The Missouri State Archives Where History Begins Winter/Spring 2020
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Prestige Affects Cultural Learning in Chimpanzees
Prestige Affects Cultural Learning in Chimpanzees Victoria Horner1*, Darby Proctor1, Kristin E. Bonnie2, Andrew Whiten3, Frans B. M. de Waal1 1 Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Lawrenceville, Georgia, United States of America, 2 Department of Psychology, Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin, United States of America, 3 Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom Abstract Humans follow the example of prestigious, high-status individuals much more readily than that of others, such as when we copy the behavior of village elders, community leaders, or celebrities. This tendency has been declared uniquely human, yet remains untested in other species. Experimental studies of animal learning have typically focused on the learning mechanism rather than on social issues, such as who learns from whom. The latter, however, is essential to understanding how habits spread. Here we report that when given opportunities to watch alternative solutions to a foraging problem performed by two different models of their own species, chimpanzees preferentially copy the method shown by the older, higher-ranking individual with a prior track-record of success. Since both solutions were equally difficult, shown an equal number of times by each model and resulted in equal rewards, we interpret this outcome as evidence that the preferred model in each of the two groups tested enjoyed a significant degree of prestige in terms of whose example other chimpanzees chose to follow. Such prestige-based cultural transmission is a phenomenon shared with our own species. If similar biases operate in wild animal populations, the adoption of culturally transmitted innovations may be significantly shaped by the characteristics of performers. -
Learned Vocal and Breathing Behavior in an Enculturated Gorilla
Anim Cogn (2015) 18:1165–1179 DOI 10.1007/s10071-015-0889-6 ORIGINAL PAPER Learned vocal and breathing behavior in an enculturated gorilla 1 2 Marcus Perlman • Nathaniel Clark Received: 15 December 2014 / Revised: 5 June 2015 / Accepted: 16 June 2015 / Published online: 3 July 2015 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract We describe the repertoire of learned vocal and relatively early into the evolution of language, with some breathing-related behaviors (VBBs) performed by the rudimentary capacity in place at the time of our last enculturated gorilla Koko. We examined a large video common ancestor with great apes. corpus of Koko and observed 439 VBBs spread across 161 bouts. Our analysis shows that Koko exercises voluntary Keywords Breath control Á Gorilla Á Koko Á Multimodal control over the performance of nine distinctive VBBs, communication Á Primate vocalization Á Vocal learning which involve variable coordination of her breathing, lar- ynx, and supralaryngeal articulators like the tongue and lips. Each of these behaviors is performed in the context of Introduction particular manual action routines and gestures. Based on these and other findings, we suggest that vocal learning and Examining the vocal abilities of great apes is crucial to the ability to exercise volitional control over vocalization, understanding the evolution of human language and speech particularly in a multimodal context, might have figured since we diverged from our last common ancestor. Many theories on the origins of language begin with two basic premises concerning the vocal behavior of nonhuman pri- mates, especially the great apes. They assume that (1) apes (and other primates) can exercise only negligible volitional control over the production of sound with their vocal tract, and (2) they are unable to learn novel vocal behaviors beyond their species-typical repertoire (e.g., Arbib et al. -
A Theology for Koko Continued from Page 1 and Transgender People in the Sacramental Life of the Church While Resisting Further Discrimination
GTU Where religion meets the world news of the Graduate Theological Union Spring 2011 Building a world where many voices A Theology are heard: 2 Daniel Groody/ for Koko Immigration 4 Ruth Myers/ Same-Gender Blessings 6 Doug Herst/Creating …and all a Diverse Community 7 GTU News creatures 9 GTU great and ANNUAL small REPORT 2009 – 2010 Koko signs “Love” Copyright © 2011 The Gorilla Foundation / Koko.org Photo by Ronald Cohn ast summer, Ph.D. Candidate Marilyn chimpanzee, Washoe, focuses her current work Matevia returned to the Gorilla on the ethics side of conservation. “Western- L Foundation to visit Koko, the 40-year- ers in general think of justice in terms of a old lowland gorilla who learned to speak social contract, and non-human animal inter- American Sign Language and to understand ests are largely excluded because animals don’t English when she was a baby. Koko, known fit our beliefs about the kinds of beings who A mass extinction best for her communication skills with a get to participate in the contract,” she says. “ vocabulary of more than 1000 signs and a “I want to encourage humans to give more event caused by good understanding of spoken English, is the weight to the interests of other animals when human activities chief ambassador for her critically endangered those interests conflict and collide with our is a crisis of species. Matevia hadn’t seen Koko since own. My thesis, Casting the Net: Prospects working with her as a research associate from Toward a Theory of Social Justice for All, poses morality, spirituality, 1997 to 2000. -
Obituary: Deborah L. Moore, Ph.D
African Primates 12:71-73 (2017)/ 71 Obituary: Deborah L. Moore, Ph.D. (8 October 1964 - 22 March 2016) by Gráinne McCabe1 and Carolyn Ehardt2 1Institute of Conservation Science & Learning, Bristol Zoological Society, Clifton, Bristol, UK; 2Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA Deborah L. Moore lost her six-year battle with cancer on 22 March 2016, at age 51. With her passing, the primatological community has lost a professional who had, in her all too brief career, contributed in exceptional ways to our understanding of Africa’s great apes, while seeking to translate scientific study to effective conservation for these highly threatened primates. Born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Deb pursued undergraduate training in biological anthropology at Georgia State University, completing a comparative paleoanthropological honor’s thesis examining hominin skeletal morphology with Frank Williams. It was post her BA degree that she first honed and focused her professional interest on the behavioural ecology of chimpanzees, participating in a multi- year research project at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center in association with Drs. Frans de Waal and Kristin Bonnie. Inspired to pursue behavioural ecology research with chimpanzees in Africa and motivated to effectively merge field- based ecological study with conservation, Deb Deborah Moore in Ugalla, Tanzania. began pursuit of a Ph.D. at the University of Georgia, working with Carolyn L. Ehardt in the Department they also represented opportunity to investigate of Anthropology’s focused doctoral program in how a population living under significant resource Environmental and Ecological Anthropology. constraints and exhibiting exceptionally large home Transferring to the University of Texas at San ranges could differ in their socioecology from Antonio with Ehardt to become one of the original the more traditionally studied forest populations. -
Marie Vergamini1,2, Dr. Meredith Bastian1, Dr. Amy L. Rector2 1 Smithsonian National Zoo, 2 Virginia Commonwealth University
Managing Sociality of a Captive Breeding Bornean Orangutan from Pre-gestation to Post-partum at The Smithsonian's National Zoo Marie Vergamini1,2, Dr. Meredith Bastian1, Dr. Amy L. Rector2 1 Smithsonian National Zoo, 2 Virginia Commonwealth University Introduction Results The Association of Zoos and Aquariums’ Orangutan Species Survival Plan® (SSP) aims to maintain 100 Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) of underrepresented mitochondrial lineages. Because of the high required investment in breeding individuals of these lineages and what often manifests as a “mismatch” of compatible orangutan personalities, it is essential that zoos understand how best to manage sociality of potential mothers. To improve management and reproductive success of these animals, more observational research needs to be conducted from pre-gestation to through the infant’s first year of dependency. This studies aims to better understand the role of social behaviors and networks in a captive breeding Bornean female orangutan. Batang (Focal) and Orangutan Management Depending on time and day, orangutans are grouped as follows: • Iris and Kiko paired • Bonnie and Kyle paired • Bonnie and Iris can be paired • Kiko and Kyle can have visual access to each other but not physical access (Male- male competition) • Lucy can have outdoor yard access with Iris, Kiko, and Batang (focal) but only indoor access to Kiko. Social Behaviors and Bonds: • Batang (focal), the “social butterfly”, is able to join either male-female pairs. • Breeding Phase: • Keepers housed Batang (focal) -
Object Permanence in Orangutans, Gorillas, and Black-And-White Ruffed Lemurs
OBJECT PERMANENCE IN ORANGUTANS, GORILLAS, AND BLACK-AND-WHITE RUFFED LEMURS A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty By Suma Mallavarapu In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology Georgia Institute of Technology August, 2009 Copyright © Suma Mallavarapu 2009 Object Permanence in Orangutans, Gorillas, and Black-and-White Ruffed Lemurs Approved by: Dr. Terry L. Maple, Advisor Dr. Tara S. Stoinski School of Psychology School of Psychology Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Fredda Blanchard-Fields Dr. Robert R. Hampton School of Psychology Department of Psychology Georgia Institute of Technology Emory University Dr. Marcus Jackson Marr School of Psychology Date Approved: April 28, 2009 Georgia Institute of Technology ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my committee members, Drs. Terry Maple, Fredda Blanchard- Fields, Jack Marr, Tara Stoinski, and Robert Hampton for their invaluable advice and guidance over the past few years. Special thanks are due to my advisor, Terry Maple, who has always encouraged, inspired, and given me confidence in myself. I also owe a debt of gratitude to Bonnie Perdue, for helping in the data collection, for her patience in answering the countless questions that I had regarding the statistical analysis of the data, and for the time she made for our many talks which improved this project tremendously. Special thanks are due to Zoo Atlanta’s primate care-staff, for making this project possible, and the Georgia Tech Center for Conservation and Behavior for providing excellent resources and opportunities for research and education. I would like to recognize the financial support that made this work possible. -
Revisiting American Indians in Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House Books
"Indians in the House": Revisiting American Indians in Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House Books Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Fatzinger, Amy S. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 23/09/2021 22:15:14 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195771 1 “INDIANS IN THE HOUSE”: REVISITING AMERICAN INDIANS IN LAURA INGALLS WILDER'S LITTLE HOUSE BOOKS by Amy S. Fatzinger _________________________ Copyright © Amy S. Fatzinger 2008 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN AMERICAN INDIAN STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2008 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Amy S. Fatzinger entitled "Indians in the House": Revisiting American Indians in Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House Books and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 4/16/2008 Luci Tapahonso _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 4/16/2008 Mary Jo Fox _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 4/16/2008 Joseph Stauss _______________________________________________________________________ Date: _______________________________________________________________________ Date: Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. -
Volume 36 Special Edition September 2020
THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL GROUP FOR HISTORIC AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SPECIAL EDITION September 2020 © TIGHAR 2020 Special Edition Contents On the Cover For Your Review ..........................................3 The new look of the new book. Chapter 3: The Realization of a Dream ...4 Chapter 4: Teething Troubles ................ 16 About TIGHAR On the Web TIGHAR (pronounced “tiger”) is an acronym for The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery, a 501(c)(3) non-profit educational http://www.tighar.org foundation. TIGHAR’s activities include: Board of Directors • Investigating aviation and aerospace histori- cal questions and mysteries through archival research, forensic data analysis, and archeo- William Carter, Boise, Idaho logical expeditions. Richard E. Gillespie, Oxford, Pennsylvania • Producing papers, publications, and videos Jeffrey Glickman, Woodinville, Washington to further the foundation’s educational mis- sion. John Masterson, Casper, Wyoming • Providing expert historical and archaeologi- Andrew M. McKenna, Boulder, Colorado cal research to government agencies for Lee Paynter, Atglen, Pennsylvania evaluation of cultural resources related to Gary F. Quigg, Crawfordsville, Indiana aviation/aerospace. Mark Smith, Jersey City, New Jersey • Advocating for accuracy, integrity and pro- fessionalism in the field of aviation historical Patricia R. Thrasher, Oxford, Pennsylvania investigation and the preservation of the material culture of flight. TIGHAR’s activities are conducted primarily by member volunteers under the direction of a small full-time professional staff. The orga- nization’s research is publicly available via the TIGHAR website. TIGHAR · 2366 Hickory Hill Road · Oxford, PA 19363-4417 · USA 610.467.1937 · www.tighar.org · [email protected] 2 For Your Review This special edition of TIGHAR Tracks presents two draft chapters of my forthcoming book. -
Frans B. M. De Waal Joint Ventures Require Joint Payoffs: Fairness Among Primates
Frans B. M. de Waal Joint Ventures Require Joint Payoffs: Fairness among Primates wall street is sometimes compared to a darwinian jungle. Nice guys finish last, it is said, and only the strong survive. This is an adequate enough description, but not entirely true, neither for the stock market nor for life in the jungle. When Richard Grasso, head of the New York Stock Exchange, revealed a pay package for himself of close to $200 million, there was public outcry. As it happened, on the very same day that Grasso was forced to resign, my team published a study on monkey fairness. Commentators could not resist contrast- ing Grasso with capuchin monkeys, suggesting he could have learned a thing or two from them (Surowiecki, 2003). Obviously, in a social system built on individual strength, the strong have an advantage. But as soon as the system introduces addi- tional factors relevant for survival, the picture changes. The present topic of fairness deals with the influence of cooperation: obviously there would be no need to worry about fairness if everyone acted inde- pendently. Cooperation is widespread in the animal kingdom. Even the simple act of living together represents cooperation. In the absence of predators or enemies, animals do not need to stick together, and they would in fact be better off living alone. The first reason for group life is security. On top of this, many animals actively pursue common goals. By working together they attain benefits they could not attain alone. This social research Vol 73 : No 2 : Summer 2006 349 means that each individual needs to monitor the division of spoils. -
Social Relationships in Zoo-Living Bonobos, Pan Paniscus
Institut für Neurobiologie Universität Ulm Social relationships in zoo-living bonobos, Pan paniscus Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. der Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften der Universität Ulm vorgelegt von Stefanie Eva Kießling aus Augsburg Ulm 2008 Amtierender Dekan: Prof. Dr. Klaus-Dieter Spindler Erster Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Günter Ehret Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Harald Wolf Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 10.07.2008 Die Arbeit wurde finanziell gefördert durch ein Promotionsstipendium des Evangelischen Studienwerkes e.V. Villigst. Front cover: Bonobo female Bonnie, Cologne Zoo (drawing by Dorothee Claßen) Impressions of the bonobo group in Frankfurt (drawing by Alexander Rebik, 2003) Table of contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Social relationships .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Primate social systems ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Fission-fusion societies ....................................................................................................4 1.4 The bonobo, Pan paniscus ............................................................................................... 6 Distribution and feeding ecology ....................................................................................... 6 Grouping patterns and social behaviour............................................................................ -
Frontier Food Ways in Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House Books
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History History, Department of 12-2013 "Hunger is the Best Sauce": Frontier Food Ways in Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House Books Erin E. Pedigo University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss Part of the American Literature Commons, American Material Culture Commons, and the United States History Commons Pedigo, Erin E., ""Hunger is the Best Sauce": Frontier Food Ways in Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House Books" (2013). Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History. 66. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss/66 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. “HUNGER IS THE BEST SAUCE”: FRONTIER FOOD WAYS IN LAURA INGALLS WILDER’S LITTLE HOUSE BOOKS BY ERIN ELIZABETH PEDIGO A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Major: History Under the Supervision of Professor Kenneth Winkle Lincoln, Nebraska December, 2013 “HUNGER IS THE BEST SAUCE”: FRONTIER FOOD WAYS IN LAURA INGALLS WILDER’S LITTLE HOUSE BOOKS Erin Elizabeth Pedigo, M. A. University of Nebraska, 2013 Adviser: Kenneth Winkle This thesis examines Laura Ingalls Wilder’s Little House book series for the frontier food ways described in it. Studying the series for its food ways edifies a 19th century American frontier of subsistence/companionate families practicing both old and new ways of obtaining food. -
THE NINETY-NINEI? No
Closing date for news - the Km.901, 411 Fifth Ive N v Citv lcth of every month m 1 ^ ^ •'-■lty (Subscription price - $1 per year) otuder, Editor THE NINETY-NINEI? No. 9 June 15, 1Q'Z g; Thousands of Hours j- ^ least one out of every ten women licensed to fly an airplane f L a 'transP°rt pilot’s license. Within 4{r years the number oi woman transports has increased from 2 to 65. And", since it is f]y- tells the m°st convincing experience story, this steadily ? S J ° w°m®n wh0 have flown at least 200 hours apiece, hold i °la-S3 ox ^ xlying license and are qualified for commercial piloting, is a definite index to the rate of progress of women in idying. Phoebe F. Omlie... Transport 199 Ruth R. Nichols... Transport 526 There you have the list - all of it - as of January 2>, 1929, The total numberof woman pilots then came to 34. By June of 1933 thetotal has gone to 600 and the number of woman transports to 63. In other words not only are there nearly 18 times as many woman pilots but there are cl and a fraction times as many transports. And the transports to^pilots ratio of 1 to 17 as of January 1929 has been re vamped until it reads 1 to . to be exact about it. A conservative estimate Oi the total flying time of these 63 woman transports would come to around 40,000 hours since 2.00 hours is the minimum time re quirement and at least 10 hours within each aircraft classification for which renewal is desired must be flown within every 6-month period.