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Red List of Baltic Breeding Birds

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Red List of Baltic Breeding Birds HELCOM Red List of Species and Habitats/Biotopes: Red List of Baltic Breeding Birds Version November 2011 To be integrated by early 2013 into the HELCOM Red List of Baltic Sea Species currently under preparation Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission HELCOM Red List of Species and Habitats/Biotopes Red List of Baltic Breeding Birds Version November 2011 To be integrated by early 2013 into the HELCOM Red List of Baltic Sea Species currently under preparation Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Published by: Helsinki Commission Katajanokanlaituri 6 B FI-00160 Helsinki Finland http://www.helcom.fi Authors: Vladimir Fedorov (RU), Martti Hario (FI), Christof Herrmann (DE), Jan Kieckbusch (DE), Lidia Sternik (PL), Antra Stipniece (LV), Ole Thorup (DK), Martin Tjernberg (SE) Contributors: Mindaugas Dagys (LT), Jaanus Elts (EST), Gennady Grishanov (RU), Włodzimierz Meissner (PL) For further information see: Appendix 1 HELCOM Secretariat Red Lists of Baltic Sea Species project manager Tytti Kontula & coordinator Jannica Haldin For bibliographic puorposes this document should be cited as: HELCOM 2012 Red List of Baltic Breeding Birds. HELCOM Red Lists of Baltic Sea Species and Habitats/Biotopes. Information included in this publication or extracts thereof are free for citing on the condition that the complete reference of the publication is given as above. Copyright 2012 by the Baltic Marine Environment Comission – Helsinki Commission Photo credits: Front cover: Jürgen Reich Ek, Malin: 15 Frenkel, Andrei: 27; 28; 33; 43; 47 Glader, Hans: 30 Gauger, Kai: 48; 50 Grimm, Martin: 52 Haldin, Jannica: 3; 4; 6; 7; 8, 10; 11; 12; 14; 17; 39 Hario, Martti: 16; 39; 55 Herrmann, Christof: 1; 2; 19; 23; 32; 35; 38 Hoyer, Erich: 51 Joisten, Frank: 22 Karauda, Lech: 21; 31; 34 Kehus, Johanna: 26 Keskinen, Essi: 25; 41 Metsähallitus: 25; 26; 41; 45 Moning, Christoph: 20; 40; 42; 49 Plummer, Christopher: 9; 24; 29; 56 Putze, Mathias: 46 Reich, Jürgen: Front cover; 18; 36; 37; 53; 54 Ritzel, Lutz: 5; 13; 44 Number of pages: 121 Preface This document includes the HELCOM Red List of Baltic Breeding Birds, which has been compiled by the expert team on waterbirds lead by Mr. Christof Herrmann, Germany. It is the first of five parts: macrophytes, benthic invertebrates, fish and lamprey species, breeding and wintering birds and marine mammals that togheter will constitute the HELCOM Red List of Baltic Sea Species. This document is to be integrated into the final Red List of Baltic Sea Species together with the others parts and will be published by early 2013. This is a provisional document and until its integaration into the final Red List changes can be made. This duly noted, the only currently foreseeable additions to the Red List of Baltic Breeding Birds are the proposals for actions to conserve the species which will be added to the Species Informations Sheets. In addition, a second part of the Baltic Bird Species section of the Red List (namely Baltic Wintering Birds) is under construction. This list of threathened Baltic breeding birds will be merged with the list of threatened Baltic wintering birds when the latter is completed, thus forming one comprenesive list of threatened birdspecies in the Baltic Sea. No information will be lost when the lists will be merged. The threat assessments in the Red List have been made using the methods, categories, and criteria as described in the “IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria”, Version 3.1 (IUCN 2001). For the category Near Threatened, the modifications proposed by Gärdenfors (2008) are applied. A much more indepth explanation of the assessment method will be added to the final Red List including explanations for the categories and criteria as well as the difference between the common IUCN assessments and the regional IUCN assessment used by HELCOM. Presently more information can be found at the following links: http://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/redlistcatsenglish.pdf http://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf http://iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/red_list/resources/technical_documents/guid elines_application/ The “Red List of Baltic Breeding Birds” represents the first attempt to assess the extinction risk of 54 bird taxa (species and subspecies) from a regional (biogeographic) view. For those species, which are classified to any threat category from Near Threatened to Regionally Extinct detailed information about population size, distribution, trends, habitat requirements and threats is given. This information can be found on the Species Information Sheets in this document. In order to maximize the usefulness and fill the hight demand for this Red List it was decided that the Red List of Baltic Breeding Birds is to be published already at an earlier stage as it was completed before the other sections. With this background, it is hoped that the “Red List of Baltic Breeding Birds” will become a useful instrument and information background for decision makers, regional planners, conservationists and any other people involved or interested in the conservation of biodiversity in the Baltic Sea Content 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 1 2.1 Assessment criteria ................................................................................................. 1 2.2 Working procedure .................................................................................................. 1 2.3 Species selection .................................................................................................... 2 2.4 Reference area for the assessment ......................................................................... 2 2.5 Generation length .................................................................................................... 3 2.6 Data and information sources ................................................................................. 4 2.7 Distribution maps ................................................................................................... 6 3. Results .......................................................................................................................... 6 4. Most prominent threat factors ....................................................................................12 4.1 Habitat destruction .................................................................................................12 4.2 By-catch (Bc)..........................................................................................................13 4.3 Hazardous substances (Contaminant pollution, CP) ..............................................15 4.4 Plastic waste (Litter, L) ...........................................................................................16 4.5 Oil spills (O) ...........................................................................................................16 4.6 Predators and invasive species (N for native predatory species, A for invasive species) ............................................................................................................................16 4.7 Hunting (H) .............................................................................................................17 4.8 Offshore constructions, especially wind farms (Co) ................................................19 4.9 Epidemics / Diseases (Ep) .....................................................................................19 5. Conservation measures ..............................................................................................20 5.1 General protection of bird species according to the provisions of the EU Birds Directive............................................................................................................................20 5.2 Hunting regulations ................................................................................................20 5.3 Protected areas ......................................................................................................21 5.4 Habitat restoration and management .....................................................................22 5.5 Management of predatory mammals ......................................................................23 5.6 Hazardous substances and oil spills (HELCOM strategies and activities) ...............23 6. Conclusions and recommendations ..........................................................................24 7. References ...................................................................................................................26 8. Species Information Sheets........................................................................................32 Slavonian Grebe / Horned Grebe ......................................................................................34 Tufted Duck .....................................................................................................................38 Greater Scaup .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Common Eider ..................................................................................................................46 Velvet Scoter / White-winged Scoter .................................................................................51
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