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Perpustakaan.Uns.Ac.Id Digilib.Uns.Ac.Id Commit to User 44 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id BAB II DESKRIPSI OBYEK PENELITIAN A. Deskripsi Umum 1. Serial Animasi South Park Serial animasi South Park merupakan salah satu sitcom yang berasal dari Amerika. Sitcom merupakan singkatan dari situation comedy yang berarti salah satu jenis komedi yang memiliki ciri-ciri berupa penggambaran lingkungan pada umumnya, seperti rumah atau tempat kerja, dengan dialog berupa humor. Pencipta serial kartun ini adalah dua orang laki-laki bernama Matt Stone dan Trey Parker yang berasal dari almamater yang sama, yaitu University of Colorado at Boulder. Walaupun visualisasi serial ini berupa animasi yang berwarna-warni, namun audien yang ditargetkan bukan anak-anak, melainkan audien dewasa karena mengandung konten humor untuk dewasa. Matt Stone dan Trey Parker mengawali karir dalam bidang film pada tahun 1989 dengan cara berkolaborasi. Pada tahun 1992, muncul film pendek bertema komedi berjudul Jesus Vs. Frosty, kemudian diikuti munculnya karya serupa yang berjudul Jesus Vs. Santa pada tahun 1995, yang mana keduanya merupakan karya mereka berdua sekaligus sebagai cikal bakal munculnya South Park. Sejalan dengan karir pada bidang penyiaran, Comedy Central melirik karya-karya mereka lalu menyewa mereka untuk mengembangkannya menjadi serial, dengan penayangan commit to user 44 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id perdana serial animasi South Park pada tanggal 13 Agustus 1997. Comedy Central adalah distributor program televisi asal Amerika, khususnya bidang komedi, dengan berbasis televisi kabel yang merupakan bagian dari MTV Networks Entertainment Group. Serial animasi South Park dirilis melalui urutan musim (season) yang mana dari masing-masing season tersebut rata-rata terdiri dari 14 episode, sedangkan masing-masing episode memiliki durasi rata-rata sekitar 22 menit. Tanggal rilis perdana serial ini adalah 13 Agustus 1997, yaitu episode 1 dari season 1 yang berjudul Cartman Gets an Anal Probe. Hingga kuartal 2 tahun 2013 ini, Comedy Central telah merilis 237 episode yang terbagi ke dalam 16 season. Situs resmi South Park telah menginformasikan bahwa episode 1 dari season 17 dirilis pada bulan September 2013 dan hingga bulan November 2013 masih berjalan season 17. 2. Tokoh Pada Serial Animasi South Park Sepanjang 16 season dari serial dan karya di luar serial, serial animasi South Park telah menciptakan ratusan tokoh. Situs resmi South Park menginformasikan bahwa tokoh-tokoh diklasifikasikan yang ada ke dalam 3 bagian, yaitu children (anak-anak), adults (dewasa), non-human (bukan manusia) yang mana semuanya berjumlah sekurang-kurangnya 147 tokoh. Berdasarkan batas penelitian yang telah ditentukan, tidak semua tokoh muncul dalam episode yang diteliti, maka peneliti memperkenalkan empat tokoh utama dan satu tokoh tambahan. commit to user 45 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id a. Tokoh Utama 1) Eric Cartman (Eric Theodore Cartman) Gambar 2.11 Tokoh ini biasa dipanggil dengan nama Cartman, namun ibunya (Liane Cartman) dan tokoh tertentu saja yang memanggilnya dengan nama Eric. Cartman merupakan tokoh yang secara fisik divisualisasikan dengan tubuh gemuk, perut menggelambir, serta dagu berlipat. Cartman menggunakan hoodie biru muda dengan ujung atas dan pelisir berwarna kuning, jaket merah, kaos tangan kuning, dan celana cokelat. Dia memiliki sifat kasar, jahat, suka mengejek teman, mendominasi dan memanipulasi di antara teman-temannya. Dia adalah yang paling galak diantara tiga tokoh utama lainnya, namun sangat halus ketika berbicara dengan ibunya. Cartman sekeluarga menganut kepercayaan Roman Katolik. commit to user 1 http://southpark.wikia.com/wiki/Eric_Cartman, Wikia, (diakses pada 30 Mei 2013). 46 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id Cartman memiliki hobi mengonsumsi snack bermerk Cheesy Poofs sehingga menyebabkan fisiknya menjadi gemuk dan menjadi bahan ejekan oleh teman-temannya. Bahkan dia pernah secara ambisius mengikuti casting untuk iklan snack tersebut supaya muncul pada iklan di televisi. Cartman memiliki peliharaan di rumah, yaitu kucing bernama Mr. Kitty dan anjing bernama Fluffy. Pada season awal, tidak diketahui siapa ayah Cartman, kemudian diceritakan bahwa Liane bercinta dengan banyak pria pada season 1 berjudul “Cartman’s Mom Is A Dirty Slut”. Lalu pada season 2 berjudul “Cartman’s Mom Is Still A Dirty Slut” diceritakan bahwa Liane adalah hermafrodit (memiliki dua kelamin). Jawaban terakhir terdapat pada season 14 bahwa ayah biologis Cartman adalah Jack Tenorman, seorang pemain football yang tergabung dalam klub Denver Broncos. Maka, Cartman memiliki saudara angkat bernama Scott Tenorman (anak Jack bersama Mrs. Tenorman) yang diceritakan akan dibunuh oleh Cartman pada season 5 berjudul “Scott Tenorman Must Die”. commit to user 47 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id 2) Kenny McCormick (Kenneth McCormick) Gambar 2.22 Kenny adalah salah satu tokoh utama yang unik. Secara fisik divisualisasikan mengenakan jaket dan celana berwarna oranye dengan ujung hoodie dan kaos tangan berwarna cokelat. Dia memiliki rambut pirang, namun sangat jarang muncul tanpa hoodie. Walaupun dia tidak dapat berbicara dengan jelas karena hoodie yang menutupi mulutnya, namun dia dikenal sebagai anak dengan pengetahuan seksual paling luas. Kenny sekeluarga menganut kepercayaan Roman Katolik. Kenny sangat sering diceritakan mati dengan cara yang tidak biasa, terutama pada lima season pertama. Kondisi kemiskinan di keluarganya menyebabkan Kenny selalu menjadi bahan ejekan di antara teman-temannya. Walaupun Kenny sekeluarga selalu mengonsumsi makanan kaleng dan wafel beku commit to user 2 http://southpark.wikia.com/wiki/Kenny_McCormick, Wikia, (diakses pada 30 Mei 2013). 48 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id untuk makan malam, sesungguhnya mereka merupakan keluarga yang paling religius karena selalu berdoa sebelum makan. Kenny tinggal di rumah yang sederhana dengan dinding yang terlihat rapuh. Ayahnya (Stuart McCormick) merupakan pengonsumsi minuman keras yang juga bersahabat dengan Gerald Broflovski sejak duduk di bangku SMA. Ibunya (Mrs. McCormick) diinformasikan tanpa nama, namun biasa dipanggil dengan nama Carol. Ayah dan ibu Kenny sering bertengkar fisik atas dasar masalah ekonomi, namun sesungguhnya Stuart saat tidak berada di bawah pengaruh alkohol sangat mencintai dan mempedulikan istrinya. Kenny memiliki kakak laki-laki (Kevin McCormick) dengan tempelan plester di wajahnya dan adik perempuan (Karen McCormick) yang menyayangi dan sering meminta perlindungan Kenny. 3) Kyle Broflovski Gambar 2.33 commit to user 3 http://southpark.wikia.com/wiki/Kyle_Broflovski, Wikia, (diakses pada 30 Mei 2013). 49 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id Kyle secara fisik divisualisasikan dengan hoodie hijau sepanjang telinga, jaket oranye, kaos tangan hijau, dan celana biru muda. Kyle merupakan tokoh yang memiliki otak brilian. Gurunya (Mr. Garrison) menyebut bahwa Kyle adalah siswa A+ atau anak pintar. Kyle juga tergolong unggul di antara teman-temannya karena memiliki beberapa bakat sepele namun berguna. Kyle manyukai acara televisi favorit berjudul Terrance and Phillip, yaitu acara humor asal Canada tentang kentut. Kyle adalah satu-satunya penganut kepercayaan Yahudi (Jew) diantara teman-temannya sehingga sering dikucilkan dan menjadi bahan ejekan, terutama oleh Cartman. Bahkan Kyle bernyanyi “I’m a lonely Jew on Christmas” saat natal berlangsung. Terhadap perbedaan kepercayaan dengan teman-temannya, sesungguhnya Kyle sengaja bersifat tidak acuh supaya diterima dalam pergaulan. Sebagai tokoh protagonis, Kyle bersahabat baik dengan Stan dan mereka sangat kompak ketika mengucap kalimat seusai Kenny terbunuh, yaitu “Oh my God, you/he/she/they/we killed Kenny! You/that/those/we're bastard(s)!”. Seluruh anggota keluarga Kyle merupakan penganut Yahudi. Ayahnya (Gerald Broflovski) seorang pengacara yang terlihat mengendarai dua mobil berbeda pada 2 episode berbeda, yaitu Lincoln Navigator berwarna ungu-merah pada episode “Asspen” dan Toyota Pious dengan nomor plat "1TMYMPG" commit to user 50 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id (1T=Want, "Want my Miles Per Gallon?") pada episode “Smug Alert!”. Ibunya (Sheila Broflovski) memiliki sifat protektif terhadap keluarganya sehingga sering menghimpun gerakan masyarakat untuk memerangi suatu hal yang dianggap bertentangan dengan nilai moral kehidupan, dengan cara pidato atau beramai-ramai berunjuk rasa. Dia berisik dan ingin tahu urusan orang lain, namun mudah marah yang ditandai dengan kalimat “What what whaaat?” Karena sifat-sifat tersebut, Cartman sering memanggilnya pelacur (bitch) bahkan menyanyikan lagu “Kyle’s Mom is a Bitch”. Kyle juga memiliki adik adopsi asal Canada bernama Ike yang sangat menyayangi dan mengidolakan Kyle. 4) Stan Marsh (Stanley Marsh) Gambar 2.44 Stan adalah salah satu tokoh utama dengan sifat ramah, rendah hati, berpengetahuan luas, dan senang membantu. Secara commit to user 4 http://southpark.wikia.com/wiki/Stan_Marsh, Wikia, (diakses pada 30 Mei 2013). 51 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id fisik divisualisasikan menggunakan hoodie biru tua dengan ujung atas dan pelisir berwarna merah, jaket cokelat, kaos tangan merah, dan celana biru. Stan dan keluarganya merupakan penganut kepercayaan Roman Katolik. Sebagai sesama protagonis dan sahabat baik, Stan dan Kyle sangat kompak saat mengucap kalimat seusai Kenny terbunuh, yaitu “Oh my God, you/he/she/they/we killed Kenny! You/that/those/we're bastard(s)!”. Stan sangat jatuh cinta kepada teman sekelasnya bernama Wendy Testaburger. Sebagai lelucon, ada sebuah kebiasaan di antara
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