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COVID-19 Pandemic Impact and Response Study Kenya Report

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COVID-19 Pandemic Impact and Response Study Kenya Report COVID-19 Pandemic Impact and Response Study Kenya Report EMBARGOEDJUNE 2021 Study Overview Top 10 Takeaways Caregiving, Household Activity, and Paid Work Impacts I. Gendered Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic II. COVID-19 Job Losses Satisfaction with Government’s Response / Table of Government Programs Contents I. CCSERS Recovery Program II. NNSP Cash Transfer Program III. Gender-Based Violence Services Perceptions of International Support Appendix I. Study Methodology II. About Fraym EMBARGOED COVID-19 Pandemic Impact and Response Study STUDY OVERVIEW The COVID-19 pandemic is a once-in-a century crisis. Well over 3 Fraym conducted large, georeferenced, and nationally-representative million people have died as of June 2021, and entire economies have surveys in India, Kenya, and South Africa. All of these countries have been disrupted in ways previously unimaginable. been hard struck by the pandemic, particularly India and South Africa. This study analyzes the social, economic, and personal security impacts All data collection was conducted in April 2021 via a combination of of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the reach and impact of online, mobile phone, and face-to-face interviews. These three surveys government response programs. More specifically, we designed this included nearly 50,000 respondents overall, making this one of the study and related survey questionnaires to better understand the largest gender-disaggregated and spatially-enabled studies of the gendered impacts of the pandemic in these important areas. COVID-19 pandemic focused on developing economies. This report details findings from Kenya. In Kenya, Fraym conducted a nationally-representative survey of 8,132 respondents from April 14 to April 29, 2021. The survey captured how COVID-19 directly affected people’s lives and their perceptions of how the pandemic and government response influenced the lives of others, including important issues such as: Effects on employment, income, and household Perceptions of gender differences in health, economic, 1 resources 4 caregiving, and safety impacts of COVID-19 Effects on non-employment activities like family care, Perceptions of programs related to child support and 2 shopping, and household chores 5 gender-based violence Perceptions of the national government’s and 3 Effects on household food security 6 international community’s response to COVID-19 The survey data was weighted to reflect the most recent population parameters available from the Kenyan National Bureau of Statistics across gender, age, education,EMBARGOED and county levels. Additional methodological information is available in the appendix. Fraym • Mapping Humanity 3 Kenyans are ten times (10x) more likely to believe that increased KENYA 1 caregiving responsibilities during the pandemic have impacted women more than men. TOP 10 Kenyans are five times (5x) more likely to believe that domestic 2 violence has affected women more than men due to stay at home orders. TAKEAWAYS Kenyans making less than 15,000 KES per month were twice as 3 likely to become food insecure during the pandemic. Kenyan men and women both report COVID-19 related food insecurity has impacted populous cities pandemic-related increases in time like Nairobi and Mombasa more than poorer provinces like North 4 spent on household activities and Eastern and Rift Valley. More than one in four Kenyans in these caregiving, as well as increases in urban areas report not having enough food. economic disruptions such as job Kenyan men were 10 percentage points more likely than Kenyan losses. However, women have borne, 5 and are widely perceived by both men women to report a decrease in hours spent doing paid work. and women as bearing, a Around 40 percent of Kenyans, including those in Nairobi, are disproportionate share of the impacts of satisfied with the government’s COVID-19 response. the pandemic across all examined 6 Satisfaction rates are twenty percentage points higher in areas. Moreover, there is widespread neighboring Central and Rift Valley provinces. favorability for COVID-19 response programs that target vulnerable 84 percent of Kenyans have a favorable view of government’s Kenyans. 7 planned County COVID-19 Social Economic Re-Engineering Recovery Strategy. Nearly 90 percent of respondents have a favorable view of 8 government’s National Safety Net Programme, which provides cash transfers to vulnerable Kenyans. Three in five Kenyans are not aware of any support from G7 9 nations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three in five believe support from the USA and China has had a positive impact. Kenyans are more aware of, and have more favorable opinions EMBARGOED10 about, COVID-19 support from select multilateral organizations like the WHO and the World Bank, than of bilateral support. Source: Fraym nationally representative mobile phone and face-to- face survey of 8,132 Kenyan adults conducted April 14-29, 2021. Fraym • Mapping Humanity 4 Caregiving, Household Activity, and Paid Work Impacts EMBARGOED Fraym • Mapping Humanity 5 KENYA % reporting the COVID-19 pandemic increased the hours they devote to household activities, by gender Caregiving Men Women Differential and +24 pp Household +20 Activity +19 Impacts +14 Many Kenyan men and women report that the pandemic has increased the hours they devote to +10 household activities. In every category, however, women bear a disproportionate share of the +10 increases, particularly with respect to cooking, cleaning, and collecting water or fuel. +5 Women were especially likely to +4 spend more time than men cleaning, cooking, and taking . care of children +4 +2 Note: Respondents could report increased, decreased,EMBARGOED or unchanged hours, as well as not normally doing that activity in their household. Source: Fraym nationally representative mobile phone and face-to- face survey of 8,132 Kenyan adults conducted April 14-29, 2021. Fraym • Mapping Humanity 6 KENYA Food Insecurity and Job Losses Food Insecurity: Prior to the pandemic, one in five Kenyans reported going without food for a whole day and night because there was not enough food. This figure nearly doubled during the pandemic. Both men and women report similar levels of food insecurity both before and during the pandemic. Low-income Kenyans making less than 15,000 KES per month were twice as likely to become food insecure during the pandemic as other Kenyans. Job Losses: More than three in five Kenyans believe that job losses due to school closures affected men and women about the same. However, roughly the same percentage of men (18 percent) and women (17 percent) reported losing jobs themselves during the EMBARGOEDpandemic. Source: Fraym nationally representative mobile phone and face-to-face survey of 8,132 Kenyan adults conducted April 14-29, 2021. Fraym • Mapping Humanity 7 KENYA Province-Level Impacts of COVID-19 on Food Insecurity The Coast province has the highest percentage of people that reported food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic, while the Rift Valley has the lowest. The Rift Valley has some of the poorest counties, although Coastal cities rely heavily on tourism which has been acutely disrupted by the pandemic. Food insecurity (%) due to COVID-19, by Rift Valley province Coast 28% Eastern 26% Nairobi 26% Western 24% Nyanza 22% North Eastern 21% Central 20% Rift Valley 18% Coast 0 EMBARGOED30% Province Highlighted provinces Note: A person is considered food insecure because of COVID-19 if they answered “Yes” to the following question: “Did you or your household member go a Fraym • Mapping Humanity 8 whole day and night without anything because there was not enough food?” after the COVID-19 pandemic but “No” in February 2020, prior to the pandemic. KENYA Gendered % that reported the pandemic affected women or men more Impacts of the Men Women Differential COVID-19 10x Pandemic 8x Kenyans believe that women have been more burdened by caregiving responsibilities, with children out of school and family members falling ill. 4x Sixty four percent of Kenyans believe caring for children’s physical needs fell disproportionately on women (compared to six percent for men) 5x during the pandemic. Kenyans believe that exposure to domestic violence has been particularly severe for women as a result of ~1x lockdown measures: 46 percent of Kenyans believe domestic violence affected women more due to stay at home orders. ~1x Sixty three percent of Kenyans believe job losses due to school closures affect both women and men aboutEMBARGOED the same. Source: Fraym nationally representative mobile phone and face-to- face survey of 8,132 Kenyan adults conducted April 14-29, 2021. Fraym • Mapping Humanity 9 KENYA COVID-19 % saying that their hours of paid work have __ since the pandemic Men Women Pandemic Differential Effects on -1 pp Paid Work -10 pp Roughly three in ten women and four in ten men experienced a decrease in paid work since the pandemic. Few Kenyans report increased hours of paid work since -2 pp the pandemic. Men were ten percentage points more likely than women to have experienced a decrease in their paid -1 pp hours, a statistically significant difference. Women, on the other hand, were 8 percentage points more likely than men to report that they were not +8 pp working prior to the pandemic – also a statistically significant difference.EMBARGOED Note: Respondents could select women more, men more, about the same, or not an impact. Source: Fraym nationally representative mobile phone and face-to- face survey of 8,132 Kenyan adults conducted April 14-29, 2021. Fraym
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