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Active Collection of Sunflower Wild Helianthus

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Active Collection of Sunflower Wild Helianthus Lucrări Ştiinţifice – vol. 61(1)/2018, seria Agronomie ACTIVE COLLECTION OF SUNFLOWER WILD HELIANTHUS SPECIES FROM NARDI FUNDULEA AND THEIR USE FOR THE INTROGRESSION OF RESISTANCE GENES TO THE RACES OF BROOMRAPE PRESENT IN ROMANIA IN CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER Florin Gabriel ANTON1,2, Maria PĂCUREANU JOIŢA1, Luxita RÎŞNOVEANU3,4, Elisabeta SAVA5 e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Annual wild and perennial sunflower species are used in sunflower breeding programs for resistance to various biotic and abiotic factors. For increase the variability inside sunflower must use this species who represent a valuable gene pool. The parasite broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr) is a danger to the sunflower culture in Romania, especially in the southeastern part of the country where the most virulent races are present. The identification of new sources of resistance to the attack of this parasite is a priority in the sunflower breeding program from NARDI Fundulea. We have in our collection at NARDI Fundulea, mine perennial wild species and six annual wild species of sunflower and we cross gene from this species in elite line for improving resistance at parasite broomrape and other diseases of sunflower. By crossing the wild sunflower species with different cultivated sunflower genotypes, we obtained interspecific hybrids that are tolerant to more than race G and H of broomrape from area Braila in year 2017. These interspecific hybrids are sources of resistance to the races of broomrape present in Romania and can be used in breeding programs to obtain commercial hybrids of sunflower. Key words: sunflower, broomrape, wild species, resistance, testing In romanian agriculture, sunflower 2014; Seiler G. et al, 2017). (Helianthus annuus L.) is principal oilseed crop The most virulent regions from Romania and for that we must obtain sunflower hybrids with infested with broomrape is Braila, Tulcea, and high oil content (more than 52%), resistant to Constanta with races more than G. (Păcureanu principal diseases: downy mildew (Plasmopara Joiţa M., 2014; Rîşnoveanu L. et al, 2016; Anton halstedii), sunflower stalk and head rot (Scleotinia F.G. et al, 2016). sclerotiorum), sunflower rust (Puccinia helianthi For the broomrape parasite (Orobanche Schwein), Phomopsis brown stem canker cumana Wallr), resistance genes have been (Diaporthe helianthi/Phomopsis helianthi Munt), identified in wild sunflower species. Wild annual Verticillium wilt (Verticilium dahliae Kleb.), species poses resistance at broomrape at race E: Phoma black stem (Phoma macdonaldii Boerma), Helianthus annuus and Helianthus debilis ssp. Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria helianthi Hansf.), Debilis; at race E-F: Helianthus deserticola and Rhizopus head rot (Rhizopus spp.), Powdery Helianthus exilis; at races E-H: Helianthus mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. Ex Meret), argophyllus and Helianthus petiolaris. (Christov Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina Tassi M. et al, 2009; Antonova T.S. et al, 2011; Terzic Goid) who limitate seed yield. For sunflower S. et al, 2010, 2016; Seiler G., 2018). breeding, wild species of genus Helianthus (12 Inbread line derived from Helianthus annual and 39 perennial) represent a very deserticola and Helianthus anomalus was resistant important resources for resistance to many to race E to broomrape (Hladni N. et. al, 2009, pathogens and parasite broomrape Orobanche 2010; Fernandez-Martinez J., 2000). Gene Ordeb cumana Wallr. (Christov M., 2013; Jan C. et al, was identified in Spain in inbred line derived from 1 NARDI Fundulea, Calarasi 2 University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest 3 ARDS, Braila 4 „Dunarea de Jos” University, Galati 5 The State Institute for Variety Testing and Registration, Bucharest 101 Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară Iaşi H. debilis subsp. Tardiflorus who have resistance Helianthus pauciflorus and Helianthus resinosus; at race G of broomrape (Velasco L. et al, 2012). at race F: Helianthus hirsutus, Helianthus Gene Orpral was identying in annual wild specie grosseserratus; at race F-G: Helianthus Helianthus praecox who give resistance at race G divaricatus, Helianthus eggertii, Helinthus smithii (Sayago A. et al, 2018). and Helianthus tuberosus (Jan C. et al, 2000; From interspecific hybridization between Christov M., 2013; Anton F.G. et al, 2017). perennial species with sunflower cultivated was In our active collection we have 9 wild obtained inbread line resitance at race E-F: perennial species with 31 accesions and 6 wild Helianthus maximiliani, Helianthus nuttallii, annual species with 24 accesions (table 1). Table 1 Active collection with annual and perennial wild species of genus Helianthus from NARDI Fundulea No. Annual/ Head Flowering time Species Origin Height field Perennial diameter Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 P 1 M Perennial 250 cm 3 cm End of September maximiliani GT-M-017 P 2 M Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 Beginning of Perennial 300 cm 3 cm maximiliani GT-M-017A October Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 P3 M Perennial 210 cm 1.5 cm Middle of June maximiliani GT-M-177 P4 M Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 Beginning of Perennial 240 cm 1.7 cm maximiliani GT-M-018 October Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 P 5 M Perennial 185 cm 2.5 cm Beginning of August maximiliani GT-M-175 P 6 H Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 Perennial 250 cm 1.7 cm Middle of July hirsutus GT-M-164 P 7 D Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 Perennial 190 cm 1.7 cm Middle of July decapetalus GT-M-171 P 8 St Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 Perennial 250 cm 2 cm Beginning of August strumosus GT-M-110 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 P 9 Mo Perennial 165 cm 2.5 cm Beginning of July mollis GT-M-082A Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 P 10 St Perennial 225 cm 2 cm End of July strumosus GT-M-059 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 P 11 T Perennial 240 cm 1 cm End of August tuberosus GT-M-146 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 P 12 Di Perennial 160 cm 1.5 cm Beginning of July divaricatus GT-M-129 Helianthus Romania 2016 P 13 T Perennial 270 cm 1.7 cm End of July tuberosus FD-T-13 Helianthus Romania 2016 P 14 M Perennial 180 cm 1 cm End of June maximiliani FD-M-14 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 P 15 G Perennial 265 cm 2 cm Beginning of August giganteus GT-M-153 Helianthus Romania 2016 Beginning of P 16 T Perenial 240 cm 2 cm tuberosus FD-T-16 September Helianthus Romania 2016 P 17 T Perennial 215 cm 2 cm End of July tuberosus FD-T-17 Helianthus Romania 2016 P 18 T Perennial 290 cm 2 cm End of July tuberosus FD-T-18 Helianthus Romania 2016 P 19 T Perennial 270 cm 2 cm End of July tuberosus FD-T-19 Helianthus Romania 2016 P 20 T Perennial 275 cm 2 cm End of July tuberosus FD-T-20 Helianthus Romania 2016 P 21 T Perennial 275 cm 2 cm End of July tuberosus FD-T-21 Helianthus Romania 2016 P 22 T Perennial 260 cm 2 cm End of July tuberosus FD-T-22 Helianthus Romania 2016 P 23 T Perennial 260 cm 2 cm End of July tuberosus FD-T-23 Helianthus Serbia 2016 P 24 G Perennial 175 cm 1.5 cm Middle of August giganteus GIG 2017 P 25 Helianthus Serbia 2016 Perennial 190 cm 0.7 cm Beginning of August Gro groseratus GRO 2022 P 26 Helianthus Serbia 2016 Perennial 195 cm 1.5 cm End of July Gro groseratus GRO 2039 P 27 T Perennial Helianthus Serbia 2016 120 cm 3 cm End of July 102 Lucrări Ştiinţifice – vol. 61(1)/2018, seria Agronomie tuberosus TUB 15 Helianthus Serbia 2016 P 28 T Perennial 140 cm 1 cm End of July tuberosus TUB 1704 Helianthus Serbia 2016 P 30 M Perennial 120 cm 1 cm Middle of June maximiliani MAX 041 Helianthus Serbia 2016 P 31 M Perennial 65 cm 0.5 cm End of June maximiliani MAX 2195 Helianthus Serbia 2016 P 32 M Perennial 140 cm 0.7 cm Middle of June maximiliani MAX 2227 No. Annual/ Species Origin Height Head diameter field Perennial Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 A 1 Ne Annual 115 cm 2.5 cm neglectus 017 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 A 2 De Annual 140 cm 2 cm debilis 014 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 A 3 De Annual 150 cm 2.5 cm debilis 136 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 A 4 De Annual 120 cm 2 cm debilis 137 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 A5 Pe Annual 80 cm 2 cm petiolaris 020 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 A6 Pe Annual 130 cm 1.5 cm petiolaris 022 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 A7 Pe Annual 125 cm 2 cm petiolaris 023 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 A8 Pe Annual 130 cm 2.5 cm petiolaris 142 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 A9 Pr Annual 125 cm 2 cm praecox 145 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 A10 Pr Annual 120 cm 2 cm praecox 148 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 A11 Pr Annual 135 cm 2 cm praecox 150 Helianthus Bulgaria 2014 A12 Pr Annual 120 cm 2.5 cm praecox 151 A13 Helianthus Romania 2014 Annual 140 cm 2 cm Arg argophyllus FD-ARG-13 Helianthus Serbia 2016 A14 An Annual 160 cm 3 cm annuus A 03 Helianthus Serbia 2016 A16 An Annual 195 cm 4cm annuus ANN 0340 Helianthus Serbia 2016 A20 An Annual 75 cm 1.5 cm annuus ANN 2201 A21 Helianthus Serbia 2016 Annual 165 cm 3 cm Arg argophyllus ARG 1317 Helianthus Serbia 2016 A23Arg Annual 200 cm 3.3 cm argophyllus ARG 1677 A24 Helianthus Serbia 2016 Annual 185 cm 3 cm Arg argophyllus ARG 1805 MATERIAL AND METHOD RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS We collected broomrape seeds from Braila Wild species have a low germination and area in year 2017 and we tested in year 2018, in because of that is very difficult to obtain many artificial condition, in greenhouse in Fundulea, mature plant. We tested only annual species for resistance at bromrape of annual species of genus resistance to broomrape with the best germination.
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