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(Bivalvia: Donacidae). I FAU Institutional Repository http://purl.fcla.edu/fau/fauir This paper was submitted by the faculty of FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. Notice: © 1981 California Malacozoological Society. This manuscript is an author version with the final publication available and may be cited as: Mikkelsen, P. S. (1981). A comparison of two Florida populations of the Coquina clam, Donax variablis Say, 1822 (Bivalvia: Donacidae). I. Intertidal density, distribution and migration. The Veliger, 23(3), 230-239. •U/--< I THE VELIGER A Quarterly published by CALIFORNIA MALACOZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, INC. BerlceJey, California VOLUME 23 JANUARY J, J98I NUMBER 3 CONTENTS Evolution and Function of Asymmetry in the Archaeogastropod Radula. (2 Plates) CAROLE S. HICKMAN 189 Reproductive Biology of Three Species of Abalones (Haliotis) in Southern California. (3 Plates; 7 Text figures) THEODORE TUTSCHULTE & JOSEPH H. CONNELL 195 Studies on the Formation of the Crossed Lamellar Structure in the Shell of Strombus gigas. (2 Plates) HIROSHI NAKAHARA, MITSUO KAKEI & GERRlT BEVELANDER .• 207 Male Characteristics in Female N assarius obsoletus: Variations Related to Locality, Season and Year. (2 Text figures) BLAKEMAN S. SMITH 2 I 2 Rectification of the Generic Placement of Sclerodoris tanya (Marcus, 197I), comb. nov., A Nudibranch from Southern California, with a Range Extension to the Gulf of California, Mexico. (I Plate; I Text figure) HANS BERTSCH 2J7 Growth and Production in Exploited and Unexploited Populations of a Rocky Shore Gastropod, Turbo sarmaticus. ( 10 Text figures) A. McLACHLAN & H. W LOMBARD. 22J Reprint ~ A Comparison of Two Florida Populations of the Coquina Clam, Donax variabilis Say, J822 (Bivalvia: Donacidae). 1. Intertidal Density, Distribution, and Migration. (8 Text figures) PAUL STEPHEN MIKKELSEN • • 230 [Continued on Inside Front Cover] Distributed free to Members of the California Malacozoological Society, Inc. Subscriptions, by Volume only, payable in advance to Calif. Malacozool. Soc., Inc. Volume 24: $37.50 plus mailing charges $1.50 U. S. A; $5.- for all foreign addresses Single copies this issue $J6.-. Postage extra. Send subscription orders to California Malacozoological Society, Inc. J584 Milvia Street, Berkeley, CA 94709, U. S. A Address all other correspondence to Dr. R. STOHLER, Editor, Depatment of Zoology University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U. S. A. CONTENTS - Continued New Distributional Records for Two California Nudibranchs. WILLIAM B. JAECKLE •••••• . 24° A Cephalic Dimple in the Terrestrial Snail Achatina achatina. (2 Plates) RONALD CHASE & MICHELE PlaTTE ••••••• . • • . 241 Siphonal Eyes of Giant Clams (Bivalvia: Tridacnidae) and their Relationship to Adjacent Zooxanthellae. (2 Plates; I Text figure) PETER VFANKBONER . 245 The Effect of Pinnotheres hickmani on the Meat Yield (Condition) of Mytilus edulis Measured Several Ways. (2 Text figures) C. L. PREGENZER. •. ..•.•••••••••• 25° Size Gradients and Shell Polymorphism in Limpets with Consideration of the Role of Predation. (9 Text figures) B. HARTWICK .. ..•. 254 Physiological Effects of Desiccation and Hypoxia on the Intertidal Limpets Colli- sella digitalis and Collisella pelta. (7 Text figures) BRUCE LEON BOESE & AUSTIN W. PRITCHARD Behavior of the Gastropod Amphissa columbiana (Prosobranchia: Columbellidae). BRETTON W. KENT .•... 275 A Niche Analysis of Coexisting Thais lapillus and Urosalpinx cinerea Populations. DAVID A. JILLSON NOTES & NEWS ... BOOKS, PERIODICALS & PAMPHLETS Note: The various taxa above species are indicated by the use of different type styles as shown by the following examples, and by increasing indentation. ORDER, Suborder, DIVISION, Subdivision, SECTION, SUPERFAMILY, FAMILY, Subfamily, Genus, (Subgenw) New Taxa Page 230 THE VELIGER Vol. 23; NO.3 A Comparison ofTwo Florida Populations of the Coquina Clam, Donax variabilis Say, 1822 (Bivalvia : Donacidae) 1. Intertidal Density, Distribution and Migration I BY PAUL STEPHEN MIKKELSEN Harbor Branch Foundation, Inc.; RR I, Box 196; Fort Pierce, Florida 33450 (8 Text figures) INTRODUCTION posed sandy beaches on the central eastern (Indialantic Beach; 28°5.]'N Lat.,80033.4'W Long.) and southwest­ Donax variabilis Say, THE COQUINA CLAM, lives in the surf ern (Sanibel Island; 26°25.3'N Lat.,82°4.8'W Long.) zone on sandy exposed beaches of the eastern United States coasts of Florida (Figure 1). The transect method of sam­ and the northern Gulf of Mexico. The nomenclature of pling was used (Figure 2.) An initial sample was collected this species was, until recently, in a state of confusion. at the point of maximum wave recession at the time of MORRISON (1970, 1971) pointed out that the correct name sampling. Additional samples were taken at I m intervals for the species is Donax protracta Conrad, 1849. However, along transect A, normal to the beach face, to the point of the name Donax variabilis Say, 1822 was proposed for con­ maximum wave advancement at the time of sampling. servation (Boss, 1970) and subsequently accepted by the The latter point was nearest the backshore and became I.C.Z.N. (MELVILLE, 1976). saturated only temporarily by the swash of the waves. Donax uariabilis occupies the intertidal zone from the Transects B, C, and D were at 25 m intervals. Transects high (EDGREN, 1959) to low tide mark (PEARSE, et al., E, F, G, and H were 5 m apart. The closer-spaced transects 1942). Densities are variable, to a maximum of about were selected to eliminate the possibility of missing local­ 156oojm' (EDGREN, op. cit.). Many authors (ALDRICH, ized aggregations by using too large a sampling interval. 1959; LOESCH, 1957; PEARSE, et al., 1942; TIFFANY, The number of cores taken per monthly sample varied due 1971; TURNER & BELDING, 1957) have noted intertidal to changing width of the swash zone, with a monthly aver­ migrations of D. uariabilis. TIFFANY (op. cit.) and TURNER age of 40 cores at Sanibel Island and 49 at Indialantic & BELDING (op. cit.) have stated that this migratory behav­ Beach. ior is stimulated by the acoustic shock of breaking waves. At Indialantic Beach, collections were taken about 3 Contrarily, only once (EDGREN, op. cit.) has D. uariabilis hours after low tide, on the rising lowest tide of the month, been reported as nonmigratory. I report here a second case and precisely at low tide on the lowest ebb tide of the pre­ of a nonmigratory population, even greater densities, and ceding weekend at Sanibel Island, except the first collec­ possible explanations for the intertidal distribution of two tion (April, 1976) which was made midway between a low populations of D. oariabilis. and a high tide. This change in timing at Sanibel Island was made after having observed the nonmigratory behav­ MATERIALS AND METHODS ior of the Donax on that beach. Specimen samples were collected,using a 15.0 em diam­ Coquinas were collected once each month, from April eter (0.018m') polyvinyl chloride (PVC) corer, to a depth through September, 1976, from the intertidal zone of ex- of IO cm. Because the clams are restricted to the upper­ most 4cm of sand (EDGREN, 1959), the core contained all • Contribution number 187 of the Harbor Branch Foundation, Inc. living specimens. Samples were sieved, using a 1.2 mm Vol. 23; NO·3 THE VELIGER Page 231 mesh. Sand samples were taken in an identical fashion, and salinity was taken by refractometer to the nearest immediately adjacent to the specimen cores, but with a 0.5%0. Beach profiles were measured by triangulation 5.0 ern diameter corer and to a depth of 4 ern. Standard (KING, 1972) at I m intervals from the seaward limit of granulometric sieve analyses (INMAN, 1952) were con­ dune vegetation to the base of the surf zone at the time of ducted on each sample. sampling. Wave height of 10 consecutive waves at their Surf zone water temperature was measured to +- 0.5 0 C, breaking point was measured using a graduated staff. A B o 2, kilometers 26° t------f-..IIIiI::-:-L-r---f----++-H a 50 100 0 25 kilometers .' 80' West Longitude West Longitude West Longitude Figure I Location of sample sites (*): (A) General location; (B) India­ lantic Beach and (C) Sanibel Island Page 232 THE VELIGER Vol. 23; NO·3 t ...... SEA ~ Transect: A BCD EFGH o .. Line of Maximum Wave Recession , ~ . ~ ., <:: ~ , 0 ~ . N · ..<:: ~ ~ ~ . · </l ~ ~ . · ::o ~. U 6 I" ~ ~ ~ 1.. Line of Maximum Wave Advancement Meters: 0 75 85 95 ...... EXPOSED BEACH --. Figure 2 Diagrammatic representation of the sampling grid RESULTS The mean particle size (Dse) of the sand was 0'58mm (coarse sand; WENTWORTH, 1922) on Indialantic Beach and 0.26 mm (medium sand) on Sanibel Island. Mean par­ Beach slope exhibited a mean drop of about 5.2 crnzrn ticle size at Indialantic generally decreased progressing up (a slope of 3.0°) at Sanibel Island and 12.0 cm/m (a slope­ the beach face, while at Sanibel the mean particle size re­ of 6.9°) at Indialantic Beach. The beach at Sanibel ap­ mained relatively constant (Figure 4a). Both beaches had peared to be slightly more stable than Indialantic Beach, a uniform sand (uniformity coefficient = D,o/Dlo< 5) based on comparison of slope variation (Figure 3). Mean with Sanibel Island being comparatively less uniform than wave height was 23 em at Sanibel and 91 cm (4 x greater) Indialantic Beach (D6o/DlO = 3.14 and 2.61, respectively). at Indialantic. Irregular semidiurnal tides at Sanibel The less uniform sand at Sanibel Island was due to the ranged about 0.8m, while at Indialantic Beach the tides presence of an abundance of variably-sized large shell frag­ were regular semidiurnal and averaged 1.2 m (Doty, 1957; ments. Mean particle size and uniformity coefficients were U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1975), or 1.5 x greater nearly constant between transects, although some varia­ than the range for Sanibel Island. Surf zone temperature tion in the uniformity coefficient was evident at Sanibel and salinity ranges were 21.0-27.5 °C and 3°.0-35.0%0 at (Figures 4b, 5b).
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