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Caridina Nilotica (P. Roux, 1833) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) from East Africa, with Descriptions of Four New Species

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Caridina Nilotica (P. Roux, 1833) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) from East Africa, with Descriptions of Four New Species PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 118(4):706±730. 2005. Caridina nilotica (P. Roux, 1833) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) from East Africa, with descriptions of four new species Jasmine Richard and Paul F. Clark (JR) formerly Department of Zoology, Bharathi Women's College, Chennai 600 108, India, email: [email protected] (PFC) Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5DB, England, email: [email protected] Abstract.ÐCaridina nilotica (P. Roux, 1833) is redescribed and its distri- bution restricted to the River Nile catchment area, although con®rmation is required of the presence of this species from the Blue Nile. Material identi®ed as C. nilotica from outside this African area requires clari®cation and probably belongs to other species of Caridina. Two independent collections of atyids from Lake Bunyonyi, Uganda, which is not part of the Nile catchment, were re-examined and found to comprise four new Caridina species. These are de- scribed and illustrated, and a key is provided distinguishing the new species from C. nilotica. Hussein and Obuid-Allah (1992a: 122) of the rostrum and the ®rst thoracic leg. As appeared to synonymize Caridina longiros- a result, he concluded that C. nilotica was tris H. Milne Edwards, 1837, C. grandiros- an extremely heterogeneous complex of tris Stimpson, 1861, C. leucosticta Stimp- forms extending from Central Africa to the son, 1861, C. wyckii (S. I. Hickson, 1888) West Paci®c and that its morphology was and C. nilotica typica De Man, 1908 with so variable that it was unde®nable. Later, C. nilotica (P. Roux, 1833). They (Hussein Johnson (1963) argued that some tentative and Obuid-Allah 1992a) referred to their attempts should be made to separate the nil- material (collected from Asyut, Egypt) as otica complex into species and suggested C. nilotica nilotica but they failed to clarify that typical Caridina nilotica was essential- the status of the synonymized taxa±were ly African. The present study is more rad- these synonymies subspeci®c (i.e., C. nilo- ical with regard to the distribution of Car- tica leucosticta), or speci®c (i.e., C. niloti- idina nilotica, restricting it to the River Nile ca)? This nomenclatorial confusion raised watershed. old problems relating to the distribution and The Nile ¯ows south to north over 35 taxonomy of C. nilotica. In effect, Hussein degrees of latitude and is the longest river and Obuid-Allah (1992a) had resurrected in the world, with a length of over 6800 the ''nilotica complex'' with a suggested km. Its catchment is vast, with an estimated distribution from East Africa to the West area of 3.3 million km2, including ca. Paci®c. 81,500 km2 of lakes and ca. 70,000 km2 of Johnson (1960) stated that Caridina had swamps. There are ten riparian countries long been a dif®cult genus to study. He along the Nile±Burundi, Democratic Re- considered that this was due in part to the public of Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, small morphological differences that sepa- Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and rated closely related Caridina species and Uganda. For the present study, Caridina in part to the variability that many species nilotica material was examined from Lake showed in characters such as the armature Tanganyika northward to Lakes Victoria VOLUME 118, NUMBER 4 707 and Albert, the White Nile, and Nile. Gor- Measurements.ÐAdults were measured don (1930, 1933) had previously examined from the anterior tip of the rostrum to the most of this material. Unfortunately, the posterior margin of the telson. Carapace presence of C. nilotica from the Blue Nile length was measured from the postorbital could not be con®rmed, as Caridina mate- margin to the posterior margin of the car- rial from this river was not available. apace. Of particular interest was the material Description.ÐAppendages without dis- studied by Gordon (1933) from Lake Bun- tinguishing characters are ®gured but not yonyi (Bunyoni), Kabale District, in the described; these include maxillule, maxilla, southwestern region of Uganda. Lake Bun- ®rst maxilliped, second maxilliped, third yonyi has an area of approximately 6100 maxilliped, fourth pereopod, and second hectares, is about 25 km long and 7 km male pleopod. wide, is about 1950 m above sea level, has 29 islands, and is the second deepest lake Taxonomy in Africa (900 m). Lake Bunyonyi is not part of the Nile catchment; it is isolated. Caridina nilotica (P. Roux, 1833) There were two separate collections from Figs. 1±4 the lake in the Natural History Museum, Pelias niloticus P. Roux, 1833: 73, pl. 7, London. The ®rst comprises three jars reg- ®g. 1. istered under the numbers 1934.2.8.8±37, Caridina nilotica, De Man, 1908: 255, pl. 38±87, 88±90, from the Cambridge Expe- 20, ®gs. 1 & 2; Calman, 1928: 738; Gor- dition to the East African Lakes, 1930±31, don, 1930: 33, ®g. 13b, c; 1933: 351 collected by E. B. Worthington during Au- (part); Woltereck, 1942: 279, ®gs. 12 & gust 1931, reported on by Gordon (1933) 13 (part). and identi®ed by her as Caridina nilotica. Caridina nilotica gracilipes, Calman, 1906: The second collection was unregistered un- 189±191 (part). til the present study and was labelled Car- Caridina nilotica typica, Bouvier, 1925: idina sp., Lake Bunyuni, coll. J. Ford, and 146 (part). is assumed to be collected some time after Caridina nilotica nilotica, Hussein & Ob- the Cambridge Expedition as Gordon uid-Allah, 1992a: 121, ®gs 1±7 (part); (1933) did not report on this material. The 1992b: 203, ®gs 1±4. Caridina material contained within these four jars could be divided into four groups Material examined.ÐEgypt: Port Said, that were morphologically distinct from the pres. R. Gurney, NHM 1921.4.27.38±42, 5 Nile catchment species, C. nilotica. males, 3 females, 1 juv.; NHM 2004.1557± The purpose of this study is to redescribe 59, 1 female ovig., 1 female; Nile near Cai- Caridina nilotica, describe four new Cari- ro, coll. & pres. Capt. S.S. Flower, NHM dina species from Lake Bunyonyi, Uganda, 1906.6.1.5±9, 1 male, 6 females ovig., 1 fe- and present a key separating these ®ve spe- male; NHM 2004.2560±62, 1 female ovig., cies. 1 female; near Cairo, Egypt, NHM Abbreviation used.ÐNHM 5 Natural 2004.2541±50, 6 males, 1 female ovig.; History Museum, London; MNHN 5 Mu- NHM 1950.1.2.145±146, 2 females ovig.; seÂum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris; Nile near Al Qanatir Al Khayriah (Qanatir RMNH 5 Nationaal Naturhistorisch Mu- Muhammad Ali), MNHN D39199, 4 males, seum (ex Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke 2 females ovig., 2 females; Giza, pres. Capt. Historie, Leiden); E.A.F.R.O. 5 East Afri- S.S. Flower, NHM 1908.4.11.1±5, 10 can Fisheries Research Organisation; stn 5 males, 1 female ovig.; Haremilik Canal, station; ovig. 5 ovigerous; juv. 5 juveniles; Zoological Survey of Egypt, NHM coll. 5 collected; pres. 5 presented. 1922.11.22.36±55, 20 males, 60 females 708 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fig. 1. Caridina nilotica. Female from NHM 1928.8.28.12. a. lateral view; b. antennular peduncle; c. an- tennal scale; d. mandibles; e. maxillule; f. maxilla; g. ®rst maxilliped; h. second maxilliped; i. third maxilliped. Scale bars: a 5 1 mm; b±i 5 0.5 mm. VOLUME 118, NUMBER 4 709 ovig., 5 females; NHM 2004.1551±56, 1 Murchinson Falls, coll. E.B. Worthington male, 2 females ovig.; Cambridge Expedi- and Michael Graham, NHM 1929.10.23.3± tion to Suez Canal 1924, Timsha Lagoon, 42, 2 females ovig., 3 females; Lake Kwan- NHM 1927.11.2.53±72, 25 males, 8 fe- ia local lacustrine modi®cations, NHM males ovig., 36 females, 58 juv.; Lake Is- 1929.10.23.3±42, 9 males, 1 female; Cam- mailia, NHM 1927.11.2.73±77, 11 males, 5 bridge expedition to East African Lakes females ovig., 24 females; Lake Nasser, 1930±1931, stn 617, Lake George, coll. P.C. Raheja, Development Centre, 1934.2.8.3±7, 3 males, 2 females ovig., 2 NHM 1969.976, 5 males, 5 females ovig., females; Entebbe, Lake Victoria (Victoria 5 females; NHM 1950.1.2.140±144, Ka- Nyanza), purchased E. Degan, NHM bret, fresh water canal, 4 females; Egypt, 1906.4.11.10±19, 1 male, 1 female ovig. 2 NHM 1950.1.2.145±146, 2 females; Suez, females; Entebbe 37009, Capt. C.R.S. Pit- NHM 1913.10.30. 19±20, 1 female; NHM man, NHM 1935.6.26.1±2, 1 male, 1 fe- 1913.10.30. 21±25, 1 male, 3 females ovig., male ovig., 1 female; 17 miles from En- 1 female, 3 juv. tebbe, pres. by Corbat, E.A.F.R.O., NHM Sudan: White Nile, coll. L. Loat, NHM 1958.1.20, 2 females ovig.; Lake Victoria, 1906.6.1, 2 females ovig.; Nil Blanc, envi- Karunga, pres. Acting Commissioner, East rons de Kosti (White Nile surroundings of African Protectorate, NHM 1906.1.6.1±10, Kosti), 01.29, MNHN Na 992, 4 females 20 females ovig.; (Victoria Nyanza) coll. ovig., 1 female; Lac No, con¯uent Nil W.A. Cunnington, NHM 1906.2.12.11±20, Blanc-Bhar el Charal (the con¯uent White 5 males, 18 females ovig., 15 females; NileÐBhar el Charal), 01.29, MNHN Na NHM 1906.2.12.21±25, 1 female ovig., 5 993, 4 females ovig., 1 female; Nil Blanc, females, 6 juv.; West shore, pres. Wood- mare de Malakal, (White Nile, pond of Ma- house Esq., NHM 1911.12.21, 1 female; lakal), coll.
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