SANDAG

APRILINFO 2002, NO. 1 THREE DOLLARS

MAPPING THE CENSUS: RACE AND ETHNICITY IN THE REGION INTRODUCTION

Table of Contents Census 2000 provides a fresh look at the demographics of people living in the San Diego region and across the nation. The census was conducted in April 2000, and the first local information from the census was released in summer 2001. The U. S. Census Bureau prepares this information for the purpose Map 1 ...... 5 of redrawing local, state, and federal legislative districts. It consists of population counts Population Density, San Diego Region by race and Hispanic origin for the voting age population (age 18 and older) and those under 18.

This INFO contains eleven maps prepared from this initial census data that illustrate the population distribution and the ethnic diversity of the San Diego region as well as other characteristics and trends, Map 2 ...... 7 such as the percent of the population that is under age 18 and population change since 1990. Population Percent Hispanic information by ethnicity is among the most frequently requested data from the census and SANDAG.

Through summer 2002, other information from Census 2000 is being released for census tracts, cities, communities, and other geographic areas. This information includes housing characteristics such as Map 3 ...... 9 owner/renter status, persons per household, marital status, ancestry, income, education, occupation, Percent Non-Hispanic White and commute characteristics. SANDAG will publish census data on our Web site (www.sandag.org) as it becomes available.

A variety of census information and resources are available from the Demographics and Other Data Map 4 ...... 11 section of our Web site, including the Data WareHouse (which allows the user to download data in text form or directly into a spreadsheet) and the Profile WareHouse (formatted profiles of the most Percent Non-Hispanic Black or frequently requested data). Customized data, reports, and maps also are available through SourcePoint, African American a nonprofit corporation chartered by SANDAG. For information on these and other SourcePoint services, call (619) 595-5353.

Map 5 ...... 13 Percent Non-Hispanic Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Other Pacific Islander

2 Map 6 ...... 15 Percent Non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native Population by Race and Ethnicity In the census, race and Hispanic origin are two separate and distinct concepts. The questions on race and Hispanic origin are asked of every individual in the nation. The question on Hispanic origin asks respondents if they are Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino. The question on race asks respondents to identify Map 7 ...... 17 the race or races they considered themselves to be. People of Hispanic origin can be of any race. In this Percent Two or More Races report, Maps 3–6 depict the geographic distribution of the non-Hispanic segment of each race group.

For the first time in the 210-year history of the census, respondents to Census 2000 were allowed to identify themselves as being in more than one race group. The overwhelming majority of people in Map 8 ...... 19 this region, , and across the nation report only one race. Just under five percent of San Diego Percent of Population Under 18 region and California residents identify themselves as being in more than one race group, about double the national percent.

Because the Census Bureau now reports multiple-race categories, racial information in the 2000 census Map 9 ...... 21 is not directly compatible with racial data from the 1990 census. Thus, change data is only presented Change in Total Population, 1990 - 2000 for the total population, the Hispanic population, and the non-Hispanic population.

Map 10 ...... 23 Change in Hispanic Population, 1990 - 2000

Map 11 ...... 25 Change in Non-Hispanic Population, 1990 - 2000

What the Maps Show ...... 26

3 INFO SANDAG/SourcePoint April 2002, No. 1 MAP 1

Population Density, San Diego Region Throughout much of the 20th century, most of the San Diego region’s population lived within an 8- to 10-mile radius of the downtown San Diego area. During the 1950s and 1960s, limited developable land in this area, accompanied by the post-World War II population boom and a desire for larger Each decade, the Census homes and yards, caused population growth to shift eastward. With large amounts of vacant land, northern San Diego County absorbed much of the region’s dramatic population gains of the 1970s Bureau calculates the center of and 1980s. population—the place where an As Map 1 shows, the region is still most densely populated* in the area south of . However, there is significant population density north of that area along the Interstate 5, Interstate imaginary map of the United 15, and Highway 78 corridors. Areas of particularly concentrated population are found in Oceanside, States would balance perfectly if Vista, Escondido, and the City of San Diego communities of Carmel Valley (east of Del Mar), west of Interstate 15 in Rancho Peñasquitos and Mira Mesa, and near Interstate 5 in University City and all 281,421,906 residents were of Crown Point/Pacific Beach. identical weight. The 2000 center *Population density is calculated as the total population in a census tract divided by the total square miles of land area contained in the census tract. of population, near Edgar Springs, Missouri, is more than 1,000 miles from the first center in 1790, which was located near Chestertown, Maryland.

4 INFO SANDAG/SourcePoint April 2002, No. 1 5 MAP 2

Percent Hispanic Hispanics are those individuals who respond “yes” to the “Hispanic origin” question on the 2000 Census questionnaire. Hispanics or Latinos are persons “of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.” More than three-fourths of In 2000, there were 750,965 Hispanics counted by the Census Bureau in the San Diego region, the nation’s Hispanic population representing 26.7 percent of the total population. The Hispanic population increase of 240,000 persons between 1990 and 2000 represents 76 percent of the region’s growth (316,000 persons) in the 10-year live in the West or South. The period. counties with the highest Hispanics are highly concentrated (more than 65% of a census tract’s population) in the southwest concentrations of Hispanics are part of the region, including Southeastern San Diego, National City, Chula Vista, and the San Ysidro border area. Smaller areas with high concentrations of Hispanics are found in some of the cities in located along the nation's North County, including parts of Oceanside, Vista, San Marcos, and Escondido. Hispanics also are concentrated in some of the more rural communities, comprising between 20 percent and 65 percent southwestern border. Among the 50 of the population in sections of Fallbrook, Ramona, Pala, Pauma Valley, Jamul, and East County. counties nationwide where Hispanics have low percentages of population (9% or less) in Del Mar and the area east of Interstate 5 in the vicinity of Solana Beach and Encinitas. Other areas with low concentrations of Hispanics Hispanics comprise a majority of include Poway, Alpine, Coronado, La Jolla, Point Loma, and Torrey Pines. the total population, 43 are located in Texas or New .

6 INFO SANDAG/SourcePoint April 2002, No. 1 7 MAP 3

Percent Non-Hispanic White White persons have origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. Included in this category are persons who identify themselves as White, as well as those who wrote in entries such as Irish, German, Lebanese, or Arab on the census questionnaire. Map 3 includes Whites Non-Hispanic Whites who claim only one race and noted that they were “non-Hispanic.” A total of 1,548,833 people in the region (55% of the total population) identify themselves exclusively as non-Hispanic Whites. represent 69 percent of the Non-Hispanic Whites are fairly evenly distributed across the region, with a few exceptions. The highest nation's population, considerably concentrations of non-Hispanic Whites (more than 85% of a census tract’s population) can be found in the cities of Carlsbad, Encinitas, Solana Beach, Del Mar, Poway, La Mesa, Santee, and the coastal sections higher than the percentage in the of the City of San Diego. In addition, the communities of Fallbrook, Valley Center, San Diego Country San Diego region (55%) and Estates (east of Ramona), Julian, Lakeside, and Alpine also contain relatively high concentrations of non- Hispanic Whites. California (47%). Maine has the There are relatively low percentages of non-Hispanic Whites mostly south of Interstate 8, including highest concentration of non- areas such as National City, parts of Chula Vista, and parts of the City of San Diego including Mid-City and the border area of San Ysidro. These areas have 15 percent or fewer non-Hispanic White residents. Hispanic Whites (97%), while Hawaii has the lowest concentration (23%).

8 INFO SANDAG/SourcePoint April 2002, No. 1 9 MAP 4

Percent Non-Hispanic Black or African American Black or African Americans have ancestral origins in the Black racial groups of Africa. Included in this category are persons who identify themselves as Black or African American (or write in a response such as Afro American, Haitian, or Nigerian). Map 4 includes Blacks or African Americans who claim only Black or African Americans one race and note that they are “non-Hispanic.” A total of 154,487 people in the region (5.5% of the total population) identify themselves exclusively as non-Hispanic Blacks. represent 12 percent of the nation’s Blacks or African Americans are concentrated in the Cities of Chula Vista, Imperial Beach, Lemon Grove, population, about double the Oceanside, parts of the City of San Diego, and in the unincorporated community of Spring Valley east of Lemon Grove. In many parts of these communities, Blacks or African Americans make up more than 15 percentage in the San Diego region percent of the population. Blacks or African Americans also represent relatively high shares of the (6%) and California (7%). More population in the military areas of the region. than half (54%) of the nation’s Throughout East County, the coastal Cities of Carlsbad, Encinitas, Solana Beach, Del Mar, and in most of the inland cities and communities in the northern part of the region, Blacks or African Americans African American population live in represent three percent or less of the population. the South, followed by the Northeast (19%), Midwest (19%), and West (8%).

10 INFO SANDAG/SourcePoint April 2002, No. 1 11 MAP 5

Percent Non-Hispanic Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Other Pacific Islander Asians have ancestral origins in the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders have ancestral origins in At four percent, the proportion Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. of Asian, Native Hawaiians, and Map 5 includes Asians, Native Hawaiians, and Other Pacific Islanders who claim only one race and noted that they are “non-Hispanic.” A total of 257,461 people in the region (9.1% of the total Pacific Islanders is lower in the population) identify themselves exclusively as non-Hispanic Asians or Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders. nation than in the San Diego region (9%) and California (11%). Generally speaking, the Asian and Pacific Islander population is located in urban and suburban areas in the western section of the region. The highest concentrations (more than 20% of the area's However, between 1990 and 2000, population) of Asians or Pacific Islanders are located in National City, eastern Chula Vista, and City of San Diego communities including Paradise Hills, Mira Mesa, and Rancho Peñasquitos. Areas of this population group increased at a low concentration (less than 2% of the population) include most of the eastern two-thirds of the region, and City of San Diego communities including Ocean Beach, Point Loma, and the faster rate (46%) nationwide neighborhoods immediately south and east of Centre City. compared to the state (34%) and the region (33%).*

*Population change percentages are approximate due to changes in race classifications between 1990 and 2000.

12 INFO SANDAG/SourcePoint April 2002, No. 1 13 MAP 6

Percent Non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native American Indians and Alaska Natives trace their ancestry to the original peoples of North, Central, and South America and maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment. Included in this category are people who identify themselves as being American Indian or Alaska Natives or denote Between 1990 and 2000, the their principal or enrolled tribe. Map 6 includes American Indians and Alaska Natives who claim only one race and note that they are “non-Hispanic.” A total of 15,253 people in the region (0.5% of American Indian and Alaska Native the total population) identify themselves exclusively as non-Hispanic American Indians or Alaska Natives. population grew at a faster rate The highest concentration (more than 0.7% of the area's total population) of American Indians and nationwide (26%) than in the San Alaska Natives can be found in the northeast and southeast sections of the county. The communities Diego region (21%). The rate of of Pala, Pauma Valley, Valley Center, Ramona and Julian in the north, and Alpine, Jamul, and Campo in the south, and well as the area northeast of Lakeside have a relatively high percentage of growth in the American Indian and American Indian and Alaska Native residents. The Pala/Pauma Valley area and adjacent eastern area are home to six different Indian tribes: Los Coyotes, San Pasqual, Pala, Pauma, La Jolla, and Alaska Native population in Rincon. The Campo is in the southeastern section of the county, while the Barona Indian reservation is located east of Santee. In addition, American Indians and Alaska natives are California (38%) exceeds both the concentrated on or near military bases. region and the nation.*

*Population change percentages are approximate due to changes in race classifications between 1990 and 2000.

14 INFO SANDAG/SourcePoint April 2002, No. 1 15 MAP 7

Percent Two or More Races The San Diego region, with 131,967 people (4.7%) claiming two or more races, has almost twice the national share of 2.5 percent. Of the multiracial people in the region, 93.2 percent (123,034) indicate two races, while only 6.8 percent (8,933) indicate three or more races. For the first time in the Four race group combinations account for nearly three-quarters of those reporting more than one race. 210-year history of the census, These are White/Other, White/Asian, White/American Indian, and White/Black. It should be noted that the “Other” category is composed largely of people of Hispanic origin who selected that race group respondents to Census 2000 were rather than one of the other race groups specified on the form. allowed to identify themselves as The highest concentrations of people selecting two or more races (more than 6.5% of the total population) being in more than one race group. are located in urban and suburban areas in the western section of the region. These areas are clustered in the central and southern sections of the City of San Diego, along the Interstate 15 corridor from Mira Although Census 2000 is the first Mesa to Escondido, and in the Cities of National City, Chula Vista, Oceanside, Imperial Beach, El Cajon, Lemon Grove, and the unincorporated community of Spring Valley. The lowest shares of population of major use of the new standards, all two or more races (less than 2.5%) are in the coastal cities and in most rural areas, notably the mountain and desert areas of East County. federal agencies must comply with the standards by 2003.

16 INFO SANDAG/SourcePoint April 2002, No. 1 17 MAP 8 POPULATION BY AGE

Percent of Population Under 18 According to the 2000 Census, 25.7 percent of the region’s population is under 18 years of age. Between 1990 and 2000, the region’s population under age 18 years increased by 18.4 percent, from 610,946 to 723,661. The rate of growth among young San Diegans is nearly twice that found for San The population under age 18 Diegans 18 years old and older. grew at a slightly faster rate The region's population under 18 is distributed throughout urban, suburban, and rural areas, notably in inland communities. Areas with the highest concentrations of people under 18, (more than 35% of between 1990 and 2000 in the San the population) are in Vista, San Marcos, Escondido, and in communities within the City of San Diego. These communities include areas stretching from Carmel Valley to Mira Mesa in the north, Sherman Diego region than in the nation. Heights to Encanto that are south and east of Centre City, and in the City Heights and San Ysidro The most rapid increase of any age areas. In the part of Tierrasanta (in the eastern part of the City of San Diego) that contains off-base Navy family housing, 54 percent of the population is under age 18. group nationwide is in the Most of the areas with the lowest percentages of persons under 18 tend to be found adjacent to the population ages 45 to 54, which coastline or in neighborhoods near large universities. The coastal communities stretching from Point Loma to Oceanside, areas around University of California San Diego and San Diego State University, grew by 49 percent. This increase as well as Centre City, Uptown, and Mission Valley all include areas in which 13 percent or less of the population is under age 18. is fueled mainly by the entry into this age group of the first of the baby boom generation.

18 INFO SANDAG/SourcePoint April 2002, No. 1 19 MAP 9 POPULATION CHANGE*

Change in Total Population, 1990 - 2000 Population growth during the 1990s was not evenly distributed across the region. Three concentrations of very high growth (6,000 additional residents or more) occurred in eastern Chula Vista in the south; Carmel Valley, Scripps Ranch, Mira Mesa, and Sabre Springs in the central inland part of the region; The 1990 to 2000 percentage and central Oceanside to the north. Other high population growth areas (3,001 to 6,000) are generally contiguous with the very high growth areas in North County and South Bay. increase in population for the Most parts of the region grew moderately (adding 3,000 or fewer people) between 1990 and 2000 and 27 nation, California, and the San percent of the region’s census tracts lost population during the decade. All of the areas with population losses are in the coastal and inland areas in the western sections of the region. Most of the region’s cities Diego region is nearly identical at contain one or more areas that lost population. The largest contiguous area of population loss extends about 13 percent. This marks the east from Interstate 15 into the Cities of El Cajon and Santee. It encompasses the City of San Diego neighborhoods of Tierrasanta, Del Cerro, Allied Gardens, and Navajo, Fletcher Hills in the City of El first time since California became Cajon, and the unincorporated community of Mount Helix. a state in 1850 that its growth rate * The maps in this section use census tract boundaries defined in 1990 to accurately reflect the true population change in these areas. has not been significantly higher than the nation’s and the first time since 1900 that San Diego’s growth rate has not exceeded California’s.

20 INFO SANDAG/SourcePoint April 2002, No. 1 21 MAP 10

Change in Hispanic Population, 1990 - 2000 Nearly all parts of the region experienced an increase in Hispanic population during the 1990s. The highest growth areas (greater than 3,000 increase) are found in the southern and northern areas of the western part of the region. In North County, areas of rapid growth include sections of Oceanside, Vista, he total population in the San T San Marcos, and Escondido. The City of San Diego experiences high increases in Hispanic population along the Interstate 805 corridor south of Interstate 8. There also are increases of more than 3,000 Diego region grew by 13 percent Hispanics in the fast growing communities in eastern Chula Vista. between 1990 and 2000. However, The few areas that lost Hispanic population include central San Diego, coastal areas from Coronado to the Hispanic population increased Del Mar, areas in Santee and east of Alpine, and a scattering of areas in North County. at more than triple the rate of the population as a whole (47%). Nationwide, while the total population grew at the about the same rate as the San Diego region, its Hispanic population grew faster with a 58 percent gain.

22 INFO SANDAG/SourcePoint April 2002, No. 1 23 MAP 11

Change in Non-Hispanic Population, 1990 - 2000

Census tracts with growth in excess of 3,000 non-Hispanics during the last decade are found primarily in the north inland part of the region, areas north of State Route 52 between Interstate 5 and Interstate 15, and in Otay Mesa, eastern Chula Vista, and Alpine. The size of the region’s Hispanic During the last decade, 61 percent of the region’s census tracts lost non-Hispanic population. These tracts and non-Hispanic populations is are heavily concentrated in the southwest quadrant of the region, and in the cities of Vista, San Marcos, and Escondido. A number of census tracts in North County coastal areas adjacent to Interstate 5 also lost changing at much different rates. non-Hispanic population. Between 1990 and 2000, the non- Hispanic population grew by 75,464 people, or four percent. During the same time period, there was a 240,184-person increase in our Hispanic population.

24 INFO SANDAG/SourcePoint April 2002, No. 1 25 WHAT THE MAPS SHOW

The maps in this report that show the percentage of the population in each group for 2000 census tracts identify areas at the upper and lower ends of the spectrum for each group. The mapping intervals are determined by placing approximately 10 percent of the 605 census tracts in the top and bottom intervals and dividing the rest among the two middle intervals. For the maps illustrating population change, the lowest category includes all tracts with population loss during the decade. The two highest categories include 10 percent of the tracts with the most population gain. The remaining tracts were assigned to the second lowest category.

26 INFO SANDAG/SourcePoint April 2002, No. 1 SANDAG.ORG: YOUR RESOURCE FOR CENSUS AND OTHER DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

The Resources section at SANDAG.org gives you online access to census and other demographic and economic information about the San Diego region. The SANDAG Web site recently was enhanced and now offers a clean, contemporary look, and an upgraded navigation system. View, download, and print population, housing, and land use characteristics, maps, and more.

Profile WareHouse The Profile WareHouse includes formatted reports that cover the most frequently requested information for the region, jurisdictions, and other geographic areas. Separate profiles for each of the areas are available from the 2000 and 1990 Censuses and SANDAG’s Current Estimates and 2020 Forecast. http://cart.sandag.org/spw/spw.asp

Data WareHouse The Data WareHouse allows the user to select from lists of demographic, economic, and land use variables and geographic areas to create custom reports and datasets. It features Economic Time Series, Labor Market Information, Current Estimates and 2020 Forecast, and the 2000 and 1990 Censuses. http://cart.sandag.org/sdw/sdw.asp

REDI The Regional Economic and Demographic Information System (REDI) allows the user to display existing land use, planned land use, vacant land, traffic volumes, and much more to help determine the development potential of land in the region. REDI includes a reporting component for demographic information as well as individual land parcel characteristics. http://cart.sandag.org/redi/

27 Future Issues of INFO

INFO INFO presents information produced as part Geographic Areas of the San Diego Association of Governments’ The geographic areas defined by the Census Bureau to overall planning program. The series contains population, housing, employment, land use, report census information form the basis for our locally transportation, criminal justice and other data, defined system of nested geographic areas. This INFO as well as occasional reports on other subjects describes and illustrates with maps the variety of geographic of general interest. This report is financed with federal funds from the U.S. Department of areas used in the San Diego region for planning, marketing, Transportation, state funds from Caltrans, and and research purposes and the relationship between the local funds from SANDAG member jurisdictions. areas. San Diego Association of Governments 401 B Street • Suite 800 Vital Events San Diego, CA 92101 This INFO summarizes the major trends and characteristics (619) 595-5300 • Fax (619) 595-5305 of the births and deaths in the San Diego region from 1990 to www.sandag.org [email protected] 2000, and provides comparisons to the period 1980 to 1990. Trends and characteristics of births and deaths underlie many planning and policymaking activities and serve as important indicators of a population's overall well being. SourcePoint is a chartered nonprofit corporation of SANDAG. Activity Centers SANDAG maintains a comprehensive inventory of the SANDAG Member Agencies: region's Activity Centers -- facilities and institutions that The Cities of: attract large numbers of people and generate significant CARLSBAD numbers of vehicle trips on a regular basis. Activity Centers CHULA VISTA CORONADO include business parks, shopping centers, universities, DEL MAR hospitals, and major tourist attractions. The information is EL CAJON used to perform site location analyses, assess the availability ENCINITAS of office and industrial space, and determine the need for ESCONDIDO new transit routes. This INFO compares data collected in IMPERIAL BEACH 2001 with previous inventories conducted in 1991 and 1996. LA MESA LEMON GROVE NATIONAL CITY OCEANSIDE POWAY SAN DIEGO SAN MARCOS SANTEE SOLANA BEACH VISTA ON THE COVER: COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO This INFO contains eleven maps that illustrate the population distribution and the ethnic diversity of the San Diego region as well CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION METROPOLITAN TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT BOARD as other characteristics and trends, such as the percent of the NORTH SAN DIEGO COUNTY TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT BOARD population that is under age 18 and population change since 1990. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Population information by ethnicity is among the most frequently SAN DIEGO UNIFIED PORT DISTRICT SAN DIEGO COUNTY WATER AUTHORITY requested data from the census and SANDAG. TIJUANA/BAJA CALIFORNIA/MEXICO