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New Zealand's System of Buoys and Beacons Booklet
NEW ZEALAND’S SYSTEM OF BUOYS AND BEACONS Disclaimer: All care and diligence has been used in extracting, analysing and compiling this information, however, Maritime New Zealand gives no warranty that the information provided is without error. Copyright Maritime New Zealand 2008 Parts of this publication may be reproduced provided acknowledgement is made to this publication and Maritime New Zealand as the source. ISBN 0-478-18815-3 CONTENTS 3 Introduction 4 System of Buoyage and Beaconage 5 Description of System 6 Rules for Marks 7 Lateral Marks 9 Cardinal Marks 12 Isolated Danger Marks 13 Safe Water Marks 14 Special Marks 15 New Dangers 1 16 Miscellaneous 17 Offshore Oil/Gas Rigs and Platforms 18 Marine Farms 18 Reflective Strips 19 Oceanographic Stations 20 Standard Submarine Cable/Pipeline Marker Beacon 21 Bridges and Overhead Power Lines 22 Overhead Power Lines 22 Safe Clearance Signs 23 Safe Clearance Diagram 24 Light Characteristics INTRODUCTION This book explains the buoyage and beaconage system in New Zealand waters. It describes the recommended requirements for aids to navigation in harbours and their approach channels, methods of marking and lighting, and also describes the requirements for oceanographic stations that may be established around our seaboard. Details of standard markings for Marine Farms, Offshore Isolated Dangers, Oil Rigs and other miscellaneous markings are also included. All members of the maritime community should find this 3 book useful, particularly mariners, Regional Councils, Port Companies, and those studying for nautical examinations. SYSTEM OF BUOYAGE AND BEACONAGE The waters of New Zealand and adjacent islands are marked for safe navigation using the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) System ‘A’ Maritime Buoyage System. -
Navigational Duties
CHAPTER 9 NAVIGATIONAL DUTIES Navigation is the art or science of determining the materials either in a ship itself or by magnetic position of a ship or aircraft and directing that ship or materials brought near the compass. aircraft from one position to another. It can be The gyrocompass, on the other hand, points to true regarded as an art because its application involves the north by operation of the gyroscopic principle. It may, exercise of special skills and fine techniques, which however, have a slight mechanical error of a degree or can be perfected only by experience and careful two, which is known and for which due allowance is practice. On the other hand, navigation can be made. regarded as a science inasmuch as it is knowledge dealing with a body of facts and truths systematically Magnetic Compass arranged and showing the operation of general laws. Navigation has been practiced for thousands of years; The ship’s magnetic compasses are named or however, modern methods date from the 18th century classed according to their use. invention of the chronometer, a precision timepiece. As a Signalman, you may be required to assist the The standard compass is the magnetic compass navigator by taking bearings, using the bearing circle used by the navigator as a standard for checking other or alidade. You may assist the officer of the deck compasses on the ship. It is so located that it is least (OOD) by sounding whistle signals and by being alert affected by the internal magnetism of the ship. to aids to navigation. -
Indian Notices to Mariners Special Edition – 2020
N A E C O N IA D IN IC OFFICE PH A INDIAN A R A I I G DD O O N R R D D I Y Y N N H H A A T T L L I I A A O O N N SPECIAL EDITION - 2020 SPECIAL NOTICES TO MARINERS TO NOTICES INDIAN NOTICES TO MARINERS SPECIAL EDITION - 2020 .in .gov .in RMATIO FO N N I S E Y T C I E V F R A E S S .hydrobharat.gov .in, msis-inho@navy M A E R M I .gov I T www National Hydrographic Office isit us at V 107-A, Rajpur Road, Dehradun - 248001, India. E-mail:inho@navy Phones +91-135-2747365, Fax +91-135-2748373 INDIAN NOTICES TO MARINERS SPECIAL EDITION – 2020 RECORD OF CORRECTIONS The inclusion of corrections in this volume should be recorded in the following table:- Notices to Mariners 2020 2021 2022 2023 _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ -
South African Maritime Safety Authority
South African Maritime Safety Authority Ref: SM 6/5/2/1 Date: 2 February 2016 Marine Notice No. 8 of 2016 Standards for Aids to Navigation in South African waters and Inland Waterways TO ALL REGIONAL MANAGERS, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES, GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS, SOUTH AFRICAN NAVY HYDROGRAPHER, MUNICIPALITIES, AIDS TO NAVIGATION SERVICE PROVIDERS AND OTHER INTERESTED AND AFFECTED PARTIES. Summary This Marine Notice advises on the Standards required by the South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA) to ensure the standardisation, harmonisation and compliance with regard to all marine aids to navigation (AtoN) in the Republic of South Africa (RSA). These Standards apply to the provision, operation and discontinuation of all AtoN, both fixed and floating (buoys), including radionavigation/electronic AtoN, on land and at sea (South African waters, within ports and harbours, private harbours and marinas, etc. and Inland Waterways) in the RSA. Issued by and obtainable from: The South African Maritime Safety Authority 146 Lunnon Road 2 February 2016 Hillcrest, Pretoria PO Box 13186 SM 6/5/2/1 Hatfield 0028 Tel: +27 12 366 2600 Fax:+27 12 366 2601 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site : www.samsa.org.za MN 8 of 2016 Page 1 of 50 Standards All marine aids to navigation (AtoN) in the Republic of South Africa (RSA) These Standards apply to the provision, operation and discontinuation of all AtoN, both fixed and floating (buoys), including radionavigation/electronic AtoN, on land and at sea (South African waters, within ports and harbours, private harbours and marinas, etc. and Inland Waterways) in the RSA. -
NAVGUIDE Aids to Navigation Manual
NAVGUIDE Aids to Navigation Manual 2010 Edition IALA Aids to Navigation Manual NAVGUIDE 2010 AISM-IALA : 20 ter rue Schnapper - 78100 Saint-Germain en Laye - France Telephone: + 33 1 34 51 70 01 - fax: + 33 1 34 51 82 05 e-mail : [email protected] - internet: www.iala-aism.org © IALA-AISM 2010 Reproduction for training / educational purposes permitted. FOREWORD The IALA NAVGUIDE 2010 will be of interest and assistance to all organisations, training institutions and individuals who are associated with aids to navigation (AtoN). This sixth edition has been developed over the past four years (2006 – 2010), and represents a continuing commitment to excellence and clarity of presentation. A key change from the 2006 version is the focus on e-navigation in recognition of the extensive conceptual work done to date, the central role e-navigation is expected to play in the future work program of IALA and its impact on the way Competent Authorities provide an aids to navigation service to mariners in the longer term. The IALA Aids to Navigation Management (ANM) Committee has coordinated the review of the IALA NAVGUIDE. All sections have been reviewed and revisions made through expert input from all of the IALA Committees – ANM, Engineering, Environment and Preservation (EEP), e-Navigation (e-NAV) and Vessel Traffic Services (VTS). This NAVGUIDE is a tribute to professionals already very busy in their own organisations worldwide, who are happy to share their expertise with other members of the international maritime community to assist in reaching the ultimate goal of harmonization of maritime aids to navigation. -
Buoyage Guide
Irish National Sailing & Powerboat School West Pier, Dun Laoghaire, Co. Dublin Tel: +353 (0) 1 2844195 Email: [email protected] Web: www.inss.ie Buoyage Here’s a short introduction to buoyage. We’ve focussed in on the main aspects of the marks, visible during daylight operations. The light colours and sequences are not detailed in this document, but in a further document that also shows how they would be depicted on charts. IALA Regions IALA stands for International Association of Lighthouse Authorities. A lighthouse authority is responsible for the installation and maintenance of all aids to navigation, e.g navigational marks (buoyage) and lighthouses. More recently, lighthouse authorities have started deploying virtual aids to navigation, effectively virtual buoys that appear on digital charts. In Ireland the Commissioners of Irish Lights are the lighthouse authority. There is significant international cooperation and standardisation under IALA, with the world split into two regions called Region A and Region B. Region A consists of most of the world, including Europe, with the exception of the North America and Singapore and a few other minor areas, which comprise Region B. Buoyage remains very similar between the two, but for the purposes of this, we focus on Region A. Lateral Marks Used to mark out channels. Port lateral marks are to be kept to left, and starboard lateral marks to the right, when entering harbours or ports. Port Hand Lateral Mark • Square/Box Shape • Red in Colour • Keep on Left Side of boat entering port Port Hand Lateral Mark • Conical in shape • Green in Colour • Keep on Right Side of boat entering port Direction of Buoyage This symbol will be found on navigation charts. -
A Revision of the Australian Chrysopidae (Insecta : Neuroptera)
Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 1980, No. 77, 1-143 A Revision of the Australian Chrysopidae (Insecta : Neuroptera) T.R. New Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3083. Contents Page Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 List of Australian Species ............................................................................................................... 3 Key to Subfamilies ........................................................................................................................ 4 Apochrysinae ................................................................................................................................. 4 Nothochrysinae .............................................................................................................................. 6 Chrysopinae ................................................................................................................................... 12 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 68 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... 70 References .................................................................................................................................... -
Aids to Navigation Guideline
Aids to navigation guideline Guideline for applying to erect, place or alter a navigational aid and exercising delegated approval powers from the Director of Maritime New Zealand Aids to navigation Last updated: August 2019 This document is uncontrolled if printed. Please refer to the Maritime New Zealand website for the latest version. In this guide 1. Overview 3 1.1 What are aids to navigation? 3 1.2 Roles and responsibilities 4 2. Status of international and NZ guidelines 7 2.1 New Zealand has international obligations 7 3. Design, placement and availability 9 3.1 Good practice principles 9 3.2 Buoys 9 3.3 Topmarks 12 3.4 Colour 13 3.5 Marking recreational and reserve areas 15 3.6 Signs on land 15 3.7 Lights 16 3.8 High speed craft operating 17 3.9 Buoyage direction – what if it is unclear? 18 3.10 Maintenance 18 3.11 Availability 19 4. Automatic Identification System (AIS) 20 4.1 Background to AIS aids to navigation 20 4.2 AIS approval policy 22 Aids to navigation guideline Page 1 of 48 4.3 Temporary use of AIS aids to navigation 24 4.4 Design standards 24 5. When decisions are made by harbourmasters 25 5.1 Scope of delegation to harbourmasters 25 6. New hazards and emergencies 29 6.1 Marking new dangers – including wrecks 29 6.2 Use of virtual AIS 30 6.3 Continuously changing hazards 31 6.4 Responsibility for urgent action on aids to navigation 31 6.5 Notification and consultation 32 7. -
(Diptera: Drosophilidae) of Fiji and Vanuatu with Description of Nine New Species1
Fiji Arthropods II. Edited by Neal L. Evenhuis & Daniel J. Bickel. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 84: 35–67 (2005). Mycodrosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) of Fiji and Vanuatu With Description of Nine New Species1 SHANE F. MCEVEY Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia; email: [email protected] MICHAL POLAK Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0006, USA Abstract. Eleven species of the drosophilid genus Mycodrosophila were collected by us from fungus at two localities on Viti Levu, Fiji, and nine localities on Efate and Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. Nine are described as new in the present study; one, Mycodrosophila gratiosa (de Meijere, 1911), is known to be widespread in southeast Asia and Oceania, and one is repre- sented by a single specimen that appears to be very similar to M. heterothrix McEvey & Bock, 1982 from Australia and New Guinea. The most abundant species in Vanuatu, M. vanuatuae n.sp., is very similar to the Australian species M. claudensis Bock, 1980, the male genitalia for which has not previously been described; males of M. claudensis from the type and other Australian localities have been examined and illustrated in the present work. Two of the eleven species reported here belong to the subgenus Promycodrosophila the others to Mycodrosophila s.str., their addition to the Australasian and Oceanian fauna brings the total number of described species in those regions to 59; New Guinea has an abundance of species, many await description. INTRODUCTION The genus Mycodrosophila was established by Oldenberg (1914) for Amiota poecilogastra Loew a European species associated with fungus. -
MARITIME BUOYAGE SYSTEM and Other Aids to Navigation Contents
MARITIME BUOYAGE SYSTEM and Other Aids to Navigation Contents Historical background . 3 General Principles of the System . 5 Rules . 8 Map showing Regions A & B . .12 & 13 Maritime Buoyage System Historical Background 02 MBS International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities MARITIME BUOYAGE SYSTEM and Other Aids to Navigation Historical Background PRIOR TO 1976 There was once more than thirty different buoyage systems in use world-wide, many of these systems having rules in complete conflict with one another. There has long been disagreement over the way in which buoy lights should be used since they first appeared towards the end of the 19th century. In particular, some countries favoured using red lights to mark the port hand side of channels and others favoured them for marking the starboard hand. Another major difference of opinion revolved around the principles to be applied when laying out marks to assist the mariner. Most countries adopted the principle of the Lateral system whereby marks indicate the port and starboard sides of the route to be followed according to some agreed direction. However, several countries also favoured using the principle of Cardinal marks whereby At the end of World War II many countries found dangers are marked by one or more buoys or beacons their aids to navigation destroyed and the process of laid out in the quadrants of the compass to indicate restoration had to be undertaken urgently. In the where the danger lies in relation to the mark, this absence of anything better, the Geneva rules were system being particularly useful in the open sea where adopted with or without variation to suit local the Lateral buoyage direction may not be apparent. -
IALA Maritime Buoyage System
IALA Maritime Buoyage System Above: Sealite Poseidon-1750 Ocean Buoy, West Sea Who is IALA? Established in 1957, IALA (International Association of Marine Aids and Lighthouse Authorities) is a non-profit international technical association. IALA provides nautical expertise and advice. IALA encourages its members to work together to harmonise aids to navigation worldwide and to ensure the movements of vessels are safe, expeditious and cost effective whilst simultaneously protecting the environment. One of the ways IALA achieves this is by establishing technical committees which bring together experts from more than 80 countries around the world. The work of these committees is to develop recommendations on technologies and practices which are available in publications such as IALA Recommendations and Guidelines. IALA is chiefly known for its buoyage system. As early as 1976, there were more than 30 dissimilar buoyage systems in use throughout the world. To avoid confusion and help create safe navigation to mariners of different regions IALA have created a worldwide buoyage system. Region A & Region B To minimise the number of changes to existing systems and to meet conflicting requirements IALA decided to create a system divided into two regions. The region followed is dependent on geographical location: Region A: Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Africa, the Gulf and some Asian countries Region B: North, Central & South America, Japan, North & South Korea and the Philippines What Region am I in? Refer to Appendix A on page 7 to view map of IALA Buoyage Region A & Region B. Types of Marks The different types of marks used in the pilotage of vessels at sea are easily distinguished by their shape, colour, topmark by day and the colour and rhythm of the light by night. -
The Background to Iala Buoyage System “A ”
THE BACKGROUND TO IALA BUOYAGE SYSTEM “A ” by Captain J. E. BURY Elder Brother of Trinity House, London Chairman of the IALA Technical Committee on Buoyage This paper formed the subject of a lecture by Captain Bury on 22 April 1977 at the Xlth International Hydrographic Conference, Monte-Carlo. In 1967 a Sub-Committee of the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IA L A ), that had for some years been studying Port Signals under the chairmanship of Mr. Otto G r e d a l of Denmark, reported that it was becoming increasingly obvious that the “Buoy System leading to the port" warranted study prior to “port signals”, and that because this study involved navigation they thought it proper that it should be chaired by a mariner. On 2 June 1967 this Sub-Committee was re-constituted by IA L A with the following terms of reference : “To prepare a recommendation to supplement the existing agreements for a Uniform System of Maritime Buoyage”. The object of this task was to bring up to date the present regulations — the Lisbon Agreement (1930) and the Geneva Agreement (1936) — bearing in mind all new aids to navigation and new marking systems adopted since 1936, and eventually to standardise them internationally. These regulation concerned : Sea lanes for tankers Oceanographic buoys Channels for fishing and pleasure craft Harbour Entrance and Exit lights Channels for hovercraft. The members of this Sub-Committee were : Captain R. N. M a y o , Trinity House, U K (Chairman) Mr. O. G r e d a l , Denmark (Deputy Chairman) Herr W .