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2018 NAEP Geography Framework Is the Same Framework That Was First Developed for the 1994 NAEP Geography Assessment

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2018 NAEP Geography Framework Is the Same Framework That Was First Developed for the 1994 NAEP Geography Assessment Geography Framework for the 2018 National Assessment of Educational Progress GEOGRAPHY FRAMEWORK for the 2018 NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS NATIONAL ASSESSMENT GOVERNING BOARD U.S. Department of Education THE NATIONAL ASSESSMENT GOVERNING BOARD U.S. Department of Education THE NATIONAL ASSESSMENT GOVERNING BOARD The National Assessment Governing Board was created by Congress in 1988 as an independent, nonpartisan board to set policy for the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), also known as The Nation’s Report Card. In overseeing The Nation’s Report Card, the Governing Board identifies subjects to be tested, determines the content and achievement levels for each assessment, approves all test questions, and takes steps to improve the reporting of results. The Governing Board is responsible for communicating NAEP results to a wide range of audiences. MEMBERS Honorable John Engler, Chair Honorable James Geringer Honorable Beverly Perdue Former Governor of Michigan Former Governor of Wyoming Former Governor of North Former President Director of Policy and Public Sector Carolina Business Roundtable Strategies Managing Director McLean, Virginia Environmental Systems Research Perdue Strategy Group Institute New Bern, North Carolina Tonya Matthews, Vice Chair Cheyenne, Wyoming President and CEO B. Fielding Rolston Michigan Science Center Andrew Dean Ho Chairman Detroit, Michigan Professor Tennessee State Board of Education Harvard Graduate School of Kingsport, Tennessee Dana K. Boyd Education Principal Linda P. Rosen Harvard University East Point Elementary School Former Chief Executive Officer Cambridge, Massachusetts El Paso, Texas Change the Equation Carol Jago Washington, D.C. Alberto M. Carvalho Associate Director Superintendent Cary Sneider California Reading and Literature Miami-Dade County Public Visiting Scholar Project at UCLA Schools Portland State University Oak Park, Illinois Miami, Florida Portland, Oregon Terry Mazany Gregory J. Cizek Honorable Ken Wagner Former President and CEO Guy B. Phillips Distinguished Commissioner for Elementary and Chicago Community Trust Professor of Educational Secondary Education Chicago, Illinois Measurement and Evaluation Rhode Island Department of University of North Carolina Dale Nowlin Education Chapel Hill, North Carolina Teacher and Mathematics Providence, Rhode Island Department Chair Tyler W. Cramer Chasidy White Bartholomew Consolidated School CEO/Manager Director of Strategic Initiatives Corporation Remarc Associates, LLC Office of the Superintendent Columbus, Indiana San Diego, California Alabama Department of Education Honorable Jeanette Nuñez Frank K. Fernandes Montgomery, Alabama State Legislator Principal Joe Willhoft Florida House of Representatives, Kaimuki Middle School Consultant District 119 Honolulu, Hawaii Former Executive Director Miami, Florida Rebecca Gagnon Smarter Balanced Assessment Joseph M. O’Keefe, S.J. Chair Consortium Fellow and Scholar of Residence Minneapolis Board of Education Tacoma, Washington Fordham University Graduate Minneapolis, Minnesota Ex-Officio Member School of Education Thomas Brock Shannon Garrison New York, New York Fourth-Grade Teacher Commissioner for Education Honorable Alice H. Peisch Solano Avenue Elementary School Research State Legislator Los Angeles, California Delegated Duties of the Director Massachusetts House of Institute of Education Sciences Representatives, 14th Norfolk U.S. Department of Education District Washington, D.C. Wellesley, Massachusetts Developed under contract number RN 91073001 by the Council of Chief State School Officers with the National Assessment Governing Board NATIONAL ASSESSMENT GOVERNING BOARD Honorable John Engler Chair Tonya Matthews Vice Chair William Bushaw Executive Director Lisa Stooksberry Deputy Executive Director Geography Assessment Framework for the 2018 National Assessment of Educational Progress. Developed for the National Assessment Governing Board under contract num­ ber RN 91073001 by the Council of Chief State School Officers. For further information, contact the National Assessment Governing Board: 800 N. Capitol St. NW Suite 825 Washington, DC 20002 www.nagb.gov January 2018 Publication Note The 2018 NAEP Geography Framework is the same framework that was first developed for the 1994 NAEP Geography Assessment. Continuity in the NAEP Geography Framework enables reporting of student achievement trends over time. This edition reflects updated dates and references to legislation, National Assessment Governing Board actions, and NAEP activi­ ties, including the 2018 transition to digital-based assessment. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface .......................................................................................................................................vii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ix Introduction .............................................................................................................................xi The National Assessment of Educational Progress........................................................xi Framework Development ................................................................................................ xiii Chapter One: The Nature of Geography Education and the Geography Curriculum ..........................................................................................................1 Mission Statement.................................................................................................................1 The Nature of Geography....................................................................................................2 Geography Tools, Analytical Concepts, and Skills ........................................................2 Geography in the Curriculum ............................................................................................5 Chapter Two: Overview of the Framework for the 2018 NAEP Geography Assessment ...........................................................................................................9 The NAEP Geography Assessment ................................................................................ 10 Overview of Assessment Content Dimension............................................................. 12 Content Area One: Space and Place .............................................................................. 12 Content Area Two: Environment and Society ............................................................ 13 Content Area Three: Spatial Dynamics and Connections........................................ 14 Overview of Assessment Cognitive Dimension.......................................................... 16 Chapter Three: Specifics of the Framework for the 2018 NAEP Geography Assessment ....................................................................................................... 17 Content Domain ................................................................................................................ 17 Content Area One: Space and Place .............................................................................. 17 Content Area Two: Environment and Society ............................................................ 22 Content Area Three: Spatial Dynamics and Connections........................................ 28 v Chapter Four: Characteristics of the Assessment ....................................................... 37 General Recommendations.............................................................................................. 37 Item Pool Recommendations .......................................................................................... 38 Content Dimension........................................................................................................... 39 Cognitive Dimension........................................................................................................ 41 Achievement Levels in Geography................................................................................. 43 Descriptions of NAEP Geography Achievement by Grade Level........................... 44 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 49 References ............................................................................................................................... 51 Appendix A: The Framework Development Process..................................................... 55 Appendix B: NAEP Geography Framework Project Team, Steering Committee Members, and Planning Committee Members ................................................................ 61 vi PREFACE By the National Assessment Governing Board For more than a generation, geography has been badly neglected in American schools. The consequence is widespread ignorance of our own country and of its place in the world. In preparing the content framework for this exam, the National Assessment Governing Board was guided by the conviction that a broad knowledge of geography is an essential part of a full educa­ tion. This is particularly true at a time when the lives of nearly all of our citizens are deeply affected by what happens throughout the world. The impact comes not only from political and diplomatic events, but also—and at times more powerfully—from the cross­ currents of an increasingly global economy. With this in mind, the committees of researchers,
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