FRIDAY, JUNE 23, 2015 VLOUME 14, ISSUE 1

PRSHA ABUBAKR: A DEATH OF PO- TWO - AWARD WINNING LITICAL ISLAM IN GIRL WOMEN, p4 POLITICS, P 11 ARE OPTIONAL CLASSES REALLY OPTIONAL !?

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HASAR ALI ates an unfair advantage, and the passing grade. This means fessors would evade blame for starts a bad practise. I believe the students will be entitled to faulty teaching methods, lose I walked in five minutes late it is the duty of students to re- a curve, as it has been the case incentive to be more efficient to my Physics II, as I set up my sist this change, for the estab- here and many other universi- and/or improve upon teach- seat I saw the small rotating lishment, are not only neutral, ties. Again, optional classes ing method. The establishment white board filled with a pleth- but incentivised to promote, are, in my opinion, a good thing would lose incentive to hire ora of homework problems and if they are not already. The so when done in moderation. A more selectively, (or less selec- an announcement. It read that called “optional classes” are counter argument that could be tively depending on the cate- we have optional classes ev- not actually so. If they were resorted to is that students have gory), improve upon courses in ery Wednesday, and before I to be treated as normal classes the option of studying online or the prerequisites, and/or over- looked at the time of the class, towards your academic credit, on the book. This is a faulty ar- all take students’ complaints (which conflicts with a class of that would have been a non-is- gument since having the same more seriously. As I have dis- mine,) my disgruntled thoughts sue. Optional classes are there teaching method, the same co- cussed, the optional classes are, began. I just read a similar in- to raise the class’ level of un- hesive medium of learning, in in actuality, mandatory in the cident on AUIS Issues, where I derstanding. This is not a prob- the same environment is a big sense that missing them gives do more reading there than for lem, but a sound act if done oc- advantage to whomever attends you a noticeable disadvantage. my Civilization class. I remem- casionally when it is needed. It the class, and a disadvantage to A solution must be sought af- bered many students, sarcasti- is a problem however when it the ones who do not attend. Ar- ter elsewhere. A solution that cally and seriously, defend the is done every week. There are gument could also be made that respects students’ time. If the teacher and his teaching meth- many reasons where it might students could only attend to class requires 2 hours more of ods. As my professor went at seem like students need these the subjects that they are hav- teaching, then two credits more it with electric flux, my mind classes every week, but I argue, ing trouble with. There is office should have been available to was in the field of this ordeal. most are the fault of, not the hours for that. The establish- earn. It is the students’ duty To keep in mind, I do not in- students, but the establishment. ment is incentivised to promote to advocate for their rights, tend to criticize any professor’s The establishment has either this activity because it is in the this case being an elementa- teaching method. I do not know has failed to teach the prereq- benefit of them and the facul- ry one. Optional classes are a Dr. Mahdi N. Kalahroudi, and I uisites, or the teacher is not up ty. They get to overlook many hack, hacks are only acceptable like my professors’, Dr. Niko- to par. In any case, taking away problems (HR problems, pre- sometimes, otherwise it is just laos Kalogeropoulos, Physics these “optional classes,” and if requisites not had been taught bad planning. II class. I intend to criticize the they were necessary as in many well) by assigning an optional practice. On the issue of op- cases they seem to be, then the class, that would definitely tional classes, I believe it cre- class average should be below raise the class average. The pro- 2 AUIS VOICE Volume 14, Issue 1 WOMEN

OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES FRONT- LINE FEMALE: A PROJECT TO EN- GAGE KURDISH WOMEN IN THE OIL SECTOR PRSHA ABUBAKR and to change the wrong-negative view of the society towards it is planned to develop a collaborative As an engineering student and a women activist, I participated in women. network among universities and the oil sec- the Study of the United State Institute (SUSI) for Student Leaders-a Coming back to the point, Pioneering women: Oil and Natural tor with a two-fold objective: Increasing the five week program designed and funded by the U.S Department of Gas Industry’s Frontline Female is my project, and it is designed chances of women to find a feasible job in the State. The theme of the program was Women’s leadership, within to attract more women into the oil and gas industry, which remains oil sector, and for companies to choose em- which we have focused on American politics, education, history, a globally male-dominated working sector even today. This is par- ployees from a broader scope of educated and and culture; also we included our societal issues in the discourses ticularly true for and Kurdistan Region, where there is insig- talented people. and the conversations. Me, as a Kurdish woman activist, I have nificant percentage of women working in the oil sector because of always been passionate about solving women issues in the Kurdish gender barriers that are still existing within companies and within society. the society as a whole. We were 80 women from different countries to celebrate and to The KRG has had a steady increase in oil production from share our cultural experiences in Washington D.C. This program 400,000 barrels a day in 2014 onward, and it is expected to reach 1 helped me to build leadership skills and understand more about billion by the end of 2019. However, there is less than 6% percent the land of the free and the home of the brave (U.S.); to learn more of women study Energy Engineering as a major and, who are work- about different cultures and ethnicities; and to explore variety of ing in the oil fields. A majority of women in who topics through an American perspective, especially the role of have a university degree remain jobless due to inefficiencies on the women in public affairs. job market, particularly in the oil sector. The purpose of my participation was not mainly to learn, but to Hopefully, this project will have a substantial impact on remov- represent a decent model of Kurdish women as well. Throughout ing the stereotypes and the baseless-emotional burden of worry the program, I have revealed many characteristics of Kurdistan that women are not capable of working in the oil and natural gas through talking about the history of the Kurds, in addition to their industries; and it renders programs to encourage women to get culture, food, dress, jewelry, politics and so on. During this pro- degrees in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathemat- gram, I was able to develop action plans for my project, and I feel ics); also it generally makes women in our society attentive about extremely honored and grateful for winning an award for the best the abundant-existing opportunities to have a successful career in action plan. My project was about increasing the number of women the oil sector with high salaries. Moreover, it is planned to develop in oil and gas industries, and in the Petroleum-Engineering Depart- a collaborative network among universities and the oil sector with a ment as well two-fold objective: Increasing the chances of women to find a fea- There is always a prejudice against women. As a female who sible job in the oil sector, and for companies to choose employees lived in this society, I have gone through many difficulties and from a broader scope of educated and talented people. This type challenges. When I decided to study Energy Engineering, I was of cooperation will increase women participation in the workforce told that I shouldn’t study this major because the society doesn’t while also it improves the supply and demand for labor. It will also let women work in oil fields. That was the moment that rendered encourage oil companies to provide jobs for women in the future, a chance for me to surpass the fabricated obstructions; I made my while utilizing their talents. This will, remarkably, reduce the num- own decision, and challengingly began to study engineering. My ber of highly educated jobless women and will empower them to goal has always been to encourage women to have their own voice, build a better future for themselves. Prsha is holding the U.S. State Department Certificate of Appreciation

What Paved the Way for the Assassination of Tara Fars? Fars, a 22-year-old Iraqi her body. The lifestyle that manly, maintain “complete Instagram star. The driver, Ms, Fars was living in Erbil manhood”, and cut their hair who was one her followers on and Beirut was not acceptable short, otherwise they would Instagram, surprisingly asking in Baghdad. She was shot to face the “the wrath of God”. why the hell she got killed! death in broad daylight. The Prior the death of Ms. Fars in There is a clear Despite the conservatism and Iraqi Interior Ministry in a the central Baghdad, four-mur- message behind closed-mindedness of the statement released that she der cases of prominent women every single bul- nowadays Iraqi culture, I was was murdered by a known happened. Rasha al-Hassan let that was shot thinking of another factor that “criminal extremist group”. and Rafif al-Yasiri, two beauti- by these thugs played a role in her assassina- This is not the first time that cians who died in a suspicious towards each of tion which was the silence these “extremist groups” carry situations in Baghdad a week these women. and negligence of the Iraqi out such campaigns. After before her murder. These civil society and international the fall of Baathist regime in series of killings did not attract media to put enough pressure 2003, the radical militias have much attention until Ms.Fars’s Iraqi parliament against on the government to prevent been targeting the icons and turn came. There is a clear these atrocities. None of these Tara Fars is posing for a model photo further deaths. Tara Fars, a people that they consider their message behind every single happened in the past and in the Christian Iraqi Instagram acts as “ruining Iraqi culture bullet that was shot by these Tara Fars’s case. Moreover, celebrity had just been voted and reputation”. The 2012 thugs towards each of these the government has been much one of Iraq’s most followed campaign of purging the Iraq woman; We do not let Iraq negligent than the NGOs. The DAVAR MOHAMMED social media stars. Ms. Fars’s emos was aimed to eradicate becomes a liberal, free, and ministry of Interior is aware of I was on my to go back to posts on Instagram were very any attempt to “westernize” open-minded society again! the perpetrator, but silent on Erbil when one of my trip- controversial among the youth the Iraqi youth outfit. In the The civil society NGOs could why they have not taken any mates shockingly spread the circles of the Iraqi society due City of Sadr, there were fliers easily demonstrate and take action against them. news of the murder of Tara to the tattoo showing-off on informing the youth to dress civic actions inside the AUIS VOICE 3 Volume 14, Issue 1 ACADEMIC POETRY HAS THE CURE and his counterparts’ wisdom and (Sheikhs) were influenced to push Therefore, as a remedy, he has arts, is indispensable as a solution; for national liberation, as almost resorted to strengthen patriotism and that the courage of the Kurds is not adequate and they can be exploited, otherwise. These to- kens and observations of Khani are still familiar today. Actually, what makes mem u zin immortal, besides the imposed de facto, is its mythical nature; Khani did not tie it up to historicity and chronol- ogy, he gave a natural justification to a phenomena to which a nation went through. We are in debt to the breakthrough he materialized, but his patterns are only applied as a big picture, because simply it is a myth; however we see Haji and Pashew take the lead of main- taining and promoting national- ism afterwards, and funnel down to detect and assess the solutions, based on their lifetime events. Abdulla Pashew (born in 1946) Almost 200 years later Khani’s successor, Haji Qadiry Koyi, went further on to cure the illness all the nations did; and the Otto- to be the fundamental instinct of being enclosed by the two em- man Tanzimat system which in- inside Kurdish people and their pires, and the paradox of being tensified these sentiments further political leadership, as founda- their inferior while having de- among the nationally homoge- tions for a state. For this purpose, scent courage. Having witnessed nous people. he embraced the rhetoric of shift- his homeland consequently and One-hundred years after Haji, ing affiliations from parties to persistently plundered by these Pashew emerged. For him, the the homeland; hence he has been Ahmadi Xani (1650-1707) empires, and that Kurds are not events were precarious: the Kurd- trying to influence the youth as united, he developed a revolu- ish factionalism has intensified, he felt disappointed of the old MOHAMMED KAMARAN the development of national sen- tionary-causal sequence: first generation, particularly, when he timents in Kurdish literature. And unity, next arm raise, finally a saw the latter spilled their broth- Kurdish literature, and particu- the reason why I focus on these comprehensive revolution. How- ers’ blood: “Come to this world larly poetry, has always been an three is that I see a steady-histori- ever, Haji elaborated on Khani’s you millennials [in 1994], if you assistive tool in enhancing and cal trend in their methods; indeed chanting for a king and civic in- don’t, new blood would not move fueling national struggle, even we do not have Euripides kind of tellect, but his difference is that If only there in Kurds’ nerve”. Still, this may be if the period in which the poems poets in Kurdish literature. he had found both pre-requisites a tautology of Khani’s ‘civic edu- flourished the situations were In the introduction of mem in his time: Yazdansher as a king, were harmony cation’, but, while Khani meant miserable and depressing. Each u zin, Ahmadi Khani, the fore- and himself as a man of intellect; literacy, Pashew stressed patri- society has developed and devel- founder of Kurdish nationalism “He [Yazdansher] is the source among us, if otic intellect and intimacy. For ops its literature, whether poetry, in 17th century, presents a ques- for hope and happiness today, no the Kurdish leadership, however, dramas, or novels, based on its tion that disturbs his spirit and body except him is the survivor of we were to Pashew has usually appeared of- cultural and societal relations and consciousness: Why Rome (Ot- Kurdish people”. Nonetheless, he fensive and critical, blaming them interrelations. Moreover, in addi- toman Empire) and Persia (Sa- preferred affirmative action upon obey a single for the continuity of the domina- tion to being reflective of a soci- favid Empire) have dominated education in that time; “Through tion and humiliation of the sur- ety’s patterns, literature diagno- the Kurds despite the valor they sword and pencil State is superb, one of us….We rounding countries. Meanwhile, sis the goods and the ills of that have, and they made them their I do have pencil but the sword is he observed that the two empires society, and, surprisingly maybe, inferiors? “Whoever resorts to missing”. Thereby, Haji appeals to would perfect besides territorial invasion they often suggests solutions. Con- his sword, [should] have all the the people to raise arm and strug- have penetrated in our minds too; cerning Kurdish literature, and desired things in his disposal”. In gle for integration and liberation. our religion, through their clothing fashions, chiefly poetry, it has mostly been the poem he drunkenly grips the Islamic ideologies, and media, all shaped by discourses on national man’s hand that pours wine in his our state, and of which strikingly harmed Kurd- integration and liberation since cup and asks him this question: ish language and culture. And he 17th century, when its firsthand Why Kurds should have this des- would educate blames Kurdish political players flower was starting to blossom tiny while they are extraordinarily for not being responsive for such after centuries of silence. Kurdis- brave? Khani attributes this un- ourselves in vindictive deeds. So for Pashew, tan in 16th century had been vir- pleasant fact to the absence of a unlike Haji, the righteous leader tually divided between Ottoman powerful king and the disunity learning and yet hasn’t emerged and still people and Safavid empires, both which among Kurds, as sicknesses: “If are not patriotic enough to have took advantage of geographical only there were harmony among wisdom. a revolution. Eventually, saying division to create factions among us, if we were to obey a single that Pashew is a nihilist and an- them in the form of principalities one of us….We would perfect tagonist is a subtle judgment; for under their hegemony, and to push our religion, our state, and would his rhetoric is a plausible reaction them against each other; hence educate ourselves in learning and to the calamity that his nation suf- the issues national integration and wisdom.” 1 Moreover, Khani for which, at the peak, it led to a fers, namely the losing confidence liberation were deeply embodied factionalism and subordination to Haji Qadir (1817 - 1897) civil war (Brother-Killing War as to be recognized nationally and in Kurdish poetry, and the Kurd- foreign powers blames the ruling- he calls it) in 1990s, and the na- the favoritism of other cultures. ish literature has been striving to fragmented ‘princes’, not the poor No wonder we find this seemingly tional values has been decaying. Therefore, in brief, and for now, find solutions to fulfil them since and artists, like him: “It is a shame radical rhetoric in Haji’s poems, Pashew, too, realizes that dis- the cures are patriotism and na- then. In this descriptive, and to an for princes and notables, the poor because, except witnessing what unity and the surrounding-hostile tional confidence. Adhere to them. extent analytical article, I will go and artists are not to lift the indict- Khani had witnessed two centu- countries are the major concerns; through some principal aspects ment”. Therefore, we notice from ries before, his lifetime was par- but with this age of globalization 1Translated by Michael M. Gunter, of the poetry of Ahmadi Khani, Khani that a righteous king, who allel with the rise of European and modernity, Khani and Haji’s The Contemporary Roots of Kurd- Haji Qadiry Koyi, and Abdulla unites the Kurds for the national nationalism (19th century) by solutions (a king and revolution) ish Nationalism in Iraq, 2013. Pashew, to historically explain purpose and who appeals to his which he and the Kurdish elites are not completely compatible. 4 AUIS VOICE Volume 14, Issue 1 BUSINESS & ECONOMY

WHY WOULD AL-MASHRIQ STATES weforum.org HOW THE US EMBARGO ON IRAN SHOULD INTE- IS AFFECTING IRAQ'S ECONOMY?

GRATE ECO- ARAM ALI AL-HAMAWANDY job in the Auto industry if the After U.S. withdrew government is not certified to from the Iran nuclear deal, ‘it’ import spare parts. Also, it will has reinstate a severe embargo affect the traders, who heavily NOMICALLY? on Iran that is intended to re- their business depend on Iranian The Iraqi strain Iran’s behavior beyond products because of proxim- prime minister, nuclear control and devolving ity and huge exchange rate Haider al-Abadi atomic weapons that poses a se- differences comparing to other announced that curity threat. With the Sanctions countries, especially China. his country coming into effect, Iraq will be With halting the current remit- will abide and a major victim; for Iraq heav- tances with Iran, Iraq needs to comply with accumulated potential that a pre-requisite for a democrat- ily relies on goods and energy search for alternative sources US sanctions ANSAR OMARV needs more investment. ic regime that believes in con- derivatives from Iran. Accord- for energy. According to the and will stop Mutual interests are one of Investments lead to produc- stitutional self-determination. ing to the Iraqi Ministry of economic advisor to the Prime all remittances, the factors that lead differ- tion which involves turning The Gulf Cooperation Council Commerce, the trade exchange Minister, Mohammed Saleh, fearing Iraq to ent nations, countries and resources through capital (GCC) and the European volume between Iraq and Iran for Iraq to recompense for their be affected by powers to cooperate peace- and labor to a final product. Union are two examples that was 13 billion dollars in 2017. energy necessities, they will be the embargo fully. Economic integration It also provides a bigger are remarkable for this case. The Iraqi prime minister, Haider trading with the Gulf countries, too. in Al-Mashriq leads to a market to the engaged states al-Abadi announced that his mainly with Kuwait and Saudi of importing goods from Iran, peaceful disintegration of in the integration that once country will abide and comply Arabia. Iraq cannot be affected Iraqis can boost their economy the existing states in favor integrated. It actually costs a with US sanctions and will stop that much by these sanctions and decrease unemployment of a more homogenous state. lot of money to disintegrate all remittances, fearing Iraq to because Iraq depends greatly on through developing self-suffi- Integration in this region may economically, but it is easier be affected by the embargo too. oil imports and port revenues cient facilities in industries and lead to a peaceful disinte- to accept the differences to the This will jeopardize around five that can compensate for many agriculture. gration of Kurdistan from degree of political disinte- Another pre-req- thousand workers of losing their economic damages. Instead Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria. gration. The requirements Mashriq is defined as the to any economic integration uisite is a shared Arab world which includes are elimination of barriers A WELL RECOVERED ECONOMY Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan that cause free movement of custom policy that as well as Iraq and Syria. The the goods and services, free Gulf States are also part of movement of labor in the is supported by a FOR THE UNPREPARED MIND- it. Al-Mashriq specifically Al-Mashriq in addition to free refers to Iraq, Iran, and Syria. investment movement, and collective institu- SETS IN KURDISTAN This part of the world as any harmonizing the economic other parts has the potential policies. Another pre-requisite tion that has some six months. Once it exceeds to cooperate peacefully even is a shared custom policy that KARBIN DARWESH the time, the economy will be though there has been a bitter is supported by a collective form of sovereignty The new economic cycle considered stable. Iraqi Central history among them. Integra- institution that has some form of Kurdistan demands a new Bank (CBI) actively works to tion is unification of financial of sovereignty among the among the Al- understanding of adaptation. keep the exchange rate stable, The problem is strategies between various Al-Mashriq countries. This In the mid of 2014, with the so the people do not lose buying states via the fractional or full economic integration may Mashriq countries. rise of the Islamic State and power. CBI controls the stable that people are still abolition of tariffs and non- prevent political conflicts; economic downfall of Iraq’s inflation rate by paying salary tariff limitations on exchange or the political environment 234.65 (World Bank) Oil and loans as well as issuing used to the prior occurring among them before may even facilitate economic Oriented GDP faces the threat shares. their joining. integration. of terrorist groups. Safety and The factors that contribute to economic cycle, Al-Mashriq’s economic If the economic integration security are the main criteria for the economic recovery are bank integration scope possesses occurs before the political foreign companies to invest in lending, consumer spending, and it takes them a substantial natural resources, disintegration, it may be easier oil reserves countries; however and increase in shipping and significant labor forces, and since a developed economy is many of them left and now employment rate. while until they get the economy is recovering. KRG has paid back all the According to Rozh Muhamad, loans to the traders and contrac- used to the new one. a currency exchange office tors in the form of bank check, owner, “[It] has almost been ten and now mostly gives three months since the exchange rate quarters of citizen’s salary while East, which resulted in U.S.- of Iraqi dinar to dollar has been the government could only pay imposed economic sanctions on between 120-122,000 ID, and a quarter of its employees’ sala- Turkey and Iran, have made the this is similar to 2012-2013’s ries with delays. Now people currency of the latter countries exchange rate that is considered have more buying power prior to lose their values remarkably. the Golden Economical Period to the economic recovery, but Thus, it gives Iraqi dinar more in Kurdistan.” He expects the there is still lack of confidence buying power as a consequence economy of Kurdistan to heal in buying. The problem is that of exchange rate. Kurdistan once full amount of salary is people are still used to the prior highly depends on imported given, and the Iraqi govern- economic cycle, and it takes Turkish and Iranian products; Designed by KARBIN DARWESH ment resends 17% of its an- them a while until they get used hence money circulation causes nual budget to Kurdistan. The to the new one. employment rate and transac- exchange rate is monitored for Political crises in Middle tions to increase. AUIS VOICE 5 Volume 14, Issue 1 SOCIETY THE EPIDEMIC OF SELF-ENTITLEMENT

themselves special ward, and justify it. Gradually, since their life is. Either way, recognizing treatment, authority, it is rewarded like a snowball effect, this kind of behavior is important for privileges, and righ- once started small it gets bigger as both individual and societal growth. teousness without earn- it slides down, more people develop ing or deserving it. It this sense of entitlement. The society does not stop here; they will become less just, more chaotic, want others to abide by and harder to live in. For instance, re- them as well. This issue cently we saw how a man got beaten, planted psychological, humiliated, and threatened by a secu- political, and social rity guard who is close to a political Self-entitled problems among soci- figure in front of a camera in Sulai- eties. In some societies mani. You can think of many reasons people grant the color of one’s skin why the persecutor would do such entitles them rights thing; one main reason is when the themselves and privileges, espe- persecutor entitled himself the right to cially from those who do what he did. These are the kind of special treat- do not have the same things that cause further disruptions skin color. In political in a society which makes us ques- ment, authority, realm, we can see how tion the way we see human dignity. politicians justify their When you have this in you as a per- privileges, and positions and decisions son, you become less productive and through self-entitle- less ambitious; since you are from righteousness ment. For example, in prestigious-elite family that happen Middle East being from to be influential. Just being a member without earning certain families, i.e. of this elite group granted you many religious, military, and privileges that even if other people or deserving it. elite, might entitle one work their entire lifetime would not HAMNO NAWZAD strange, yet, persistent and repetitive a highway to authority and marginal- get it. But for you it’s all natural: you It does not stop Humans are very distinctive spe- in some people. This behavior is in- ize and suppress those who stand on have it and you want the flow to con- cies. Although this distinction can duced by something called self-enti- their way. Psychologically, this cre- tinue, so you relax and enjoy; well, here; they want be validated through many different tlement and those who possess it tend ates more arrogant- irresponsible and that flow may or may not continue in ways but we concentrate on the be- to make it harder for the rest of us. narcissist individuals that become a the future. Another person who does others to abide havioral part. When we are interact- Entitlement is defined by Oxford Dic- burden upon the people around them. not have this source to feed their self- ing with different people on different tionary as “[t]he belief that one inher- An alerting problem arises when so- entitlement by default, they become by them as well. levels directly or indirectly we always ently deserves of privileges or special ciety systematically feeds to this self- a type of person who will only com- encounter a type of behavior that is treatment.” Self-entitled people grant entitlement. It comes to celebrate, re- plain and do nothing about the way

HOW TO MAKE KURDISTAN GREAT AGAIN!? national background, to have a huge privatization. If we want a stronger and business cultures and it all starts amount of hope in the future. I know economy, we need business to grow with those of us who like to call them- this sounds like words from a person and such rigid and inflexible business selves Leaders of the Future!” sitting in their chair and doing nothing environments have to eventually fade and bringing nothing into real life but away. TO BE CONTINUED ... thinking and thinking.. It’s useless and Going back to our AUIS alumnae, boring! the businesses they’ve applied to The excitement lies in where can seemed like very good investment we fix or put our building blocks for for their time and efforts. When they a more prosperous Kurdistan and started working at these businesses Iraq and how do we do that. Here’s they realized the business treated and a thought: A few months ago I’ve exploited their employees badly, or the If we want A Kurdish popular rally free to think so, but I think not. In met with a few AUIS Alumni’s in the environment did not suit their hopes a stronger fact, I’m not a writer or a journalist or cafeteria and asked about how they for a better future. Having said all of economy, we have any intention to be one, a friend were doing and what were they doing this, there are also many AUIS alum- need business BASTA SEERWAN asked since he thought I’m interesting now they’ve graduated (Me asking nae including those who had these to grow and The bold statement this quote made enough (I hope!) to write about a topic with big bright and happy thought and unfortunate encounters with these such rigid and make my mind glance over all the that’s important to me and I want the picture for what’s out there in me). businesses, who end up in jobs that inflexible busi- recent years twists and turns in Kurd- world (AUIS family and friends!) to They all complained in some way or satisfied not only their financial needs ness environ- istan and Iraq’s economy. This simple know. another. At least there was one story or but also their analytical or intellectual ments have to quote in Yoga, Power and Spirit book So, here I am, a person who’s mostly one occurrence in everyone’s stories: needs and skills. My aim in pointing eventually fade was sitting in a small bookshop in one concerned about world peace, I want There’s always a business out there out these “bad” businesses is the fact away. of the Mesopotamian cities waiting my Kurdistan or at least my people who neglected what we call in busi- that if we want to grow our economy for me to read it and acknowledge it and all people living in coexistence ness (Business Ethics, Business Integ- and make Kurdistan great again, we weeks later in my article in my Univer- with other people regardless of their rity or Good Corporate Culture). Our need to change the way we do business sity’s newspaper. Coincidence? You’re ethical, economical, religious or economy is slowly moving towards and entirely develop better corporate 6 AUIS VOICE Volume 14, Issue 1 MOVIE REVIEWS VENOM: A DISAPPOINTING EXPERIENCE

be separate from the MCU and will the story doesn’t just stop there but ac- CHENAR CHALAK star Tom Hardy, the project received a tually goes on for the rest of the movie. lot of backlash and was not met with a The movie also does a terrible job at Venom was directed by Ruben lot of enthusiasm by the fans. I person- utilizing their performers, making a Fleischer and stars Tom Hardy, Riz ally was never one of those people, and total waste of a 4 time Oscar nomi- I personally was nev- Ahmed, and Michelle Williams, and actually had high hopes for this movie, nated talent like Michelle Williams it’s supposedly the first entry in Sony’s especially when considering the pres- by putting her in the movie for almost er one of those people, Cinematic Universe of Spider-Man ence of the always charismatic Tom only 15 minutes and in a very insignifi- Villains. The movie has been receiv- Hardy as the classic Spider-Man vil- cant role, and casting Riz Ahmed in the and actually had high ing highly mixed reviews: On the hand lain. Now that I’ve watched the movie, role of the villainous Carlton Drake, a general movie goers have deemed the it hurts me to say : I did not like this role that doesn’t fit him in the slight- hopes for this movie, movie to be enjoyable, while most movie. est. But my two main problems with critics have called it one of the worst The editing in this movie is horrible. the movie are: One, the dialogue, and especially when con- comic-book movies in the last decade. Because of Sony’s desire to appeal to Two, the villain. The dialogue in this The movie delivered a staggering 80 as much people as they can, the movie movie is at most times cringe-worthy, sidering the presence Million Dollars in its first weekend at was poorly edited down to only 112 lines like “So many snacks, too little the box office, breaking the record for minutes which was a really unwise time” and “Turd in the wind” make of the always charis- an October opening weekend. decision to make, considering that the scenes look unintentionally funny there are many scenes in the movie when they’re not supposed to be, and matic Tom Hardy as A corporation by the name of Life that when you’re watching it you feel contradictorily, making many jokes Foundation discovers a comet covered like it does not belong there. Also, the that don’t really hit the mark and just the classic Spider-Man in symbiotic lifeforms while explor- movie was given a PG-13 rating in- end up being cringy. And a villain, ing space for new habitable worlds. By stead of an R rating, which is absurd if who literally doesn’t have any backsto- villain. Now that I’ve order of the CEO of the corporation, you consider Venom’s violent and gory ry or motive and is in fact just evil for Carlton Drake (Ahmed), four samples storylines in the comics, which we the sake of being evil and because he watched the movie, it of the alien symbiote are brought back were deprived of in this movie because wants to, makes the movie that much to Earth. On the way back, one of the of the rating. The pacing is absolutely more unendurable. If I had to say one hurts me to say : I did symbiotes escapes the ship and goes on horrendous, and the events seem to be good thing about this movie, it would to eventually bond with Eddie Brock moving way too fast without giving the be the performance of Tom Hardy and not like this movie“ (Hardy), a journalist who’s previously audience the chance to reflect on what the relationship between Venom and had his share of problems with Drake, just happened. We clearly see this in Eddie Brock which was really enjoy- taking over Brock’s body and trans- the first 15 minutes of the movie which able at times and was the reason for the and I personally wouldn’t recommend forming him into a monstrous creature sees an extremely rapid dramatic few good scenes here and there that the wasting money on seeing it in theaters. called Venom. change in the story that feel way too movie had. But at the end of the day, Ever since Sony announced that they rushed and doesn’t make any sense, I really consider Venom a disappoint- were making a Venom movie that will and unfortunately that rapid change in ing start to Sony’s cinematic universe, AUIS VOICE 7 Volume 14, Issue 1 features DID: THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF DISORDER IN IRAQ

in a way or another: First, our politi- and then look at yourself as well. How cians who tend to have uncountable many of those you have seen are trust- alters. When our politicians go live on able people?How many of them have television, or are among people, many the same original personalities where promises and exaggerated words leave ever they go? AUISers now days are their mouth. As soon as they reach their more likely to be future slanders rather hideout, their alters take over and start than leaders. Now days it is so common to send death threats. Most recent ex- in AUIS to see a student befriending amples were Iraq and, soon after, Kurd- another student using a fake personal- istan general elections when we saw the ity, and later on talk behind their balk same faces, who had been ordering their or slandering them for no obvious rea- men, in past, to damage poor protestors son. That makes of many AUIS students asking for their basic rights, on televi- suffer from DID. To sum up this small sion begging the same damaged protest- piece of writing, we look much nicer ers for their votes. That is why it is like- when we are ourselves, so keep calm ly that our politicians are suffering from and have your own and only original what the alters have done. However, it DID. Second and the most important is personality. No one is in need for an al- REZ LATIF is not that Iraq and Kurdistan has many the example of AUISers. AUIS is meant ter. This way we can have better AUIS, DID stands for Dissociative cases of DID, rather it is people of Iraq to be different from other educational Kurdistan and Iraq. Identity Disorder, also known as mul- and Kurdistan tending to have multiple institutions in Iraq. It is meant to be a tiple personalities disorder, which is a personalities, and that is the problem place to develop the next generation of type of mental disorder in which the and cause of this article. We as Iraqis Iraqi and Kurdish leaders, leaders who patients have other personalities in- want to be fake. We like to be anyone are not like any of the existing leaders, As soon as side themselves, and their alters, other but ourselves. One day we do good, and leaders whose main goals are creating they reach their personalities, are completely different another our alter takes over to spread a better Iraq and Kurdistan. But lately hideout, their from the patients usual personality, they violence. Now I have not done any re- this feature of AUIS has been facing a alters take over also suffer from memory issue since downward trend. If you are an AUISer, and start to send search, but my proof is two examples death threats they are usually not able to remember that I am sure most of us have noticed take a minute and look around you, ENVIRONMENT KEEPER- RESEARCH CENTER DASHTY OTHMAN Let’s see what is Research Center of The role of the research center in that that will face each of us through using As we all know the current Environment Keeper’s club and what project was collecting data about the plastic bottles. Thus, they suggested environ did they do, as well as, what are they top five sellers of pesticides. The data reusable plastic bottles, so that we can ment of the worldwide has been pol- going to do? was collected in Erbil, , , avoid that enormous garbage from our luted considerably. Therefore, a group The Research Center of En- and Sulaimani. The collected data was community. The Research Center did of students in American university of vironment keeper’s club has opened given in graphs to the instructor. The that project in AUIS campus twice, Iraq- Sulaimani, (AUIS) has estab- by the second administration of that other project was “My Classmate” Komar University, and in Sulaimani lished the club in the name of “Envi- club since Fall of 2017. The aim of project. The aim of that project was to University, then sent all the collected ronment Keepers” in 2015. They invest this sector is doing scientific research show the rate of plastic bottles con- plastic bottles to the factory to recycle all their time and energy on working on the environmental issues existed sumption in AUIS campus in a week. all these plastics. to serve their community through the in our community and showing them Based on the data collected through the The research center of Envi- environmental projects. Unlike most all to the public through the academic survey in AUIS Dorms and cafeterias, ronment keeper’s club has planned clubs that are existed in the AUIS cam- and analyzed data that are collected the rate of consuming was 17.460 plas- to work on E-waste project for this pus and outside of that campus, this through the survey and questionnaire. tic bottles (0.33 litters) in a week! They semester. The purpose of that project is club has several sub sectors that active- In the last two semesters, the collected thousands of plastic bottles to know how many electrical products ly work on the cleaning the environ- Research Center of environment keep- and created human bodies labelled the have been thrown away by the AUIS ment, such as finance, publicity, E.K. er’s club worked on two main projects. majors of AUIS and staffs meaning students since the last 5 years, and Production, Research Center and other First of them was the “Pesticide Proj- that we are all responsible for this huge showing an environmental solution or sections. Each of these subsections are ect”. That project was done to help one trash thrown to the community just in ways to deal with the disposed electri- designed to work for the keeping of en- of the AUIS instructors who wanted to one week. They also mentioned health, cal products. vironment based on their specific tasks. prepare research report on that topic. financial, and environmental issues 8 AUIS VOICE Volume 14, Issue 1 SCIENCE AUIS BIZZARRO

walls and consequently 24 focuses on my unusual de- even paler students, squeezed meanor today. The odd thing into a square box of capital- that will silence 24 minds, is ism. Eager to comprehend an not the demand of the instruc- inexplicable reality. I turn on tor’s manual. It is the simple my headphones. An exces- question, of a tissue paler than sive amount of words detained their faces and the walls of their swallowed designation of this room combined. My eyes the originated utility of sound start tearing. I tear my tissue source. apart, facing their shocked An individual’s eyes facades of countenance. I raise in the corner. What if the my voice. “It is not my tissue glance of his canthus mirrors a that wipes my tears, but the rough breakdown of a recently trees of the earth beneath my overcome despair? Is it fair to feet. Yet I step on it every day ask the same questions to the in ungrateful disgrace. Com- crowd of diverse faces? I ask plain about the rain that ruined myself a question. What about my day, and grew the tree in the wisdom buried in silence? which I drown my sorrows in. What about the rather acerbic We waste our tears, confident abhorrence of the remaining of our 70 percent water consis- silent jostled in between four tency. If water could only enter walls? Who am I to evoke it? our bodies once, and we were 20 year old left lateral ventricle, neighboring Corpus Callosum of intelligence, I protest. “I do not want you born with only 10 percent of to raise your hand. Please, it, would you not realize the consciousness, and self-awareness. Disposition: B-B1-06. Magnitude: 8:05 too late lower it. Instead, reflect over value of your sorrow? If you in the morning. unfairness imprinted onto found out this morning that distorted minds. I boycott the you only had one day left to and nothing all at once? While thing was amiss. DAHILA HIWA restricted persona of the ideal live, what would you do?” in Chinese they never speak in which the volume of voices to your soul, because of an The unusual rumbling noise determines the validation of infinite alphabet of continuous Diagnosis: Narcissist. of my professor’s headphones the definition of right.” We Diagnosis: Glioblastoma mul- expansion. An alphabet where Grade: F, fail shook the classroom. Strange- lost words are never spoken. tend to assume the acceptance tiforme (GBM), brain cancer, ly, he demanded me to elimi- of prime statements, as long life expectancy: 24 hours Out of all words, I choose nate all the background sound none. For ‘Silence’ is the most remaining in my mind. The displayed as- powerful of them all.” Grade: IV, astrocytoma, third sorted miniature album covers 24 presentations, all stage of Coldplay and Ed Sheeran ready. He never bothered to flickered by the pitch-black turn on the projector. “Per- pupil of my eye through the haps, this is the lesson of today selfie-filled black square box which you failed to learn, too An individual’s in my hand. Pause. “No words. busy preparing yourselves No words but the words of with words of formulas inap- eyes in the corner. your own, preaching that this plicable for a sphere which is heavenly sound of emptiness intrinsically unpredictable.” What if the glance contains more depth than The Redbull on his desk and of his canthus mir- entire iTunes. Not because it the dark circles beneath his defines correct; but because swollen eyelids hinted tire- rors a rough break- it denies it. The absolute top someness. 50 year old left lateral ventricle, neighboring frontal lobe of song of nothing but infinity: He asked me for a tis- self-control, judgment and emotional regulation. Disposition: down of a recently Silence.” sue. I passed one over simply B-B1-06. Magnitude: 8.05 too early in the morning. overcome despair? “If you could only to watch him rip it apart. An choose one word for the rest of hour wasted on presentation Is it fair to ask the your life, what would it be?” as they derive from a raising preparations, yet he wasted ‘Demand silence’. A repeated The professor stared at me. hand, forgetting to ask our- both my time and tissue while line in the Instructor’s guide same questions to “Out of all the letters, none selves what the best answer is. talking about appreciating passing through one ear with of them make sense! Unless Students stand up in the crowd of diverse trees. Hypocritical. The mo- an instantaneous exit through they belong to a language that rage, prepared with presenta- ment he cried, ‘demonstrating’ the other. Quiet, in a class- faces? I ask myself speaks to you. So who am I tions that supposedly lost their the worth of tissue as he called room crowded with zealous to choose ‘Worry’ and ‘Sor- purpose. I ask one of them it, I began questioning whether unstable temporal lobes? What a question. What row’, when in the language for a tissue. This particular or not he was still acting. He a hypocrisy, preaching si- they mean ultimately the same one seems odd in the way he about the wisdom began to shout. Perhaps some- lence to a room with four pale buried in silence? AUIS VOICE 9 Volume 14, Issue 1 HISTORY

MALALA YOUSAFZAI: FROM AN ASSASSINATION SURVIVOR TO THE YOUNGEST NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATE

HEDI RASHEED sion to promote female educa- tempt of assassination murder more. She started activism became the youngest Nobel tion. In 2011, she was awarded reached worldwide media to advocate for women and Prize winner. When receiving She was an ordinary Pakistan’s first National Youth coverage. People protested in young girl’s education with the prize, she reminded us no teenage girl who had a normal Peace Prize, and that resulted Pakistani cities. The Pakistani greater support received from matter what, her goal is stable life. After she woke up, she in being more recognized. government sought reactions international organizations. In by saying, “If I win Nobel would go to school and then Later on, she received death after millions of people signed 2013, she gave a powerful and Peace Prize, it would be a return back home to help her threats through social media Right to Education campaign’s meaningful speech and said, great opportunity for me, but if mother like any other girl. and newspapers that were petition. It resulted in the “The extremists were, and I don’t get it, it’s not important Her dream was to be a doc- slipped under her home’s door. ratification of the first Right they are, afraid of books and because my goal is not to get tor. Yet, what happened later Eventually, threats became to Education Bill which states pens. The power of education Nobel Peace Prize, my goal pushed her to enter the stage real. On October 9, 2012, that the state should provide frightens them. They are afraid is to get peace and my goal is of politics. In 2008, Yousafzai while she was trying to board free-of-cost education to of women... Let us pick up to see the education of every had suggested his 11 years the school bus, she was children aged 5-16. On Janu- our books and pens. They are child.” Later on, she found old daughter, Malala, to blog stopped and shot with a bul- ary 2013, doctors discharged our most powerful weapons.” Malala Fund to fight for girl’s anonymously about her life let to her face by a Taliban Malala from hospital to carry Following her speech at UN, education. Now, she continues for BBC Urdu. After the dust gunman. After the accident, on her rehabilitation at home. she published her autography to help young girls to raise settled in Mingora, Yousafzai’s she was moved to a hospital That phase of Malala’s under the name “I Am Malala: their voice. family returned to their home. in Peshawar. Later, Yousafzai life was revolutionary for her The Girl Who Stood Up for Finally, her identity was traveled to Germany and Bir- future. The murder attempt Education and Was Shot by the revealed in articles. That was mingham which has become did not stop her from advocat- Taliban,” and the book be- watershed to appear on televi- her second home. The at- ing, but rather encouraged her came a bestseller. In 2014, she HAS NORTH KOREA ALWAYS BEEN PRONE TO GLOBAL SECURITY?

detailed information about test cratic People Republic of to carry cross-continental been called “Century Summit” RAWEZH REBEEN location and the amount of the Korea (DPRK)’s economy to nuclear warheads: the most ef- due to its importance, in which October 9th marks the nuke that have been radiated its lowest level. North Korean fective way to deliver nuclear the two leaders met and signed 12th anniversary of the North and tested. According to South nuclear program dates back to bomb. DPRK has vowed, in a joint statement; agreed to Korea’s first ever nuclear Korean media, the test has 1956 when the Soviet Union many occasions, that they are security guarantees to North weapon test. In 2006, North been conducted in the North began to train North Korean working on long range mis- Korea, new peaceful relation- Korean officials proclaimed Hamgyong Province; soon scientists and engineers, giv- siles that can reach the United ships, and denuclearization of that they have become the after the test, the world super ing them basic “knowledge” States mainland. Since Kim the latter. Chairman Jong-Un ninth country that have ob- powers such as the United to initiate a nuclear program. Jong-Un came to power seven promised US president that tained nuclear weapon capa- States, Britain and China Then, in 1959, North Korean years ago, more than 60 ballis- DPRK will halt their nuclear bilities. Korean Central News condemned North Korean this and the USSR signed a nuclear tic missiles have been tested. program, so, during the recent Agency (KCNA) proudly re- action. The United Nations cooperation agreement. North Respectively, Bill Clinton and North Korean annual military ported that “It makes a historic Security Council had warned Korea was successful in im- George W. Bush were unsuc- parade in their national day, no event as it greatly encouraged North Korean leaders two days proving its nuclear program cessful in stopping North Ko- missiles were demonstrated. and pleased North Korean prior to the test that the action through previous years and rea’s nuclear program through Today tensions have been army and people that wished could lead to severe conse- somehow proved that that they negotiations. Tensions between calmed down even though to have powerful self-reliant quences. The test brought are a powerful and dangerous US and North Korea were there seems to be a mutual dis- defense capacity”. Since North Korea into a whole new country. North Korea’s con- growing until Donald Trump trust between the two countries North Korea has been a secre- era in which the country faced tinuous efforts were helpful in and Kim Jong-Un had their about the slow implementation tive state, it has been difficult severe economic sanctions by creating inter-continental bal- historical “Singapore Summit” of their terms. for other countries to obtain the US that weakened Demo- listic missiles that are capable meeting. The summit has also AUIS VOICE 10 Volume 14, Issue 1 IT & FICTION THE PARADOX OF CHOICE

BAWAN HOSHYAR was certainly what made me what to do. But I put an end to Not finding interest in my first the anxiety must have gone Choice: an act of sampling of all these choices, away. I must have a clear vi- choosing between two or more reminded me of all the expec- sion by now. But that is not the possibilities. It sounds like the tation that were set for me and case. Even though IT excites perfect scenario, doesn’t it? how I might become a disap- me more than anything I have You have the power to choose pointment after all these years ever encountered in my life, it your path in life without any- of excelling in my academic definitely is not easy to go into one forcing you into a field that life. Nonetheless, I took an IT a field that is completely new will make you miserable for the course the semester after. Now, to me. Everything ahead of me rest of your life. But with great this was a revolutionary period is pitch black because I don’t power, comes great responsi- for sure. I instantly fell in love know how good I can be even bilities and even greater anxi- with everything I encountered if I am completely dedicated. ety. In this article I will discuss in that class. I got a rush every I don’t know which path in IT how I came to choose IT as a ca- time I made a program. In fact, to take. But I discovered one reer and what difficulties I en- I wasn’t satisfied with the how thing, you will never be com- countered during the making of little the course gave me so I fortable if you are improving. this decision. When I first came started to pursue knowledge This haunting anxiety and the to the University, I was fixated persionalExcellence.com outside the classroom. During feeling of not being at ease will on majoring in Engineering. the summer, I started study- always come back to you, be- The cause for this might be that ing an online computer science cause you will always be in a our society worships certain feel a responsibility towards that. I decided to blindly take course that a friend of mine position of making important professions, or how most of exploring other fields that I courses from other majors. The suggested. Shortly, after finish- decisions in your life. So, don’t the people I looked up to in my had no familiarity with what- first two I settled on were an ing that course, I was certain overthink stuff, because you life were in these professions. soever. In brief, everything economics and an accounting that this is the field I wanted will probably realize just like This reality put a lot of pressure was going great, but that didn’t course. Throughout the dura- to pursue. This is what excited me, that during all the time you on me to continue the cycle. last for long. What I didn’t see tion of these courses I realized me. Since then I have come a have spent thinking about do- But I was fortunate enough to coming, is how the amount of that even though the field of long way. Recently, I started ing something, you could have study in a university where the choices I had made me feel lost business is interesting, I had no studying for a certificate in net- actually done it and would have choice you made about your and how anxious I was feeling interest to pursue a career in it. working and I also started tak- had a more practical view of it. career, wasn’t going to be with during this period of my life. I didn’t find that rush of excite- ing online courses in program- you forever. YOU HAD THE I didn’t know how to start or ment that I was looking forward ming alongside my university POWER TO CHOOSE WHAT where to start from. I was just to. Consequently, I became courses. After all what I have YOU WANTED. This concept sitting around thinking about very anxious during the break. told you, you would think all CRISIS AND CRAVING: STORIES OF 1997

food to not die and live through more been watched by her neighbor and went wanted to stare at them forever, since ROZA AZIZ foodless days. Food is basically flour home. Her neighbor had been craving they were sure they will not have the and each family crafted a small oven for oranges for a while but could not chance to see oranges from that close The First Story: The Man and out of iron, so that they bake bread and buy them because he was very poor. He distance that soon. They thought they Oranges eat it with water. If a family is very decided to visit the woman’s house af- are in heaven till someone knocked the A financial crisis has cursed the city in a lucky, they will have yogurt or tea to ter dinner, so that they will serve him door and ruined their imagination. They way that people stay hungry for most of eat with the bread. Because of that cri- oranges. The poor man was the house’s were all surprised when they saw their the time. People can hardly get enough sis, most people crave certain foods and guest till twelve midnight to eat an or- neighbor is back again. He immediate- that makes them to do incredible things ange. He did not know that the oranges ly put his eyes on the oranges and said to get those foods. One of the most fa- are kept only for the family, since it was “O…O…O…Olive socks, I forgot to mous stories is the story of the man and only one kilo of oranges not a lot. With take my olive socks.” He obviously did oranges. Because fruits are the second- a broken heart and a craving stomach he not want to go home, he actually did not ary food that people eat, a buyer would got up and said goodbye to the family. go. He just left his socks intentionally put fruits in black plastic bags, so that All of the family members sat down and and waited outside for a few minutes other people will not see it and desire opened the bag of oranges with mouth- till the family will take out the oranges. it. Also the buyer would eat the fruits watering and sparkling eyes. The chil- The family invited him to eat oranges without being worried that someone dren clapped when they saw the or- with them, because their secret was re- has seen the fruits he/she has bought. anges. You can see the round shape of vealed by now. Verywellfit.com The woman bought a kilo of oranges them was fitting to reflect in their iris and put them in a black plastic bag and eyes. It is as if the mother had found a told the shopkeeper “May Allah bless bag of gold that none of them had the you”. She did not know that she has courage to touch or eat them. They just AUIS VOICE 11 Volume 14, Issue 1 POLITICS POLITICAL ISLAM HAS FAILED IN KURDISTAN became the Kurdistan Islamic HOVAR ABDULLA Group (KIG). The Islamic Parties (KIU) entered the po- have won nearly 12 seats litical arena in the 1992 Kurd- in the Iraqi Kurdistan Par- ish parliament elections as a liamentary election of 2018 non-jihadist political entity, altogether, while the secular while Jund al-Islam stayed on parties won the majority of the line of Jihadism. However, the votes. The Islamists have in the early 2000s most of the proved to be subordinated, and Jund al-Islam members were always an unlikely alternative, slaughtered by the secular par- to the both secular leading ties, and then liquidized into parties, namely the Kurdistan a non-Jihadist political party, Democratic Party and the Pa- the Kurdistan Islamic Group triotic Union of Kurdistan. The (KIG). As for (KIU), the party majority of the Kurds from the sustained their being as a non- Iraqi Kurdistan are Muslims, jihadist party ever since. yet the political Islamists have Nevertheless, the failed to collect people’s votes; Jihadist and the non-Jihadist however AKP, the ruling- versions of the Islamic move- Islamic party in Turkey, is ments have never been great, The logos of Islamic Union, Islamic Group, Islamic Movement of Kurdistan an exception, as it rules in a powerful and influential forces would be altered to an Islamic The other reason to the un- in the results of the latest elec- secularly-established country. within the Kurdish politi- identity, while the Kurdish so- popularity of the Islamic tion, which were not satisfac- The Islamic move- cal ground; their low esteem ciety demanded an established Movements in the region is the tory enough. ments in Kurdistan trace back compared to a powerful ruling Kurdish government built contradiction and clashes of In my perspective, I to the early 1950s as Dr. Hadi party a AKP divides into two around the Kurdish national- ideologies within the different would think, regardless of Ali, former Chairman of Kurd- major eras, the political and ism. Most recently, the Islamic Islamic movements in Kurd- their power in the political are- istan Islamic Union’s Politi- ideological atmosphere prior State (Daesh) took over parts istan after the uprisings of na, the Islamic parties’ fashion cal Bureau, explains after the and past the 1991 uprisings. of Syria and Iraq and reached 1991. The lack of ideological will be assistive in the creation fall of monarchy in Iraq, the Prior to 1991, the as far as Makhmoor, a town unification within the Islamists of totalitarian regimes, such as Iraqi Islamic Party was formed (IMK) have occasionally near Erbil in the hope of creat- in Kurdistan created a ground the one of Iran. For instance, and inspired by the Muslim fought against the Saddam ing a unified Islamic State where the two sides and the the short-termed ruling of the Brotherhood of Egypt, and the Hussein’s regime beside the that was the dream of most supporters of them were in Ansar al-Islam in the Kurdish Islamic Parties were secular Peshmarga forces, yet of the Muslims; on the other a political paradigm. KIU’s and Hawraman provinces in born out of the Iraqi Islamic they were never able to gain hand, the Islamic Parties in the agenda have revolved around the late 1990s and early 2000s Party. Hence, in 1980s, the Is- the mass mobilization as their Kurdistan Region were under a more lenient Islamism, while led to imposing Islamic values lamic Movement of Kurdistan Islamic ideology was barely the pressure of the Kurdish (IMK) and (KIG) are adhered on their people, while they are (IMK) was formed as jihad- overlapping with the ideology government, political parties to a more radical version, each norms now, they were firstly ists; and later after the 1991 of Kurdish nationalism. As and society to not only oppose to a different and inconsistent took root through force. uprisings, it dissolved into radical islamists, (IMK) were the Daesh’s ideology but to extent. And later on, the con- the Kurdistan Islamic Union derived to establish an Islamic hold arms against them, too. sequence of the clash appeared (KIU) and Jund al-Islam, later state where Kurdish identity AUIS VOICE Volume 14, Issue 1 STAFF REFERENCE

HALAKWT MAHDI DAVAR MOHAMMED MOHAMMED KAMARAN SUREN NIZAMADIN GHID MOHAMMED ZHINA QADIR DALYA SAMAN Designer Editor-in-Chief Deputy Editor-in-Chief Editor Editor Editor Editor

AKEEL ABBAS Faculty Advisor 12 AUIS Voice SPONSER

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