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“Urbanization in Ecuador: an Overview Using the FUA Definition”
Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada Regional i Pública Document de Treball 2018/14, 18 pàg. Research Institute of Applied Economics Working Paper 2018/14, 18 pag. Grup de Recerca Anàlisi Quantitativa Regional Document de Treball 2018/07, 18 pàg. Regional Quantitative Analysis Research Group Working Paper 2018/07, 18 pag. “Urbanization in Ecuador: An overview using the FUA definition” Obaco M & Díaz-Sánchez J P WEBSITE: www.ub-irea.com • CONTACT: [email protected] WEBSITE: www.ub.edu/aqr/ • CONTACT: [email protected] Universitat de Barcelona Av. Diagonal, 690 • 08034 Barcelona The Research Institute of Applied Economics (IREA) in Barcelona was founded in 2005, as a research institute in applied economics. Three consolidated research groups make up the institute: AQR, RISK and GiM, and a large number of members are involved in the Institute. IREA focuses on four priority lines of investigation: (i) the quantitative study of regional and urban economic activity and analysis of regional and local economic policies, (ii) study of public economic activity in markets, particularly in the fields of empirical evaluation of privatization, the regulation and competition in the markets of public services using state of industrial economy, (iii) risk analysis in finance and insurance, and (iv) the development of micro and macro econometrics applied for the analysis of economic activity, particularly for quantitative evaluation of public policies. IREA Working Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. For that reason, IREA Working Papers may not be reproduced or distributed without the written consent of the author. -
THE CONQUEST of the INCAS Grade Levels: 8-13+ 30 Minutes AMBROSE VIDEO PUBLISHING 1995
#3593 THE CONQUEST OF THE INCAS Grade Levels: 8-13+ 30 minutes AMBROSE VIDEO PUBLISHING 1995 DESCRIPTION In 1532, Francisco Pizarro and a band of 170 conquistadors, searching for gold, embarked on the conquest of the Incan empire. Though badly outnumbered, they kidnapped Atahualpa, the god-king, and held him captive for nine months before murdering him. Reenactments and graphics help describe Incan civilization and its destruction. ACADEMIC STANDARDS Subject Area: World History ¨ Standard: Understands major global trends from 1000 to 1500 CE · Benchmark: Understands differences and similarities between the Inca and Aztec empires and empires of Afro-Eurasia (e.g., political institutions, warfare, social organizations, cultural achievements) ¨ Standard: Understands how the transoceanic interlinking of all major regions of the world between 1450 and 1600 led to global transformations · Benchmark: Understands features of Spanish exploration and conquest (e.g., why the Spanish wanted to invade the Incan and Aztec empires, and why these empires collapsed after the conflict with the Spanish; interaction between the Spanish and indigenous populations such as the Inca and the Aztec; different perspectives on Cortes' journey into Mexico) · Benchmark: Understands cultural interaction between various societies in the late 15th and 16th centuries (e.g., how the Church helped administer Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Americas; reasons for the fall of the Incan empire to Pizarro; how the Portuguese dominated seaborne trade in the Indian Ocean basin in the 16th century; the relations between pilgrims and indigenous populations in North and South America, and the role different religious sects played in these relations; how the presence of Spanish conquerors affected the daily lives of Aztec, Maya, and Inca peoples) INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS 1. -
The Colombia-Ecuador Crisis of 2008
WAR WITHOUT BORDERS: THE COLOMBIA-ECUADOR CRISIS OF 2008 Gabriel Marcella December 2008 Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. This publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. As such, it is in the public domain, and under the provisions of Title 17, United States Code, Section 105, it may not be copyrighted. ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave, Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. ***** All Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) publications are available on the SSI homepage for electronic dissemination. Hard copies of this report also may be ordered from our homepage. SSI’s homepage address is: www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil. ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please subscribe on our homepage at www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army. mil/newsletter/. ISBN 1-58487-372-8 ii FOREWORD Unprotected borders are a serious threat to the security of a number of states around the globe. -
Examining Leadership in Ecuador from an Interdisciplinary Contingency Perspective
Examining Leadership in Ecuador from an Interdisciplinary Contingency Perspective Cultural, Social, and Ethical Issues Key Words: Ecuador, Leadership, Culture Abstract This paper explores the foundations upon which modern Ecuadorian leadership culture is based by examining the historical elements of the Ecuadorian leadership cultural system from a contingency perspective, beginning with an overview of the historical context followed by an exploration of leadership and followership within this context. In so doing, it lays a foundation for further examination of leadership culture in Ecuador. Introduction One of the major factors that contributes to the success of any organizational venture is the leadership climate in which it takes place. Leadership scholars have long recognized the importance of not only the role of the leader, but also the importance of followers and the context in relation to achieving organizational goals (Lussier & Achua, 2007). Consequently, any examination of organizational efforts in Ecuador should begin with an examination and understanding of the leadership culture in which these efforts take place. This paper explores the foundations upon which modern Ecuadorian leadership culture is based by examining the historical elements of the Ecuadorian leadership cultural system from a contingency perspective, beginning with an overview of the historical context followed by an exploration of leadership and followership within this context. Contingency Approaches to Leadership The contingency approaches to leadership emerged as a trend in leadership studies that marked a fundamental shift in the way scholars thought about leadership. Prior to the contingency movement, the focus of leadership studies was centered on the traits, skills, behaviors, and styles of leaders (Ayman, 2004; P. -
Redefining the State Plurinationalism and Indigenous Resistance in Ecuador
Redefining the State Plurinationalism and Indigenous Resistance in Ecuador By David Heath Cooper Submitted to the graduate degree program in Sociology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Mehrangiz Najafizadeh ________________________________ Dr. Robert Antonio ________________________________ Dr. Ebenezer Obadare Date Defended: April 18th, 2014 The Thesis Committee for David Heath Cooper certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Redefining the State Plurinationalism and Indigenous Resistance in Ecuador ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Mehrangiz Najafizadeh Date approved: April 18th, 2014 ii ABSTRACT Since the 1990s, the Ecuadorian Indigenous movement has transformed the nation's political landscape. CONAIE, a nationwide pan-Indigenous organization, and its demands for plurinationalism have been at the forefront of this process. For CONAIE, the demand for a plurinational refounding of the state is meant as both as a critique of and an alternative to what the movement perceives to be an exclusionary and Eurocentric nation-state apparatus. In this paper, my focus is twofold. I first focus on the role of CONAIE as the central actor in organizing and mobilizing the groundswell of Indigenous activism in Ecuador. After an analysis of the historical roots of the movement, I trace the evolution of CONAIE from its rise in the 1990s, through a period of decline and fragmentation in the early 2000s, and toward possible signs of resurgence since 2006. In doing so, my hope is to provide a backdrop from which to better make sense both of CONAIE's plurinational project and of the implications of the 2008 constitutional recognition of Ecuador as a plurinational state. -
The Fiscal and Monetary History of Ecuador: 1950–2015
WORKING PAPER · NO. 2018-65 The Fiscal and Monetary History of Ecuador: 1950–2015 Simón Cueva and Julían P. Díaz AUGUST 2018 1126 E. 59th St, Chicago, IL 60637 Main: 773.702.5599 bfi.uchicago.edu The Fiscal and Monetary History of Ecuador: 1950{2015∗ Sim´onCueva Juli´anP. D´ıaz TNK Economics Department of Economics Quinlan School of Business Loyola University Chicago July 2018 Abstract We document the main patterns in Ecuador's fiscal and monetary policy during the 1950{2015 period, and conduct a government's budget constraint accounting exercise to quantify the sources of deficit financing. We find that, prior to the oil boom of the 1970s, the size of the government and its financing needs were small, and the economy exhibited high growth rates and low inflation. The oil boom led to a massive increase in government spending. The oil prices crash of the early 1980s was not accompanied by any substantial fiscal correction, and the government considerably relied on seigniorage as a source of revenue. This coin- cided with almost three decades of high inflation rates and stagnant output. The dollarization regime, implemented in 2000, removed the ability of the government to resort to seigniorage to cover its imbalances. Indeed, in spite of large deficits registered since 2007, inflation has remained at historically low levels. However, the recent policies of inflated spending|and the heavy borrowing needed to fi- nance it|remind those that led to the collapse of the economy during the 1980s and 1990s, and generate concerns regarding the long-term sustainability of the dollarization regime, and of the benefits it has provided. -
Changes in the Foreign Policy of Bolivia and Ecuador: Domestic and International Conditions
Changes in the Foreign Policy of Bolivia and Ecuador: Domestic and International Conditions André Luiz Coelho Farias de Souza1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-0098 Clayton M. Cunha Filho2 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6073-3570 Vinicius Santos3 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-7832 1Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Department of Political Studies, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil 2Universidade Federal do Ceará, Department of Social Sciences, Fortaleza/CE, Brazil 3Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil The aim of this paper is to assess the changes in the foreign policy of Bolivia and Ecuador during the administrations of Evo Morales (2006- 2019) and Rafael Correa (2007-2017), taking into account the interaction between domestic and international factors in both countries. Our working hypothesis argues that the reorientation of the foreign policy of these countries was possible due to a connection between alterations observed in the domestic and international spheres starting in the middle of the 2000s. In the internal sphere, the greater political stability resulting from the restructuring of the party system; in the foreign policy environment, an international system more open to the progressive field, allowing a change in the orientation of Bolivian and Ecuadorian foreign policy, based on that moment on the diversification of partnerships with an anti-United States bias. Keywords: Ecuador; Bolivia, Foreign Policy; Evo Morales; Rafael Correa. http://doi.org/ 10.1590/1981-3821202000030004 For data replication, see: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/T8YQH1 Correspondence: André Luiz Coelho Farias de Souza. E-mail: [email protected] This publication is registered under a CC-BY Licence. -
Oil Remediation in Ecuador
Oil Pollution in Ecuador: A Devised Remediation Approach An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to: Primary WPI Advisor: David DiBiasio WPI Advisor Constance A. Clark WPI Advisor Natalie A. Mello Faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Submitted by: ________________________ Chris Baker ________________________ Chad Caisse ________________________ Ben Johnson Date: December 17th, 2009 _____________________________ Professor David DiBiasio Primary Project Advisor ii ABSTRACT Research is required to remediate the oil contamination left by Texaco in Ecuador and its effects. These effects and potential methods of their remediation are analyzed with respect to water, soil, and the affected indigenous peoples. We propose a five-part approach to the contamination, the Five Components of Remediation, which is divided into the Primary Component, Site Assessment, and the Four Ancillary Components: Water Treatment, Source Removal, Soil Treatment, and Minimization of Psychological and Sociological Impacts. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Without the contributions of many individuals and organizations, this project would not have been possible. Many thanks to Congressman Jim McGovern, his legislative director Cindy Buhl, and the rest of his staff for facilitating the creation of the project. We would like thank the Washington Office on Latin America for providing work space and connections. Our appreciation goes out to Doug Beltman of Stratus Consulting and Mark Quarles of eTech International for sharing their technical knowledge and their professional input. Finally, we would like to thank the project advisors for their assistance and guidance throughout the project experience. iv AUTHORSHIP PAGE The signatures below verify that work relating to this report was completed collectively. -
The Perversion of Rule of Law in Ecuador Daniela Salazar* 1
Salazar “My Power in the Constitution:” the Perversion of Rule of Law in Ecuador Daniela Salazar* 1. Introduction In 1830, Ecuador’s first president, Juan José Flores, appeared in a portrait wearing a silk sash, upon which was embroidered in gold letters the slogan: “My Power in the Constitution.” Since then, though with some changes of style, presidential sashes in Ecuador have kept that phrase intact, a characteristic which differentiates the sashes from others in the region. The meaning of the presidential slogan, nevertheless, has changed significantly. This phrase, which in its time referred to the importance of adhering to the Constitution as a limitation of power, today has taken on a more literal meaning: the power of the president, not the president’s limitations, resides in the Constitution. In the process that led to the adoption of the Constitution, and in the constitutional text itself, it is possible to find the keys to understanding the growing authoritarianism in Ecuador. With some frequency, those who recognize the excesses of presidential authority in Ecuador attribute them to the personality of President Rafael Correa, to his confrontational and populist style. Without claiming to carry out an exhaustive analysis of the extensive, complex, and imaginative Ecuadorian Constitution, in this essay I will allude to some examples of its innovations to demonstrate that the root of the perversion of rule of law in Ecuador does not lie in the leadership of the President, but rather in the 2008 Constitution itself, also known as the Constitution of Montecristi. It is my intention that the case of Ecuador and the examples 1 Salazar described here serve to inspire deeper reflection on the implications of the so-called new Latin American constitutionalism and its unfulfilled promises. -
2018 TRAVEL and ACADEMIC INFORMATION the Politics of Land Use in Ecuador GEOG 195 / ENVS 196
2018 TRAVEL and ACADEMIC INFORMATION The Politics of Land Use in Ecuador GEOG 195 / ENVS 196 Pucará, Imbabura, Ecuador Dear Students, Friends, and Parents, Hi. My name is Peter Shear, instructor for The Politics of Land Use in Ecuador (Geography 195/Environmental Studies 196), which will run between December 28th , 2017 and January 14th , 2018. The course promises to be adventurous, fun, and educationally rewarding. I’d like to take this opportunity to introduce myself, and then address some frequently asked questions and concerns regarding travel in Ecuador. Born in Royalton, Vermont, I now live in Pucará, Ecuador and am the father of two daughters (21 and 12). I have been organizing student trips and rural development projects in Guatemala, Puerto Rico and Ecuador since 1998. I have a Master’s degree in Political Geography from the University of Vermont and also direct the Inter-American Center for the Arts, Sustainability, and Action, a 501(c)3 entity that organizes educational exchanges, workshops, and volunteer work brigades in Guatemala, Puerto Rico, and Ecuador www.casainteram.org. I have been teaching Latin American Studies and Political Geography at the university level since 1997 and at UVM since 2002. I am also the Executive Director of Chasqui Treks, a community tourism project, CanopyCo, a reforestation and carbon offsetting program, and owner of Finca La Fé, all here in Ecuador: www.chasquitreks.net www.canopyco.org fincalafe.wordpress.com Now that you know a little about me, I will address some concerns often associated with travel in Ecuador: Travel Documents Students must have a passport that is valid for AT LEAST 6 months at the start of the trip. -
Cutting the Lifeline: the Trans-Ecuadorean Pipeline Disaster
DCA 2016 President Dale Anderson Reflections from 2016 DCA outgoing president Cutting the Lifeline: The Trans-Ecuadorean Pipeline Disaster The geography of Ecuador is defined by the Andes 1960s. Ecuador’s unique geography, however, presented Mountains that split it in two. On the west side are the a major problem: the oil deposits were all on the Pacific Ocean and fertile coastal plains known as “La Amazonian side of the mountains. The Sierra presented a Costa” containing some of the richest farmland in South formidable barrier to get oil across from the drilling fields America. To the east in “El Oriente” is the enormous to the ports on the coast. Amazon rainforest, home of many indigenous tribes and To solve this problem, the government commissioned near-impenetrable national parks. The Andean “Sierra” the building of the Trans-Ecuadorean Pipeline in 1972. that runs down the center includes some of the tallest The 26-inch-diameter pipe and associated pump and volcanoes on Earth, towering up to 20,000 feet into the pressure reducing stations would transport nearly all of sky and still a very much active part of the Pacific’s Ring the nation’s crude oil to a marine terminal port near of Fire. Esmeraldas on the Pacific coast. The smaller 6-inch Like many of its neighbors in the north of the continent, Poliducto Pipeline would later be built along the same Ecuador is blessed with abundant petroleum reserves right of way as far as Quito to transport propane gas and that have accounted for up to 40 to 60 percent of the other hydrocarbons. -
Ecuador's Financial Rollercoaster
Boom & Bust: Ecuador’s Financial Rollercoaster The Interplay between Finance, Politics and Social Conditions in 20th century Ecuador Pablo R. Izurieta Andrade Copyright © 2015 Vernon Press, an imprint of Vernon Art and Science Inc, on behalf of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Vernon Art and Science Inc. www.vernonpress.com In the Americas: In the rest of the world Vernon Press Vernon Press 1000 N West Street, C/Sancti Espiritu 17, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Malaga, 29006 Delaware 19801 Spain United States Library of Congress Control Number: 2015942450 ISBN: 978-1-62273-470-2 Images used with permission. Product and company names mentioned in this work are the trademarks of their respective owners. While every care has been taken in preparing this work, neither the author nor Vernon Art and Science Inc. may be held responsible for any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it. Synopsis This work proposes a connection of financial circumstances with major socio-political events in 20th-century Ecuador. It highlights the state of the nation’s economy as a determinant factor in the outcome of events. Throughout the history of Ecuador, the ambivalent evolution of major political and social events such as the stability of serving presidents, coups and war, has had an interesting and direct relationship to the financial environment. If the economy was healthy, did the country also experience stability? If it went into disarray, did the non-financial environment follow? Data collected from the Central Bank of Ecuador, unpublished diplomatic papers, and personal documents from relevant historical figures, as well as from the work of previous historians, indicate a strong effect of financial and economic performance on major political and social events.