707-300 Istanbul, Turkey X Parked Airplane fire on ground 49 Totals 22 805 6 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Departures, Flight Hours, and Jet Airplanes in Service* Worldwide Operations Through 2005

45

40 40.0 Flight Hours 35 Departures • 492.2 million cumulative departures ) (406.2 million on Boeing airplanes)

and 30 ons i l l i res 25 m • 846.9 million cumulative flight hours (

20 (706.5 million on Boeing airplanes) 19.2 l departu

hours 15 t • 7 manufacturers – 35 significant

fligh 10

Annua types (14 Boeing) in service as of 5 12/31/2005

0 70 72 73 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 2005 Year 25 20,037 (11,828 Boeing) *Certified jet airplanes greater than 20 60,000 pounds maximum gross weight, including those in temporary ) lanes*

ds 15 nonflying status and those in use by rp i non-airline operators. Excluded are of a r military airplanes and CIS- (Soviet housan t 10 ( Union) manufactured airplanes. mbe u N

5

0 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 2005 Year 7 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Accident Summary by Type of Operation Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet

Hull loss and/or Type of operation All Accidents Onboard fatalities fatal accidents 1959-2005 1996-2005 1959-2005 1996-2005 1956-2005 1996-2005

Passenger 1,146 296 627 142 26,004 5,900 Cargo 199 78 135 49 227 43 Ferry, test 105 11 63 8 189 14 Other* 2 0 2 0 11 0 Totals 1,452 385 827 199 26431 5,957 U.S.A. and Canadian operators 477 90 231 40 6,081 720 Rest of the world 975 295 596 159 20,350 5.237 Totals 1,452 385 827 199 26,431 5,957

*Military-owned commercial jet transport types used in civilian commercial service.

8 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Accident Summary by Damage and Injury All Accidents – Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet –1959 through 2005

1,452 accidents worldwide

105 injury accidents with less 105 than substantial damage (62 fatal acc.)

602 745 602 substantial damage accidents (20 fatal (446 fatal 745 hull loss accidents accidents) accidents)

Excludes: • Fatal injuries from natural causes or suicide • Experimental test flights • Military airplanes • Sabotage, hijacking, terrorism, or military action • Non-fatal injuries involving: • Atmospheric turbulence, maneuvering, or loose objects • Boarding, disembarking, or evacuation • Maintenance or servicing • Persons not onboard the airplane

9 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Accident Rates and Fatalities by Year Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet – 1959 through 2005

60 1400

1200 50 Hull loss and/or fatal accidents Onboard Fatalities 1000 40 All accidents Accident 800 rate (accidents 30 Fatalities per 600 million departures) 20 400

10 200

0 0 59 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 05 Year

10 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Accident Rates by Years Following Introduction Hull Loss and/or Fatal Accidents – Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet – 1959 through 2005

60

First generation

Second generation 50 Early Widebody

Current Generation Accident 40 rate (accidents per 30 million departures)

20

10

0 0246810121416182022242628303234363840424446

Years since introduction

11 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 U.S.A. and Canadian Operators Accident Rates Hull Loss and/or Fatal accidents – Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet – 1959 through 2005

60

U.S.A. & Canadian operators Rest of the World 50

Accident 40 rate (accidents per million 30 departures)

20

10

0 5960 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 0405 Year

12 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 U.S.A and Canadian Operators Accident Rates Hull Loss and/or Fatal accidents – Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet – 1986 through 2005

4.0

Rest of the World 3.5 U.S.A. & Canadian operators

3.0

Accident 2.5 rate (accidents per 2.0 million departures) 1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 05

Year

13 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Accident Rates by Type of Operation Hull Loss and/or Fatal accidents – Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet – 1996 through 2005

3.5 3.06 3.0

2.5 10-year accident rate 2.0 (accidents per million departures) 1.5

1.0 0.89

0.5

0.0 Scheduled passenger operations All other operations* 150.1 million departures 26.5 million departures

*Unscheduled passenger and charter, cargo, ferry, test, training, and demonstration.

14 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Accident Rates by Airplane Type Hull Loss Accidents – Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet – 1959 through 2005 Hull Losses **Not flying 85 707/720 130 7.61 14.91 DC-8 73 6.08 727 83 1.11 737-100/-200 78 1.41 DC-9 84 1.41 BAC 1-11 23 2.71 F-28 36 5.97 747-100/-200/-300/SP 28 2.28 DC-10/MD-10 24 2.83 A300 10 1.68 L-1011 4 0.77 MD-80/-90 15 0.45 767 4 0.34 757 5 0.34 BAe146, RJ-70/85/100 7 0.91 A310 6 1.60 A300-600 4 1.06 737-300/-400/-500 19 0.38 A320/319/321 12 0.57 F-100/F-70 6 0.90 747-400 3 0.75 MD-11 5 3.45 CRJ-700/-900 0 0.0* EMB 170/175/190 0 0.0* A340 1 0.92 A330 0 0.0 777 0 0.0 737-600/-700/-800/-900 0 0.0 717 0 0.0*

Total Hull Losses 745 1.68 0 1 2 3 456 789 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hull loss accident rate per million departures ** The Comet, CV880/990, Caravelle, Concorde, Mercure, Trident and VC-10 are no longer in commercial service, and are combined in the “Not flying” bar. 15 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 * These types have accumulated fewer than 1 million departures. Accidents and Onboard Fatalities by Phase of Flight Hull Loss and/or Fatal Accidents – Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet – 1996 through 2005

Percentage of accidents/fatalities 17% 52% Taxi, load, Initial Climb Initial Final parked Takeoff climb (flaps up) Cruise Descent approach approach Landing

Accidents 8% 12% 5% 8% 6% 2% 7% 6% 46% Fatalities 1% 11% 16% 26% 14% 3% 14% 13% 2%

27% 15% Exposure = percentage of flight time based on flight duration of 1.5 hours Initial Final approach approach fix fix 1% 1% 14% 57% 11% 12% 3% 1%

Distribution of accidents and fatalities 100 92 2000

1,535 80 Hull 1500 loss Fatalities Fatalities and/or 60 fatal 967 1000 824 856 797 accidents40 637 25 16 500 20 17 10 12 14 195 13 11 141 5 0 0 Taxi, load, Takeoff Initial Climb Cruise Descent Initial Final Landing parked climb approach approach

Hull loss and/or fatal accidents Onboard fatalities 16 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Accidents by Primary Cause* Hull Loss- Accidents – Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet – 1996 through 2005

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Flight Crew 74 55%

Airplane 23 17%

Weather 17 13%

Misc./Other 10 7%

Airport/ 6 5%

Maintenance 4 3%

Total with 134 known causes

Unknown or 49 awaiting reports *As determined by the investigating authority, Total 183 percent of accidents with known causes.

17 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Fatalities by CAST/ICAO Taxonomy Accident Category* Fatal Accidents – Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet – 1987 Through 2005

4000 3735

3500

3000 2830

Number of 2500 on board fatalities 2000

1500

1000 862

618 489 500 298 265 245 174 165 159 144 124 110 48 1000 0 CFIT LOC-I SCF- FIRE-NI SCF- OTHER USOS FUEL RE UNK ICE MIDAIR ARC RI WSTRW ADRM LOC-G RAMP EVAC NP PP Number of fatal 57 39 12 10 15 4611 9 19 3 2 40 3 3 1 1 11 accidents 237 total * See page 19 for the CAST/ICAO category definitions 18 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 CAST/ICAO Taxonomy Accident Categories - Definitions

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the Commercial Team (CAST), which includes Government officials and aviation industry leaders, have jointly chartered the CAST/ICAO Common Taxonomy Team (CICTT). CICTT includes experts from several air carriers, aircraft manufacturers, engine manufacturers, pilot associations, regulatory authorities, transportation safety boards, ICAO, and members from Canada, the European Union, France, Italy, Netherlands, United Kingdom, and the United States. CICTT is co-chaired by a representative from ICAO and CAST. The team is charged with developing common taxonomies and definitions for aviation accident and incident reportings. Common taxonomies and definitions establish a standard industry language, thereby improving the quality of information and communications. With this common language, the aviation community's capacity to focus on common safety issues is greatly enhanced. The CICTT taxonomy is designed to permit the assignment of multiple categories as necessary to fully describe the event. The intent of the chart on page 18 is to introduce the CICTT taxonomies. Accordingly, each accident was assigned to the single classification that was deemed to be the principal, or most descriptive, category. The following are a complete set of the categories with a brief description:

LOC-G Loss of Control – Ground ARC Abnormal Runway Contact LOC-I Loss of Control – In flight AMAN Abrupt Maneuver LALT Low Altitude Operations ADRM Aerodrome MAC Midair/Near Midair Collision ATM Air Traffic Management/ OTHR Other Communications, Navigation, Surveillance RE Runway Excursion CABIN Cabin Safety Events RI-A – Animal CFIT Controlled Flight into or Toward Terrain RI-VAP Runway Incursion – Vehicle, Aircraft or Person EVAC Evacuation SEC Security Related F-NI Fire/Smoke (Non-Impact) SCF-NP System/Component Failure or Malfunction (Non-Powerplant) F-POST Fire/Smoke (Post-Impact) SCF-PP System/Component Failure or Malfunction (Powerplant) FUEL Fuel Related TURB Turbulence Encounter GCOL Ground Collision USOS Undershoot/Overshoot RAMP Ground Handling UNK Unknown or Undetermined ICE Icing WSTRW Wind shear or Thunderstorm

For a more complete description go to: http://www.intlaviationstandards.org/

19 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Excluded Events Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet

The following 2 pages, Hostile Actions and Non-Hostile Events, are excluded from the statistical analysis in the preceding portions of the document and may not be a complete listing due to incomplete reporting.

Hostile Action Events Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet - 2005 Events which occur as a result of a premeditated, overt act originating from terrorism, sabotage.

Date Airline Airplane Accident Hull Onboard Description Type Location Loss

0 Total events 0 0

20 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Hostile Actions Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet — 1984 Through 2005

12 1.2 Number of events 1.0 10 Sabotage Rate Sabotage/ 8 0.8 Number terrorist of rate per events 6 0.6 million departures 4 0.4

2 0.2

0 0.0 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 2005

800 Year

700

600

Number 500 of fatalities 400 (onboard only) 300

200

100

0 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 2005

Year 21 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Non-Hostile Events Worldwide Commercial Jet Fleet

Events Occurring In 2005 Severe turbulence: Ground operations: • No injury – 4 events • Airplane damaged while taxiing - inadvertently hit other • Flight attendant injury – 4 events airplane, tug, jetway – 15 events • Passenger injury – 3 events • Airplane damaged from foreign object debris – 6 events • Passenger and flight attendant injury – 3 events • Engine ingestion fatality – 1 event Emergency evacuation: • Crew, passenger/maintenance fell – 7 events • Minor injury – 5 events

Events Occurring From 1996 Through 2005

Turbulence 71

Servicing injury 55

Emergency evacuation 51

Aircraft struck by vehicle 49

Pushback 8

01020304050607080 Number of events 22 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Notes

23 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006 Notes

24 2005 STATISTICAL SUMMARY, MAY 2006