The Case for Sasajiscymnus Tsugae : Biological Control Has Helped Save Connecticut’S Hemlocks

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Case for Sasajiscymnus Tsugae : Biological Control Has Helped Save Connecticut’S Hemlocks The Case for Sasajiscymnus tsugae : Biological Control has Helped Save Connecticut’s Hemlocks CAROLE CHEAH Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT The Facts: Fig. 2 Hemlock Crown Recovery in Monitored 6-11 year S. tsugae Release Sites •Connecticut’s hemlocks have been under adelgid attack 5. People's State Forest B: 2000 Release 6. Tunxis State Forest: 2001 Release 7. Enders State Forest: 1999 Release 8. Metacomet Trail, W. Suffield: 1999 Release 9. Bigelow Hollow State Park: 1999 Release 10. Mashamoquet Brook S. Park : 1998 Release 100 100 100 100 100 100 since the first discovery of HWA in 1985. From 1985-2000, 80 80 80 80 80 80 60 HWA spread to infest every town in CT (Fig.1); statewide 60 60 60 60 60 40 40 40 40 40 40 20 20 20 MeanFoliage Transparency 20 20 20 Mean FoliageTransparency Mean Mean Mean Foliage Transparency decline of hemlocks was noted in 1994 Foliage Mean Transparency Mean Mean FoliageTransparency Mean Foliage Transparency FoliageMean 0 0 0 0 0 0 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Year Year •There has been no chemical intervention on a forest wide Year Year Year Year 4. People's State Forest A: 1999 Release 11. Natchaug State Forest: 2001 Release scale to combat HWA in CT. Widespread large releases of 100 6 8 100 80 9 80 S. tsugae in the most heavily infested forests over most of 5 60 60 the state has been the main strategy to combat HWA with 40 4 7 40 20 20 Mean FoliageTransparency Mean MeanFoliageTransparency 10 >80% of the total released to date occurring from 1996- 0 3 0 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Year 1 Year 2001. Over 176,000 S. tsugae have been released in 26 11 3. Burr Pond State Park: 1999 Release 12. Pachaug State Forest: 1999 Release 100 sites statewide from 1995-2007, but releases only began 100 80 80 60 after >90% of the state was infested (Fig. 1) 60 40 2 40 20 Mean FoliageTransparency Mean 20 MeanTransparency Foliage 0 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 13 0 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Fig. 1 Chronology of HWA and S. tsugae in Connecticut Year 12 Year 3 120 200x10 13. Devil's Hopyard State Park: 1999 Release 2. Steep Rock Preserve, Washington: 1998 Release % Towns infested 180x10 3 100 14 100 S. tsugae 100 80 80 160x10 3 60 60 Released 140x10 3 80 40 40 120x10 3 20 20 Mean Foliage Mean Transparency Mean Mean FoliageTransparency 3 60 100x10 tsugae S. 0 0 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 80x10 3 Year Year 40 3 60x10 1. Nepaug Reservoir, MDC: 1996 Release 14. Salmon River State Forest : 2001 Release 40x10 3 100 100 20 80 80 20x10 3 % townsCT of infestedwith% HWA Baseline sites (Negligible HWA/EHS) (n = 120 trees) 60 60 0 0 Cumulative Total 40 Monitored S. tsugae release sites ( n = 287 trees) 40 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20 20 Mean FoliageTransparency Mean Non-release site matches (n = 210 trees) Mean Transparency Foliage Year 0 0 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Other S. tsugae release sites 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 The Evidence: Year Year Fig. 4. Hemlock Crown Improvement in S. tsugae Fig. 5. Comparisons of Release, Non-release Fig. 6 Pre- and Post-Release Crown Levels of HWA •Substantial crown recovery in many release sites was Release Sites 2003-2006 1 = < 10%; 2 = 11-50%; 3 = 51-75%; 4 = >75% HWA on Crown 100 and Baseline Sites 5 first recorded in 2005 and has continued annually (Fig. 100 Initial HWA Non-release infested sites HWA 06 80 Baseline (uninfested) sites 4 HWA 07 2 ) in spite of much warmer winters in 2006 and 2007 80 S. tsugae release sites (Fig. 3). Declining hemlocks can significantly recover 60 3 in one year when precipitation is ample and drought 60 * a * 2 40 a a 40 stress is minimal (Fig. 4) * * b b b b b b b CrownLevelsof HWA •Hemlock recovery has occurred statewide in all types 20 20 1 Mean FoliageTransparency Mean of sites and soils for 14 monitored release sites in 0 0 0 Mean FoliageRelease Site Transparency 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 riparian to ridge top, ravine to level hemlock habitats S. tsugae Release Sites Year Year •Hemlock recovery has also occurred in southern sites *Means followed by different letters are highly significant at p < 0.0001 while means followed by the same letter are not significantly different where winter mortality of HWA has not recently been a •In 2005, non-release sites were matched climatically, topographically and 15 trees/site rated, as were significant factor in depressing adelgid populations baseline uninfested sites for comparison (all ratings used standard FIA crown health assessments) Fig. 3 HWA Winter Mortality in Connecticut 2000 - 2007 •Results showed that hemlocks in non-release sites had significantly thinner crowns than in release sites (p < 0.001). Crown health in release sites had recovered to similar levels in uninfested sites (p > Northern CT 15 0.05; Fig. 5) by 2005 through 2007. 100 Southern CT F) o 10 •HWA crown levels have also been reduced to the original levels prior to S. tsugae introduction in the 80 5 majority of release sites (Fig. 6) 0 60 -5 •In fact, eastern hemlocks statewide are generally showing healthier crowns; decline is patchy and Fig. 3 HWA Winter Mortality in Connecticut-10 2000 - 2007 40 correlated with the intensity of concurrent elongate hemlock scale infestations -15 Min. Daily WinterMin. Temp. ( Daily r2 = 0.5104; p < 0.001 •This is extensive hemlock recovery that is post peak S. tsugae introduction. Prior to S. tsugae releases, % HWA Mortality Winter % 20 -20 Fig. 3 Winter Mortality of HWA in Connecticut0 20 40 2000 60 - 80 2007 100 120 no extensive recovery had been observed when there were also very cold winters to mitigate adelgid Mean % HWA Winter Mortality 0 spread (Fig. 7). Connecticut’s eastern hemlocks are currently healthier than in any prior period during 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 YEAR the establishment and spread of HWA with negligible hemlock mortality since 2001. If indeed, S. tsugae was as ineffective as is claimed, there would be no hemlock recovery to document. Perhaps Occam’s Fig. 7 Winter patterns and drought events in CT Razor holds true in this case…….. “All other things being equal, the simplest explanation is the best. ” 10 Additional Evidence: A sleeve cage experiment was also conducted in CT to 100 Fig. 8. Density-dependent field oviposition by S. tsugae 8 investigate recent reports that S. tsugae minimally oviposits in field bag St ovipositional response to HWA density in field sleeve cages 80 Mean weekly temperatures within sleeve cages 6 60 studies. Reproductive 3 month old laboratory reared S. tsugae were caged 35 60 50 4 in single pairs on hemlock branches with a range of late HWA sistens egg 30 CT Winter Rank Winter Rank CT 40 C 25 mass densities - developing progrediens from 5/23/06-7/14/06, when ambient 40 o 2 20 Reproduction 20 Severe / DroughtDuration Extreme (mo) / Severe temperatures were optimal. Sleeve cages (n = 15) were then harvested and 30 0 0 15 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 counts of all live and dead adults, larvae and pupae were tallied for each S. tsugae 20 Year CT Winter Rank Temperature 10 Drought Duration (South) Data obtained from Weekly mean temp. Northeast Regional Climate Center female’s reproductive response. Results showed that 100% oviposition Drought Duration (Central) 10 5 Weekly min. temp. Drought duration (Northwest) occurred (mean 27 ± 14 eggs/female) and females showed a density- NetTotal r2 = 0.6175; p < 0.05 Weekly max. temp. 0 0 dependent oviposition response with a maximum of 56 eggs/female (Fig. 8). 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Initial HWA density per sleeve cage Week ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTHEASTERN AREA STATE & PRIVATE FORESTRY FOR FUNDING S UPPORT; Great Mountain Forest Corporation, Mt. Riga, Inc. , CT DEP Forestry Division, CT DEP State Parks, Metropolitan District Commission (Natural Resources), Camp Sequassen CYC.
Recommended publications
  • 2016 Connecticut Hunting & Trapping Guide
    2016 CONNECTICUT HUNTING & TRAPPING Connecticut Department of VISIT OUR WEBSITE Energy & Environmental Protection www.ct.gov/deep/hunting MONARCH® BINOCULARS Built to satisfy the incredible needs of today’s serious outdoorsmen & women, MONARCH binoculars not only bestow the latest in optical innovation upon the passions of its owner, but offer dynamic handling & rugged performance for virtually any hunting situation. MONARCH® RIFLESCOPES Bright, clear, precise, rugged - just a few of the attributes knowledgeable hunters commonly use to describe Nikon® riflescopes. Nikon® is determined to bring hunters, shooters & sportsmen a wide selection of the best hunting optics money can buy, while at the same time creating revolutionary capabilities for the serious hunter. Present this coupon for $25 OFF your in-store purchase of $150 or more! Valid through December 31, 2016 Not valid online, on gift cards, non-merchandise items, licenses, previous purchases or special orders. Excludes NIKON, CARHARTT, UGG, THE NORTH FACE, PATAGONIA, MERRELL, DANSKO, AVET REELS, SHIMANO, G.LOOMIS & SAGE items. Cannot be combined with any other offer. No copies. One per customer. No cash value. CT2016 Kittery Trading Post / Rte 1 Kittery, ME / Mon-Sat 9-9, Sun 10-6 / 888-587-6246 / ktp.com / ktpguns.com 2016 CONNECTICUT HUNTING & TRAPPING Contents Licenses, Permits & Tags ............................................................ 8–10 Firearms Hunting Licenses Small Game and Deer Archery Deer and Turkey Permits Pheasant Tags Waterfowl Stamps Hunter Education Requirements Lost License Handicapped License Hunting Laws & Regulations ..................................................... 12–15 BE BEAR AWARE, page 6 Definitions Learn what you should do if you encounter bears in the outdoors or around Closed Seasons your home.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Connecticut Boater's Guide Rules and Resources
    2021 Connecticut Boater's Guide Rules and Resources In The Spotlight Updated Launch & Pumpout Directories CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION HTTPS://PORTAL.CT.GOV/DEEP/BOATING/BOATING-AND-PADDLING YOUR FULL SERVICE YACHTING DESTINATION No Bridges, Direct Access New State of the Art Concrete Floating Fuel Dock Offering Diesel/Gas to Long Island Sound Docks for Vessels up to 250’ www.bridgeportharbormarina.com | 203-330-8787 BRIDGEPORT BOATWORKS 200 Ton Full Service Boatyard: Travel Lift Repair, Refit, Refurbish www.bridgeportboatworks.com | 860-536-9651 BOCA OYSTER BAR Stunning Water Views Professional Lunch & New England Fare 2 Courses - $14 www.bocaoysterbar.com | 203-612-4848 NOW OPEN 10 E Main Street - 1st Floor • Bridgeport CT 06608 [email protected] • 203-330-8787 • VHF CH 09 2 2021 Connecticut BOATERS GUIDE We Take Nervous Out of Breakdowns $159* for Unlimited Towing...JOIN TODAY! With an Unlimited Towing Membership, breakdowns, running out GET THE APP IT’S THE of fuel and soft ungroundings don’t have to be so stressful. For a FASTEST WAY TO GET A TOW year of worry-free boating, make TowBoatU.S. your backup plan. BoatUS.com/Towing or800-395-2628 *One year Saltwater Membership pricing. Details of services provided can be found online at BoatUS.com/Agree. TowBoatU.S. is not a rescue service. In an emergency situation, you must contact the Coast Guard or a government agency immediately. 2021 Connecticut BOATER’S GUIDE 2021 Connecticut A digest of boating laws and regulations Boater's Guide Department of Energy & Environmental Protection Rules and Resources State of Connecticut Boating Division Ned Lamont, Governor Peter B.
    [Show full text]
  • Keeping Paradise Unpaved in the Trenches of Land Preservation
    CONNECTICUT Woodlands CFPA’S LEGISLATIVE for INSIDE AGENDA 2014 KEEPING PARADISE UNPAVED IN THE TRENCHES OF LAND PRESERVATION The Magazine of the Connecticut Forest & Park Association Spring 2014 Volume 79 No. 1 The ConnectiCuT ForesT & Park assoCiaTion, inC. OFFICERS PRESIDENT, ERIC LUKINGBEAL, Granby VICE-PRESIDENT, WILLIAM D. BRECK, Killingworth VICE-PRESIDENT, GEOFFREY MEISSNER, Plantsville VICE-PRESIDENT, DAVID PLATT, Higganum VICE-PRESIDENT, STARR SAYRES, East Haddam TREASURER, JAMES W. DOMBRAUSKAS, New Hartford SECRETARY, ERIC HAMMERLING, West Hartford FORESTER, THOMAS J. DEGNAN, JR., East Haddam DIRECTORS RUSSELL BRENNEMAN, Westport ROBERT BUTTERWORTH, Deep River STARLING W. CHILDS, Norfolk RUTH CUTLER, Ashford THOMAS J. DEGNAN, JR., East Haddam CAROLINE DRISCOLL, New London ASTRID T. HANZALEK, Suffield DAVID LAURETTI, Bloomfield JEFFREY BRADLEY MICHAEL LECOURS, Farmington This pond lies in a state park few know about. See page 10. DAVID K. LEFF, Collinsville MIRANDA LINSKY, Middletown SCOTT LIVINGSTON, Bolton JEFF LOUREIRO, Canton LAUREN L. McGREGOR, Hamden JEFFREY O’DONNELL, Bristol Connecting People to the Land Annual Membership RICHARD WHITEHOUSE, Glastonbury Our mission: The Connecticut Forest & Park Individual $ 35 HONORARY DIRECTORS Association protects forests, parks, walking Family $ 50 GORDON L. ANDERSON, St. Johns, FL trails and open spaces for future generations by HARROL W. BAKER, JR., Bolton connecting people to the land. CFPA directly Supporting $ 100 RICHARD A. BAUERFELD, Redding involves individuals and families, educators, GEORGE M. CAMP, Middletown Benefactor $ 250 ANN M. CUDDY, Ashland, OR community leaders and volunteers to enhance PRUDENCE P. CUTLER, Farmington and defend Connecticut’s rich natural heritage. SAMUEL G. DODD, North Andover, MA CFPA is a private, non-profit organization that Life Membership $ 2500 JOHN E.
    [Show full text]
  • Explore!Outdoor, Indoor & Around Town Adventures In
    Explore!Outdoor, Indoor & Around Town Adventures in A NATIONAL HERITAGE CORRIDOR www.thelastgreenvalley.org • TOLL FREE 866-363-7226 The Last Green Valley National Heritage Corridor - together we can care for it, enjoy it, EXPLORE! Table of Contents The Last Green Valley Map . 2 and pass it on. Accommodations . 4 Astronomy/Night Sky Views . 5 Bicycling & Mountain Biking . 6 Welcome Boating and/or Fishing . 8 Are you a modern Camping . 14 Chambers/Economic Development . 16 day Explorer? You can Disc Golf . 19 be! Discover the natural Education . 20 beauty of The Last Green Farms/Orchards/Nurseries . 21 Valley National Heritage Hiking, Walking & Strolling Trails . 24 Corridor (35 towns in Horseback Riding & Horse Camping . 36 northeast CT and south Hunting . 38 Labyrinths/Mazes . 39 central MA). Find wonder Letterboxing & Geocaching . 40 in the waterfalls, the fishing MORE! Outdoor Activities & Sites holes, the hilltops, and the Proud Supporters/Creators of Outdoor Fun . 41 farms. Hear stories from the Even More Outdoor Activities & Sites . 42 past, sip wine in a vineyard, Museums & Historic Sites . 44 Nonprofits . 48 shop til you drop, and savor Paddling . 50 local foods. Kayak, backpack, Retail - Arts, Antiques & Uniques . 56 pick an apple, or carve a Scenic Overlooks & Views . 58 pumpkin. Savor farm fresh Service Businesses food, photograph bald Medical Emergency Facilities . 60 eagles in flight, or gaze at General Services . 61 Skate Parks . 65 the stars. Explore! will help State & Federal Parks & Forests Chart . 66 you delve into every inch of State & Federal Parks & Forests Map . 70 The Last Green Valley. We State & Federal Parks & Forests Descriptions . 72 will increase your capacity Swimming & Scuba Diving .
    [Show full text]
  • Where-To-Go Fifth Edition Buckskin Lodge #412 Order of the Arrow, WWW Theodore Roosevelt Council Boy Scouts of America 2002
    Where-to-Go Fifth Edition Buckskin Lodge #412 Order of the Arrow, WWW Theodore Roosevelt Council Boy Scouts of America 2002 0 The "Where to Go" is published by the Where-to-Go Committee of the Buckskin Lodge #412 Order of the Arrow, WWW, of the Theodore Roosevelt Council, #386, Boy Scouts of America. FIFTH EDITION September, 1991 Updated (2nd printing) September, 1993 Third printing December, 1998 Fourth printing July, 2002 Published under the 2001-2002 administration: Michael Gherlone, Lodge Chief John Gherlone, Lodge Adviser Marc Ryan, Lodge Staff Adviser Edward A. McLaughlin III, Scout Executive Where-to-Go Committee Adviser Stephen V. Sassi Chairman Thomas Liddy Original Word Processing Andrew Jennings Michael Nold Original Research Jeffrey Karz Stephen Sassi Text written by Stephen Sassi 1 This guide is dedicated to the Scouts and volunteers of the Theodore Roosevelt Council Boy Scouts of America And the people it is intended to serve. Two roads diverged in a wood, and I - I took the one less traveled by, And that made all the difference...... - R.Frost 2 To: All Scoutmasters From: Stephen V. Sassi Buckskin Lodge Where to Go Adviser Date: 27 June 2002 Re: Where to Go Updates Enclosed in this program packet are updates to the Order of Arrow Where to Go book. Only specific portions of the book were updated and the remainder is unchanged. The list of updated pages appears below. Simply remove the old pages from the book and discard them, replacing the old pages with the new pages provided. First two pages Table of Contents - pages 1,2 Chapter 3 - pages 12,14 Chapter 4 - pages 15-19,25,26 Chapter 5 - All except page 35 (pages 27-34,36) Chapter 6 - pages 37-39, 41,42 Chapter 8 - pages 44-47 Chapter 9 - pages 51,52,54 Chapter 10 - pages 58,59,60 Chapter 11 - pages 62,63 Appendix - pages 64,65,66 We hope that this book will provide you with many new places to hike and camp.
    [Show full text]
  • 2012 Summer Newsletter
    Check out our website at www.cthorsecouncil.org 2012 SUMMER NEWSLETTER Hello Everyone, Thank you to all who have joined the CT Horse Council for 2012. A reminder for those that have not paid their dues – please take the time to send in your dues. The 2012 application is on pages 33-34 of this newsletter. Thank you in advance for your continued support. Our supporting organizations and business members are listed on pages 23-32 and are also posted on our website. TRAILS FOR EQUESTRIAN USE HAVE BEEN PROTECTED FURTHER! SEE DETAILS UNDER LEGISLATION Table of Contents: Legislative Update Current News – pages 2 -3 Trails & Volunteer Horse Patrol News – pages 4 - 21 New Members & Patrol Horses – page 5 Events Gone By… pages 6 - 13 Hoof Beats in Heaven – Farewell – page 13 Natchaug State Forest - Marked Multi-use Trails - 5 & 10 Mile Loops - pages 8-10 CT Equine Advisory Council: pages 14 CT Greenways Council: pages 15-16 Article - "Bee" Prepared on Your Trail Rides – page 17 Upcoming Events… Sprague Land Preserve Benefit Ride – Sunday, September 30th - pages 18-19 Pomfret Horse & Trail Association – Fall Foliage Ride-October 21st - pages 20-21 What’s New for Flying Insect Control? By Dr. Jenifer Nadeau, Equine Ext. Specialist, UConn; Education Committee Chair page 22 Supporting Members - pages 23 Supporting Organizations - pages 24-25 Business Member Directory - pages 26-32 2010 CHC Application - pages 33-34 CHC Officers and Board Members - page 35 Note from the Editor – page 36 1 Your CHC Representation around the state… Legislation The Connecticut Legislative session was a short session this year.
    [Show full text]
  • Connecticut State Parks System
    A Centennial Overview 1913-2013 www.ct.gov/deep/stateparks A State Park Centennial Message from Energy and Environmental Protection Commissioner Robert J. Klee Dear Friends, This year, we are celebrating the Centennial of the Connecticut State Parks system. Marking the 100th anniversary of our parks is a fitting way to pay tribute to past conservation-minded leaders of our state, who had the foresight to begin setting aside important and scenic lands for public access and enjoyment. It is also a perfect moment to commit ourselves to the future of our park system – and to providing first-class outdoor recreation opportunities for our residents and visitors well into the future. Our park system had humble beginnings. A six-member State Park Commission was formed by then Governor Simeon Baldwin in 1913. One year later the Commission purchased its first land, about four acres in Westport for what would become Sherwood Island State Park. Today, thanks to the dedication and commitment of many who have worked in the state park system over the last century, Connecticut boasts a park system of which we can all be proud. This system includes 107 locations, meaning there is a park close to home no matter where you live. Our parks cover more than 32,500 acres and now host more than eight million visitors a year – and have hosted a remarkable total of more than 450 million visitors since we first began counting in 1919. Looking beyond the statistics, our parks offer fantastic opportunities for families to spend time outdoors together. They feature swimming, boating, hiking, picnicking, camping, fishing – or simply the chance to enjoy the world of nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Protection and Sustainable Forest Management
    The Future of our Forests: Land Protection and Sustainable Forest Management A Strategic Conservation Plan for the MassConn Sustainable Forest Partnership Draft: February 2013 Partner Review: April 2013 Final Plan: August 2013 1 Contents Background and Purpose of this Plan ........................................................................................... 4 The Partnership .......................................................................................................... 5 Our Community ......................................................................................................... 6 Conservation Priorities ............................................................................................... 8 Focus Areas ................................................................................................................ 9 Emerald Woods ............................................................................................ 9 Northern Connections .................................................................................11 Four Corner Woods ....................................................................................13 Shetucket Headwaters ................................................................................14 Implementation ........................................................................................................16 References ................................................................................................................18 Appendices ...............................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • Johnsons Announce Gift of 71-Acre Conservation Easement At
    G RANBY EWSLETTER Land Trust N Preserving Granby’s Natural Heritage www.granbylandtrust.org C PO Box 23 C Granby, Connecticut 06035 C Volume 5 Johnsons Announce Gift of 71-Acre Conservation Easement at Annual Meeting he unusually warm and sunny late October Tday suggested that this would be a special Land Trust Annual Meeting. It was in many ways. With fall’s full colors on parade, almost 100 land trust members gathered on October 21st and were treated to a walk through one of Granby’s most beautiful properties – Paula and Whitey Johnson’s 90-acre parcel on Simsbury Road in West Granby – followed by an old-fashioned outdoor picnic at the Johnson’s house. It was a family affair all day. On the walk The Land Trust led by Whitey Johnson, kids ran Whitey Johnson talks about his property and its history thanks Paula ahead of the adults during the Annual Meeting Hike in October. and Whitey through the rolling fields, by the solid old stonewalls and into the Johnson for their Johnson’s woods which are bounded by the Land Trust Receives Three commitment and McLean Game Refuge. After the walk, every- Conservation Easements in 2007 one gathered together and the annual meeting • The Johnson Family - 71 acres dedication to was called to order. During the meeting, the • The Werner Family - 40 acres (see pg. 14) Granby and the Johnsons announced that they intended to • The Brown Family - 10+ acres (see pg. 7) give the Land Trust a conservation easement legacy they have over 71-acres of this spectacular land, forever built for future preserving it as open space.
    [Show full text]
  • Backpacking Camping Application
    Backpack Camping Application Applications for backpacking campsites along the Pachaug, Natchaug and Nipmuck State Forest Trails must be mailed to: DEEP Eastern District Headquarters, 209 Hebron Road, Marlborough, CT 06477 or [email protected] Applications for backpacking campsites along the Tunxis and Mohawk Trails must be mailed to: Western District Headquarters, 230 Plymouth Road, Harwinton, CT 06791 or [email protected] Note: All applications must be received no later than 14 days prior to requested camping date(s). Please type or print all information. Part I: Applicant (must be 18 years of age or older) Name: Mailing Address: City/Town: State: Zip Code: Daytime Phone: ext.: Evening Phone: E-mail Address: Part II: Camper Information 1. Name of Group (If applicable): 2. Number of Campers: Total: Under 18: Adults: 3. License Plate Number(s) for all vehicles to be left in parking area(s): Part III: Campsite(s)/Lean-to(s) Requested (See list on page 2) Attach additional sheets if requesting reservations for more than 3 nights. Length of stay at any one site is limited to one night. You must either hike to your next designated camp area on the trail or remove yourself from the trail before sundown. 1. Name of campsite/lean-to: Expected Time of Arrival: Date Requested: From: To: 2. Name of campsite/lean-to: Expected Time of Arrival: Date Requested: From: To: 3. Name of campsite/lean-to: Expected Time of Arrival: Date Requested: From: To: Part IV: Certification “I hereby certify that I accept responsibility for myself/ my group and that I will be present during the entire camping stay.
    [Show full text]
  • Block Reports
    MATRIX SITE: 1 RANK: MY NAME: Kezar River SUBSECTION: 221Al Sebago-Ossipee Hills and Plains STATE/S: ME collected during potential matrix site meetings, Summer 1999 COMMENTS: Aquatic features: kezar river watershed and gorgeassumption is good quality Old growth: unknown General comments/rank: maybe-yes, maybe (because of lack of eo’s) Logging history: yes, 3rd growth Landscape assessment: white mountian national forest bordering on north. East looks Other comments: seasonal roads and homes, good. Ownership/ management: 900 state land, small private holdings Road density: low, dirt with trees creating canopy Boundary: Unique features: gorge, Cover class review: 94% natural cover Ecological features, floating keetle hole bog.northern hard wood EO's, Expected Communities: SIZE: Total acreage of the matrix site: 35,645 LANDCOVER SUMMARY: 94 % Core acreage of the matrix site: 27,552 Natural Cover: Percent Total acreage of the matrix site: 35,645 Open Water: 2 Core acreage of the matrix site: 27,552 Transitional Barren: 0 % Core acreage of the matrix site: 77 Deciduous Forest: 41 % Core acreage in natural cover: 96 Evergreen Forest: 18 % Core acreage in non- natural cover: 4 Mixed Forest: 31 Forested Wetland: 1 (Core acreage = > 200m from major road or airport and >100m from local Emergent Herbaceous Wetland: 2 roads, railroads and utility lines) Deciduous shrubland: 0 Bare rock sand: 0 TOTAL: 94 INTERNAL LAND BLOCKS OVER 5k: 37 %Non-Natural Cover: 6 % Average acreage of land blocks within the matrix site: 1,024 Percent Maximum acreage of any
    [Show full text]
  • Documenting and Protecting New England's Old-Growth Forests
    Documenting and Protecting New England’s Old-Growth Forests Written By: Jack Ruddat Documenting and Protecting New England’s Old-Growth Forests An Interactive Qualifying Project submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science by Jack Ruddat Date: May 13, 2020 Report Submitted to: Dr. Uma Kumar and Dr. Ingrid Shockey Worcester Polytechnic Institute This report represents work of WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial or peer review. For more information about the projects program at WPI, see http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/Projects Abstract Old-growth forests in New England have become exceedingly rare over the centuries but contribute greatly to biodiversity, ecological stability, and scientific knowledge. Many of these remaining forests are either unrecognized or lack protection from development. The goal of this project was to promote the preservation and appreciation for old-growth forests in New England. The state of Connecticut was chosen for mapping and documenting remaining standing old- growth forests, understanding stakeholders’ positions and preservation practices, and identifying suitability for public visitation. i Executive Summary Executive Summary Old-growth forests in the United States can be identified as areas of land that have been continuously forested since before the early to mid-1800’s (Jönsson, Fraver, & Jonsson, 2009; Kershner & Leverett, 2004). They have become exceedingly rare over the centuries but contribute greatly to biodiversity and ecological stability (MacKinnon, 1998). Furthermore, they are laboratories for scientific knowledge regarding forest succession and development, plant relationships, and nutrient cycling (David et al., 1996).
    [Show full text]