The Neonatal Neurological Examination: Improving Understanding and Performance
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Journal Pre-proof Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Consult Series #56: Hepatitis C in Pregnancy: Updated Guidelines Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM), Sarah K. Dotters-Katz, MD MMHPE, Jeffrey A. Kuller, MD, Brenna L. Hughes, MD, MSc PII: S0002-9378(21)00639-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.008 Reference: YMOB 13905 To appear in: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Please cite this article as: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM), Dotters-Katz SK, Kuller JA, Hughes BL, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Consult Series #56: Hepatitis C in Pregnancy: Updated Guidelines, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (2021), doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.008. This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. © 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. 1 Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Consult Series #56: Hepatitis C in 2 Pregnancy: Updated Guidelines 3 4 Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM); Sarah K. Dotters-Katz, MD MMHPE; Jeffrey A. 5 Kuller, MD; Brenna L. Hughes, MD, MSc 6 7 (Replaces Consult #43, November 2017) 8 9 10 Address all correspondence to: 11 The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Publications Committee 12 409 12th St, SW 13 Washington, DC 20024 14 Phone: 202-863-2476 15 Fax: 202-554-1132 16 Email: [email protected] Journal Pre-proof 17 18 Reprints will not be available 19 20 Condensation: This Consult reviews the current literature on hepatitis C in pregnancy and 21 provides recommendations based on the available evidence. -
Extrinsic Factors Influencing Fetal Deformations and Intrauterine
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Pregnancy Volume 2012, Article ID 750485, 11 pages doi:10.1155/2012/750485 Review Article Extrinsic Factors Influencing Fetal Deformations and Intrauterine Growth Restriction Wendy Moh, 1 John M. Graham Jr.,2 Isha Wadhawan,2 and Pedro A. Sanchez-Lara1 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry and Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 90, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA 2 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Medical Genetics Institute and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, PACT Suite 400, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Pedro A. Sanchez-Lara, [email protected] Received 24 March 2012; Revised 4 June 2012; Accepted 4 June 2012 Academic Editor: Sinuhe Hahn Copyright © 2012 Wendy Moh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The causes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are multifactorial with both intrinsic and extrinsic influences. While many studies focus on the intrinsic pathological causes, the possible long-term consequences resulting from extrinsic intrauterine physiological constraints merit additional consideration and further investigation. Infants with IUGR can exhibit early symmetric or late asymmetric growth abnormality patterns depending on the fetal stage of development, of which the latter is most common occurring in 70–80% of growth-restricted infants. Deformation is the consequence of extrinsic biomechanical factors interfering with normal growth, functioning, or positioning of the fetus in utero, typically arising during late gestation. -
Focusing on the Re-Emergence of Primitive Reflexes Following Acquired Brain Injuries
33 Focusing on The Re-Emergence of Primitive Reflexes Following Acquired Brain Injuries Resiliency Through Reconnections - Reflex Integration Following Brain Injury Alex Andrich, OD, FCOVD Scottsdale, Arizona Patti Andrich, MA, OTR/L, COVT, CINPP September 19, 2019 Alex Andrich, OD, FCOVD Patti Andrich, MA, OTR/L, COVT, CINPP © 2019 Sensory Focus No Pictures or Videos of Patients The contents of this presentation are the property of Sensory Focus / The VISION Development Team and may not be reproduced or shared in any format without express written permission. Disclosure: BINOVI The patients shown today have given us permission to use their pictures and videos for educational purposes only. They would not want their images/videos distributed or shared. We are not receiving any financial compensation for mentioning any other device, equipment, or services that are mentioned during this presentation. Objectives – Advanced Course Objectives Detail what primitive reflexes (PR) are Learn how to effectively screen for the presence of PRs Why they re-emerge following a brain injury Learn how to reintegrate these reflexes to improve patient How they affect sensory-motor integration outcomes How integration techniques can be used in the treatment Current research regarding PR integration and brain of brain injuries injuries will be highlighted Cases will be presented Pioneers to Present Day Leaders Getting Back to Life After Brain Injury (BI) Descartes (1596-1650) What is Vision? Neuro-Optometric Testing Vision writes spatial equations -
Neonatal Orthopaedics
NEONATAL ORTHOPAEDICS NEONATAL ORTHOPAEDICS Second Edition N De Mazumder MBBS MS Ex-Professor and Head Department of Orthopaedics Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences Kolkata, West Bengal, India Visiting Surgeon Department of Orthopaedics Chittaranjan Sishu Sadan Kolkata, West Bengal, India Ex-President West Bengal Orthopaedic Association (A Chapter of Indian Orthopaedic Association) Kolkata, West Bengal, India Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon Park Children’s Centre Kolkata, West Bengal, India Foreword AK Das ® JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD. New Delhi • London • Philadelphia • Panama (021)66485438 66485457 www.ketabpezeshki.com ® Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. Headquarters Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357 Fax: +91-11-43574314 Email: [email protected] Overseas Offices J.P. Medical Ltd. Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers Inc. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd. 83, Victoria Street, London City of Knowledge, Bld. 237, Clayton The Bourse SW1H 0HW (UK) Panama City, Panama 111, South Independence Mall East Phone: +44-2031708910 Phone: +507-301-0496 Suite 835, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA Fax: +02-03-0086180 Fax: +507-301-0499 Phone: +267-519-9789 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 17/1-B, Babar Road, Block-B, Shaymali Shorakhute, Kathmandu Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207 Nepal Bangladesh Phone: +00977-9841528578 Mobile: +08801912003485 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Website: www.jaypeedigital.com © 2013, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the publisher. -
A Neurological Examination
THE 3 MINUTE NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION DEMYSTIFIED Faculty: W.J. Oczkowski MD, FRCPC Professor and Academic Head, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University Stroke Neurologist, Hamilton Health Sciences Relationships with commercial interests: ► Not Applicable Potential for conflict(s) of interest: ► Not Applicable Mitigating Potential Bias ► All the recommendations involving clinical medicine are based on evidence that is accepted within the profession. ► All scientific research referred to, reported, or used is in the support or justification of patient care. ► Recommendations conform to the generally accepted standards. ► Independent content validation. ► The presentation will mitigate potential bias by ensuring that data and recommendations are presented in a fair and balanced way. ► Potential bias will be mitigated by presenting a full range of products that can be used in this therapeutic area. ► Information of the history, development, funding, and the sponsoring organizations of the disclosure presented will be discussed. Objectives ► Overview of neurological assessment . It’s all about stroke! . It’s all about the chief complaint and history. ► Overview: . 3 types of clinical exams . Neurological signs . Neurological localization o Pathognomonic signs o Upper versus lower motor neuron signs ► Cases and practice Bill ► 72 year old male . Hypertension . Smoker ► Stroke call: dizzy, facial droop, slurred speech ► Neurological Exam: . Ptosis and miosis on left . Numb left face . Left palatal weakness . Dysarthria . Ataxic left arm and left leg . Numb right arm and leg NIH Stroke Scale Score ► LOC: a,b,c_________________ 0 ► Best gaze__________________ 0 0 ► Visual fields________________ 0 ► Facial palsy________________ 0 ► Motor arm and leg__________ -Left Ptosis 2 -Left miosis ► Limb ataxia________________ -Weakness of 1 ► Sensory_______________________ left palate ► Best Language______________ 0 1 ► Dysarthria_________________ 0 ► Extinction and inattention____ - . -
Central Venous Pressure Venous Examination but Underestimates Ultrasound Accurately Reflects the Jugular
Ultrasound Accurately Reflects the Jugular Venous Examination but Underestimates Central Venous Pressure Gur Raj Deol, Nicole Collett, Andrew Ashby and Gregory A. Schmidt Chest 2011;139;95-100; Prepublished online August 26, 2010; DOI 10.1378/chest.10-1301 The online version of this article, along with updated information and services can be found online on the World Wide Web at: http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/139/1/95.full.html Chest is the official journal of the American College of Chest Physicians. It has been published monthly since 1935. Copyright2011by the American College of Chest Physicians, 3300 Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights reserved. No part of this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. (http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml) ISSN:0012-3692 Downloaded from chestjournal.chestpubs.org at UCSF Library & CKM on January 21, 2011 © 2011 American College of Chest Physicians CHEST Original Research CRITICAL CARE Ultrasound Accurately Refl ects the Jugular Venous Examination but Underestimates Central Venous Pressure Gur Raj Deol , MD ; Nicole Collett , MD ; Andrew Ashby , MD ; and Gregory A. Schmidt , MD , FCCP Background: Bedside ultrasound examination could be used to assess jugular venous pressure (JVP), and thus central venous pressure (CVP), more reliably than clinical examination. Methods: The study was a prospective, blinded evaluation comparing physical examination of external jugular venous pressure (JVPEXT), internal jugular venous pressure (JVPINT), and ultrasound collapse pressure (UCP) with CVP measured using an indwelling catheter. We com- pared the examination of the external and internal JVP with each other and with the UCP and CVP. -
Retained Neonatal Reflexes | the Chiropractic Office of Dr
Retained Neonatal Reflexes | The Chiropractic Office of Dr. Bob Apol 12/24/16, 1:56 PM Temper tantrums Hypersensitive to touch, sound, change in visual field Moro Reflex The Moro Reflex is present at 9-12 weeks after conception and is normally fully developed at birth. It is the baby’s “danger signal”. The baby is ill-equipped to determine whether a signal is threatening or not, and will undergo instantaneous arousal. This may be due to sudden unexpected occurrences such as change in head position, noise, sudden movement or change of light or even pain or temperature change. This activates the stress response system of “fight or flight”. If the Moro Reflex is present after 6 months of age, the following signs may be present: Reaction to foods Poor regulation of blood sugar Fatigues easily, if adrenalin stores have been depleted Anxiety Mood swings, tense muscles and tone, inability to accept criticism Hyperactivity Low self-esteem and insecurity Juvenile Suck Reflex This is active together with the “Rooting Reflex” which allows the baby to feed and suck. If this reflex is not sufficiently integrated, the baby will continue to thrust their tongue forward, pushing on the upper jaw and causing an overbite. This by nature affects the jaw and bite position. This may affect: Chewing Difficulties with solid foods Dribbling Rooting Reflex Light touch around the mouth and cheek causes the baby’s head to turn to the stimulation, the mouth to open and tongue extended in preparation for feeding. It is present from birth usually to 4 months. -
Bates' Pocket Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking
Lynn S. Bickley, MD, FACP Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine School of Medicine University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico Peter G. Szilagyi, MD, MPH Professor of Pediatrics Chief, Division of General Pediatrics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York Acquisitions Editor: Elizabeth Nieginski/Susan Rhyner Product Manager: Annette Ferran Editorial Assistant: Ashley Fischer Design Coordinator: Joan Wendt Art Director, Illustration: Brett MacNaughton Manufacturing Coordinator: Karin Duffield Indexer: Angie Allen Prepress Vendor: Aptara, Inc. 7th Edition Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright © 2009 by Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright © 1995, 1991 by J. B. Lippincott Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appear- ing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia PA 19103, via email at [email protected] or via website at lww.com (products and services). 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bickley, Lynn S. Bates’ pocket guide to physical examination and history taking / Lynn S. -
SUBGALEAL HEMATOMA Sarah Meyers MS4 Ilse Castro-Aragon MD CASE HISTORY
SUBGALEAL HEMATOMA Sarah Meyers MS4 Ilse Castro-Aragon MD CASE HISTORY Ex-FT (37w6d) male infant born by low transverse C-section for arrest of descent and chorioamnionitis to a 34-year-old G2P1 mother. The infant had 1- and 5-minute APGAR scores of 9 and 9, weighed 3.625 kg (54th %ile), and had a head circumference of 34.5 cm (30th %ile). Following a challenging delivery of the head during C/s, the infant was noted to have left-sided parietal and occipital bogginess, and an ultrasound was ordered due to concern for subgaleal hematoma. PEDIATRIC HEAD ULTRASOUND: SUBGALEAL HEMATOMA Superficial pediatric head ultrasound showing moderately echogenic fluid collection (green arrow), superficial to the periosteum (blue arrow), crossing the sagittal suture (red arrow). Findings on U/S consistent with large parieto-occipital subgaleal hematoma. PEDIATRIC HEAD ULTRASOUND: SUBGALEAL HEMATOMA Superficial pediatric head ultrasound showing moderately echogenic fluid collection (green arrow), consistent with large parieto-occipital subgaleal hematoma. CLINICAL FOLLOW UP - Subgaleal hematoma was confirmed on ultrasound and the infant was transferred from the newborn nursery to the NICU for close monitoring, including hourly head circumferences and repeat hematocrit measurements - Serial head circumferences remained stable around 34 cm and hematocrit remained stable between 39 and 41 throughout hospital course - The infant was subsequently treated with phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia, thought to be secondary to resorption of the SGH IN A NUTSHELL: -
1- Assessing Pain
Foundations of Assessing and Treating Pain Assessing Pain Table of Contents Assessing Pain........................................................................................................................................2 Goal:..............................................................................................................................................2 After completing this module, participants will be able to:..............................................................2 Professional Practice Gaps............................................................................................................2 Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 2 Assessment and Diagnosis of Pain Case: Ms. Ward..........................................................................3 Confidentiality..........................................................................................................................................4 Pain History: A Standardized Approach..................................................................................................4 Evaluating Pain Using PQRSTU: Steps P, Q, R, S T, and U..............................................................5 Ms. Ward's Pain History (P, Q, R, S, T, U)..........................................................................................6 Video: Assessing Pain Systematically with PQRTSTU Acronym........................................................8 -
Swollen Scalp (Caput Succedaneum and Cephalohematoma) N
n Swollen Scalp (Caput Succedaneum and Cephalohematoma) n What are some possible Some babies are born with swelling or a large bump on the scalp. Caput succedaneum is complications of swollen sculp? swelling under the skin of the scalp, while cepha- With caput succedaneum, complications are rare. lohematoma results from bleeding under the With cephalohematoma, complications occur occasion- scalp. Both conditions are related to pressure on ally: the baby’s head during birth. They are usually harmless. Skull fracture may occur. These fractures usually heal without problems. If the collection of blood is large, it may result in anemia (low hemoglobin). What are caput succedaneum and Large cephalohematomas may result in jaundice. This is cephalohematoma, and what do a yellow color of the skin caused by excess bilirubin, a they look like? substance produced by breakdown of blood as the cepha- lohematoma is resolving. Caput succedaneum. More serious complications, such as bleeding into the Swelling (edema) of the scalp. The swelling is caused by brain or injury to the brain from skull fracture, occur only pressure on the head during delivery. Sometimes there is rarely. bruising, but the swelling is not from blood in the scalp. Occasionally, calcium deposits develop in the area of the There may be swelling and bruising of the face, if your cephalohematoma. This may leave a hard bump that lasts baby was born face first. for several months. Swelling goes down after a few days. When it does, you may notice “molding,” a pointed appearance of your baby’s head that wasn’t obvious before. -
Newborn Reflexes
O C T O B E R 2 0 1 9 NEWBORN REFLEXES MORO Reflex: also known as the embracing or startle reflex. Moro reflex is mediated by the brain stem and becomes apparent at approximately 25 to 26 weeks' gestational age. It is an involuntary motor response meant to protect the infant from sudden changes in body displacements.In normal infants, the response is symmetrical and disappears by 3 to 4 months. The Moro reflex consists predominantly of abduction and extension of the arms with hands open, and the thumb and index finger semiflexed to form a “C”. Leg movements may occur, but they are not as uniform as the arm movements. With return of the arms toward the body, the infant either relaxes or cries. Absence of the reflex may indicate: intracranial lesions asymmetrical response may indicate birth injury involving the brachial plexus, clavicle, or humerus abnormal persistence of embrace gesture may indicate hypertonicity persistence of entire Moro reflex after 4 months may indicate delay in neurologic maturation. ROOTING Reflex: Indicates normal maturity and intact trigeminal nerve. When cheek is stroked, infant turns toward stroking and opens the lips to suck (if not fed recently). This reflex helps the newborn baby find food; when the mother hold the child and allows her breast to brush the newborns cheek, the reflex makes the baby turn toward the breast. The rooting reflex disappears around the sixth week of life. SUCKING Reflex: Indicates normal maturity and intact hypoglossal nerve. Offer non-latex gloved finger or nipple to test; Newborns suck even when sleeping (non-nutritive sucking) and it can have a quieting effect on the baby; This reflex doesn't start until about the 32nd week of pregnancy and is not fully developed until about 36 weeks.