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Emerging States at Crossroads Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies Keiichi Tsunekawa Yasuyuki Todo Editors Emerging States at Crossroads Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies Series editors Tetsushi Sonobe, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan Takashi Shiraishi, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan Akihiko Tanaka, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan Keiichi Tsunekawa, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan Akio Takahara, Graduate School of Public Policy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan This is the first series to highlight research into the processes and impacts of the state building and economic development of developing countries in the non-Western World that have recently come to influence global economy and governance. It offers a broad and interactive forum for discussions about the challenges of these countries and the responses of other countries to their rise. The term ‘emerging-economy state,’ a part of the series title, or its shorthand ‘emerging states,’ is intended to promote dialogues between economists who have discussed policy problems faced by ‘emerging-market economies’ and scholars in political science and international relations who have discussed ‘modern state formation.’ Many emerging states are still in the middle-income status and not immune from the risk of falling into the middle-income trap. The manner of their external engagement is different from that of the high-income countries. Their rise has increased the uncertainty surrounding the world. To reduce the uncertainty, good understanding of their purpose of politics and state capacity as well as their economies and societies would be required. Although the emerging states are far from homogenous, viewing them as a type of countries would force us into understand better the similarity and differences among the emerging states and those between them and the high-income countries, which would in turn to help countries to ensure peace and prosperity. The series welcomes policy studies of empirical, historical, or theoretical nature from a micro, macro, or global point of view. It accepts, but does not call for, interdisciplinary studies. Instead, it aims to promote transdisciplinary dialogues among a variety of disciplines, including but not limited to area studies, economics, history, international relations, and political science. Relevant topics include emerging states’ economic policies, social policies, and politics, their external engagement, ensuing policy reactions of other countries, ensuing social changes in different parts of the world, and cooperation between the emerging states and other countries to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The series welcomes both monographs and edited volumes that are accessible to academics and interested general readers. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/16114 Keiichi Tsunekawa • Yasuyuki Todo Editors Emerging States at Crossroads Editors Keiichi Tsunekawa Yasuyuki Todo Graduate School of Policy Studies Faculty of Political Science and Economics National Graduate Institute for Policy Waseda University Studies Tokyo, Japan Tokyo, Japan ISSN 2524-5015 ISSN 2524-5031 (electronic) Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies ISBN 978-981-13-2858-9 ISBN 978-981-13-2859-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2859-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018957641 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this license to share adapted material derived from this book or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. This work is subject to copyright. All commercial rights are reserved by the author(s), whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Regarding these commercial rights a non-exclusive license has been granted to the publisher. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publi- cation does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface This volume of essays is part of a series presenting the outcomes of a five-year research project examining the birth, development, and future of the emerging-market states. The project team, consisting of six research groups bringing together more than fifty researchers specialized in economics, history, and political science, was led by Dr. Tetsushi Sonobe, Vice President of the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies. Upon completion of the project, the groups decided to join forces in the publication of the project’s research outcomes in a four-volume collection of essays. This book, the fourth volume, explores the economic, political, and social difficulties faced by emerging-market states in the course of their rapid economic development—difficulties they will need to over- come if they are to attain a higher level of development without seriously jeopar- dizing their internal and external stability. This research project received financial support from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), in the form of a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas [Research in a Proposed Research Area] for the period April 2013–March 2018 (Grant Numbers: 25101001*25101006). The project also received a JSPS International Activities Supporting Group grant for the period April 2016–March 2018 (Grant Number: 15K21728). Those sources of financial support are gratefully acknowledged here. In the process of editing this volume, the editors received valuable assistance from many individuals. In particular, we wish to express our deep appreciation to Dr. Amiko Nobori and Dr. Chihiro Fueta for their assistance in coordinating and editing the various chapters. We also wish to thank Ms. Miori Maeda for her valuable assistance with many logistics matters. Finally, we want to express our deep gratitude to Ms. Juno Kawakami, Editor at Springer, Japan, who gave us much valuable advice during the publication process. Tokyo, Japan Keiichi Tsunekawa Yasuyuki Todo v Contents 1 Emerging Challenges for Emerging States ................... 1 Keiichi Tsunekawa and Yasuyuki Todo Part I Middle-Income Trap and Beyond 2 Responses to the Middle-Income Trap in China, Malaysia, and Thailand.......................................... 27 Akira Suehiro 3 The Middle-Income Trap in the ASEAN-4 Countries from the Trade Structure Viewpoint ........................ 49 Satoru Kumagai 4 Emerging States in Latin America: How and Why They Differ from Their Asian Counterparts .................. 71 Keiichi Tsunekawa 5 Economic and Political Networks and Firm Openness: Evidence from Indonesia ................................. 97 Yasuyuki Todo and Daichi Shimamoto 6 Industrial Technology Upgrading and Innovation Policies: A Comparison of Taiwan and Thailand ..................... 119 Patarapong Intarakumnerd and Meng-Chun Liu 7 Changing Resource-Based Manufacturing Industry: The Case of the Rubber Industry in Malaysia and Thailand ............. 145 Motoko Kawano 8 Marketing Risks and Standards Compliance: Challenges in Accessing the Global Market for High-Value Agricultural and Aquacultural Industries .............................. 163 Aya Suzuki and Vu Hoang Nam vii viii Contents Part II Social and Political Dimensions 9 How Nations Resurge: Overcoming Historical Inequality in South Africa ........................................ 187 Yoichi Mine 10 Education, Development, and Politics in South Korea .......... 209 Noriyo Isozaki 11 Politics
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