GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS WY-2 25 Lake Side Drive HALS WY-2 Guernsey Platte County Wyoming

WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA

HISTORIC AMERICAN LANDSCAPES SURVEY National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street NW Washington, DC 20240-0001 HISTORIC AMERICAN LANDSCAPES SURVEY

GUERNSEY STATE PARK

HALS NO. WY-2

Location: 25 Lake Side Drive, Guernsey, Platte County, Wyoming

Guernsey State Park is located in southeast Wyoming, 40 miles west of the Nebraska border and one mile north of the small town of Guernsey.

Lat: 42.281595, Long: -104.767374 (South Park Entrance, Google Earth, Simple Cylindrical Projection, WGS84).

Significance: Guernsey State Park is an exemplary result of the early collaboration of the National Park Service and the Bureau of Reclamation during the New Deal era in the development of “recreation areas” around western state reservoirs. Funded by federal reclamation projects, these reservoirs were constructed for generating hydroelectric power and providing irrigation. Guernsey State Park served as a prototype for the creation of national recreational development around other Bureau of Reclamation reservoirs in the West including those at (Boulder) Hoover Dam and Grand Coulee Dam.

Guernsey State Park was designated a National Historic Landmark (NHL) in 1997. According to Ethan Carr and Susan Begley who authored the NHL nomination for the park, it is:

“…an extremely significant and well preserved state park of the period, and epitomizes the artistic quality and high aspirations held for the state parks designed by the Park Service and built by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) during the 1930s.”

Description: The park consists of 6,227 acres situated along the east and west banks and wooded hills of Lake Guernsey, a 14-mile long Bureau of Reclamation reservoir on the North Platte River. The park site is between 4,000 and 5,000 feet in elevation. The Laramie Mountains are visible thirty-five miles to the west, particularly Laramie Peak that stands at 10,276 feet tall and was an important landmark to pioneers on the westward journey. The Guernsey Dam constructed between 1925-27, is a 135-foot high embankment that stores water and also controls the flow from other dams on the river. The dam was part of the North Platte River Project which consisted of three dams that irrigated an area 100 miles long and 25 miles wide in Wyoming and Nebraska and was one of the earliest and most successful of the Bureau of Reclamation undertakings.

Guernsey State Park is located in an important historic area, within close proximity to Fort Laramie, a major stop along the Oregon, California, and GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 2

Mormon trails that followed the Platte River for hundreds of miles through Nebraska and into Wyoming. One of the most outstanding examples of trail ruts in Wyoming is located approximately five miles south of the park outside the nearby town of Guernsey. The area is also rich in archaeological deposits that date from Paleoindian to historic times and include the well-known Hell Gap Site, the Patton Site, and the Spanish Diggings.

Important features of Guernsey State Park include numerous stone buildings and structures, and sites. Two National Park Service-designed roads, Lakeside Drive along the east side of the lake, and Skyline Drive which traverses the bluffs of the west side, offer the visitor breathtaking views of the lake and mountains. Significant CCC-constructed stone buildings and structures include the Museum, the “Castle”, and a comfort station known as the “million dollar biffy” as well as various picnic shelters, bridges, culverts, powder magazines, a drinking fountain, and ten trails. An unusual and original park feature is a nine-hole golf course made even more visible by a 2012 wildfire.

Guernsey State Park became part of the Wyoming State park system in 1957. The state has employed skilled craftspeople over the years for maintenance and preservation in the park. According to the 1997 NHL nomination:

“…the park persists as solid evidence of the degree of craftsmanship, design, and planning that the CCC, the Park Service, and cooperating authorities attained between 1933 and 1942.”

History: The basis for the history of Guernsey State Park as one of the earliest national recreation area projects began with the construction of Guernsey Dam in 1925- 27. The dam backed up fourteen miles of the North Platte River which provided an ideal reservoir for a collaboration between two federal entities, the National Park Service and the Bureau of Recreation, to consider for their initial development of what would become later known as national recreation areas.

The creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps was one of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first acts as president to provide relief from the Great Depression. The president outlined his ideas for work relief that would also improve and conserve American wilderness in March 1933 (Salmond 1967, 9-10). Originally called Emergency Conservation Work (ECW), the agency was envisioned as a way to not only provide work relief and confidence to a generation that often felt hopeless, but also to heal land that was suffering from drought and poor usage (Salmond 1967, 4). Plans proceeded quickly, with a bill drafted, amended, voted on, and finally signed into law within the month (Salmond 1967, 23). The first man was enrolled on April 7, 1933 (Paige 1985, 13).

The U.S. Army ran the camps, and the Department of Labor and the Veterans’ Administration chose the enrollees. Different federal agencies administered the GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 3 actual work depending on location and project type (Stuver 1935, 92). The goal was to put 600,000 men to work on projects around the U.S. (Stuver 1935, 92). The head of the Bureau of Reclamation, Elwood Mead, was originally from Wyoming and was instrumental in the building of Guernsey Dam, along with his good friend Charles Guernsey (Guernsey 1936, 226, 231). Guernsey Reservoir had been attracting locals since its creation in 1927, which was unsurprising given the rarity of large bodies of water in the area. Given the clear need for recreation development at the site and Mead’s familiarity with the area and its natural beauty, Guernsey Reservoir was an obvious choice for a Civilian Conservation Corps camp.

The construction of Guernsey State Park was one of the first two projects on which the Bureau of Reclamation, the National Park Service, and the Civilian Conservation Corps cooperated; the other was at Elephant Butte Reservoir in New Mexico. This cooperation was due to the recreational nature of the planned developments; the Bureau of Reclamation owned the land, but the NPS had experience in creating parklands (Martin 1935, 58, Mahoney and Hauff 1994, 35). The federal agencies intended from the start that the park would eventually be put under state control, which occurred in 1957 (Mahoney and Hauff 1994, 35).

The CCC arrived at the park in May 1934. Camp BR-9 (Bureau of Reclamation 9) was the first Bureau of Reclamation camp opened in the U.S. (Pfaff 2007, 178). It was joined in July by Camp BR-10 (Pfaff 2010). Bureau of Reclamation camps averaged around 200 men (Stuver 1935, 92), with the camps at Guernsey ranging from 138 to 258 throughout their lifespans (Project Reports on CCC Projects in State and Local Parks, Lake Guernsey Park). Conservation work was at the core of the CCC, and this extended to recreational parks. Underbrush and ground cover could not be cleared to the point of destroying the habitat of small birds and mammals, roads and trails were not to destroy wilderness areas, and exotic plants and artificial landscaping were to be avoided (Paige 1985, 104). However, to the CCC, conservation often meant development, an attitude it inherited from President Roosevelt (Cassity 2013, 69). Wilderness preservation was not the goal; laying the groundwork for economic activity and growth through “wise use” of natural resources was (Cassity 2013, 73). Guernsey State Park reflects this philosophy, as the Depression-era constructions provide amenities to visitors to the man-made Guernsey Reservoir in order to bring visitors closer to nature. The landscape is by no means undisturbed, but the facilities that the CCC built also keep disturbance to a minimum, by encouraging most visitors to stay in the developed areas. Moreover, since the area was developed for outdoor recreation, it is less likely to undergo other, more destructive forms of development (Carr 2005, 162).

All of the CCC-era development occurs on the eastern half of the park; Skyline Drive is the westernmost boundary from that time. Despite the development-as- GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 4 conservation ethos of the time, the western half of the park was originally left undeveloped to preserve that wilderness untouched. At Guernsey, the bulk of visitors would stay in the developed section but would still have access to the water and to the outdoor recreation that the area offered. This split has meant that, in the modern era, new construction has occurred outside of the original layout in the western half, preserving the CCC landscape while allowing for modern conveniences.

The cohesive landscape of the park was developed thanks to the foresight of Thomas Vint, chief landscape architect for the National Park Service. He developed the idea of a long-term, comprehensive plan that would incorporate the various needs of the park from earlier, five-year plans (McClelland 1993). The master plan was based on how people used the park, including favorite lookouts and picnicking spots, and a system of roads and trails was created to connect the important places. Vint also believed that scenery was important for travelers through the park; Guernsey’s master plan embraced the grand vistas of the area to best advantage through the overlooks and the layout of the roads. By November 1934, NPS landscape architects had completed the initial park plans around the same time the recruits finished building their camps (Pfaff 2010, A- 55). Richard G. Redell, the chief planner of the park, and C. Eldon Jones, another landscape architect, finished the master plan for the park by spring of 1935. The plans for Guernsey included not only the roads and trails, but also campsites, picnic shelters, and other conveniences.

Lakeside Drive and Skyline Drive were built according to the master plan, as well as numerous miles of hiking trails. Lakeside Drive in particular was a major project; its location at the base of the cliffs bounding Guernsey Reservoir on the east required extensive blasting in order to create a level road bed. Fortunately for the park, many local miners who were experienced in blasting had been laid off during the Depression. They were hired as Local Experienced Men to guide the enrollees in this dangerous work, as well as to provide general supervision (Thibodeau 2010). Local Experienced Men were present at all CCC camps, as older men who knew the area and could provide guidance and expertise to the camps. These men were also of invaluable assistance in maintaining good relationships with other local people (Salmond 1967, 34-35). Thanks in part to their efforts, much of Guernsey State Park’s trail system is still in place today, and the roads continue to connect areas of interest. The master plan also included recreational facilities like the museum, a swimming float, and scenic overlooks. There were plans for vacation homes near the shore of the lake, although many of these were not built until after World War II (Begley and Carr 1997, 18, Pfaff 2010, A-56). While 37 lots for vacation cabins were staked, only 25 were leased and used, and current policy dictates that no new cabins will be developed (Wolf and Rosenberg 2013, 95). Only four of the cabins date to the 1930s (Wolf and Rosenberg 2013, 98).

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The CCC-era structures fit into the category of the National Park Service’s rustic architecture, which grew out of nineteenth-century ideas about naturalistic landscape design and the later Arts and Crafts movement with its emphasis on handcrafting, natural settings, and vernacular architecture (McClelland 1993). Rustic architecture encouraged buildings that fit into the landscape through the use of native materials and designs developed by indigenous inhabitants and early settlers (Good 1938, 2). Moreover, buildings were to be scaled to their surroundings; a rugged area with huge trees demanded the use of large stones and logs in its structures (Good 1938, 3-4). Special construction equipment was not purchased for CCC camps if it could be replaced with manual labor, since the goal was to put men to work. At Guernsey, this led to hand-hewn stone buildings with hand-wrought hardware.

Rustic-style architecture flourished during the Great Depression as the National Park Service took advantage of the CCC program to promote the style throughout the country. Guernsey State Park includes some of the best examples in the country. The Sitting Bull picnic shelter off of Lakeside Drive was a favorite example of Conrad Wirth, the supervisor of many CCC state parks programs (Thibodeau 2010). Albert Good’s (1938) book, which was meant to serve as a guidebook for NPS architecture, showcased seven structures from Guernsey State Park, including the museum, the Million Dollar Biffy, and the Sitting Bull picnic shelter, as well as several smaller features like drinking fountains and signs. The decision to have two CCC camps in the park led directly to the excellence of work seen, as the camps engaged in a friendly rivalry, and the competition spurred the enrollees to ever-greater heights in workmanship and elaborateness of structure. The pride the men had in their work and their desire to one-up their colleagues across the reservoir made buildings like the museum and the Million Dollar Biffy possible (Thibodeau 2010).

The museum was designed early in 1935 by architect Roland Pray and completed by the CCC crews and Local Experienced Men by the end of 1936 (Pfaff 2010, A-57). The exhibits in the museum were designed by John C. Ewers with the intent of telling the history of the Guernsey area. At this time, the National Park Service was a leader in a new plan for museums, believing that museums should be educational storytellers, rather than mere collections of artifacts with no history given (Lewis 1993). To this end, cases containing exhibits that interpreted the history and geology of the area were constructed, with illustrative artifacts where necessary and a diorama illustrating an Oregon Trail camp near Register Cliff (Ewers 1937, 11).

The height of enrollment in the Civilian Conservation Corps nationwide came in September 1935, with over 500,000 men in the program. Soon after that, Roosevelt decided to reduce the number of camps in order to reduce the budget for the election year (Salmond 1967, 63). In January 1936, Camp BR-10 was GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 6 one of 489 camps lost to the reduction (Pfaff 2010, A-57, Salmond 1967, 65). Camp BR-9 stayed at Lake Guernsey for another two and a half years. In that time, the enrollees expanded trails, worked on roads and parking areas, and landscaped the developed areas, as well as finished the work left by Camp BR- 10. However, cuts to the program continued as the President attempted to create a smaller, permanent Civilian Conservation Corps, and Camp BR-9 closed on August 7, 1938 (Pfaff 2010, A-57).

There have been many changes in the years since the CCC left Guernsey State Park. Some of its construction projects, notably the log guard rails and some of the foot trails, have degraded and, in some cases, been replaced. Modern amenities have been installed, including beaches, boat ramps, and yurts. The Wyoming Parks Commission undertook management of the park’s recreational resources in 1957 (Mahoney and Hauff 1994, 35). Guernsey State Park has retained much of its original character and possesses several outstanding examples of Civilian Conservation Corps construction. Because of its importance as an early collaboration between the NPS and the Bureau of Reclamation, and because of its cohesiveness and integrity, the park has been listed in the National Register of Historic Places and is a National Historic Landmark. Its beauty is appreciated by tens of thousands of visitors each year and is a testament to the hard work and determination of the Civilian Conservation Corps enrollees and their supervisors.

Guernsey State Park represents one of the earliest collaborations among the National Park Service, the Bureau of Reclamation, and the Civilian Conservation Corps during the Great Depression (Pfaff 2007, 178). The park is an outstanding example of design for state parks, particularly those centered around Bureau of Reclamation reservoirs (Pfaff 2007, 178), and served as a model for such parks across the nation (National Park Service n.d.). While some development has occurred since the original CCC project, the park retains the original planned layout, and the newer developments do not detract from the original character.

Much of the park was constructed between 1934 and 1938 by two Civilian Conservation Corps crews, BR-9 and BR-10. They built the main roads, Skyline Drive and Lakeside Drive, as well as spur roads and a foot trail system. The CCC enrollees also constructed five picnic shelters: two at Spotted Tail picnic area, one each at Red Cloud and Sitting Bull areas, and the impressive Castle, which includes an overlook with spectacular views of the Guernsey Reservoir. The CCC’s highest achievement, the Guernsey Museum, continues to attract visitors by its powerful architecture and display of the original museum exhibits, designed by National Park Service interpreters and overseen by John Ewers of the National Park Service museum planning staff at Berkeley, California. In addition, culverts, water fountains, bridges, and other necessities were built by the enrollees, including the “Million Dollar Biffy”, probably one of the most impressive toilet facilities of its kind. Some of their efforts, such as the golf GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 7 course in the northeast part of the park and the fish-rearing ponds that lay outside park boundaries, are no longer in use, although most CCC-era structures are enjoyed by park visitors today. The care and pride that the CCC men had in their work is evident in the beauty and durability of their constructions.

The two main CCC-constructed roads, Skyline Drive on the west and Lakeside Drive on the east, provide access to recreational facilities. Guernsey State Park was designed to take advantage of the landscape around the lake, which is reflected in the location of the two main roads. Lakeside Drive enters the park in the south at the original park entrance. It wanders to the north and east until it crosses the Guernsey Dam. From there, the road continues to follow the shoreline of the reservoir for about five miles until it turns off to the northeast and joins the Hartville Highway. Lakeside Drive was originally planned to be a cul-de-sac; however, by 1939, the road was extended to meet Hartville Highway. Lakeside Drive was expanded to allow for easier access to other points of interest in the area, such as the Spanish Diggings archaeological landscape (Begley and Carr 1997, 8). Its partner is Skyline Drive, which travels along the top of the ridgeline on the west side of the reservoir, offering spectacular views of the lake and surrounding wilderness. Skyline Drive originally ended in a cul- de-sac about three and a half miles from its beginning at the park entrance. However, a spur road was added around its midpoint to connect to new recreational areas to the west; this spur is now part of Skyline Drive, with the road to the north of the split renamed Castle Drive. Both Lakeshore and Skyline Drives were later paved. Some of the original culverts remain, and, although the culverts are slated for repair, Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sites and Trails plans to retain the original stonework as much as possible (Thibodeau 2014). Multiple roads were constructed to connect the main roads to points of interest; they remain unpaved today with the exception of Castle Drive, which is paved to Davis Bay Drive.

The CCC workers laid out ten trails. (Mahoney and Hauff 1994, 57-60). Four were recently surveyed by Dan Wolf and Robert Rosenberg (2013): Red Cliff Trail, Roundtop Mountain Trail, Red Cloud Trail, and Knight Mountain Trail. Red Cliff Trail, which runs in a loop to the north of the dam, is still in common use and is marked by stone trail markers and stone stairs built by the CCC enrollees. Knight Mountain Trail, which is the northernmost hiking trail, does not receive as many visitors, but, like Red Cliff, retains its original stonework. Red Cloud Trail was partially renovated by the Youth Conservation Corps in the summers of 1976 and 1977. Most of the original trail was abandoned, and the renovated section and its new offshoot were renamed Evergreen Glade Trail. Red Cloud Trail connected the Spotted Tail picnic area to the Red Cliff Trail to the southeast of the museum. There is no longer any trace of Roundtop Mountain Trail, likely due to the construction and subsequent demolition of a communications tower on the mountaintop. These four official trails were a combined length of four miles long. Another trail begins near Camp BR-9, the GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 8 original CCC camp. One trail investigator at Guernsey State Park suggested that the trail may end at the town of Guernsey and, if so, was used by the enrollees to go on excursions to town. Parts of the trail are marked by tin cans filled with rocks, and none of the stonework found on other trails is in evidence (Wolf and Rosenberg 2013, 70-93).

North of the park’s entrance, off of Lakeside Drive, is the Guernsey Museum which received contemporary praise from John Ewers who called it “one of the most beautiful small museums in the West” (Ewers 1937, 2). The museum building is a classic example of the National Park Service’s use of rustic architecture during this period, a stylistic category with a focus on buildings that blend with their surroundings. The museum building is constructed of large blocks of native sandstone, reflecting the desire of the architects to use materials that are in harmony with the natural surroundings. While many NPS rustic style buildings were made of logs, including well-known structures like Old Faithful Inn and the Grand Canyon Depot, the stone blocks of the Guernsey Museum better reflect the impressive sandstone cliffs surrounding the reservoir. Care was used to select rocks with naturally weathered surfaces, and the roof was built of hand-hewn timbers and cedar shakes (The Museum at Guernsey Wyoming 1940, 184). Inside the museum, the floors are made of natural native stone laid in a seemingly random design that was, in reality, carefully planned at the quarry site in Thermopolis (The Museum at Guernsey Wyoming 1940, 184). Ironware throughout the building was handmade by CCC enrollees (The Museum at Guernsey Wyoming 1940, 185).

The theme for the exhibits in the Guernsey Museum is “How Man Has Attempted to Adapt Himself to the Natural Environment of the Guernsey Area from Prehistoric Times to the Present,” ideal for a landscape containing prehistoric rock quarries and early 20th century canals and reservoirs (Ewers 1937, 6). Originally, designer John C. Ewers planned 15 exhibits that would include information on local geology, environment, and prehistory, as well as more recent history from the Oregon Trail to the building of Guernsey Dam (Ewers 1937, Lawson 2004). Only ten of these were installed in 1940, while the rest were never completed due to the outbreak of World War II and the resulting diversion of federal money to the war effort (Lawson 2004). The original exhibits remain in the museum, with minor changes; these generally include additional artifacts and the replacement of deteriorated material (Clancy 2001). The original exhibits contribute to the historic importance of the museum.

The Sitting Bull picnic shelter, located off of Lakeside Drive about half a mile north of the museum, is an excellent example of the rustic architecture that the National Park Service helped bring into prominence during the Great Depression. The picnic shelter is made of native stone quarried within the park and features a flared foundation that appears to be a continuation of a natural rock outcropping. There is a massive stone fireplace within the shelter as well as GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 9 stone seats. Four other picnic shelters dating to the 1930s are in current use and retain their original characteristics, thanks to a skilled group of craftspeople that has been employed by the park for years for building upkeep and maintenance (Thibodeau 2014). Perhaps the most well-known of the picnic shelters is the Castle, which is located at the end of Castle Drive on the ridge above the western shore of Guernsey Reservoir. The Castle is a massive structure made of native stone and logs. It was built to take advantage of its position on the high, western ridge: the arches on the ground floor of the Castle frame Laramie Peak, the highest mountain in the area, and there is an open second floor for viewing. The “Million Dollar Biffy” is another highlight of the park, an unusual distinction for a latrine. The biffy is located near the Castle and, like other CCC structures, was made from massive logs and native stone. Like the Sitting Bull shelter, the biffy creates the illusion of growing out of the rock, in this case due to the masses of rock that flare out at each corner.

There are two major features constructed by the CCC that are no longer in use at the state park: the golf course and the fish-rearing ponds. The golf course is in the northeast part of the park, although parts of it are no longer within park boundaries. The north end of the C-shaped course, about a third of the total area, is on private land, while a portion in the south is owned by the Wyoming Military Department (Wolf and Rosenberg 2013, 60). The golf course is overgrown, although a recent wildfire cleared away numerous trees. A recent survey of the area showed that tee boxes and greens were still in evidence, and a single golf hole with its metal insert was found (Wolf and Rosenberg 2013, 59- 64). The other major original feature is the fish-rearing ponds, which were constructed outside of the bounds of the park. The ponds were never used, as the soil was found to be unable to hold water (Junge 1977, 7.9-7.10).

Civilian Conservation Corps work areas are still evident across the park. While one of the actual camps, BR-10, is completely gone, there are two buildings from Camp BR-9 in continuous use, a 10-stall garage and a shop. Foundations corresponding to the location of other camp buildings and the remains of walkways can also be found at the camp site (Wolf and Rosenberg 2013, 49). Powder magazines can be found along Lakeside Drive, remnants of the blasting required to build that road. Finally, the quarries from which most of the stone for the park was extracted still contain evidence of stone extraction. One lies to the northwest of the golf course. Many of the stones there show borehole scars, and there is an abandoned road in the area that was likely used to drag stones away (Wolf and Rosenberg 2013, 69). The other quarry can be found in the area to the southwest of the Castle, hidden from view from the recreation areas. This quarry has seen use since the CCC-era, as the park has used it when stone is needed for building repair. In addition to the extraction area, there is historic debris and the foundations of two buildings that may date to the Great Depression (Rosenberg 2005).

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Overall, the landscape at Guernsey State Park shows excellent preservation. With most modern development kept to the west of Skyline Drive, the original layout of the park is clear to all visitors. Buildings that have been major attractions since their genesis are still standing and in excellent condition. Repair work over the years has been done by skilled craftsmen with an eye towards preservation of the original design, feeling, materials, and workmanship (Thibodeau 2014). Guernsey State Park is a jewel of Wyoming’s state park system and a crowning achievement for the Civilian Conservation Corps.

Sources: Begley, Susan, and Ethan Carr. Lake Guernsey State Park. National Historic Landmark Nomination, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior, 1997. Carr, Ethan. Design With Culture: Claiming America's Landscape Heritage. Edited by Mary V. Hughes Charles A. Birnbaum. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2005. Cassity, Michael. Building Up Wyoming: Depression-Era Federal Projects in Wyoming, 1929-1943. Cheyenne: Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office, Wyoming State Parks and Cultural Resources, 2013. Clancy, Eileen C. "Guernsey State Park Museum Survey." Conservation Report, 2001. Ewers, John C. A Preliminary Exhibit Plan for the Museum at Guernsey Lake Park, Wyoming. Vol. Revised Edition. Western Museum Laboratories, National Park Service, 1937. Good, Albert H. Park and Recreation Structures. Civilian Conservation Corps, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior, 1938. Guernsey, Charles A. Wyoming Cowboy Days. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1936. Junge, Mark. Guernsey Lake Park. National Register of Historic Places Nomination, Cheyenne: Wyoming Recreation Commission, 1977. Lawson, John. Completion of Exhibit Cases at Guernsey Museum, Lake Guernsey National Historic Landmark. Letter to the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office, Mills, Wyoming: Wyoming Area Office, Great Plains Region, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior, 2004. Lewis, Ralph H. Museum Curatorship in the National Park Service 1904-1982. Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Curatorial Services Division, 1993. Mahoney, John F., and Jeff Hauff. Guernsey State Park Master Plan. State Parks and Historic Sites, Department of Commerce, 1994. Martin, John S. "Accomplishments and Finances of Emergency Conservation Work Camps." The Reclamation Era, March 1935: 58-59. Mather, Stephen T. Annual Report of the Director of the National Park Service. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1918. McClelland, Linda Flint. Presenting Nature: The Historic Landscape Design of the National Park Service 1916 to 1942. National Park Service, 1993. GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 11

National Park Service. Guernsey Dam, Wyoming. n.d. http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/ReclamationDamsAndWaterProjects/Guern sey_Dam.html (accessed June 8, 2014). Paige, John C. The Civilian Conservation Corps and the National Park Service, 1933-1942: An Administrative History. National Park Service, US Department of the Interior, 1985. Pfaff, Christine E. The Bureau of Reclamation's Architectural Legacy: 1902 to 1955. Denver: Bureau of Reclamation, US Department of the Interior, 2007. —. The Bureau of Reclamation's Civilian Conservation Corps Legacy: 1933- 1942. Denver: Bureau of Reclamation, US Department of the Interior, 2010. Project Reports on CCC Projects in State and Local Parks, Lake Guernsey Park. Project Reports for CCC Camps BR-9 and BR-10, 1934-1937, Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Cheyenne: Wyoming State Archives, Accession #H-254. Rosenberg, Robert and Ellen. Civilian Conservation Corps Stone Quarry. Wyoming Cultural Properties Form, Laramie: Cultural Records Office, Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office, 2005. Salmond, John A. The Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933-1942: A New Deal Case Study. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1967. Stuver, D.S. "Emergency Conservation Work under Reclamation Bureau." The Reclamation Era, May 1935: 92, 98. The Reclamation Era. "The Museum at Guernsey Wyoming." June 1940: 184- 186. Thibodeau, Todd. (April 24, 2014). Thibodeau, Todd. Guernsey State Park Audio Tour. Click Point Ranch. 2010. Waugh, Frank A. Landscape Conservation. Washington, DC: Emergency Conservation Work, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior, 1935. Wolf, Dan, and Robert Rosenberg. "A Class III Cultural Resources Block Inventory, Lake Guernsey National Historic Landmark." Archaeological Report, Office of the Wyoming State Archaeologist, Wyoming Department of State Parks and Cultural Resources, Laramie, 2013.

Historian: Nancy Weidel Centennial Farm & Ranch Program Coordinator Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office Department of State Parks & Cultural Resources

July 31, 2014

Entry 2014 HALS Challenge: Documenting Landscapes of the New Deal GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 12

Guernsey State Park Map, Division of State Parks and Historic Sites, Wyoming Department of State Parks and Cultural Resources (http://wyoparks.state.wy.us/pdf/Brochure/Guernsey.pdf, accessed July 2014). GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 13

Guernsey Dam (Richard Collier).

Road over Guernsey Dam (Richard Colleir). GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 14

Guernsey Museum (Richard Collier).

Red Cloud Picnic Shelter (Richard Collier). GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 15

Guernsey Lake from Brimmer Point (Richard Collier).

Skyline Drive from Brimmer Point (Richard Collier). GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 16

The Castle (Richard Collier).

The Castle (Richard Collier). GUERNSEY STATE PARK HALS NO. WY-2 PAGE 17

Guernsey Lake from the Castle (Richard Collier).

Lakeside Drive from the Castle (Richard Collier).

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The Million Dollar Biffy comfort station (Richard Collier).

The Million Dollar Biffy comfort station (Richard Collier).