Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics
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Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics North American Business Press Atlanta – Seattle – South Florida - Toronto Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics Dr. Charles Terry Editor Dr. David Smith Editor-In-Chief NABP EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Nusrate Aziz - MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY, MALAYSIA Dr. Andy Bertsch - MINOT STATE UNIVERSITY Dr. Jacob Bikker - UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS Dr. Bill Bommer - CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, FRESNO Dr. Michael Bond - UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA Dr. Charles Butler - COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY Dr. Jon Carrick - STETSON UNIVERSITY Dr. Min Carter – TROY UNIVERSITY Dr. Mondher Cherif - REIMS, FRANCE Dr. Daniel Condon - DOMINICAN UNIVERSITY, CHICAGO Dr. Bahram Dadgostar - LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY, CANADA Dr. Anant Deshpande – SUNY, EMPIRE STATE Dr. Bruce Forster - UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, KEARNEY Dr. Nancy Furlow - MARYMOUNT UNIVERSITY Dr. Mark Gershon - TEMPLE UNIVERSITY Dr. Philippe Gregoire - UNIVERSITY OF LAVAL, CANADA Dr. Donald Grunewald - IONA COLLEGE Dr. Samanthala Hettihewa - UNIVERSITY OF BALLARAT, AUSTRALIA Dr. Russell Kashian - UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, WHITEWATER Dr. Jeffrey Kennedy - PALM BEACH ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY Dr. Dean Koutramanis - UNIVERSITY OF TAMPA Dr. Malek Lashgari - UNIVERSITY OF HARTFORD Dr. Priscilla Liang - CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, CHANNEL ISLANDS Dr. Tony Matias - MATIAS AND ASSOCIATES Dr. Patti Meglich - UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, OMAHA Dr. Robert Metts - UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, RENO Dr. Adil Mouhammed - UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, SPRINGFIELD Dr. Shiva Nadavulakere – SAGINAW VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY Dr. Roy Pearson - COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY Dr. Veena Prabhu - CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LOS ANGELES Dr. Sergiy Rakhmayil - RYERSON UNIVERSITY, CANADA Dr. Fabrizio Rossi - UNIVERSITY OF CASSINO, ITALY Dr. Ira Sohn - MONTCLAIR STATE UNIVERSITY Dr. Reginal Sheppard - UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA Dr. Carlos Spaht - LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY, SHREVEPORT Dr. Ken Thorpe - EMORY UNIVERSITY Dr. Calin Valsan - BISHOP'S UNIVERSITY, CANADA Dr. Anne Walsh - LA SALLE UNIVERSITY Dr. Thomas Verney - SHIPPENSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY Dr. Christopher Wright - UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA Volume – 13(3) ISSN 1913-8059 Authors have granted copyright consent to allow that copies of their article may be made for personal or internal use. This does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Any consent for republication, other than noted, must be granted through the publisher: North American Business Press, Inc. Atlanta - Seattle – South Florida - Toronto ©Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics 2016 For submission, subscription or copyright information, contact the editor at: [email protected] or [email protected] Subscription Price: US$ 350 per year Our journals are indexed by UMI-Proquest-ABI Inform, EBSCOHost, GoogleScholar, and listed with Cabell's Directory of Periodicals, Ulrich's Listing of Periodicals, Bowkers Publishing Resources, the Library of Congress, the National Library of Canada, and Australia's Department of Education Science and Training. Furthermore, our journals have been used to support the Academically Qualified (AQ) faculty classification by all recognized business school accrediting bodies. This Issue Volunteer Work Experience: Can It Help Millennials to Find Meaning and Interest in their Work and to Negotiate their Role Within the Workplace? ....................................... 11 Wendy A. Campione Surveys show Millennials initially satisfied with their new jobs but also that they leave on average within the first 3 years. The contention of this paper is that Millennials fail to find meaning and interest in their work and to successfully navigate their workplace; volunteer work experience can change this. Findings show volunteer work experience significantly enhances Millennial job satisfaction. Based upon this, separate analyses compare volunteer Millennial with non-volunteer Millennial job satisfaction. Findings show significantly different reactions of volunteer and non-volunteer Millennials to pay, establishment size, unions, co-workers support; no differences with respect to extreme hours worked and irregular schedules. Transparency and Accountability for Bequests: The Case of Long Island College Hospital .............................................................................................. 28 Ellen J. Lippman, Teri Grimmer Restricted bequests to not-for-profit organizations can be challenging. Often there is significant lag time between commitment of bequest and death of donor, when operational changes in the beneficiary organization may occur that make adherence to bequest restrictions difficult. Governance systems, external to and within the organization, should exist to monitor the organization’s acceptance and use of bequests. Using the $138 million bequest by Donald and Mildred Othmer to Long Island College Hospital as an example, we consider the stewardship of charitable bequests and the failure of the governance mechanisms in accepting and maintaining bequest restrictions. Tackling Micro-Aggressions in Organizations: A Broken Windows Approach ................................. 36 Leon C. Prieto, Mario V. Norman, Simone T. A. Phipps, Essence B. S. Chenault Micro-aggressions are the subtle verbal and nonverbal slights, insults, and disparaging messages directed towards an individual due to their gender, age, disability, and racial group membership, often automatically and subconsciously. The authors of this manuscript contend that companies should adopt an ethic of care approach to managing diversity, and take some meaningful steps to ensure that their minority employees are treated with respect. The paper proposed a broken windows approach to reducing micro-aggressions within firms via leader acknowledgement, management by walking around, and micro-aggression training. A Critical Interrogation of e-Waste Management in Canada: Evaluating Performance of Environmental Management Systems ......................................................................... 50 Adon K. Irani, Farid Shirazi, Ayse Bener Electronic waste or E-waste is one of the main sources of harmful toxic pollutants (polyvinyl chlorides, polychlorinated biphenyls, lead and mercury). E-waste also represents a potent source of valuable metals such as gold, silver, palladium, and copper. As such, the end-of-life management of consumed ICT goods presents a multifaceted site for scholarly research. We developed an empirical method of performance evaluation and conducted a comprehensive assessment of Canadian e-waste management practices and discourse. Although Canada has environmental regulations on e-waste, we find that some Canadian e- waste management companies espouse a discourse of corporate responsibility that is contradicted by actual practice. The Sustainability and Ethics of Management Research: Are We as Management Faculty Unprincipled Agents or Engaged Stewards? ............................................................................ 64 K. Matthew Gilley, Bruce Walters Does our scholarly research serve the interests of our key stakeholders? Using the perspectives of agency and stewardship theories, we encourage our colleagues to address important questions surrounding the sustainability and ethics of what we do as social scientists. Retaining Leadership Talent in the African Public Sector: An Assessment of the HR Challenge ....................................................................................................... 67 Paul J. Davis, Yuliya Frolova This paper reports on a project designed to identify the extent to which and in what ways retaining talented leaders and aspiring leaders in the African public sector is a problem and the underlying reasons for any leadership talent retention problem. A qualitative research methodology is adopted, specifically a constructivist Grounded Theory Research Method (GTRM) approach. Data were collected through thirty-nine semi-structured interviews with public sector HR professionals from 14 African countries. The research found that talent retention of leaders in public sector organizations in Africa is a challenge and a concern. Interviewees reported a wide range of underlying reasons for the problem citing both internal and external barriers such as low prioritization of talent management, corruption, lack of funding and a skilled labor shortage. The study has advanced our knowledge on talent retention of leaders in the ever-changing and increasingly dynamic public sector. The paper highlights a number of potential future research opportunities. The study is limited by the sample size and a single-perspective of only the views of HR managers. There are potentially significant practical implications for those who design, implement and manage talent retention initiatives and for those who manage human resources more generally. The study provides public sector practitioners with helpful information to better address talent retention challenges. The authors contend that this is the first empirical, multi-country study of talent retention for leaders in the public sector in Africa The Impact of Authentic, Ethical, Transformational Leadership on Leader Effectiveness ........................................................................................................ 79 Mary Kay Copeland Authentic, ethical and transformational leadership in 21st