PEOPLE AND NATURE NETWORK THE EVIDENCE AND ACTION REPORT MAY 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AUTHORS This Framework would not have been possible without the input and support Sharon Bayne BSc MSc LLM CEnv of many people. The authors would like to thank the members of the original MCIEEM 2014 Technical Working Group, comprised of officers from: Blackwood Bayne Ltd 8 Herts Crescent, Loose, Maidstone, Kent South Downs National Park Authority; ME15 0AX East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire and Surrey County Councils and Brighton and Hove unitary authority; 01622 746316 Wealden, East Hampshire, Mid Sussex, Adur and Worthing representing 07984 067055 local authorities; [email protected] www.blackwoodbayne.co.uk Environment Agency, Natural England, Historic England, Forestry Val Hyland BA Dip LA (Hons) PGCert. UD CMLI Commission, Woodland Trust; V Hyland Associates Ltd Country Land and Business Association, National Farmers Union; Silverthorn, Scotton Street, Wye, Kent Brighton and Lewes Downs Biosphere, Arun and Rother Rivers Trust. 01233 812195 [email protected] In developing this framework the SDNPA has also worked closely with Cover image: SOUTH DOWNS NATIONAL PARK AUTHORITY members of the Sussex, Surrey and Hampshire Local Nature Partnerships. Egret’s Way shared path along the River Ouse. © Andrew Pickett/SDNPA South Downs Centre North Street Midhurst West Sussex GU29 9DH GIS mapping and EcoServ-GIS modelling provided by Andrew Lawson Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre, 01730 814810 Woods Mill, Henfield, West Sussex. Telephone: 01273 497553 © Crown copyright and database rights 2018 Ordnance Survey 100050083 Email: [email protected] www.sxbrc.org.uk Additional GIS mapping since 2017 provided by South Coast GIS at the SDNPA contents CONTENTS 1. SETTING THE SCENE ............................................................... 5 CO-ORDINATED ADVOCACY ...........................................................25 INTRODUCTION TO PEOPLE AND NATURE NETWORK ........................6 THE ECONOMY AND GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE ..................... 26 BACKGROUND TO THE NETWORK APPROACH .................................6 HOW GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE BENEFITS THE ECONOMY ...............26 USING THE EVIDENCE.......................................................................6 MAKING THE CASE ........................................................................28 THIS NETWORK AND NEXT STEPS......................................................8 2. UNDERSTANDING THE EVIDENCE .......................................... 29 THE NETWORK APPROACH ...............................................................8 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE EVIDENCE ...........................................30 DEVELOPING THE NETWORK ............................................... 12 THEME 1: LOCAL PLANS AND STRATEGIC INITIATIVES ........... 33 A PARTNERSHIP APPROACH .............................................................12 REVIEW OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE NETWORK AREA ................33 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE NETWORK ........................................13 COUNTY AND WIDER LEVEL INITIATIVES IN THE NETWORK AREA .....39 WHAT IS A PEOPLE AND NATURE NETWORK ? .................................14 SUSSEX NATURAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT STRATEGY ..........................39 WHAT ARE NATURAL OR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES? .............................15 SURREY NATURAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT STRATEGY AND PLAN .........39 PLANNING FOR NATURE ................................................................17 HAMPSHIRE ECOLOGICAL NETWORK MAPPING ..............................40 SOURCES .......................................................................................18 NEW FOREST GREEN HALO ...........................................................41 ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES MODELLING – ECOSERV-GIS .......................19 THEME 2: LANDSCAPE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE ................. 42 WHY A REGIONAL NETWORK APPROACH? ......................... 21 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................42 ENABLING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT .........................................21 DESCRIPTION OF THE NETWORK AREA AND ANALYSIS ....................55 NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK ..................................23 SOURCES .......................................................................................63 THE DUTY OF REGARD TO NATIONAL PARK PURPOSES .....................23 THEME 3: BIODIVERSITY ...........................................................64 STRATEGIC, CROSS-BOUNDARY AND CROSS-SECTOR WORKING .....24 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................64 MORE EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE USE OF RESOURCES .....................24 DESCRIPTION OF THE NETWORK AREA AND ANALYSIS ....................65 1 PEOPLE AND NATURE NETWORK SOURCES .......................................................................................87 3. SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE AND HEALTHY COMMUNITIES................141 THEME 4: HEALTH AND WELL-BEING .................................... 88 4. BECOME FIT FOR THE FUTURE ....................................................142 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................88 5. BETTER WORKING TOGETHER ...................................................143 DESCRIPTION OF THE NETWORK AREA AND ANALYSIS ....................91 THE PRINCIPLES IN ACTION ............................................... 144 SOURCES .....................................................................................105 1. MAKE STRONG CONNECTIONS ...............................................144 THEME 5: RECREATION AND ACCESS .................................. 106 2. A NATURAL AND CULTURAL CANVAS .........................................145 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................106 3. SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE AND HEALTHY COMMUNITIES................147 DESCRIPTION OF THE NETWORK AREA AND ANALYSIS ..................110 4. BECOME FIT FOR THE FUTURE ....................................................148 SOURCES .....................................................................................118 5. BETTER WORKING TOGETHER ...................................................149 THEME 6: WATER RESOURCES ............................................. 119 TARGETED INVESTMENT AREAS .......................................... 150 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................119 IN SUMMARY ................................................................... 166 DESCRIPTION OF THE NETWORK AREA AND ANALYSIS ..................121 WITH THANKS .................................................................. 166 SOURCES .....................................................................................131 3. THE NETWORK GUIDELINES ............................................... 132 HEADLINES ....................................................................... 133 A FUNDAMENTALLY INTER-RELATED AREA .......................................133 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AND PLANNING ....................................135 A TWIN TRACK APPROACH FOR GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE .. 137 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGIC PRINCIPLES ...........................137 THE STRATEGIC PRINCIPLES IN DETAIL ................................ 139 1. MAKE STRONG CONNECTIONS ...............................................139 2. A NATURAL AND CULTURAL CANVAS .........................................140 2 contents LIST OF PLANS PLAN 1: NETWORK AREA ..................................................................... 7 PLAN 17: SITES POTENTIALLY SENSITIVE TO RECREATIONAL PRESSURE – INTERNATIONALLY DESIGNATED SITES AND OTHERS PLAN 2: NATURAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT AREAS (NCIAS) ..................... 10 NAMED BY CONSULTEES ...................................................... 76 PLAN 3: ECOSERV-GIS – LOCAL CLIMATE REGULATION ........................ 20 PLAN 18: SITES POTENTIALLY SENSITIVE TO RECREATIONAL PRESSURE .. 77 PLAN 4: HOUSING ALLOCATIONS – GREATER THAN 100 HOUSES PLAN 19: ECOSERV-GIS – POLLINATION ................................................ 79 (2015) .................................................................................. 22 PLAN 20: BIODIVERSITY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY .................... 82 PLAN 5: NATIONAL LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS .......................... 45 PLAN 21: WOODLANDS ...................................................................... 84 PLAN 6: LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS – COUNTY LEVEL ................. 47 PLAN 22: ECOSERV-GIS – CARBON STORAGE ....................................... 86 PLAN 7: LANDSCAPE CONDITION 1990-2003 COUNTRYSIDE QUALITY COUNTS ................................................................. 49 PLAN 23: PARTICIPATION IN SPORT AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK (SPORT ENGLAND)............................................................................ 93 PLAN 8: CUMULATIVE VIEWSHED MAP ............................................... 51 PLAN 24: INDICES OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION 2019 .............................. 94 PLAN 9: RELATIVE TRANQUILLITY ......................................................... 53 PLAN 25: GENERAL HEALTH, BAD OR VERY BAD (CENSUS 2011) ........... 95 PLAN 10: DARK NIGHT SKY MAPPING .................................................. 54 PLAN 26: TWO LOWEST COMPOSITE HEALTH SCORE CATEGORIES AND PLAN 11: SCHEDULED MONUMENTS AND BATTLEFIELDS ....................... 56 ACCESSIBLE NATURAL GREENSPACE WITH 300M BUFFER....... 98 PLAN 12: NATURA 2000 SITES AND