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6 X 10.Long New.P65 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76091-1 - Gandhi in the West: The Mahatma and the Rise of Radical Protest Sean Scalmer Index More information Index Abernathy, Ralph 182 Boehmer, Peter 227 ahimsa 73 Bolton, Glorney 76, 87 Ahimsa Farm 126–7 Bond, Julian 216 Aldermaston protests (UK) 150–2, 167, Bondurant, Joan V. 4 186, 199–200, 206, 211, 215, 230 Bourke-White, Margaret 32, 67 Alexander, Horace 37, 62, 66, 75, 94, 99 brahmacharya 73 Alter, Joseph S. 69 Brailsford, H.N. 30, 41 Anderson, Gwyneth 140 British government Andrews, Charles Freer 27, 30, 56, 64, misinformation about Gandhi 39–43 93–4, 99 suppression of news from India 39–43 Angandi, Ayana Deva 97 Brittain, Vera 113, 114–15, 133 Arnold, Matthew 87 Brock, Hugh 135, 138, 140, 141, 150, Arrowsmith, Pat 194, 198 161, 179 Ashmead-Bartlett, Ellis 27, 46, 79 Brockway, Wallace 48 assassination Bryant, J.F. 56 Gandhi 28 Buber, Martin 110 Martin Luther King Jr. 233 Burrow, T. 101 Atwood, Daniel 145 Butler, Harcourt 30 Aung San Suu Kyi 4 Azariah, Bishop of Calcutta 34 Cadogan, Peter 221, 226 Carmichael, Stokely 231, 235–6 Baker, Ella 181 Carter, April 179, 203–4, 223 ‘ban the bomb’ campaign see nuclear arms Case, Clarence Marsh 4, 27, 32, 98 race Catlin, George 61, 99 Barlex, Bill 131, 132 Chandler, Terence 208, 221 Barlow, Frank 119 Chaplin, Charlie 10 Barmby, Beatrice 21, 51 Chatterjee, Partha 69 Barr, F. Mary 37 Chirol, Valentine 79 Barr, Mary 133 Churchill, Winston 16, 23–4 Barry, Marion 183 civil disobedience, interpretation of Bartlett, F.C. 100 satyagraha 82–5 Bean, Susan S. 26 civil rights activists Bell, Inge Powell 218 appeal to conscience 197 Bell, R.G. 176 mode of dress 191 Bench, William H. 58 violence suffered by 208 Bennett, Scott H. 126 civil rights movement in America 167–74, Berkeley student protests 219–20 177–8 Bernays, Robert 23, 27, 30, 51 Montgomery bus boycott 167–8, Bevel, James 183 169–74, 180–1, 182, 197–8 biographies and commentaries about riots across America 233–4 Gandhi 29–32 see also King, Martin Luther Jr. Black Power movement 235–6 cold war 113–14 243 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76091-1 - Gandhi in the West: The Mahatma and the Rise of Radical Protest Sean Scalmer Index More information 244 Index Comfort, Alex 139–40, 141, 167 Fox, Richard 86, 89 Committee for Nonviolent Action (CNVA) Frank, Jerome D. 175–6 184–5, 189 Freedom Ride 168, 183, 189, 203 Committee of 100 186, 189, 214, 215, Fuller, J.F.C. 52, 79 220, 224–5 Fulop-Miller, Rene 77 Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 109, 130, 173, 185, 187, 188, 189 Gallagher, Buell G. 109 confidence in a new repertoire 164–5 Gandhi, Mohandas, Karamchand disciplined organisation 148–50 assassination 28 evaluation of early experiments 154–60 extent of influence around the world 3–8 redefinition of Gandhism 144–7 life story 2–3 conscience, appeal to 194–8 religious comparisons with 90–1 cosmopolitan translators of satyagraha Gandhi’s image 9–38 93–104 accusations of insincerity 35–8 counter-cultural movement in the sixties biographies and commentaries 29–32 227–30 bodily features 14–20 Crile, G.W. 101 celebrity status 11–12 Cromwell, Doris Duke 90 contact with Westerners 10, 11–12 Crossman, Dick 174 criticisms and scepticism 35–8 Crozier, F.P. 30 domination of the news 26–35 dramatic sensibility 26–35 Dalai Lama 4 emaciated body 14–20 Dandi see salt satyagraha eyes 13–14 Das, Frieda Hauswirth 37 facial features 12–14 Datte, Dhirendra Mohan 98 flair for publicity 26–35 Davis, William O. 207 iconic status 32–5 Del Vasto, Lanza 62 impressions of those who met him 10 Dellinger, Dave 177–8, 196, 209–10 manipulation of the media 24–6 Deming, Barbara 208 metonym for India 34–5 Desai, Mahadev 42, 117 mode of dress 15–20 Direct Action Committee Against Nuclear nakedness 15–20 War 179, 184–5, 186, 187, 188, 191 newspaper reports 11–12 discipline, importance to Gandhi 69–71 political power of 34–5 Diwakar, R.R. 97, 98 symbolism 32–5 Dixon, Ian 164 symbolism of dress 24–6 ‘doing your own thing’ during protests Gandhi’s words 227–8 combating misinformation 63–71 Doke, Joseph K. 30, 87 entreaty 67–9 Dolci, Danilo 4 explaining his acts to Westerners 65–7 DuBois, W.E.B. 109 nature of his voice 61–2 Dutt, R. Palme 79 necessity of discipline and sacrifice 69–71 Edib, Halidé 21, 79 providing information 63–4 Elwyn, Verrier 30 striving for mutual understanding 65–7 Emerson, Gertrude 30 style of speaking and writing 60–72 Enzer, Erica 195 Gandhism accounts which reached the West 43–72 Farley, Christopher 161–2 as inherently ‘oriental’ 86–9 Farmer, James 124, 233 aspects which gained press attention Farson, Negley 27, 47–8, 54, 82 43–50 Fellowship of Reconciliation 83, 105, censorship of news from India 39–43 109, 113–14, 116, 123, 125, 127–30, image portrayed in the West 43–72 164–5, 168, 185, 188–9, 197–8, 225 in action 39–72 Fischer, Louis 32, 78 language used to describe 50–60 Fisher, Bernice 109, 124 misinformation by the British 39–43 Fisher, Frederick B. 22, 38, 61, 77, 87 moving away from 168–78 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76091-1 - Gandhi in the West: The Mahatma and the Rise of Radical Protest Sean Scalmer Index More information Index 245 redefinition in the UK 138–44 institutional reform 125–30, 131–5 redefinition in the US 144–7 role of non-violent institutions scepticism about non-violence 50–60 184–93 see also Congress of Racial search for Western resemblances 89–93 Equality (CORE); Fellowship of suppression of news about 39–43 Reconciliation; Peace Pledge Union survival and persistence of 239 transnational dimensions 5–8 Jack, Homer 64, 181 victories and successes 39 Jackson, Stanley 84 see also satyagraha in the West Jameson, Storm 111 Garnett, David 88 Janner, Greville 174 Garratt, G.T. 78 Jefferson, Thomas 172 George, S.K. 90 Jezer, Martin 231 Ginsberg, Allen 228 Joad, Cyril 111 Goodman, Paul 221, 226, 231 Jones, Connie 161, 162 Gottlieb, Eddie 223 Jones, E. Stanley 77, 109 Graetz, Robert 182 Jones, Rufus M. 90, 101 Greensboro sit-in 167–8, 187 Gregg, Richard 4, 32, 48, 96, 100–2, 116– Kendall, Patricia 30 18, 119–20, 167, 173, 197–8, 210 Khan, Abdul Ghaffar 4 Gregory, Dick 227 King, Martin Luther, Jr. 4, 96, Griffith, Walter 122 167–74, 192–3, 197, 211–12, 216, Guantanamo Bay 200 231 guerilla warfare, identification with 236–7 assassination of 233 Gunther, John 31 Kumarappa, J.C. 97 Haig, Harry 84 Lafayette, Bernard 183 Harlem Ashram 125–6 Landon, Perceval 21, 51 Harrison, Agatha 95 language of Gandhism 73 hartal 73 cosmopolitan translators 93–104 Harwell protests (UK) 150–1 hyper-difference interpretations 86–9 Hassler, Alfred 114, 181 inter-cultural understanding 85–6 Hathaway, Charles 91 over-likeness interpretations 89–93 Heard, Gerald 118 search for Western resemblances Heath, Carl 78 89–93 Higgins, Alfred G. 76–7 see also satyagraha hippie protests 227–30 Laski, Harold 52, 81 Hitchcock, Alfred 111 Lawson, James 180, 182–4, 189, 197 Hoare, Samuel 33 Leary, Timothy 227 Hobhouse, Stephen 42, 78 Lessing, Doris 186 Hodson, T.C. 87 Lester, Muriel 33, 37, 67, 68, 78, 95 Holland, W.E.S. 77 Lewis, Ethel A. 134–5 Holmes, John Haynes 30, 37, 64, 81, 90 Lewis, John 183 Holmes, W.G. 37 Ligt, Bart de 32, 78, 112 Hook, Sidney 168 Lincoln, Abraham 172 Hossain, Syed 13, 97, 99 Lonsdale, Kathleen 195 Houser, George 146–7, 149, 154, 157, Lovell, Alan 190 160, 164 Lyttle, Bradford 177, 199 Hoyland, John S. 78, 90, 94, 99 Hughan, Jessie Wallace 113 MacArthur, Douglas 33 Huxley, Aldous 32, 48, 101, 117, 118 MacDonald, Ramsay 80 MacFlecknoe (British poet) 88–9 iconic status of Gandhi 32–5 Mahatma title 73 India, Gandhi as symbolic of 34–5 Malaiperuman, S.D. 97 Indian authors in the West 97–8 Malcolm X 221 institutions for non-violent protest Mandela, Nelson 4 institutional discipline 190–3 Mann, Eric 221 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76091-1 - Gandhi in the West: The Mahatma and the Rise of Radical Protest Sean Scalmer Index More information 246 Index mass protests 214–17 changing view of voluntary suffering dangers of 223–8 219–23 hidden influence of Gandhi 178–84 decline of peaceful protest 232–7 rejection of formal authority 226–8 embracing the spirit of violence 231 tutelage of veteran Gandhians 178–84 failure to achieve aims 206–9 Mayo, Katherine 31 ineffectiveness of 206–9 Mays, Benjamin E. 96 mass protests 214–17, 223–8 McConnell, Francis J. 88 means of attracting publicity 211–14 McHale, Ursula 162 move towards large-scale events 214–17 Meston, Lord 31 new approach in the West 209–11 Mildenhall protests (UK) 150–1, 161, 162 political tactics 228–31 Miller, Webb 27, 46, 48 pressure to be newsworthy 228–31 Mirabehn 95–6 see also Slade, Madeleine rejection of formal authority 226–8 Montagu, Edwin Samuel 32 scepticism about 50–60 Montessori, Maria 12 shift in aims 211–14 Montgomery bus boycott 167–8, 169–74, tactical use of non-violence 217–19, 180–1, 182, 197–8 228–31 Montgomery Improvement Association Westernisation of techniques 209–11 (MIA) 185, 186 see also satyagraha in the West Moore, Arthur 58, 62 nuclear arms race Moore, Henry 186 anti-nuclear protests 167 Moore, Jon 215 ‘ban the bomb’ campaign 167 Moorhouse, Frank 1–2 targets of protests 207 Morea, Benn 222 see also Direct Action Committee Morris, John 176 Against Nuclear War Morrow, Joe 222 Morton, Dorothy 162 Obama, Barack 3 Moses, Robert 202 Operation Gandhi 135, 138–44, 150–4 Mumford, Philip 117 confidence in a new repertoire 163–4 Murry, John Middleton 120 disciplined organisation 150–4 Muste, Abraham Johannes 4, 28, 123, 127, evaluation of results 160–3 128 Oppenheimer, Martin 217 Muste, Connie 113–14 Muzumdar, Haridas T.
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