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Tourism Geographies An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713709512 New Geographies of Tourism in Peru: Nature-based Tourism and Conservation in the Cordillera Huayhuash Jeffrey Bury a a Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA

Online Publication Date: 01 August 2008 To cite this Article: Bury, Jeffrey (2008) 'New Geographies of Tourism in Peru: Nature-based Tourism and Conservation in the Cordillera Huayhuash', Tourism Geographies, 10:3, 312 — 333 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/14616680802236311 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616680802236311

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EY BSTRACT ew W ORDS ainlidsr.Snete,tuitvst aeicesddaaial.For dramatically. increased have visits tourist then, Since industry. national :T hsrsac xmnsnwtuimntok,cnevto,adsca n eco- and social and conservation, networks, tourism new examines research This uim osrain eu odleaHuayhuash Cordillera Peru, conservation, ourism, + 3-5-05 Tel.: 831-459-4015; : efe uy eateto niomna tde,Uiest fCalifornia, of University Studies, Environmental of Department Bury, Jeffrey + 3-5-65 [email protected] 831-459-3685; C 08Tyo Francis & Taylor 2008 Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 aesra nonwaessneteedo h onr’ eaeln ii a nthe in war civil decade-long country’s the of end the since areas new into spread and have both economic since particularly new conservation, analyses and tourists that between Central conducted relationships the environmental been in has people of research movement little historical However, the Andes. and wildlife of use sustainable the on in place (Staver taking region al. and Amazonian et changes conservation the of wildlife in activities, nature preservation activ- management forest the tourism resource examined and land have household concerns tourism, authors conservation example, of For evolution ities. the examined has conser-research and restructuring political and economic v which in ways America the Latin examine to of begun areas remote into extended been ove have networks tourism global As Conservation and Tourism of Geographies on Research for Recent research further for questions Peru. of in set geographies a tourism new with The with region. concludes concerned the paper investigators in the of companies of provision tourist section supra-communal the final of livelihoods, influence communities household the local of eval- and impacting examination paper services, increasingly an the are through of tourists households section new and next which The in and study, ways area. the the the in uates utilized in methods activities research tourism his- the Huayhuash, nature-based area, Cordillera new the the in tourism of of Subsequent contexts patterns country. human torical the which and in in physical ways the shifting the explore are illustrates sections conservation and and to Peru tourism attention in its change, conservation turns economic and then tourism article impacts in the The trends and communities. region current local the on in tourism models conservation nature-based new Amer- of of Latin evolution in the tourism Peru, to and related ica debates and by embedded enquiry is geographical investigation exploring the which briefly in context theoretical the explores section first activities, conservation envi- industry. new and tourism between political new forged Peru’s economic, and being new development with are communities. concerned that and also relationships households is ronmental local research impacting this understand and addition, to with In and interfacing Peru is in to geographies contribute tourism to tourism how places, new new with to concerned country literature the recent throughout spreading are tourism of efforts. flows conservation national economy, new political and country new the Peru’s in country. between tourism the inbound interrelationships increasing throughout the created explores recently article been This have new that to travelling areas increasingly conservation are national tourists addition, In interface. jungle/highlands the to aebe fetdb hs e ors nos nPr,rcn geographical recent Peru, In inflows. tourist new these by affected been have ation nodrt drs hs sus h ril rcesi h olwn aho.The fashion. following the in proceeds article the issues, these address to order In new these which in ways the evaluate to are research this of goals and rationale The r h oreo h atsvrldcds egahclrsac a increasingly has research geographical decades, several past the of course the 97 omradLzn 01.I diin on 19)hsas focused also has (1997) Young addition, In 2001). Lozano and Bodmer 1997; e egahe fTuimi Peru in Tourism of Geographies New tal. et 94 rcat19;Yu 1997; Cracraft 1994; 313 Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 ntecuty h eetices ftuitflw noteae,teenvironmental the concerns area, increasing the the and into watersheds, mountain flows high the tourist in of tourists new increase of recent impacts the conservation country, over debates the new of in forefront the at region the the of of because placement central significant recent particularly is This Huayhuash. Cordillera the in households the e of rest the for questions these examined region. not tourism the have into communities researchers local However, the integrate sector. area, flows near Titicaca tourism new Lake community these the one which in to of Island degree Taquile Mitchell study and by comparative Chiquian work Huayhuash, a Recent Cordillera through Peru. the of illustrates, context (2001) the Eagles little in tourism and relatively issues 2001), in these Young theme examined 2002; central has Marion and research a Farell as 1999; of recently Scheyvens impacts emerged (e.g. ecological have studies and communities social local economic, on the tourism While change. local affect activities the mediate that Andes Central tourism. the im- and in conservation into between factors insights new relationship economic contribute and to Young social seeks and political, also Zimmerer It portant 2000). (e.g. and Desforges strategies conservation 2000; how development Byers with national 1998; concerned by do- discussions affected In recent are Huayhuash. broaden Cordillera tourism to examination the seeks an in it flows through so, tourist concerns ing and these in activities networks address conservation tourist to new new seeks of into research integrated This being country. Cordillera are the towards the areas property directed conservation in private been new emerged has on these attention have based little how However, areas are country. new the that of these the areas region into of Huayhuash protected tourists Several of international management. draw types local to new and intended as given areas well have protected as shifts new These country of resources. host natural protected a of national to management of rise of and system control processes the the by and transforming influenced trade areas agenda is economic conservation decentralization global new to and eco- a country privatization of addition, the variety In open a to commerce. implemented intended and recently reforms has political region, Peru, and the agendas. nomic in conservation countries new other and many restructuring like political country and people. the and economic in landscapes between forged Peruvian with being engaging are are that tourists which networks so, in tourist doing ways new In the affairs. on and political data and social basic of provides control it in groups largely rebel and where organized area an well Andes, were Central flows the tourist of new region on Huayhuash focusing Cordillera through by the pass discussion into to this dangerous broaden too to or either seeks level research were national This today the safely. at travelling control are and tourists access where to difficult places too many this, to Prior 1990s. early 314 aie h otrcn mat ftuimatvte nlclcmuiisand communities local on activities tourism of impacts recent most the xamines nodrt ul pnadetn hs eerhefrs hsrsac critically research this efforts, research these extend and upon build to order In tourist-related which in ways the with particularly concerned is research this Finally, relationship the on focuses America Latin in research recent of element Another J. Bury Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 dpe ievreyo e cnmcmaue neto pnn h country the opening on intent measures economic new of administration variety Fujimori’s wide Alberto President a 1990s, adopted early promotion the and management During tourist infrastructure. centralized highly a including activity, economic the a for safer and accessible insurgent more key became tourists. 1990. country of of in the passage power capture of to cessation the came areas the largely which large government, Subsequently, was behind Fujimori’s Alberto country force President driving the by perished, leaders The throughout Peruvians 1990s. conflict of open early thousands of the which related in after hostilities war, disappeared importantly, civil almost Most decade-long America. Europe country’s Latin and the from America to North tourists from of tourists flows of new American, flows and in Latin increases from both Peru encouraged also to tourists inbound of all destinations. flows have American in Hemisphere, North Western and increase European the rapid of a outside to destinations led insecurity to and travel instability of political with cultures to associated from related and concerns tourists landscapes increasing in the and increases America, across huge South experiences economy, new global seeking the tourism countries in global developed sector the largest of early the 2002 ascendance the to the and Internationally, industry since international analysis. both 2001 flows of at tourist changes scales during economic national in and visitors and political increases social, in rapid to attributed decline such be can behind slight 1990s factors a The for 1). except (Figure steadily increase (INEI to receipts in billion 2005). $US1 (WTO than more economy generated Peruvian 2005). tourism the international in have 2004, sector activities In tourist-related important terms, second-most economic it the for In flows, become development 2005). tourist economic and global (MINCETUR exchange of country in foreign in- percent the of While people source one 2005). million important for (INEI an 1.5 only years become coming accounts has than in visi- Peru more grow to 200,000 to to tourism over 1990s continue increased ternational just to early Peru projected of the to are low and inflows in a 2005 tourist Peru From 1992, in tourism. in change global tors economic in and increases decade significant political past and the significant of to course the both over rapidly due increased has Peru to tourism International T Central the research into tourism this of so, impacts the doing with Andes. concerned In debates changes. recent extend environmental to these seeks over communities local of uimadCnevto nPeru in Conservation and ourism raigdw ftecnrlgvrmn’ oto n aaeeto national of management and control government’s central the of down breaking h pnn po euslnsae onwtuit a loacmaidby accompanied also was tourists new to landscapes Peru’s of up opening The have affairs social and economic political, in shifts important several Nationally, continued have and mid-1990s the during rapidly increased Peru to tourists of Flows e egahe fTuimi Peru in Tourism of Geographies New 315 Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 olbrt ihitrainladaece n ors prtr opooeand promote to to operators begun have tourism institutions and state agencies management, aid international and with promotion collaborate tourism of terms the In in state of back’ ‘rolling and the transition in the management sector. in tourism tourism elements of key history outlines a promotion provides and who tourist country (2000), treated of Desforges is by Fujimori privatization under detail institutions the in tourism and state of institutions neoliberalization The tourism activities. massive state both through eliminated in virtually of been reductions had end state the the By of presence tourism. the promoted 1990s, and the activities directed and managed that institutions n ftems pnadlbrleoois o nyi ai mrc,bti the in but America, Latin in only not economies, liberal and become has open w Peru most then, decentralizing the Since and activity. of deregulating economic one as and well rates exchange as currency exports, prices, and trade investment, foreign to 316 rd(M 2001). (IMF orld ic 00 h elbrltasomto ftetuimsco a deepened. has sector tourism the of transformation neoliberal the 2000, Since state of network a by run and dominated was sector tourism the 1990, Before J. Bury iue1. Figure T uitflw oPr:1985–2005. Peru: to flows ourist Source : NI(2005). INEI Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 cnmcdvlpet(nentoa ctuimScey20) ntecs fPeru, of case the In 2007). Society Ecotourism and (International empowerment development community economic com- conservation, effective accepted include Commonly ecotourism 1999). of eco- ponents (Honey region, ecological development promote economic both the can and that in activity conservation important communities an as local forward put and flows been has tourism landscapes tourism As natural ‘ecotourism’. towards term problematic shifted more in have much visiting and are larger tourists that the destinations and and Peru attractions of types new the between guish are spectac- country, the the tourism. by of nature-based attracted forests in tourists, tropical engaging of and increasingly flows deserts new coastal as topography, years mountainous few ular and have past Cuzco trends the these to However, in travel Picchu. of shifting Machu Peru to been visiting travel city tourists people these Incan the the of percent nearby of of 47 percent Wonders nearly the 90 Seven and than New more Cuzco the 2005), of of (Solano one city declared the was is 2007 W Peru in in which destinations Picchu, tourism diligently important Machu of most has sort the country of this the One for heritage. as Incan tourism pre-Columbian historical its promoted and world-class a archaeological tourism become for new unquestionably country, affected has destination the Peru also significantly. in have activities activity management and tourism resource networks affecting natural elements in key shifts been concomitant have services and between tion company. railway American North the and British operate a the to Orient-Express, to 1999, concession Picchu in 30-year Machu and example, a Cuzco For awarded flows. Peru the tourism of of affected segments government many also of has privatization the infrastructure addition, country’s In Lima, ac- cities. to new other chains several of hotel and global host Cuzco well-known several a of of arrival the proliferation availability including and the significantly, options lodging and increased have chains country the example, hotel throughout For commodations state sector. the tourism of the privatization affecting the developments recent important been also in 2005). (MINCETUR industry country tourism the in the tourism develop and and agencies strengthen diversify, government to was order of Plan, co-operation Strategic Tourism the national National with the wide-ranging launched entitled and and new MINCETUR a by 2005, initiated in plan, Finally, tourism Community. the Andean improve the to in begun were sector projects to collaborative international project in new new begun (previously and was crafts a 2001 Tourism and arts addition, traditional of and In tourism MINCETUR). between Ministry relationship labelled the strengthen the now and new by MINTINCI the generated as and known was Fund (PRODITUR) Cooperation Technical Tourism Development Integrated French of for Program the new a of Commerce, of help Chamber Tourism the National example, with For 1999, activities. late national co-ordinate in and infrastructure tourism new develop rdadhsbe itdsne18 saWrdHrtg ie oa,b n estimate one by Today, site. Heritage World a as 1981 since listed been has and orld hsrsac upsvl tlzstetr ntr-ae’tuimi re odistin- to order in tourism ‘nature-based’ term the utilizes purposively research This promo- infrastructure, tourism of control and management the in shifts While P rle hne ntemngmn ftuimifatutr n evcshave services and infrastructure tourism of management the in changes arallel e egahe fTuimi Peru in Tourism of Geographies New 317 Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 costePrva adcp.Weenwtuitflw r en meddi the in understanding embedded geographies. our reworking tourism being forged are of they are being country, the flows are of the tourist geographies relationships human in new social and tourism physical Where and of landscape. economic geographies Peruvian new new the of to across host contributing a is that areas such move- these country The to 2005). tourists (MINCETUR of Titicaca) ment Lake Huaraz, northern (Cajamarca, the Maldonado) highlands along Puerto and (Iquitos, areas lowlands tourism tropical Trujillo), nature-based Mancora, of for (Huanchaco, plan series coast tourism new strategic a new highlights The country areas. the tourist traditional increasingly the are from which country, tourists the drawing throughout tourism for spaces new of variety a ated private community-based new and reserves parks. game reserves, travel parks, sanctuaries, Finally, areas. many in services of a provision and management the enhance put to on place were Based into mechanisms and areas. institutions protected national country’s new privatization, a the Secondly, and for decentralization places. these created of was many framework as over located, institutional control are First, new its areas reassert place. protected to war, country’s able taken the civil was government of have ongoing the many the where shifts areas to remote important related in three hostilities particularly sequestered 1990s, administration early Fujimori the the Since of Peru. period activities recent in conservation most reconfigured has the change (2005), neoliberal and Solano restructuring by economic work recent in extensively more agency.covered conservation national Peruvian process the the in by are classified that and areas evaluated protected being essentially of are recently which have reserves, areas new as of aside host set a more and been areas, cover different areas 60 across protected hectares Today, million 19 2006). than [INRENA] Resources (National areas, Natural America protected Latin of in nationally largest Institute the by of covered one decade. system is past conservation Peru’s country the makes the which in of rapidly percent grown has 15 areas almost Presently, protected of system Peru’s rapidly countries, the to ing related is activities their the of both content e in nature-based changes the recent and of elements tourists important of most flow the of one country, the of ments central the model. adopting ecotourist necessarily the not of proponents but that by landscapes, tourism outlined identifying natural principles of on way this centrally a Consequently, as focused discussion. tourism is garner ‘nature-based’ afore-mentioned term to the the beginning of adopts Huayhuash, just research many Cordillera are increase, the ecotourism to as of beginning such elements just widely areas are adopted in inflows However, being tourism country. are where the of and areas considerations many relevant in certainly are elements these 318 pnigsse fntoa ak,rsre n rsre.Lk ayohrdevelop- other many Like preserves. and reserves parks, national of system xpanding oto e ra a de otesse fpoetdaes nldn ait of variety a including areas, protected of system the to added was areas new of host vrl,teecagsi osrainadpoetdaesmngmn aecre- have management areas protected and conservation in changes these Overall, history, long a has country the in areas protected national of system the While endow- natural unique the by Peru in areas new to drawn being are tourists While J. Bury Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 enhresdaduiie o etre,alwfravreyo aua resource-based natural of of variety a lack have for allow that and centuries, to resources valleys for water utilized due perennial deep and as harnessed The country well been as state. the peaks, Peruvian the of surrounding the grasslands from rest open support the and from networks transportation isolated livelihoods rural-based area, the 2001). sued in (TMI lived elevations lower people at 18,100 communities that larger estimated the was in concentrated it mostly 2000, Queropalca In of (Ancash, Lima). units communities administrative and national the different Huanuco are three to settled, belong Along lightly areas range. These more the Jesus. and to is points which access slope, of major eastern the communities the also larger are the which are to Chiquian, villages and up these Cajatambo valleys Below Pacllon, Llamac, high Urumaza. include and that the villages Huayllapa five throughout are Pocpa, extend there slopes settlements western the small Along m. and lower 5,000 the range along the dispersed are of Communities 1972). flanks (Hemming 1500s early the least at 1996). Report University Oxford 1990; Krabbe and Fjeldsa 1979; Ferreyra de Cerrate species Quenal threatened bird the including 62 region, the species, in ( species plant mammal dozen 1,000 a than than mountain the more high more and of important identified of one location have being the Studies is Cordillera, world, ecosystems. The the in 2001). chains biological [TMI] mountain and tropical Institute climatic few Mountain paramo, range, forests, (The the montane including of tundra zones, flanks life and distinct the six along least at but for climate, allow conditions dry and cold and September a and by April between season the dry Generally, a ecosystems. by a and punctuated climates is region of the variety of wide climate a for conditions 1964; created (Coney has 1930s early the 8,000 least 1998). than Bartle at more and since covering Kolff Basins. recession glaciers, 1988; Pacific Hidrandina in 115 and been and have lakes Amazon which 50 the hectares, than both more into contains range drain The which gorges range summits. The precipitous clad snow 1998). formed and Bartle ice and of (Kolff ridge m) north-south-trending 6,000 km above 30 these a of of Peruvian consists (six Yerupaj´ the peaks of peak, in major north mountain corridors 15 km tallest mountain as 200 second twenty country’s and of the Huaraz one has of Cordillera, Andes, south continental The the km 2). along 35 located (Figure Andes, is Lima Peruvian wash’) Central ‘why a the pronounced of to rodent, divide small (a attention of Huayhuash its type Cordillera a turns The for article Huayhuash. Peruvian this Cordillera Central the the changes, in tourists highlands, these for destination interrogate popular increasingly to but new relatively begin to order In Huayhuash Cordillera – Context Research P an eidbtenOtbradMrh h ihvlesadpasaedominated are peaks and valleys high The March. and October between period rainy olylepis itrcly h omnte urudn h odleaHahahhv pur- have Huayhuash Cordillera the surrounding communities the Historically, since Huayhuash Cordillera the of resources the utilized have populations Human km) 20 than less (in m 6,634 to m 3,000 below from range, the of relief The have that lakes and streams glacial by corrugated been have ridge the of flanks The ) ln n h aeAda odr( Condor Andean rare the and plant e egahe fTuimi Peru in Tourism of Geographies New V lu gryphus ultur )( a W 664m,a well as m), (6,634 brae 1945; eberbauer Quechua w 319 ord Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 320 J. Bury

Figure 2. The Cordillera Huayhuash region Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 oya tbcm ao riigbs o hnn ahrbl,arvltoaygroup revolutionary a rebels, Path Shining for base training major a Matthews, became it 1954; as (Sack, tory Yates 2005). Simon Frimer 1994; and Neate Simpson 1988; Simpson, publicized Joe 1981; widely and by Bartle the 1959; range in Grande culminated the Siula which map peaks, of major 1986, to climb the and of continued most 1954 expeditions of Between ascents small make 1954). and Schneider parties and several climbing and (Kinzl collegiate Rasac Yerupaja Siula, of climb ascent first to the quality the attempts and high enter region a to entire included the began which of survey expedition, mountaineers topographic 1936 first famous above Kinzl’s the Hans peaks thereafter the including other Shortly area, through several 1929). and passed Yerupaja (Miller of in expedition m height area Society 6,000 the the calculated Geographic described accurately American and who the area Sievers, Wilhelm 1927, was geographer In area development German the detail. towards by re-explore bias to 1909 a expedition and in European services large-scale made public first The roads, areas. of coastal lack in to due country the region. of the of liberation de his Simon during as route such Pizarro’s liberators along passed and who explorers Bolivar, rebels, communities, region highland the then, hosted Since 66). has 1972: in (Hemming covered difficulty’ so great and experienced mountainous we was that Pizarro Huayhuash his snow ‘road the Cordillera of that Hernando the part stating across Huanuco, as 1533, to struggled region Cajatambo Pizarro In the from empire. visit Incan empire. to the European Incan of first survey between the the initial links was of key Pizarro) as Francisco areas of served constructed southern (brother and were corridors empire and routes mountain Incan northern transportation rugged the Major the the into of Spaniards. integrated sides the well both of along were arrival Andes the Central to the prior of valleys high The T Huayhuash Cordillera the in Tourism of Origins Historical country. integrate the transforming to processes begun More some economic have Huaraz. larger and region the the centre, cheese into in sell regional communities tourism local and the support work to and opportunities part-time Cajatambo new for recently, Chiquian, country in the products of artisanal areas the to other migration and upon 1998a, relied (TMI coast have quantities historically consumption households for small Finally, mules and in transportation. cattle and and sheep, of elevations herds small lower graze at also Households corn 1999b). and and potatoes crops of decades. variety tuber a recent barley, other wheat, in of place cultivation the taken glaciers include the has pursuits by parcelization Agricultural the collectively some either below held as individually, is land which or of region, community the hectare of primarily communities Every the dedicated production. to corresponds are livestock region and the agricultural in to Livelihoods strategies. production livelihood uimi h odleaHahahi otdi h einsrc itrclheritage. historical rich region’s the in rooted is Huayhuash Cordillera the in ourism ytemd18steCrilr uyus sue e oei euinhis- Peruvian in role new a assumed Huayhuash Cordillera the mid-1980s the By rest the from isolated quite was region the century twentieth the of beginning the By e egahe fTuimi Peru in Tourism of Geographies New 321 Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 ae20,adb c fCnrs,anwntoa osrainzn a rae in created was zone conservation national in new thereafter, a Shortly Congress, 2001). of (TMI act region by the and in 2002, zone late conservation new a for dation river 2000). the (Kolff in reduced quality significantly water land was and an communities and 1999, both punctured in water sustaining Pocpa Mitsui region’s and after the Llamac above significantly on aquifer heightened operations underground were mining concerns new These of resources. impacts 1998b; the 1998a, with (TMI area cerned the for protection national K gaining to of begun possibility organization were efforts the non-governmental initial study environments, US-based mountain tourists high a protecting of on Institute, influx intent con- (NGO) Mountain In new efforts. the The exploration mining of with new and impacts junction circuit the climbing and conservation about trekking international the concerns visiting and express national to with began conjunction groups, in con- communities mid-1990s, of range, the content the By and intensified. surrounding also form have the range the over in debates priorities servation processes, social wider into and integrated economic been has political, Huayhuash Cordillera the unclear. As still efforts. conservation are new projects hydroelectric and mining these of However, future future. and the in status debates the conservation and development ecological and of enormous features and is key region to are roads the they projects new of new livelihoods to and these landscapes of lead the potential reconfigure also The dramatically community. would of the construction and above the canyons Huayllapa in in near disturbances result tunnels would proposed of that firm plants km hydroelectric electrical Norwegian 57 new a two 2002, in of addition, construction In the surround- well. and as within mineral both range new initiated the of been ing have host activities A exploration 2000). and claims (Kolff Peru rights several networks link Smelting now transportation that and larger roads new Mining to of Mitsui series communities a mid-1990s constructed and the area tourist the in in facilitated example, operations began and For networks area. the transportation automotive to travel to region the operations These coun- linked 2007). the have 2005, by 2004, (Bury buoyed orientation schemes, export-led neoliberal generation new power try’s and transnational operations for (TMI mining destination activities important national an climbing and become and recently observation, also has wildlife region trekking, The region 2001). in visited the tourists engage in international to 2,000 tourism region approximately for the trekking 2001, safer In and progressively rapidly. became climbing increase region to national After the began 1990s, and encounters. early dangerous international the increasingly thus in these war travel, nearly civil to had the due tourists of 1980s, range end the the the of in end travel the to By robberies. ceased and threats resulted and death which train violence, parties, to armed rebels in encountered for region location the safe in a expeditions as Because Several served organize. order. it social remote, and new inaccessible a was establishing area the and government the overthrowing on intent 322 lfadBrl 98 of n oa 97.Iiily omnte eems con- most were communities Initially, 1997). Tohan and Kolff 1998; Bartle and olff n20,TIcnutdabodypriiaoysuyitne opoietefoun- the provide to intended study participatory broadly a conducted TMI 2001, In Peru’s in involved centrally become also has Huayhuash Cordillera the Finally, J. Bury Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 aacd sms fteatneswr omnt aos n h oisdiscussed topics the and mayors, community well were was attendees meetings the of the most in as Participation represen- balanced, region. by the attended throughout was communities which region, of the tatives in communities. activities tourism local and with conservation on interfacing tourists been of have movement they and how P diversity and extent, size, region the the into throughout insights the as to com- well depth repeated historical as and through research, context important accomplished provided was interviews These which were visits. informants munity sample, Key snowball region. a the in using working guides, selected and and visiting staff households support society personnel, expedition civil agency and presidents), governmental organization representatives, community NGO and and peace the of (including justices communities several mayors, from in- leaders Key with chain. conducted mountain were the interviews in formant tourism upon focusing resources NGO and society civil the visiting key tourists region. with research, archival interviews and - observation techniques participant qualitative interviews, utilized of informant mix methods a The included were households. research they and field how and during communities region, local the into impacting flows conserva- new tourist and evaluate new interfacing of to nature were the research Peru, field in the models months Peru, of tion eight goals in for The conservation Huayhuash 2006. and and Cordillera 2005 tourism the during in both conducted in was changes research recent field intensive these examine to order In Methods Research private for requests similar submitted has Since range areas. 2005). conservation the Peruano in (El community areas every conservation nearly private then, new Huayllapa grant- and 0909-2005-AG) Agriculture Pacllon and of of ing (0908-2005-AG Ministry role the resolutions the 2005, two and In property emitted minimal. private be simultaneously will is efforts protected management be in to state national land the the the within areas, national areas protected the conservation of as than system recognized rather be communities, will local they by While conservation controlled government. private and of managed These group be region. a will the lo- areas create in Instead, would areas area. that whom, conservation the plans by private in management and community-led new zone managed initiated conservation be have national to communities the are cal create lands to new re- efforts these a oppose which been now in has by ways there motivated communities, the then, Local over Since region. concerns the 2). in (Figure efforts conservation unit in would conservation shift that markable technical new protection a the of and level to zone the granted reserved determine be to a INRENA as by region ap- created the was designated in commission temporarily land of Agriculture hectares of 67,000 Ministry proximately The Huayhuash. Cordillera the riiatosrainatvte nlddatnac targoa okhpfocusing workshop regional a at attendance included activities observation articipant rhvlrsac a odce sn oenetlrsucsadavreyof variety a and resources governmental using conducted was research Archival e egahe fTuimi Peru in Tourism of Geographies New 323 Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 ruso orsstekn hog h ein ovnec apewsutilized, was sample convenience A region. the through bu trekking tourists of groups wa and years. coming within in research both region participatory conflict the future in for of activities foundation areas and a establish identify to to and boundaries communities, activities, community between resource-use establish to and helped land- database the and of construction the exer- conduct and These to households. cises order and leaders in community constructed information with was exercises geographical mapping datasets participatory new raster a and vector scales, both international utilizing and database national the the of collection both all data at extensive nearly with efforts from conjunction in representatives Furthermore, of region. variety the in a communities with of of working months impacts several and during environmental trekking conducted and hiking, was observation economic participant the external addition, In with and tourists. relations NGOs, areas, and conservation agencies new government for plans security, tourism included 324 fCiua.Sne20,toipratetnin ntergoa rnpr system transport regional the in extensions the town important in the arrives two through which and is 2000, range Lima Since Lima, the in to Chiquian. from access begins of there, generally From transport side Huaraz. that northern of by transport town The visited by reached Cajatambo. frequently reached in is is terminates range range and the valley the of River of Pativilca the side up south winds The Lima. in bu conditions. weather isolated in and variation remote dramatic fishing, with experiences birds, and the migratory camping of of flocks peaks large include vegetation, the route altitude the summit high of to Attractions 2). seeking (Figure elevation Climbers in av basis. m 6,000 daily than through a more trek reach on area generally m tourists up 1,000 and system wind elevation than trail range, in The more mountain changes passes. the significant altitude of by high punctuated flanks traverse is both and along valleys follow glaciated that heavily through trails of km bird 160 trekking, than altitude high include which w opportunities, adventure and landscapes T Huayhuash Cordillera the in Flows Tourism New the and followed route the stay, the the of trip. during duration the utilized the of group, services purpose The each local survey. in of travelling nature the people the during of stay, number concern- collected origin, tourists were of from country people information ing gathering 191 on for focused interviews data semi-structured Overall, 2006. of July uit iiigteCrilr uyus r rw rmrl otergo’ natural region’s the to primarily drawn are Huayhuash Cordillera the visiting ourists thn,cibn n apn.Tuitrue aebe eeoe cosmore across developed been have routes Tourist camping. and climbing atching, t ti ial,drn he-ekpro nJl f20,asm-tutrdsurvey semi-structured a 2006, of July in period three-week a during Finally, cest h odleaHahahhscagdsgicnl ic h ae1990s, late the since significantly changed has Huayhuash Cordillera the to Access s reyo lca ae,so-ldpas hlegn ehia lmigroutes, climbing technical challenging peaks, snow-clad lakes, glacial of ariety nlddnal l ftepristaeln hog h eindrn ueand June during region the through travelling parties the of all nearly included odce ihtuit iiigtergo.Itriw eecnutdwt 32 with conducted were Interviews region. the visiting tourists with conducted s J. tl iie rmrl otodfeetetypit,bt fwihoriginate which of both points, entry different two to primarily limited still Bury Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 hc aesotndtae ie.I diin ae nkyifratinterviews, informant key on based addition, In times. the travel days. region, in shortened 7–8 the in have stay throughout circuit networks which average entire transportation improved the the of doing however, reflective were partially 2005, groups is many This In and days range. nine the only was in groups region tourist days 2000, 12–15 region to the spending Prior in (pre-2000). were tourists periods of previous routes from and visiting significantly duration are diverge the America Finally, Latin 1). from from (Figure different tourists and increasingly significantly suggests Peru guides is which tourism, This informants, on region. data the key national to more the which flows for tourist are something new accounts America the area, Latin Israel in from represented the countries First, few Secondly, in exceptions. repeatedly. key noted tourists communities few local of a third with a but than 1), (Figure Peru Singapore. part and were to Arabia they Saudi because Mexico, table, Rica, the Costa in Austria, included include groups, not activity mixed Countries tourist of examines 2006. further during 1 number Table area range. (total one the the days from in in 291 size present) of were in total groups a ranging all spent days tourists (England) of of people composed 16 groups data, to parties, Zealand) interview different (New on person 32 Based from region. people the 191 visited of Europe, and America North 2001). (TMI year growth each of area future the town visit of may the people Estimates 10,000 visiting than region. more tourists 2010 the by of that visited suggest records people region community increased 2,500 the on approximately visited numbers based people Llamac, These 2,000 2005, than 1997. In more 2001). in that suggest (TMI region estimates the as 2000, visited by quickly people 1,000 that example, for late (1998), estimated the Bartle and By decades, Kolff significantly. region. Key increased several the had visited numbers numbers. for tourists these hundred 1990s industry overall several 1990s trekking in early tourists the the of in increase in that Estimates indicated involved substantial time. been fairly of have amount a who shorter interviewees, illustrate on a focus region often in groups the range Trekking the visiting locations. few of a circuit on a focus more completing often spend and generally far range the parties parties in expedition trekking time comprised and and Climbing were hiking groups. predominantly today, However, climbing groups outnumber parties. tourist expedition most and 1990, climbing to of Prior 1990s. early the the into town. trekking tourists the above begin of kilometres or flow several new Llamac valley the a of high facilitated community the service also the in to has in Smelting disembark it the generally and but Tourists above region, Mining region. the kilometres Mitsui in several by operating extends constructed Chiquian mine and between was constructed Pacllon), road been The by has town. passes highway new (which a new Llamac range, a and range, the On the of Huayllapa. of side and side Cajatambo north link south the eventually will the that On construction region. under is the highway to access tourist transformed have vrl,tentoa rgno orssprlested nitrainltourism international in trends parallels tourists of origin national the Overall, from mainly countries, different 16 least at from tourists international 2006, During since significantly changed have region the to travelling tourists of numbers The e egahe fTuimi Peru in Tourism of Geographies New 325 Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 n aaab n nosalrcmuiista o r evdb e trans- new significant by historically these served in are important now still is that tourism communities While smaller networks. Chiquian portation into of and communities gateway Cajatambo have important networks and historically tourism that the fact beyond the on extended primarily been based region, the in created being are in companies tour international and national region. of the the in influence tourists the of and and impacts environmental communities watersheds most the fragile for tourism, the opportunities from region, income economic the earn new to in to households interna- conducted related and research national are the new impacts of on significant forging Based the linkages. transportation and economic new parks of tional private construction of the to creation in clearly the impacts most networks, related tourism-related are reconfigure impacts spatially These Cordillera to region. the begun around also ecotourists of have flows Huayhuash increasing and conservation of forms New T region. the Huayllapa in into glaciers of completed recession is the road to new due traversable the become as passes time continue several as of to of and likely compression amount is This the stay range. lessen of the duration of to following the circumnavigation order were entire one- in the they region nearly complete that the to example, necessary indicated through For routes 2006 area. shortened during the or interviewed in partial tourists spent days the fewer of in following quarter now longer result are plan tourists that guides, many routes and patterns, travel cooks shorter of mules, terms to in related Moreover, hiking. costs of cut days to effort an in groups, many 326 T ie 893319 323 9 38 6 Mixed e eln 0 8 8 1 1 Zealand New utai 22 1 24 12 2 1 Australia aaa1351 1 15 5 3 1 Canada rln 51 25 8 3 1 Ireland egu 23 1 36 12 3 1 Belgium pi 42 24 6 4 1 Spain emn 43 54 9 6 2 Germany rne2796 3 60 9 7 2 France US nln 111 41 4 England sal87 7 70 8 Israel of Country uimImpacts ourism tl3 9 9 191 32 otal origin n infiatfidn fti td sta e cnmcadsca relationships social and economic new that is study this of finding significant One A J. Bury ubrof Number T be1. able parties 41311 T uit iiigteCrilr uyus 2006 Huayhuash Cordillera the visiting ourists ubrof number people T otal uainof duration Av stay erage . . . . 215 100 1759 02 5166 156 25 55221 532 75 55336 503 25 person-days ubrof number T otal ecnaeof Percentage nsample in tourists ...... 9 5 6 6 6 6 1 1 7 8 5 6 Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 h rvso fsrie niae htte anu o$S0–0 erworking year with a involved $US400–500 most to up interviewees earn rates, they highest that the indicated services are of these provision While the day. a are $US5 income to of $US25 sources earn generally These guides a paid care-takers. highest the animal tourists, example, For to and households. equipment for cooks significant camping guides, households and addition, as mules In serving providing tourists. and by to income services new provide generating tourist- to are to and then, up stores opportunities hostels, springing since new few are town, but had each restaurants pursuits, Within significantly. households livelihood increased 1990s, has traditional income late related of the outside to income been Prior always generate region. have the activities in cash-generating because scarce particularly income, of source are changes these of of many collection which occur. the through to beginning, avenue likely just the are only communities are by provide objectives fees tourists, these tourist communi- meet of the to impacts in efforts development ecological While economic the ties. foster minimize and conservation to for able resources be direct will they management that their in plans argued (In- have ecotourism communities 2007), of Society notions Ecotourism accepted of ternational most forms the sustainable of one more following into Generally, effectively ecotourism. more con- tourism integrate to and able development be servation, will communities private that new is the plans of management proposition area central conservation One future. the in activities tourism-related able not would dollars. which tourist of without in accomplished income many been new improvements, have soles this infrastructure 25,000 invest collected and the to town) planning largely (since through conservation chosen passes region have range the the Communities in of dollars). side community ($US7,500 north gateway 2005, the fees important in on example, These road most For new range. the communities. mountain the is for the which income of of Llamac, sides source both crucial a along become lands have individual community each access cross tourist to to charge pertaining to fees began holdings communities ago, land zones years private boundaries these several Beginning and spatial As community. their communal region. management, of the community reflective in and are zones property conservation private private on new based the are of creation the to be- upon income-generating have household drawing which and opportunities. now welfare networks, community economic are for new important groups have into extremely changes come trekking communities These local many cooks. integrate and that to horses and mules, begun fact guides, Pacllon the porters, Huayllapa, for to communities Llamac, these due including is com- range, into This mountain extended Pocpa. the been have to networks closer tourism munities the of most communities, gateway a o evcs nmlcr-aescner pt U1 a n ue otup cost mules and day a $US15 to up earn can care-takers animal services, for day mn oshlsi h omnte,tuimhsas eoea important an become also has tourism communities, the in households Among sustain- more of promotion the for important also is fees tourist of collection The largely related are region the of communities for income of sources new Important e egahe fTuimi Peru in Tourism of Geographies New 327 Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 nterne a utoe ,0 as xrpltn rmti ubr tcnbe can it number, this from of Extrapolating estimate days. people an of 1,700 number on over total (based just the estimated of was percent analysed. range, ten was the approximately trail) the of in on sample (the spent a range time for the of figure, in duration spent This the person-days by of environmental multiplied number the people total understand of the to number spending trail, effort the are an on tourists In people point. days of this impacts of illustrate number 1) (Table the area on the no in collected are Data waste, quickly. there human degraded Since regulate been 2). to initiated (Figure been areas have key efforts w few few and a most camping terrain, in for mountainous congregate guidelines the to of gradient tend throughout altitudinal parties severe zones the tourist camping to due formal no and, or are range regulations the There managers, watersheds. high-altitude area fragile protected the national on impacts environmental their to opportunities. income-generating for sources critical represent still flows tourist region new spending, the tourist in decreased of regardless goods and of tourists, provision to the and services in and involved informants marginally households key in for impacts even by economic Overall, of and region. repeatedly generation the the goods noted in shift fewer was important an This purchasing represents and periods. are households, shorter groups shortened, for tourist have locals region, times hiring of trekking the quantities as throughout significant However, purchase average, trail. did on the they along but local communities trek, hiring of the from groups terms in food tourist in assist the self-reliant to was all animals group Of or one region. people only the research, in field the services in and included goods purchases or people hires the in income household annual average of half communities. nearly represents This tourists. with 328 oiyo ors olr la’oto hs onre Hny19;Yug2001). Young ma- 1999; the (Honey countries that these been of has out countries ‘leak’ developing research dollars in critical in tourist of companies tourism decades of tour of of jority observations international impacts significant and the most national the analysing of of One influence region. increasing the the place. to first the lated in very and area the the scale threaten to ecosystems the tourists fragile drawn but have very removal, that the landscapes on litter natural impacts and tourist services of nature latrine long-term sporadic these address providing to beginning by are guides issues and communities Local populations, serious. fish very becoming declining paper, waste of become to proliferation ove attempt have the not parties, did impacts, research trekking these this support quantify While observation. that casual animals through even the notable, and quite region, the in spending 2006. during range the in days 20,000 than more spent sewtr okn ra,fihn ciiiso h rzn faias hs ra have areas these animals, of grazing the or activities fishing areas, cooking water, aste n ftems infiatipcso e oso orssit h eini related is region the into tourists of flows new of impacts significant most the of One either region the into travelling group every nearly data, survey the on Based ial,aohripratipc fnwflw ftuit notergo sre- is region the into tourists of flows new of impact important another Finally, are people days of number large this of impacts the years several past the In r rzdln,dgae ae,cmgon itr n oto te mat are impacts other of host a and litter, campground water, degraded land, grazed J. Bury c . ,0 orssvstn h ra httourists that area) the visiting tourists 2,500 Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 ors osadsca n h niomna mat ftuit ntefaiehigh fragile the in tourists of impacts environmental the and new conservation, social of models and Cordillera new flows the to related tourist placed debates have new of Peru forefront in the at conservation Huayhuash and tourism in shifts Contemporary Research Further for Questions and Conclusions the in fu- control the their in consolidate communities further local companies impor- so-called for area. international raises activities and other This such national many dol- of as 2001). parallel promise ture tourism Young the to (e.g. of about begun America leakage questions has tant Latin the Huayhuash throughout Overall, Cordillera areas region. the ecotourist the host of in providers a out disputes generated service lars and has cheapest it conflicts communities, the new among the hire of and into often between sig- competition employees companies opportunities promote outside tour and income-generating of- bringing because households’ by by affect and, animals to or and nificantly begun providers companies cooks has tour local guides, This the many for to region. offer clients, downwards fees to more prices smaller order have drive attract in fering they to to treks begun clients, order of also in for duration have addition, compete and length In to overall rates. begun the cheapest have shorten compa- Huaraz to tour in begun transnational also based as agencies example, For and significant. nies become already have huash tour transnational by organized were 2006 during operators. range that groups the tour through large the travelling significant of were for most account example, to For business. begun have tourism-related companies begun of These recently quantities have range. countries the other into and tours USA host market the a to UK, addition, the In in years. the based recent to companies in treks large significantly tourist of offer increased to has begun which had 2001), Huaraz (TMI in area By based dollars. agencies tourist tour new national attract marketing to 24 internet 2001, well-organized the on begun and also forums countries international have in the campaigns companies and These Lima groups. organize and Huaraz, trekking services offer in large to began companies 1) (Table originate tour tourists access of improve, numbers and large to where increase began to began region flows the tourist to as Chiquian However, mules, to guides, caretakers. travel local animal contract then and to and cooks range Cajatambo mountain the or surrounding Huaraz communities local either or in supplies purchase to had the in arrive to in- begun to have begun companies has tour the dollars international region. In ecotourist and areas. national of large leakage local as the from in- crease Huayhuash, revenues an Cordillera and these the companies of extracts tourist case that of organization economy transnational political the ternational to largely due is This h mat fti e oiia cnm feoors nteCrilr Huay- Cordillera the in ecotourism of economy political new this of impacts The usually tourists region, the through trek a in engage to order in 1990s, the to Prior e egahe fTuimi Peru in Tourism of Geographies New 329 Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 hs e raiain eiul usintedge owihlclcommunities local which to degree the question seriously organizations new companies. tour These large of and presence increasing national the into through integrated networks tourist being of international resolution is the Huayhuash to Cordillera contribute the to Lastly, and concerns. occuring these are seri- elabo- changes to to these needed which threatens is in research ways watersheds New the region. mountain rate the high of resources the ecological in the degrade people ously new of quantities impacts large environmental the of illustrate, communi- findings among case-study the and as between importantly, arising More as ties. are well that as conflicts area, strident the increasingly of and populations new human across uneven impacts the ecotourism-related towards elaborate of directed and nature be understand should attention to Particular order relationships. in these needed on fully is work more com- much and these but livelihoods activities, household examine for munity to changes these begins on of only ecotourism analysis brief article of a This impacts through questions region. the the of in examinations communities rigorous and more households for need a is there gests Peru, is in it forged how and being the occurring in is development is country. economic this and which tourism change environmental in of of ways the understanding the our of geography shifting examine edge to riverine new begin the and could a along work forests interest indeed, future of country, tropical If, sites the country, Basin. historical of the and Amazon areas destinations of other coastal circuit needed in new tourist is areas, shifting be northern research might new the networks Huayhuash, including tourism Cordillera how the examine to on exclusively focuses article of a side eastern the along interest of sites range. archaeological the into and quickly landscapes expanding This been natural created. has the activity are tourism-related objectives new tourism as salient and likely particularly networks are is changes transportation These new travel. for as spent networks intensify new generally creating to have are tourists and area years the several in past time activity. the less tourist of in duration illustrate, and extent sections nature, previous the in As shifts be might economy, in there tourist ways how country’s as the the well examine into as further to region needed the is integrate research networks continue tourist future which to years, projected coming is in activity rapidly tourism increase to Because region. the in tourism nature-based further for remain emerged, questions of have host a they study which case investigation. the from in presented context place findings and historical the changes on and based these biophysical address to the begins within only communi- article them and this chain While mountain flanks. the its affect along to ties begun have changes environmental, economic new of and host social a illustrate, sections previous the As watersheds. mountain 330 hfigsto cnmcadsca eainhp ihntecuty hl this While country. the within relationships social and economic of set shifting ial,tercn rwho ctuimi h odleaHahahas sug- also Huayhuash Cordillera the in ecotourism of growth recent the Finally, of indicative also is Huayhuash Cordillera the to tourism of growth recent The new in increase rapid fairly a been has there illustrate, sections previous as First, J. Bury Downloaded By: [CDL Journals Account] At: 20:54 28 July 2008 uy .(07 iigadmgaini h euinAndes, Peruvian mining the in Peruvian migration new and Mining the (2007) J. and Bury, livelihoods tenure, land neoliberalism, Caja- mountains: in Mining change (2005) local J. and Bury, operations mining gold transnational transition: in Livelihoods Peru, (2004) in J. use Bury, wildlife sustainable and development Rural (2001) P. E. Lozano, & R. Bodmer, (1981) J. Bartle, References rcat .(97 idvriyadcnevto nTmeinEudradPeru, Dissertation, and Phd Ecuador Tumbesian Peru, in Huayhuash, conservation and Cordillera Biodiversity the (1997) J. of Cracraft, the of geography and Geology (1964) Zone, P. Coney, Buffer and Park National Huascaran (1979) E. the Ferreyra, de Cerrate in change landscape Contemporary (2000) A. Byers, lPrao(05 eooe ´ Reconocen (2005) Peruano Peru, of El study case a development: neo-liberal and institutions tourism State (2000) L. Desforges, K K (1954) E. Schneider, & H. 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Forschung geographische der weitere in Haushalte und Gemeinschaften ¨ die Gr¨ sowie Kordillere die Huayhuash- Beitrags dieses nisse P aushtgbee n i is etae u ¨ zum beitragen diese wie und Aktivit¨ Naturschutzgebieten tourismusverbundenen neuen diese welche uber ettdee rie i au e gegenw¨ der be- Natur Huayhuash-Kordillere der die Fallstudie Artikel eine Durch dieser beitragen. wertet Land im Tourismus des ographien ¨ Ver W ¨ Forschung Diese Huayhuash-Kordillere der in Naturtourismus Naturschutz Peru: und in Tourismus des Geographien Neue Zusammenfassung: contribu´ ont conservation de formes nouvelles les et global g´ tourisme le actuels, P´ au servation r´ nouveaux les ici examine On evalu´ osraindn acordill` la dans conservation R´ ´ ´ ¨ slaspicpu beu nuiiatpuiusm´ plusieurs utilisant en obtenus principaux esultats orpisd orsedn epy.Dn ecsd’´ cas le Dans pays. le dans tourisme de eographies e` ltk airn u ie icmtoice ulttvnAst eectndeHauptergeb- die beleuchten Ansatz qualitativen mischmethodischem einem auf Basierend olitik. esum´ nlne nPr.Dbibluhe isrBirg i gegenw¨ wie Beitrag, dieser beleuchtet Dabei Peru. in andlungen cqeqe usin oruerceceg´ recherche une pour questions quelques ec a neugn e lbl orsu n eeFre e aushte udnnunGe- neuen den zu Naturschutzes des Formen neue und Tourismus globale der anderungen, e hneet aslsAndes. les dans changements ces el orter: es: a :NuelsG´ Nouvelles e: auedsagettosr´ augmentations des nature T uim,cnevto,P´ conservation, ourisme, T uims ausht,Pr,Huayhuash-Kordillere Peru, Naturschutz, ourismus, ru efiat e ril lutecmetlscagmnspltqe t´ et politiques changements les comment illustre article cet faisant, Ce erou. uberpr¨ spu e orse ’riuetae e ovle oe ecnevto et conservation de zones nouvelles les avec s’articulent touristes les pour es f eeTuimsezek,Ntrcuzsweszaeud¨ und soziale sowie Naturschutz Tourismusnetzwerke, neue uft orpisd orsea P´ au tourisme du eographies ß n i uamnezn e ee orsuznhe der Tourismuszunahmen neuen der Zusammensetzung die und oße saxd orsee e hneet oiu,´ sociaux, changements les et tourisme de eseaux knmshnudszae uwrugndee Aktivit¨ dieser Auswirkungen sozialen und okonomischen brdeWg,wedrTuimsz isnWnlne nden in Wandlungen diesen zu Tourismus der wie Wege, die uber r Huayhuash ere ru cordill` erou, cne utuim asl cordill` la dans tourisme du ecentes sdn e communaut´ les dans es cne unmr etuitsdn ar´ la dans touristes de nombre du ecentes rie orsuznhei e ein i Wege die Region, der in Tourismuszunahme artigen orpiu otnesrl fa¸ la sur continue eographique r Huayhuash ere e egahe fTuimi Peru in Tourism of Geographies New cnmqe,pltqe tevrneetu.Les environnementaux. et politiques economiques, toe ulttvsd´ qualitatives ethodes rlce adli met itcatund Wirtschaft Umwelt, in Wandel ortlichen td asl cordill` la dans etude tni ehebzeugsee i neuen mit stehen Wechselbeziehung in aten se e m´ les et es ru:tuim entr et nature de tourisme : erou riepltsh n ¨ und politische artige ngsd ar´ la de enages r uyus tlsimpacts les et Huayhuash ere mnrn ’mltd et l’amplitude emontrent r eHahah na on Huayhuash, de ere o otl orseest tourisme le dont con cnmqe te con- en et economiques go,l fa¸ la egion, go.O conclut On egion. e` ad okonomische okonomische economiques e nouvelles o dont con tnauf aten rdie ur 333