Population Genetics and Phylogeography of Hawaiian Coral Reef Echinoderms
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Holothuriidae 1165
click for previous page Order Aspidochirotida - Holothuriidae 1165 Order Aspidochirotida - Holothuriidae HOLOTHURIIDAE iagnostic characters: Body dome-shaped in cross-section, with trivium (or sole) usually flattened Dand dorsal bivium convex and covered with papillae. Gonads forming a single tuft appended to the left dorsal mesentery. Tentacular ampullae present, long, and slender. Cuvierian organs present or absent. Dominant spicules in form of tables, buttons (simple or modified), and rods (excluding C-and S-shaped rods). Key to the genera and subgenera of Holothuriidae occurring in the area (after Clark and Rowe, 1971) 1a. Body wall very thick; podia and papillae short, more or less regularly arranged on bivium and trivium; spicules in form of rods, ovules, rosettes, but never as tables or buttons ......→ 2 1b. Body wall thin to thick; podia irregularly arranged on the bivium and scattered papillae on the trivium; spicules in various forms, with tables and/or buttons present ...(Holothuria) → 4 2a. Tentacles 20 to 30; podia ventral, irregularly arranged on the interradii or more regularly on the radii; 5 calcified anal teeth around anus; spicules in form of spinose rods and rosettes ...........................................Actinopyga 2b. Tentacles 20 to 25; podia ventral, usually irregularly arranged, rarely on the radii; no calcified anal teeth around anus, occasionally 5 groups of papillae; spicules in form of spinose and/or branched rods and rosettes ............................→ 3 3a. Podia on bivium arranged in 3 rows; spicules comprise rocket-shaped forms ....Pearsonothuria 3b. Podia on bivium not arranged in 3 rows; spicules not comprising rocket-shaped forms . Bohadschia 4a. Spicules in form of well-developed tables, rods and perforated plates, never as buttons .....→ 5 4b. -
Echinodermata) of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia
Shallow-water holothuroids (Echinodermata) of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia By Sun W. Kim*, Allison K. Miller, Catherine Brunson, Kristin Netchy, Ronald M. Clouse, Daniel Janies, Emmanuel Tardy, and Alexander M. Kerr Abstract In December 2002, July 2007 and December 2009, we surveyed the sea cucumber fauna of the western Caroline Island of Yap (Federated States of Micronesia). We collected 37 species of holothuroids, including 32 species of aspidochirotes and five species of apodans. We found all 13 of the previously reported species and 24 new records for the islands—19 aspidochirotes and five apodans. At least two of the new records appear to be previously undescribed species. Types of microhabitats and reef zonation were closely correlated with the species distributions of Yapese holothuroids.. *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Pacific Science, vol. 68, no. 3 February, 10, 2014 (Early view) Introduction Coral reefs are among the most biologically diverse marine ecosystems, yet they are threatened by climate change, overexploitation, eutrophication and ocean acidification (Hughes 1994, Reaka-Kudla 1997, Bruno et al. 2009). The currently known 93,000 coral reef associated species are estimated to only represent a small portion of the actual diversity (Reaka- Kudla 1997). In addition, many species have not been seen since their original descriptions, often over a century ago, causing ongoing taxonomic confusion. This taxonomic confusion is not limited to rare species; statuses of even some common species remain in flux. We clearly have much to learn about the alpha diversity of coral reefs (Reaka-Kudla 1997, Bouchet et al. 2002, Michonneau et al. -
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS the Author Is Grateful to Dr. B. K. Tikader
298 Records oj the Zoological Survey of 1ndia ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is grateful to Dr. B. K. Tikader, Director, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta and the OfIicer-in-Charge, High Altitude Zoology Field Station, Zoological Survey of India, Solan, for providing the necessary facilities for the present investigation. Thanks are also due to the staff of the High Altitude Zoology Field Station, particularly Dr. J. M. Julka, Shri T. R. Sharma and Mr. Rathin Mukherjee for their help in the field and as well as in the laboratory. REFERENCES BHATIA, M. L. 1939. On some leeches from Kashmir. Bull Punj. Univ. Zool.,2: 1-17. BHATIA,. M. L. 1934. Nouve1:le sangsue rhynchobdellide Glossiphonia Zobata n. sp., de lestablishment de pisiculture d' A chabal, Kashmir. Ann. Parasite hum. comp., 12; 121-129. CHANDRA, M. 1983. A check-list of leeches of India. Ree. wolf Surv. India, 80 : 265-290. HARDING, W. A. AND MOORE, P. J. 1927. Fauna of British. [nilia, Hirudinea, Taylor and Francis, London. SOOTA, T. D. 1959 (1956). Fauna of the Kashmir Valley-Leeches. Ree. Indian M,us., S4 (1-2): 1-4 . \ .. Ree. zoot. Surv. India, 81 : 299-314, 1983 ON A COLLECTION OF SHALLOW -WATER HOLOTHURIANS FROM THE LAKSHADWEEP By S. K. MUKHOPADHYAY AND T. K. SA~4ANTA Zoological Survey of India, Oalcutta (With 11 Text-figures) INTRODUCTION The taxonomic account of the echinoderms of the Lakshadweep excepting Holothuroidea was first published by Bell (1902), based on the collections made by Stanley Gardiner. The holothurian component was reported, by Pearson (1913, 1914), but this did not contain. -
Community Structure, Diversity, and Distribution Patterns of Sea Cucumber
Community structure, diversity, and distribution patterns of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) in the coral reef area of Sapeken Islands, Sumenep Regency, Indonesia 1Abdulkadir Rahardjanto, 2Husamah, 2Samsun Hadi, 1Ainur Rofieq, 2Poncojari Wahyono 1 Biology Education, Postgraduate Directorate, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia; 2 Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia. Corresponding author: A. Rahardjanto, [email protected] Abstract. Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) are one of the high value marine products, with populations under very critical condition due to over exploitation. Data and information related to the condition of sea cucumber communities, especially in remote islands, like the Sapeken Islands, Sumenep Regency, East Java, Indonesia, is still very limited. This study aimed to determine the species, community structure (density, frequency, and important value index), species diversity index, and distribution patterns of sea cucumbers found in the reef area of Sapeken Islands, using a quantitative descriptive study. This research was conducted in low tide during the day using the quadratic transect method. Data was collected by making direct observations of the population under investigation. The results showed that sea cucumbers belonged to 11 species, from 2 orders: Aspidochirotida, with the species Holothuria hilla, Holothuria fuscopunctata, Holothuria impatiens, Holothuria leucospilota, Holothuria scabra, Stichopus horrens, Stichopus variegates, Actinopyga lecanora, and Actinopyga mauritiana and order Apodida, with the species Synapta maculata and Euapta godeffroyi. The density ranged from 0.162 to 1.37 ind m-2, and the relative density was between 0.035 and 0.292 ind m-2. The highest density was found for H. hilla and the lowest for S. -
High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review
Mar. Drugs 2011, 9, 1761-1805; doi:10.3390/md9101761 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review Sara Bordbar 1, Farooq Anwar 1,2 and Nazamid Saari 1,* 1 Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (F.A.) 2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +60-389-468-385; Fax: +60-389-423-552. Received: 3 August 2011; in revised form: 30 August 2011 / Accepted: 8 September 2011 / Published: 10 October 2011 Abstract: Sea cucumbers, belonging to the class Holothuroidea, are marine invertebrates, habitually found in the benthic areas and deep seas across the world. They have high commercial value coupled with increasing global production and trade. Sea cucumbers, informally named as bêche-de-mer, or gamat, have long been used for food and folk medicine in the communities of Asia and Middle East. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile of valuable nutrients such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), and minerals, especially calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. A number of unique biological and pharmacological activities including anti-angiogenic, anticancer, anticoagulant, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antitumor and wound healing have been ascribed to various species of sea cucumbers. Therapeutic properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can be linked to the presence of a wide array of bioactives especially triterpene glycosides (saponins), chondroitin sulfates, glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), sulfated polysaccharides, sterols (glycosides and sulfates), phenolics, cerberosides, lectins, peptides, glycoprotein, glycosphingolipids and essential fatty acids. -
Correspondencecorrespondencebeche-De-Merbeche-De-Mer
38 SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin #17 – October 2002 CorrespondenceCorrespondencebeche-de-merbeche-de-mer From: Pr C. Conand (sea cucumber expert), Université de la Réunion, Faculté des Sciences, 15 Ave René Cassin, 97715-SAINT-DENIS Cedex, France To : A. Bruckner, CITES, NOAA, Silver Spring, Colorado, USA, and C. Shelley, Australia, for R. Gabel US DI Washington, USA. RE: CITES: sea cucumbers for Appendix II – Reply to request for information Dear colleagues I shall first introduce myself as sea cucumber expert following numerous studies in the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans. I am the scientific editor of the Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin published by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), the only publication devoted to world sea cucumber issues (bi- ology, fisheries, markets). It can be found on the web at http://www.spc.int/coastfish. Recent studies have shown the worldwide overexploitation of most collected species. I believe it is the right time to draw international attention to these resources, but it is important to look in detail at which actions to undertake. I will give here a few personal opinions to help the discussion. The exploited sea cucumbers are only a few species among the 1200 presently described. Their taxonomy is very difficult and only a few specialists are still working and describing new species even among the ex- ploited ones (see Madagascar and Kenya…) (see references). As they are often considered in developed countries as ‘ugly or exotic’, the scientific studies are, therefore, not as advanced as for other marine resources and there is an urgent need for integrated studies. -
<I>Holothuria Atra</I>
AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Harriott, V., 1982. Papers from the Echinoderm Conference. 4. Sexual and asexual reproduction of Holothuria atra Jaeger at Heron Island Reef, Great Barrier Reef. Australian Museum Memoir 16: 53–66, ISBN 0-7305-5743-6. [31 December 1982]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1967.16.1982.358 ISSN 0067-1967 Published by the Australian Museum, Sydney naturenature cultureculture discover discover AustralianAustralian Museum Museum science science is is freely freely accessible accessible online online at at www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/ 66 CollegeCollege Street,Street, SydneySydney NSWNSW 2010,2010, AustraliaAustralia THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM, SYDNEY MEMOIR 16 Papers from the Echinoderm Conference THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SYDNEY, 1978 Edited by FRANCIS W. E. ROWE The Australian Museum, Sydney Published by order of the Trustees of The Australian Museum Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 1982 Manuscripts accepted lelr publication 27 March 1980 ORGANISER FRANCIS W. E. ROWE The Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia CHAIRMEN OF SESSIONS AILSA M. CLARK British Museum (Natural History), London, England. MICHEL J ANGOUX Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium. PORTER KIER Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560, U.S.A. JOHN LUCAS James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. LOISETTE M. MARSH Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia. DAVID NICHOLS Exeter University, Exeter, Devon, England. DAVID L. PAWSON Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.e. 20560, U.S.A. FRANCIS W. E. ROWE The Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. CONTRIBUTIONS BIRKELAND, Charles, University of Guam, U.S.A. 96910. (p. 175). BRUCE, A. J., Heron Island Research Station, Queensland, Australia. -
Description a Sea Cucumber Species Holothuria Atra Jaeger, 1833 from Kish Island Iran (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(12)12660-12664, 2012 ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied © 2012, TextRoad Publication Scientific Research www.textroad.com Description a Sea Cucumber Species Holothuria atra Jaeger, 1833 from Kish Island Iran (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) Akram Tehranifard, M.R. Rahimibashar Department of Marine Biology, Lahijan branch .Islamic Azad University Lahijan, Iran ABSTRACT As each new species evolved, the ossicles changed with it, so each species has uniquely shaped ossicles. Examination of gross morphology and microscopic ossicles showed that this species is Holothoria atra. Color uniformly black or dark brown; when alive body usually covered with sand coating of sand which may also serve to keep it cool by protecting it from the sun's rays. , except for several pairs bare patches dorsally; tables with reduced but sometimes spinose disc. The importance of detailed reproductive biological studies on Holothuria atra are necessary due to its important role in the conservation of the marine environment. This species found on subtidal sand and grassbed, 3to 4 m depth at Kish Island. Distributed throughout most of the tropical Indo-Pacific area. Holothoria atra, is a holothurian of order Aspidochirotes belonging to the family Holothuriidae genus Holothuria. It is deposit-feeder and is mainly found on sandy bottom of fringing reefs surrounding the Kish island. Holothoria atra, is a holothurian of order Aspidochirotes belonging to the family Holothuriidae genus Holothuria. Holothuria atra is an omnivore, sifting through the sediment with its tentacles and feeding on detritus and other organic matter. It ingests sand at the same time and digests the biofilm on the sand grains before ejecting them through its anus. -
1 Conference of the Parties to The
Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES); Seventeenth Regular Meeting: Taxa Being Considered for Amendments to the CITES Appendices The United States, as a Party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), may propose amendments to the CITES Appendices for consideration at meetings of the Conference of the Parties. The seventeenth regular meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES (CoP17) is scheduled to be held in South Africa, September 24 to October 5, 2016. With this notice, we describe proposed amendments to the CITES Appendices (species proposals) that the United States might submit for consideration at CoP17 and invite your comments and information on these proposals. Please note that we published an abbreviated version of this notice in the Federal Register on August 26, 2015, in which we simply listed each species proposal that the United States is considering for CoP17, but we did not describe each proposal in detail or explain the rationale for the tentative U.S. position on each species. CITES is an international treaty designed to control and regulate international trade in certain animal and plant species that are affected by trade and are now, or potentially may become, threatened with extinction. These species are listed in the Appendices to CITES, which are available on the CITES Secretariat’s website at http://www.cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/app/2015/E-Appendices-2015-02-05.pdf. Currently, 181 Parties, including the United States, have joined CITES. -
Conservation of Aspidochirotid Holothurians in the Littoral Waters of Kenya Yves Samyn1 Abstract
12 SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin #13 – July 2000 Islands, an island group off Leyte, Philippines was University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. discussed. Sea cucumber processing in the Balkema, Rotterdam. Philippines is treated as a minor chapter in Espejo- Hermes (1998) and Schoppe (in press). ESPEJO-HERMES, J. (1998). Fish Processing Techno- logy in the Tropics. Tawid Publications, This paper follows up initial efforts of the Philippines, 336 p. Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development, which encouraged the FAO. (1996). Yearbook of Fishery Statistics 1996. implementation of a management scheme for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the sea cucumber fishery in the Philippines United Nations, Rome, Italy. (PCAMRD, 1991). It is an appeal for further studies on stock assessment and catch statistics of sea cu- PCAMRD. (1991). Management of sea cucumber re- cumbers in the Philippines. The author started a sources of the Philippines. Currents, a weekly long-term study on the sea cucumber fishery in publication of the Philippine Council for Palawan in order to determine the current situation Aquatic and Marine Resources and Develop- and to suggest management schemes appropriate ment, Department of Science and Technology, for the local setting. Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, July 26, 1991. References SCHOPPE, S. (in press). Guide to the common shal- low water sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, ALCALA, A.C. & S. ALCAZAR. (1984). Edible mol- sea cucumbers and feather stars (Echino- luscs, crustaceans and holothurians from derms) of the Philippines. Times Edition, North and South Bais Bays, Negros Oriental, Singapore. Philippines. Silliman Journal 31(1–4): 25–45. -
Evidence for a Saponin Biosynthesis Pathway in the Body Wall of the Commercially Significant Sea Cucumber Holothuria Scabra
Article Evidence for a Saponin Biosynthesis Pathway in the Body Wall of the Commercially Significant Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra Shahida Akter Mitu 1, Utpal Bose 1,2,3, Saowaros Suwansa-ard 1, Luke H. Turner 1, Min Zhao 1, Abigail Elizur 1, Steven M. Ogbourne 1, Paul Nicholas Shaw 3 and Scott F. Cummins 1,* 1 Genecology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia; [email protected] (S.A.M.); [email protected] (U.B.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (L.H.T.); [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (A.E.); [email protected] (S.M.O.) 2 CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Queensland, Australia 3 School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Queensland, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-7-5456-5501 Received: 9 August 2017; Accepted: 31 October 2017; Published: 7 November 2017 Abstract: The sea cucumber (phylum Echinodermata) body wall is the first line of defense and is well known for its production of secondary metabolites; including vitamins and triterpenoid glycoside saponins that have important ecological functions and potential benefits to human health. The genes involved in the various biosynthetic pathways are unknown. To gain insight into these pathways in an echinoderm, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis and functional annotation of the body wall and the radial nerve of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra; to define genes associated with body wall metabolic functioning and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. -
Ecological Observations on the Sea Cucumbers Holothuria Atra and H. Leucospilota at Rongelap Atoll, Marshall Islands
Ecological Observations on the Sea Cucumbers Holothuria atra and H. leucospilota at Rongelap Atoll, Marshall Islands KELSHAW BONHAM and EDWARD E. HELD! IN a distributional study of the black sea cu are then frequently subjected to wave action cumbers, H olothuria atra (Jager ) and H. leu from the surf whose initial force has been cospilota ( Brandt) , at Rongelap Atoll ( Fig. 1) broken by the outer reef. A conspicuous feature the beaches of most of the larger islets were of this habitat is the churning agitation and surveyed during September 1959, March 1961, aeration of the water. H. atra appears to main and September 1961. Estimates of abundance tain its position by inhabiting depressions and and size were made, and observations on tem holding onto the relatively smooth reef-flat by perature tolerance, predation, asexual reproduc means of its tube feet. H. leucospilota usually tion by fission, and some other ecological aspects anchors the posterior portion of its body under were considered. neath a stable rock or in a hole in the reef floor. These two species of sea cucumbers are fre In the absence of other cover it may find its way quently, although not always, found together in under a cluster of H. atra (Fig. 3). At appro the intertidal area of the seaward sides of the priate times it extends its highly mobile and islets at the edge of the reef-flat nearest shore. extensible anterior end outward for feeding. They occupy pools of water from a few centi Concentrations of these two species almost meters to about one shalf meter deep at low tide always occur where large slabs of beachrock are (Figs.