ANNUAL REPORT 2018

ANNUAL REPORT 2018 1 ANNUAL REPORT 2018

Vision, Aims 2 Article: Tiny Coral Paradise in the Reckons 37 with Climate Change Mission 3 National Priority Case Study: Impacts of Climate Change on Overview 3 World Heritage Coral Reefs 38

Director’s Report 4 Article: Bay: A World Heritage Site at Catastrophic Risk 40

2018 Research Impact and Engagement 6 Graduate and Early Career Training 43

Centre Expertise Contributes to Latest IPCC Report Calling for 8 Graduate Profile: Claire Ross 51 Swift Response to Climate Change Digital Data: Managed, Connected, Discoverable, Reusable 52 Global Recognition of Coral Reef Scientist 9 National and International Linkages 54 Recognition of Excellence of Centre Researchers 10 Communication, Media and Public Outreach 59 CONTENTS Centre Researchers Recognised in Young Tall Poppy Awards 11 Governance 64 Research Program 1: People and Ecosystems 12 Honorary Doctorate Punctuates an Extraordinary Career 67 Research Profile: Michele Barnes 18 Membership 68 Article: The Majority of People Who See Poaching in Marine Parks 20 Say Nothing Publications 71

Research Program 2: Ecosystem Dynamics: Past, Present and Future 22 2019 Activity Plan 84

Research Profile: Nils Krueck 28 Financial Statement 85

Article: Jurassic-Era Piranha is World’s Earliest Flesh-Eating 29 Financial Outlook 86

Research Program 3: Responding to a Changing World 30 Key Performance Indicators 87

Research Profile: Malcolm McCulloch 36 Acknowledgements 89

At the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies we acknowledge the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of this nation. We acknowledge the Traditional Owners of the lands and sea where we conduct our business. We pay our respects to ancestors and Elders, past, present and future. The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies is committed to honouring Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ COVER PHOTO NICK EVENSEN unique cultural and spiritual relationships to the land, waters and seas and their rich contribution to society. THIS PHOTO CHRISTOPHER BRUNNER

2 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 1 PHOTO CHRISTOPHER BRUNNER

VISION MISSION

Scientific knowledge that fosters sustainable use, adaptive governance and effective management of To lead the global research effort in the provision of scientific knowledge necessary for sustaining the world’s coral reefs to enhance human wellbeing. the ecosystem goods and services of the world’s coral reefs during a period of unprecedented environmental change.

AIMS OVERVIEW

The aims of the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies are: The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies commenced operations in 2014 following the award of $28 million from the Australian Research Council to fund the Centre for seven years. 1. Research Headquartered at James Cook University (JCU), the Centre’s additional nodes are The Australian Produce research that is world-best, innovative, collaborative, multi-disciplinary and highly National University (ANU), The University of Queensland (UQ) and The University of Western relevant to coral reef management, adaptive governance and policy development. (UWA). Our national and international partner institutions are the Australian Institute of 2. Research Training and Professional Education Marine Science (AIMS), the Center for Ocean Solutions at Stanford University (COS, USA), Centre Build human capacity and expertise in coral reef science worldwide. National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), the Great Barrier Reef Authority (GBRMPA), the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN, Switzerland) and WorldFish 3. National and International Linkages (Malaysia). In 2018, the Centre has collaborative links and co-authorships with 440 institutions in 79 Create a global hub for integrated coral reef research collaborations. countries.

4. Impacts and end-user engagement The major objective of the Centre is to achieve a better understanding of the science, both social Exchange and transfer knowledge, technologies and research outcomes with end-users and and natural, that underpins the dynamic changes currently occurring in coral reefs worldwide. Our partners. research is both multifaceted and transdisciplinary. Improving the governance and management of natural systems and enhancing the capacity to sustain both human and natural capital is an 5. Governance overarching goal of our research. Continuously evolve Centre management to ensure it is co-operative, multi-institutional and communicative.

2 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 3 Welcome to the 2018 annual report of the Australian Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste, continuously expanding international collaborative Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Indonesia, Brazil, French Polynesia, Micronesia, Saudi network. Eight Centre researchers, were identified as Reef Studies. Arabia, Kenya, the Maldives, the Seychelles, Mexico, 2018 Highly Cited Researchers by Clarivate Analytics, and the Caribbean. Centre researchers provided each ranking in the top 1% of researchers worldwide A highlight this year is a series of studies we published hundreds of government and industry briefings, for their citations (p10). this year in Nature, Science, and Nature Climate capacity-building workshops and consultancies Change, which has brought the impact of climate to governments, management agencies, non- In 2018, the Centre’s membership comprised 73 Chief change on coral reefs to the forefront of the public government organisations (NGOs), industry groups Investigators, Research Fellows and Associates; 29 consciousness. At a global scale, the Centre’s research and businesses. The impact and scale of these Partner Investigators, resident international scholars in 2018 demonstrates that the frequency of global activities is global, with Centre researchers informing and adjunct researchers; and 176 research students mass bleaching of corals due to anthropogenic climate policy and practice around the world (p6). change has increased nearly five-fold since 1980. On (p43). Students and early career researchers are DIRECTOR’S the Great Barrier Reef, back-to-back mass bleaching in The Centre’s three research Program summaries essential contributors to the Centre’s activities and REPORT 2016 and 2017 has transformed the Great Barrier Reef, on pp12–37 provide an overview of our activities outputs. In 2018, we recruited 12 new Research killing approximately half the region’s shallow-water live throughout the year. We implemented a new policy Fellows and Associates. Centre researchers this year coral, triggering a profound shift in the composition of to further promote the discovery and dissemination were once again recognised internationally and in survivors. of our digital research outputs in 2018. We added Australia for the excellence of their achievements more than 40 items to our online data repositories (p10), and the Centre continued its commitment to Our research in 2018 also shows that the loss of reef- in 2018, including unique and timely datasets on promoting gender equity in research leadership and building coral species has profound consequences for thermal exposure, coral bleaching and mortality. recruitment of new members. the rest of the reef ecosystem, reducing biodiversity and ARC Centre members also shared digital data and affecting many non-coral species such as commercially metadata via online repositories and databases, data I’d like to express my sincere gratitude to our many important . Our focus in recent months has been journals and journal repositories (p52). friends around the world for their contributions to the recoverability of the Great Barrier Reef, in the face an outstanding year, and to the Centre’s Advisory of depleted brood stocks of corals, and altered stock- The Centre’s researchers produced a record breaking Board, our research partners and end-users from recruitment relationships. This information will be 383 publications in 2018, comprising 354 journal many institutions in Australia and overseas. I am vital for the responses of agencies and governments articles, 2 books, 18 book chapters, and 9 reports responsible for reef management, for the industries (p71). More than one third of these articles were especially grateful to our Chief Operations Officer, that depend on coral reefs, and for assessing the World published in journals with an Impact Factor greater Jennifer Lappin, Assistant Director, Alana Grech and Heritage values of the Reef. than 4 and 33 articles appeared in prestige journals our talented multi-nodal operations team. such as Nature, Science and Trends in Ecology and During the year, the Centre has undertaken fieldwork Evolution. Our co-authors this year come from 440 Terry Hughes in 28 tropical countries, particularly in Australia, institutions in 79 countries, reflecting the Centre’s Director

PHOTO CHRISTOPHER BRUNNER

4 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 5 2018 effectiveness International impact RESEARCH IMPACT AND ENGAGEMENT Garry Russ and Rene Abesamis provided multiple briefings to communities and local Senator Sheldon Whitehouse government officials on the outcomes of their long-term marine reserve research (Democrat, Rhode Island) conducted across the Philippines. presented a 15 minute address to the United States Congress Coral Triangle Initiative on the impact of climate change Peter Mumby presented a forum on methods for rebuilding fisheries to Ministers of on the Great Barrier Reef. His Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste, and Papua New Guinea presentation utilised multiple International Year of the Reef at a Coral Triangle Initiative meeting in Manila. graphics, quotes and data from HRH The Prince of Wales officially opened the International research papers produced by Year of the Reef in London with a highly publicised speech ARC Centre researchers. that referenced two of the ARC Centre’s research papers, both published in the journal Science in January 2018.

Torres Strait water quality Jon Brodie provided multiple briefings to the Torres Strait Regional Authority and Torres Strait community on his research on ecosystem threats caused by pollution from the Fly River, Papua New Guinea.

Coral Sea Monitoring Program Morgan Pratchett, Andrew Hoey and Hugo Harrison led a team of researchers and government representatives on expeditions to the Coral Sea as part of a multi-year coral monitoring program, commissioned by the Australian Wildlife documentary Director of National Parks (p55). The program was Jodie Rummer’s research in Capacity building with partners instigated after reports from ARC Centre French Polynesia was the Joshua Cinner presented a two-day workshop for researchers showed unprecedented central focus of a full-length researchers at WorldFish headquarters, Penang bleaching in the Coral Sea during 2016. documentary, Introducing on how to structure manuscripts, navigate the PHYSIOSHARK: Baby and peer review process and build a portfolio of Climate Change. The film was publications. WorldFish produced a series of aired at the New York City Wildlife Wastewater and coral reefs training videos from the workshops and made Conservation Film Festival and Jon Brodie delivered a briefing them available to the public via YouTube. Barbados Film Festival. in Kuwait, on wastewater management for coral reefs, Socioeconomic impacts of conservation to the Regional Organisation Georgina Gurney was an invited expert at a for the Protection of the workshop held by the Wildlife Conservation Marine Environment Society on identifying and understanding the (ROPME). The briefing was socioeconomic impacts of conservation. The Recreational fishing compliance based on the findings of his workshop involved conservation practitioners and The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority conducted a media report, commissioned by the scientists associated with coral reef management campaign to reduce illegal fishing. The campaign was motivated by United Nations Environment in five countries across the Indo-Pacific. the research of PhD Student Brock Bergseth who found that nearly Programme (UNEP). one third of fishers surveyed from the Great Barrier Reef witnessed poaching, but most did nothing about it (p20). Outlook Report Science Consensus Workshop Eight ARC Centre researchers participated in a 4-day scientific consensus workshop to inform the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority’s Outlook Report 2019. The Outlook Report, published every five years, is an assessment of the status of the Great Barrier Reef International environmental policy Spatial planning to support reef fisheries FameLab Multi-objective planning in designed to inform government policy. Ove Hoegh-Gulberg was a participant Nils Krueck (p28) and Peter Mumby led a PhD student Taryn northern Australia Climate change briefing to at the Intergovernmental Panel on capacity building workshop with 35 key Laubenstein was a Jorge Álvarez-Romero led two Parliament Reef monitoring by tourism industry Climate Change (IPCC) 1.5 Impact partners to share knowledge and expertise national finalist in the workshops on scenario-planning Tiffany Morrison, Terry Hughes, Ove Morgan Pratchett and Tom Bridge provided advice to Great Barrier Meeting held in Botswana, where he on spatial planning and marine reserves to FameLab competition for in the Fitzroy River Catchment, Hoegh-Guldberg and Graeme Cumming Reef tourism operators about the viability of undertaking some instructed members on the impacts of support reef fisheries and biodiversity. her ‘tail’ of two fishes attended by 40 people from 32 briefed Australian parliamentarians on simple monitoring on the reef, during a two-day forum in Cairns global warming and climate change on dealing with climate organisations. The workshops climate change and the Great Barrier convened by Tourism Tropical NQ. the world’s coral reefs. change. FameLab is a live developed scenarios describing Reef, following the release of the 2018 science communication possible and contrasting futures IPCC Report in South Korea. Members Indigenous capacity building competition that aims for the development of the of Parliament attending included the ARC Centre graduate students participated in the Aboriginals to discover charismatic region. Shadow Minister for Climate Change and Torres Strait Islanders in Marine Science (ATSIMS) program, early career scientists and Energy, the Honourable Mark Butler sponsored by the ARC Centre. The program builds connections who can inspire people to MP, the Shadow Minister for Innovation, between traditional knowledge and coral reef researchers by see the world from new Industry, Science and Research, engaging Indigenous high school students in exciting field-based perspectives. Senator the Honourable Kim Carr, programs and inspiring them to pursue tertiary education and and Queensland Senator and Deputy careers in marine science. Leader of the Greens Party, Senator the Honourable Larissa Waters.

6 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 7 WORLD IPCC RESEARCH LEADER

PHOTO PASCALE DIGEAUX

PHOTO TOM GABRIEL JOHANSEN Global recognition of coral reef scientist

Centre expertise contributes to latest IPCC report ARC Centre Director, Terry Hughes is recognised Also in November, Terry was awarded the AG calling for swift response to climate change globally for his research on coral reefs. His innovative Huntsman Medal in recognition of his innovative work has been cited more than 50,000 times and he is science for sustainable management of coral reef a recognised authority, being sought after and quoted biodiversity. The award was established by the Bedford in prestigious international media outlets such as The Institute of Oceanography in 1980 and is presented by In 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on The report’s conclusions are based on more New York Times, The Guardian, The Washington Post and the Royal Society of Canada to a marine scientist of any Climate Change (IPCC) released its latest than 6,000 citations, including the recent high BBC News. nationality who has made ’a significant influence on special report concluding that “coral reefs impact research on the back-to-back mass the course of marine scientific thought‘. would decline by 70-90 percent with global bleaching event on Great Barrier Reef led by His commitment to better understanding coral reef warming of 1.5°C, whereas virtually all (> 99 Centre Director, Terry Hughes. ecosystems and his tireless drive to communicate the The year ended on a remarkable note for Terry. He percent) would be lost with 2°C”. importance of coral reefs to the general public was was recognised as one of the world’s most influential The scientific expertise of both Ove and Terry recognised with multiple awards in 2018. scientists through Clarivate Analytics’ annual list of Deputy Director of the ARC Centre, Ove Hoegh- was highly sought after following the release of ‘Highly Cited Researchers’. In December, two peer- Guldberg, was one of fourteen coordinating the report. Terry spoke with Carbon Brief about In June, HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco presented Terry reviewed papers (published in Nature and Science) led lead authors involved in the preparation of the his views of the report’s key findings, stating, with the 2018 Climate Change Award at a prestigious by Terry were named as articles that captured the ceremony held at the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco. report. “I think we will have a Great Barrier Reef in 50 public imagination in the 2018 Altmetric Top 100 list of The award recognises his contribution to advancing or 100 years’ time if we can control extreme most-mentioned scholarly articles, securing the 9th and In a media statement Ove stated, “a key finding understanding of the influence of rapid climate change climate change. But the Reef is changing. 28th position on the list. The same two papers made of the report is that 1.5°C is not a safe level of on the world’s coral reefs. It’s gone from one system 30 years ago to a Carbon Brief’s list of ‘Top 10 climate papers’ most global warming; however it is much safer than different system today and it will continue those In November, at a ceremony in London co-hosted by featured in the media in 2018: 2.0 °C. We are still going to see many challenges sorts of changes.” at 1.5°C”. the leading international scientific journal Nature, Terry Hughes, TP, Anderson, KD, Connolly, SR, Heron, SF, Kerry, JT, Lough, A video abstract of the IPCC report featuring was one of two recipients of the John Maddox Prize. JM, Baird, AH, Baum, JK, Berumen, ML, Bridge, TC, Claar, DC, Eakin, The researchers warn that failure to curb CM, Gilmour, JP, Graham, NAJ, Harrison, H, Hobbs, J-PA, Hoey, AS, ARC Centre research produced by the The award recognises individuals who demonstrate Hoogenboom, M, Lowe, RJ, McCulloch, MT, Pandolfi, JM, Pratchett, climate change, causing global temperatures Australian Academy of Science generated commitment to public discussion about scientific M, Schoepf, V, Torda, G and Wilson, SK (2018). Spatial and temporal to rise far above 2°C, will radically alter tropical patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene. Science significant engagement and a viewership of over research in the face of scrutiny and adversity. Terry 359(6371): 80-83. reef ecosystems and undermine the benefits 100,000. received the award in recognition of his efforts to Hughes, TP, Kerry, JT, Baird, AH, Connolly, SR, Dietzel, A, Eakin, CM, they provide to hundreds of millions of people, expose the extent of coral reef damage caused by Heron, SF, Hoey, AS, Hoogenboom, MO, Liu, G, McWilliam, MJ, Pears, mostly in poor, rapidly-developing countries. RJ, Pratchett, MS, Skirving, WJ, Stella, JS and Torda, G (2018). Global climate change, despite hostility and criticism from warming transforms coral reef assemblages. Nature 556(7702): climate sceptics. 492-496.

8 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 9 YOUNG RECOGNITION TALL POPPY

Recognition of Excellence of Centre Researchers

Highlights of the 43 awards ARC Centre researchers received in 2018:

Eight ARC Centre researchers, Joshua Cinner, Ove Knowledge and Technology by the Director-General Hoegh-Guldberg, Terry Hughes, Geoffrey Jones, of UNESCO. Ove was also named a member of the PHOTO JUDIT LOSH Peter Mumby, Philip Munday, Morgan Pratchett International Scientific Advisory Board of the Leibniz and Bob Pressey, were identified as 2018Highly Center for Tropical Marine Ecology. Cited Researchers by Clarivate Analytics, each Andrew Hoey was awarded the James Cook ranking in the top 1% of researchers worldwide for Centre researchers recognised University Primary Advisor of the Year for excellence their citations. in the supervision of research degree candidates. in Young Tall Poppy awards David Bellwood was honoured with the Australian Andrew was also recognised as a Fellow of the Marine Sciences Association’s 2018 Jubilee Award for International Coral Reef Society (ICRS). The award Three of the ARC Centre’s early career researchers Also among the group of exceptional researchers his outstanding contribution to marine research in recognises his commitment and service to ICRS, over received this year’s prestigious Young Tall Poppy were Georgina Gurney, a Research Fellow and Australia throughout his career. a significant period of time. Science Awards, with Assistant Director, Alana Grech, Fulbright Scholar at the ARC Centre’s James Cook Tom Bridge was awarded an ARC Discovery Early Philip Munday was honoured with the Outstanding receiving the 2018 Queensland Young Tall Poppy University node, and Verena Schoepf, a Program Career Researcher Award. Career Achievement in Research Supervision Scientist of the Year award. Leader and Research Fellow at the University of award by James Cook University. Philip and Jennifer node. Both received Young Joshua Cinner was elected a Fellow of the Academy The annual Young Tall Poppy Science Awards are run Donelson were joint recipients of the James Cook Tall Poppy Science awards (in Queensland and of Social Sciences in Australia, in recognition of his by the Australian Institute of Policy and Science, with University Award for Excellence in Research, for their Western Australia), celebrating their significant exceptional contributions to the academic discipline campaigns held in each of the States and Territories. work on understanding the plastic and adaptive accomplishments. of human geography and to broader society. He The Young Tall Poppy Science Awards are one of capacity of reef fish to respond to climate change. also received the Mid-Career Scientist Award of the Australia’s most prestigious science prizes. Georgina is an environmental social scientist whose Philip also received international recognition as a research focuses on the human dimensions of International Coral Reef Society. Alana’s Queensland Scientist of the Year award Fellow of the International Coral Reef Society (ICRS) environmental governance and management, recognises not only her outstanding research Jennifer Donelson received the 2018 James Cook for his significant service and scientific achievement. specifically relating to coral reefs in the Asia-Pacific University inclusive practice award, for her support of achievements, but also her commitment to science Verena Schoepf was selected to participate in the region. students in minimising the challenges they face when engagement. highly competitive Superstars of STEM program Verena’s research explores how reef-building corals studying with a disability. “My research uses spatial analysis to predict and which aims to smash society’s gender assumptions are affected by climate and environmental change, map changes in coastal wildlife and habitats, with a Georgina Gurney was awarded a prestigious about scientists and increase the public visibility of with a special interest in coral reefs and particular focus on meadows in the Great Fulbright Postdoctoral Fellowship to collaborate women in STEM. ‘super corals’ that are already adapted to naturally with leading researchers and practitioners in Barrier Reef,” said Alana. The ARC Centre’s alumni also received noteworthy extreme environmental conditions. sustainability and environmental governance, at recognition in 2018. Tracy Ainsworth was recognised “The models allow me to predict locations where Harvard University, USA. She also received the Young The Young Tall Poppy Science Awards were created by the Australian Coral Reef Society with award of human activities, such as poor water quality, coastal Science Ambassador Award for scholarly excellence in 1998 to recognise up-and-coming scientists who the Early Career Researcher Medal. Joleah Lamb development and fishing, are potentially damaging from the Australian Academy of Technological combine world-class research with a passionate received the Outstanding Early Career Alumnus the environment, to help inform environmental policy Sciences and Engineering. commitment to communicating science. Award from James Cook University, and Susan and practice to protect the Reef”. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg was appointed a member McIntyre-Tamwoy was honoured with James Cook of the World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific University’s Outstanding Alumni Award.

10 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 11 PHOTO PETE MUMBY

PROFESSOR TERRY HUGHES FAA Professor Terry Hughes is the Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence and co-leader of Research Program 1. He received his PhD in 1984 from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, USA and was a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of California, Santa Barbara, USA, before moving to Australia and James Cook University in 1990. Terry has broad research interests in ecology, marine biology and the social-ecological dynamics of coral reefs. As Centre Director, he provides academic leadership and is responsible for the strategic development of the Centre. Terry was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 2001 in recognition of ’a career which has significantly advanced the world’s store of scientific knowledge’. In 2007, he was awarded the Sherman Eureka Prize for Environmental Research and in 2008, he received the prestigious quadrennial Darwin Medal of the International Society for Reef Studies. From 2008-2010, he was a member of the ARC Advisory Council. Terry has been awarded three Federation/Laureate Fellowships by the ARC, from 2002–2017. In 2014, he was awarded an Einstein Professorship by the Chinese Academy of Science, and in 2016 Terry was recognised by Nature magazine as one of Nature’s 10 – the ‘ten people who mattered this year’. He is a Clarivate Highly Cited Researcher and received multiple awards in 2018 (p9) in recognition of his research and achievements.

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR TIFFANY MORRISON Associate Professor Tiffany Morrison is a political geographer and co-leader of Research Program 1. Tiffany’s research combines human geography, political science and ecology to tackle increasing complexity in environmental governance. Tiffany received her PhD in 2004 from The University of Queensland, supported by a Land and Water Australia scholarship and a visiting fellowship at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. From 2004–2008 she taught in the Master of Public Administration program in the School of Political and International Studies at Flinders University. During that time, she was awarded a visiting Fellowship at the University of Kyoto RESEARCH PROGRAM 1 Disaster Prevention Institute, Japan. In 2008, Tiffany joined the School of Geography, Planning and RP1 PEOPLE AND ECOSYSTEMS Environmental Management at The University of Queensland where she co-led an interdisciplinary team of ecologists, geographers, planners, economists and lawyers working on an ARC Super Science funded program of research on sea level rise. Since joining the ARC Centre in 2015, she has developed and led a major new research program on the governance of climate adaptation and on conflict in large-scale reef systems. Tiffany serves on the Editorial Board of Earth System Governance and her recent studies of the complex governance of tropical ecosystems have been published in Nature, PNAS, Nature Climate Change and Global Environmental Change.

PROFESSOR BOB PRESSEY FAA Professor Bob Pressey is a co-leader of Research Program 1. Bob’s research includes studies of biodiversity, geographic information systems, spatial modelling of species and human activities, software development, explicit frameworks for deciding on the location and timing of conservation investments, and the socio-economic considerations involved in implementing conservation. Prior to moving to James Cook University and the ARC Centre, he was a research scientist for the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service for almost 20 years. During that time, Bob developed and applied leading-edge techniques in conservation planning, influencing policy and conservation practice. He has served on the editorial boards of leading conservation biology journals. Bob was awarded The Royal Botanic Gardens’ Eureka Prize for Biodiversity Research in 2002 and the inaugural Australian Ecology Research Award from the Ecological Society of Australia in 2008. In 2010, he was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science for his contributions to the field of systematic conservation planning. His understanding of conservation applications was recognised in 2012 by his appointment to WWF Australia’s Eminent Scientists Group. He was recognised in 2018 as a Clarivate Highly Cited Researcher in ‘Environment and Ecology’ (p10).

Researchers: Jorge Álvarez-Romero, Neil Andrew, Michele Barnes, David Bellwood, Michael Bode, Jon Brodie, Joshua Cinner, Pip Cohen, Graeme Cumming, Alana Grech, Georgina Gurney, Danika Kleiber, Laurence McCook, David Mills, John Pandolfi, Cristian Rojas, Garry Russ, Andrew Song, Fernanda Terra Stori, Rebecca Weeks.

12 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 13 Research in Program 1 focusses on understanding the with Program 1 researchers on protected area design events on seagrass connectivity in the Great Barrier linkages between coral reef ecosystems, the goods and management. Reef. Rebecca Weeks led a paper with ARC Centre and services they provide to people, and the wellbeing alumnus Vanessa Adams in Conservation Biology, Program 1 produced a record number of major of human societies. The overarching objective is to on research priorities for conservation and natural publications in 2018, including the following examples: improve the governance and management of coral resource management in Oceania’s small–island reefs worldwide, while simultaneously providing •• Joshua Cinner led a major synthesis paper in developing states. theory, insights and lessons for other ecosystems. Key Nature Climate Change, co-authored with Tiffany •• Brock Bergseth, who was awarded his PhD at JCU research questions include how levels of economic Morrison, Terry Hughes, Michele Barnes (p18), in 2018, led a major paper in Nature Sustainability PhD student Jacqui Lau and others. The paper development, social capital, local history and culture with Georgina Gurney, Michele Barnes, Joshua provides guidance for climate change adaptation influence resource use and the dynamics of governance Cinner and colleagues from Costa Rica. They systems. Program 1 places a high value on engagement for governments, development agencies and PHOTO RUBY GRANTHAM provide a pathway for addressing poaching civil society organisations in tropical coastal with local communities, managers and policy makers, in marine protected areas through voluntary communities. Joshua also published an invited government agencies and with non-government surveillance and enforcement (p20). Jessica Spijkers perspective in Science on how behavioural organisations. The conservation planning group led by (a co-tutelle PhD student with Stockholm University science can help conservation, and led a paper Bob Pressey has the broad goal of providing decision- and JCU), Tiffany Morrison and Graeme Cumming in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences makers with more effective means of managing published a paper in Fish and Fisheries that analyses entitled ‘Gravity of human impacts mediates coral species and ecosystems by providing decision-support 31 fisheries conflicts worldwide. They developed a reef conservation gains’ with Michele Barnes, tools, guidelines for using information, and rigorous new, universal typology of conflict intensity to aid Georgina Gurney and colleagues from France, assessments of the adequacy of existing conservation Canada, the UK, USA, Israel, New Caledonia, Puerto understanding and policymaking. measures. Rico, West Indies and Germany (p16). Program 1 researchers convened over a dozen In 2018, the geographic, social and ecological scope •• Graeme Cumming led a major paper in Proceedings RP1 workshops and mentoring activities during the year. of the National Academy of Sciences entitled ‘Linking REPORT of Program 1’s research was very diverse, with major Jorge Álvarez-Romero led a workshop in Australia on projects in northern, eastern and western Australia, and economic growth pathways and environmental the integration of human values into natural resource in Brazil, the Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Fiji, Indonesia, sustainability by understanding development as planning. Tiffany Morrison led a workshop in France Kenya, Micronesia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, the alternate social–ecological regimes’, and another on governance of coral reefs in the Anthropocene Philippines, the Solomon Islands, Tonga and the USA. important sole-authored review in Conservation with colleagues from Australia, the UK, the USA and For example, Georgina Gurney was awarded a $200K Letters entitled ‘A review of social dilemmas the Netherlands. Georgina Gurney co-led a workshop SNAPP (Science for Nature and People Partnership) and social–ecological traps in conservation and on place attachment and ecological change on the grant to lead four workshops over two years at the US natural resource management’. Andrew Song, Great Barrier Reef in Rome, Italy. Joshua Cinner National Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis along with Tiffany Morrison and their Norwegian ran a capacity-building workshop at WorldFish (NCEAS), in Santa Barbara. The focus of the project colleagues, also led a novel conceptual paper in headquarters in Penang, on writing and publishing. PHOTO RUBY GRANTHAM is understanding the trade-offs and co-benefits in Fish and Fisheries on developing a clearer and more An 11 part video of the workshop is now posted on the multiple outcomes of marine management and pragmatic understanding of fisheries governance. the ARC Centre website and on YouTube. Michele conservation. •• Jorge Álvarez-Romero, with Georgina Gurney, Bob Pressey and colleagues from the UK, USA, Barnes hosted a 5-day workshop at JCU exploring the Fisheries and gender specialist Danika Kleiber joined Canada and Brazil, lead a major paper in Biological topic of adaptation and cooperation in the context of the ARC Centre in 2018 as a joint research fellow with Conservation entitled ‘Research advances and gaps territorial use rights for fisheries. Graeme Cumming WorldFish. Two visiting researchers, Seth Sykora-Bodie in marine planning: towards a global database led a National Socio-Environmental Synthesis (Endeavour Fellowship) and Fernanda Terra Stori in systematic conservation planning’ (p17). Jorge Center (SESYNC) working group in Maryland, USA (São Paulo Research Foundation Scholarship), each was also lead author of a timely paper in Global on quantitative synthesis and modelling of social- conducted 6-month exchanges at the ARC Centre with Change Biology on designing connected marine ecological dynamics. Many Program 1 researchers Bob Pressey. Research Fellow Rebecca Weeks moved reserves in the face of global warming. Alana also contributed popular articles to The Conversation from the ARC Centre headquarters in Townsville to Grech led a paper in Global Change Biology that in 2018, including Michele Barnes, Jon Brodie, Joshua Western Australia, where she continues to collaborate measured the impact of cumulative disturbance Cinner, Georgina Gurney and Alana Grech (p61).

14 PHOTO RUBY GRANTHAM ANNUAL REPORT 2018 15 MEDIA RELEASE 19 JUNE

Marine reserves are vital – but under pressure

A massive study of nearly 1800 tropical coral reefs than 30% of their surveys conducted all across the around the world has found that marine reserves globe, and very rarely in locations where human near heavily populated areas struggle to do their pressures were high. job – but are a vast improvement over having no Dr Michele Barnes from the ARC Centre said protection at all. that in many places, social, economic, and cultural Professor Joshua Cinner from the ARC Centre of realities mean that marine reserves that entirely Excellence for Coral Reef Studies led a team of 37 prohibit fishing are not an option. PHOTO REBECCA WEEKS MEDIA scientists examining the effectiveness of different “So, we also looked at how effective other forms of RELEASE 12 SEPT reef conservation strategies. reef conservation were, such as restricting the types “Fish stocks were extremely depleted on reefs of fishing gear that people use. Our results were that were accessible to large human populations. promising – these restrictions certainly had better Compared to marine reserves far from these human outcomes than doing nothing, but not as good as pressures, reserves near high human pressure had marine reserves. They were a sort of compromise,” New database to better guide global conservation efforts only a quarter of the fish and were a hundred times she said. less likely to have top predators such as sharks,” said Professor Cinner said the study makes clear the Professor Cinner. benefits and limitations of implementing key coral The scientists also studied how differences in reef conservation strategies in different types of James Cook University researchers say a new and detail in documentation of the studies limits ecological conditions between marine reserves, locations. “Our research shows where managers will global database will lead to better marine parks by opportunities to develop and apply best-practice where fishing is prohibited, and places open to be able to maximise certain goals, such as sustaining helping to bridge critical gaps in marine conservation principles,” said Professor Pressey. fishing changed as human pressures increased. “This top predators or improving the biomass of key planning. Dr Morena Mills, conservation scientist at Imperial tells you where you can get the biggest impact from fisheries species, and likewise, where they will be Dr Jorge Álvarez-Romero from the ARC Centre College London and co-leader of The Conservation implementing conservation,” said Professor Cinner. wasting their time,” he said. of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Planning Database project, said a global database to “A really novel and exciting part of our study found Cook University led a study that looked at marine track development, implementation and impact of that the greatest difference in fish biomass between Cinner, JE, Maire, E, Huchery, C, Aaron MacNeil, M, Graham, NAJ, conservation planning worldwide. conservation planning is urgently needed, along with marine reserves and places open to fishing was in Mora, C, McClanahan, TR, Barnes, ML, Kittinger, JN, Hicks, CC, “For this study, we developed a database to a closer analysis of the literature, and continuous D’Agata, S, Hoey, AS, Gurney, GG, Feary, DA, Williams, ID, Kulbicki, locations with medium to high human pressure. document conservation planning and analysed all and comprehensive documentation of conservation This means that, for most fisheries species, marine M, Vigliola, L, Wantiez, L, Edgar, GJ, Stuart-Smith, RD, Sandin, SA, Green, A, Hardt, MJ, Beger, M, Friedlander, AM, Wilson, SK, marine studies available in the scientific literature. It planning exercises. reserves have the biggest bang where human Brokovich, E, Brooks, AJ, Cruz-Motta, JJ, Booth, DJ, Chabanet, P, clearly shows deficiencies in the present system,” he “The new database is a move towards a centralised pressures are medium to high,” he said. Gough, C, Tupper, M, Ferse, SCA, Rashid Sumaila, U, Pardede, S said. repository of information of planning exercises and “However, top predators such as sharks were a and Mouillot, D (2018). Gravity of human impacts mediates coral reef conservation gains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Dr Álvarez-Romero said systematic conservation can advance conservation theory and practice,” she different kettle of fish,” said co-author Dr Aaron Sciences of the United States of America 115(27): E6116-E6125. planning studies, used to determine which areas said. MacNeil from Dalhousie University. Media highlight: UPI.com - Marine reserves are essential, but would be most useful in conserving marine Professor Heather Leslie, an international leader The scientists encountered top predators on less increasingly stressed, 19 June 2018 biodiversity, are growing very quickly. in marine conservation science and Director of “Despite this, there is no structured or reliable the University of Maine’s Darling Marine Center, PHOTO NICK GRAHAM way of finding information on methods, trends said “With this database in hand, donors and non- and progress. There is little evidence of input from government organisations can identify regions and stakeholders. There are important gaps in geographic topical areas needing further work, and scientists, coverage and not enough work done on the areas practitioners and policy-makers can learn from most threatened,” he said. previous plans”. “We know the number and total extent of protected “In addition, it gives the scientific community – areas will increase significantly during the next few including peer reviewers – a means of assessing decades. The challenge is making this expansion trends in conservation planning methods and count in terms of biodiversity conservation,” he said. applications, so that we can learn from our previous Distinguished Professor Bob Pressey, Chief work and shape our new work accordingly,” she said. Investigator at the ARC Centre and co-leader of the

study, said researchers from five countries led most Álvarez-Romero, JG, Mills, M, Adams, VM, Gurney, GG, Pressey, studies, with Australia forging the way in global RL, Weeks, R, Ban, NC, Cheok, J, Davies, TE, Day, JC, Hamel, MA, marine conservation planning. Leslie, HM, Magris, RA and Storlie, CJ (2018). Research advances “Australian organisations have contributed and gaps in marine planning: towards a global database in systematic conservation planning. Biological Conservation. 227: significantly to developing methods and tools that are 369-382. widely used in conservation planning,” he said. Media highlight: ECO Magazine The Conservation Planning “Despite these advances, the varying quality Database, J Álverez-Romero, Nov/Dec 2018

16 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 17 PHOTO NICK EVENSEN

Michele Barnes “As reported in Science magazine in January, the interval between (coral) Michele Barnes is a Senior Research Fellow in the People and Ecosystems bleaching events is now six years, whereas it had been 30 years in Program (Program 1), based at the James Cook University node of the ARC Centre. Her research draws on social network science to explore how the 1980s: and, if the “cool” La Niña events are now warmer than the complex interactions between people and reefs effect sustainable outcomes. “warm” El Niño’s were at that time, then the absolutely vital period of Michele recalls that “for as long as I can remember, I have been absolutely fascinated by two things: people and the oceans”. Michele is a descendant regeneration which the cool cycle provided may now not be available.” of the Costanoan Rumsen Carmel Tribe, the First Nation people of Monterey Bay, California, USA. She grew up poking around tidal pools and exploring her HRH THE PRINCE OF WALES, LONDON, 14TH FEBRUARY 2018 (p59) RESEARCHER ancestral coastal lands, sparking her passion for the oceans at an early age. PROFILE Michele undertook her PhD at the University of Hawai’i, USA. Supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Centre, her doctoral research integrated social network science, ecological modeling and economics to provide a novel examination of how and why social networks matter for achieving social, economic and ecological sustainability in marine fisheries. Michele produced ground-breaking evidence that fishers’ social networks were associated with behaviours that directly impact ecosystems. She received invitations to present her research at Princeton University, and to join a working group at Stanford University’s Centre for Ocean Solutions on adaptive approaches to marine resource governance. Completed in just under three years, Michele’s thesis provided a rigorous case for the need to understand and manage the broader social context of environmental problems, rather than solely their biophysical context. Her thesis received both local and international recognition, and resulted in publications in leading journals, including Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Michele believes her career greatly benefited from interdisciplinary PhD training and her affiliation with NOAA, “which gave me direct exposure to the science-policy interface, where experts from both the natural and social sciences worked collaboratively to deliver real-world outcomes”.

Upon completion of her PhD in 2015, Michele was awarded a highly prestigious Social, Behavioural, and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowship from the USA National Science Foundation (NSF), which she undertook as a visiting scholar at the ARC Centre. During her fellowship, she built an independent research program and established new collaborations with leading experts on coral reefs and social-ecological systems. She led an international team of interdisciplinary experts to develop and apply network modelling frameworks to capture key linkages, resulting in publications in Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Ecology & Society, and the International Journal of the Commons.

Michele transitioned from being a visiting scholar to a Research Fellow in the ARC Centre’s People and Ecosystem Program in 2017. The following year, she was awarded a prestigious ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA). Starting in 2019, her DECRA project will focus on how social networks and power affect adaptive action by people in response to coral bleaching. This project has both a national and international focus, with far-reaching implications for the future of coral reefs and the people who depend on them.

18 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 19 Given the growing concern over the health and future of the Reef, it’s important to enlist fishers in the fight against poachers. Encouragingly, many of the reasons for inaction can be fixed with better education and community outreach efforts. Poaching plagues the world’s marine protected areas, largely due to a lack of enforcement resources. Fishers like the one above may be able to provide much needed surveillance and reporting, but care needs to be taken to ensure they are not put at risk in doing so. For instance, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority already has a hotline that fishers can call to report suspected poaching. But we found fishers regularly said they did not know how or where to report. Promoting the hotline – perhaps by publicising times when it led to a poacher being fined or charged – would serve a double-purpose. It would be more accessible to legitimate fishers, and act as a deterrent. Our past research has found that a perceived low risk of detection acts as a motivation to poach.

The majority of people who Legitimate fishers want to help It’s important to remember the vast majority of all fishers on the Great Barrier Reef do not poach. Almost all fishers think poaching is both socially and personally see poaching in marine parks unacceptable. But previous research suggests poachers do tend to overestimate how common say nothing poaching is. This is called “false consensus effect” in psychology, and helps poachers to justify their poaching behaviours because they believe “everyone else By Brock Bergseth, Georgina Gurney and Joshua Cinner does it”. By promoting understanding of anti-poaching rules, and actively enlisting fishers as environmental stewards, we can reduce the (false) idea that poaching is common, justifiable and harmless. What would you do if you saw someone breaking the law? Would you Defending environmental rights can be a risky business and can expose fishers report the offender to the police? Confront them? Or would you do nothing? to potentially harmful retaliation by poachers; we certainly don’t suggest fishers We recently asked more than 2,000 fishers in seven countries what they take the law into their own hands if they witness poaching. would do if they saw a poacher in a protected marine area. But there are many non-risky ways for fishers to report poaching, such as Poaching – the illegal harvest of animals – plagues many of the world’s hotlines in the case of the Great Barrier Reef. Promoting these avenues can help marine protected areas. Illegal fishing undermines marine parks, and can address the enforcement shortfall that is severely limiting the success of marine ARTICLE threaten chronically over-fished species. PHOTO JUSTIN RIZZARI parks around the world. 17 AUG A key problem is the lack of enforcement resources. An increasing number of governments and management agencies are encouraging fishers to help, by understanding marine protection rules and reporting poachers. Yet little is known about how fishers respond when they witness poaching.

If you see something, say…nothing We surveyed more than 2,000 fishers near 55 marine protected areas in Original article: https://theconversation.com/the-majority-of-people-who-see-poaching-in-marine- parks-say-nothing-101456 Kenya, Tanzania, Madagascar, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Costa Rica, and Australia, asking if they had recently seen someone poaching – and if so, what they did. We found nearly half had witnessed poaching in the last 12 months, and the most common response was to do nothing. This was particularly prevalent on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, where nearly 80% of fishers did nothing after observing poaching. In six of the seven countries we surveyed, fishers said their inaction was because they wanted to avoid conflict – a sensible strategy in places such as Costa Rica, where illegal drugs are commonly trafficked on boats from South America to the USA. However, avoiding conflict was rarely the rationale around the Great Barrier Reef. Fishers in the Reef cited three main reasons for inaction: •• uncertainty as to whether it was illegal fishing •• a belief it was not their concern or responsibility •• perceived obstacles to reporting (such as not knowing where or how to report).

20 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO BROCK BERGSETH ANNUAL REPORT 2018 21 PROFESSOR SEAN CONNOLLY Professor Sean Connolly, from James Cook University, is co-leader of Research Program 2. Sean combines mathematical and statistical modelling with fieldwork and laboratory experiments to study the dynamics of biological turnover at all scales, including ecophysiology, population dynamics, species interactions and biodiversity and macroevolution. He received his doctorate in 1999 from Stanford University in California, USA, for research on the ecology of rocky shores. In 1999-2000, he was a Research Fellow at the University of Arizona, USA, where he examined global dynamics of marine biodiversity in the fossil record. In 2000, he was recruited to JCU to develop and lead a research program in ecological modelling applied to coral reefs. Sean has more than 100 publications in leading international journals, including 11 publications in Science or Nature, and he has supervised 41 postgraduate and Honours students. In 2008, he was awarded an ARC Australian Professorial Fellowship (2008-2012), and in 2009, the Fenner Medal of the Australian Academy of Science, which honours outstanding research in the biological sciences by a scientist under 40. Sean has also twice received a national Citation for Outstanding Contributions to Student Learning, in 2006 and 2014, for his innovative and highly effective approaches to teaching ecological modelling to undergraduate students.

PROFESSOR JOHN PANDOLFI Professor John Pandolfi, from the School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, at The University of Queensland, is co-leader of Research Program 2. John is the world’s leading expert on coral reef palaeoecology. He has broad research interests in marine palaeoecology, with emphasis on the effects of anthropogenic impacts and climate change on the recent past history of modern coral reefs. His research on coral reef ecosystems asks fundamental ecological questions that are best answered by acquiring and using long-term data. John has published more than 150 papers, including 22 contributions to Science or Nature. He has served as President of the Australian Coral Reef Society, and Chief Editor of Paleobiology, and now is Associate Editor for Proceedings of the Royal Society B and Global Ecology and Biogeography. He has supervised 18 PhD students. John RESEARCH PROGRAM 2 has provided frequent briefings on coral reef management and policy (e.g. to the US Congress and RP2 ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Australian Senate) and has been invited to serve on numerous international working groups. In 2001, John received the Discovery Magazine Science Story of the Year award. In 2013, he was awarded a prestigious Discovery Outstanding Researcher Award from the ARC (2013-2016). He was recently elected as a Fellow of both the International Society for Reef Studies (2015) and The Paleontological Society (2016).

DR VERENA SCHOEPF Dr Verena Schoepf is a Research Fellow and co-leader of Research Program 2 at The University of Western Australia node of the ARC Centre. Her research investigates how reef-building corals are affected by climate and environmental change. With a strong interdisciplinary background in biological and geological sciences, her research integrates eco-physiological, stable isotope and biogeochemical analyses to provide insights into the mechanisms and traits that enable resistance to multiple climate change stressors and promote the adaptive capacity of corals in a changing ocean. Verena received her PhD in 2013 from The Ohio State University, USA and has since been based at UWA. She has authored over 25 papers in leading international journals, including Nature and Science, and has won various prestigious awards, including a Presidential Fellowship at The Ohio State University and a Young Tall Poppy Science Award in 2018 (p11). Verena is also passionate about science communication and promoting women in STEM. Her discovery of the naturally heat-resistant ‘super-corals’ of the Kimberley region was featured in the 2016 documentary Verena Schoepf – Super Corals as part of the German/French broadcaster ZDF/ARTE television series, Ocean Heroines. In recognition of her efforts to promote an understanding of science and women in STEM, she was recently selected for the prestigious Superstars of STEM program which aims to increase the public visibility of women in STEM and create role models for young women and girls.

Researchers: Kristen Anderson, Andrew Baird, David Bellwood, Pim Bongaerts, Michael Bode, Yves-Marie Bozec, Tom Bridge, Jon Brodie, Severine Choukroun, Peter Cowman, Kay Critchell, Tom DeCarlo, Graeme Cumming, April Hall, Hugo Harrison, Karlo Hock, Andrew Hoey, Terry Hughes, Geoff Jones, Michael Kingsford, Nils Krueck, Ryan Lowe, Vimoksalehi Lukoschek, Robert Mason, Laurence McCook, Mark McCormick, Michael McWilliam, Vanessa Messmer, Peter Mumby, Philip Munday, Stephen Palumbi, Serge Planes, Morgan Pratchett, George Roff, Garry Russ, Eugenia Sampayo, Tim Staples, Greg Torda, Sue-Ann Watson, Kennedy Wolfe.

PHOTO DAVID WILLIAMSON 22 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 23 PHOTO TORY CHASE

Program 2 aims to understand the multi-scale dynamics of the unfolding responses of coral reefs to climate capacity of coral populations and the historical genetics of coral reefs, through the innovative integration change. In two reports in the journal Global Change of exploited species on the Great Barrier Reef. Jon of ecology, evolution, genetics, oceanography and Biology, Sue-Ann Watson, Philip Munday and colleagues Brodie became a Collaborative Researcher at the palaeontology. Program 2 researchers focus particularly revealed how ocean acidification is profoundly Japanese Institute of Environmental Studies, where he in four key research areas. Firstly, Program 2 researchers altering the development and behaviour of fishes is partnering with Japanese scientists to study runoff examine the historical transition from pristine and cephalopods. Similarly, a Nature Climate Change from sugarcane farms in the Ryukus Islands, Japan. ecosystems to the linked social-ecological systems of study co-authored by Andrew Baird and Andrew Hoey Program 2 researchers played key roles organising today, improving knowledge of how the resilience of found coral-eating butterflyfishes become markedly and participating in international collaborations during coral reefs evolves and responds to human impacts. less aggressive in response to coral bleaching, a likely 2018. Sean Connolly and colleagues developed new Secondly, Program 2 aims to increase understanding consequence of the loss of the most nutritional coral insights into multiple environmental stressors in a wide of the dynamics and resilience of ecosystems over types from their diets. Peter Mumby, working with range of ecosystems, at a workshop in Germany. Nils multiple spatial and temporal scales and in response an international team of researchers, reported in Krueck (p28) led workshops in Makassar, Indonesia and to environmental change, and to use those findings Nature that decreases in the capacity of corals to build Tagaytay, Philippines on spatial planning to support to inform and improve the management of coral skeleton, resulting from ocean acidification, would reef fisheries and biodiversity. John Pandolfi joined a reefs. Thirdly, Program 2 examines how populations impair the capacity of reef growth to keep up with network of colleagues, one to develop new insights of organisms living on different reefs are connected climate change-related sea level rise. In the journal into the ecosystem services provided by marine to each other through the dispersal of their offspring, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, John Pandolfi and systems, at Exeter University, UK, and also contributed which promotes understanding of how reefs can recover colleagues highlighted the changes to conservation to a cnidarian synthesis project at the King Abdullah from disturbances such as bleaching events. Fourthly, strategies and priority-setting that are required to University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia. Program 2 researchers study the level of functional respond to these rapidly-changing conditions. diversity and redundancy in coral reef assemblages, Program 2 researchers continued to make important modelling and assessing the effects of changes in In addition to their work on the effects of climate contributions to policy and management at a variety of biodiversity on ecosystem function at regional to change, Program 2 researchers made important levels. Peter Mumby participated in the Coral Triangle RP2 global scales, as well as investigating the effects of contributions in 2018 to our fundamental understanding Initiative’s Senior Officials Meeting in Manila, while REPORT management on the dynamics of reef ecosystems. of the ecology and evolution of reef systems. In Ecology Jon Brodie advised United Nation’s policy makers on Letters, Peter Mumby and colleagues revisited the wastewater pollution and coral reefs. Sean Connolly, In a series of three papers published this year in Nature, classic concept of the ’trophic pyramid’, where primary Alana Grech, Jodie Rummer and PhD student Sam Science, and Nature Climate Change, Terry Hughes and producers, such as plants, are typically more abundant Payet briefed the Governor-General of Australia, colleagues brought the impact of climate change on than predators like lions or wolves. From the perspective His Excellency General the Honourable Sir Peter coral reefs to the forefront of the public consciousness. of reef systems, this pyramid appears to be upside- Cosgrove, on the ARC Centre’s research, including They found that the frequency of global severe mass down, with top predators like sharks being more its role in leading the research effort in the back-to- bleaching has increased nearly five-fold since 1980. abundant than species below them in the food chain. back bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef. In Canberra, On the Great Barrier Reef, this trend has culminated Program 2 researchers also made several advances Terry Hughes, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Tiffany Morrison most recently in unprecedented back-to-back mass in our understanding of evolution in the oceans, PHOTO NICK EVENSEN bleaching in 2016 and 2017. This event has transformed and Graeme Cumming also briefed Australian including Peter Cowman’s work in Nature documenting the Great Barrier Reef, killing approximately half the parliamentarians on the implications of climate change PHOTO CAMILLE GRIMALDI global-scale patterns of speciation in fishes, and David region’s shallow-water live coral, triggering a profound for coral reefs. Bellwood’s article in Ecology Letters on why closely- shift in the composition of survivors, because fast- In addition to briefings, Program 2 researchers were related reef fishes evolve such different colour patterns. growing habitat formers such as staghorn and tabular actively engaged in 2018 in capacity-building. Laurence corals were disproportionately impacted. The loss of This year also saw the development of several new McCook co-led a capacity-building workshop at James reef-building coral species has profound consequences partnerships for Program 2 and the ARC Centre. For Cook University for 15 Australia Award Fellows from for the rest of the reef ecosystem. For example, PhD example, Tom Bridge and Sue-Ann Watson received universities across Indonesia. Tom Bridge, Verena student Laura Richardson, Morgan Pratchett and joint appointments with the Museum of Tropical Schoepf and Terry Hughes led a coral identification Andrew Hoey, along with international partners, Queensland and the ARC Centre, with Tom also holding workshop on Ningaloo Reef for 30 participants in showed in a paper in Global Change Biology, that mass a prestigious Discovery Early Career Researcher Award association with the Australian Coral Reef Society’s coral bleaching dramatically reduces fish biodiversity. (DECRA). Greg Torda and John Pandolfi developed annual conference, and Peter Mumby contributed to Program 2 researchers made numerous other a new partnership between the ARC Centre and the an international training course on the Coral Health important contributions this year to our understanding Beijing Genomics Institute, to study the adaptive Index in Denpasar, Indonesia.

24 ANNUAL REPORT 2018 25 MEDIA RELEASE 19 APRIL

Global warming is transforming the Great Barrier Reef

A new study published in Nature shows that corals experienced severe heat stress and bleaching on the northern Great Barrier Reef experienced a again in 2017, this time affecting the central region catastrophic die-off following the extended marine of the Great Barrier Reef,” said co-author Dr Mark heatwave of 2016. Eakin of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric “When corals bleach from a heatwave, they can Administration. either survive and regain their colour slowly as the “We’re now at a point where we’ve lost close to half temperature drops, or they can die. Averaged across of the corals in shallow-water habitats across the the whole Great Barrier Reef, we lost 30 per cent of northern two-thirds of the Great Barrier Reef due to the corals in the nine month period between March back-to-back bleaching over two consecutive years,” and November 2016,” said Professor Terry Hughes, said Professor Sean Connolly. Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral “But, that still leaves a billion or so corals alive, Reef Studies. and on average, they are tougher than the ones that The scientists mapped the geographical pattern died. We need to focus urgently on protecting the of heat exposure from satellites, and measured glass that’s still half full, by helping these survivors to PHOTO PETER MUMBY MEDIA coral survival along the 2,300-km length of the Great recover,” said Professor Hughes. RELEASE Barrier Reef following the extreme marine heatwave The study is unique because it tests the 19 JULY of 2016. emerging framework for the International Union The amount of coral death they measured was for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of closely linked to the amount of bleaching and level of Ecosystems, which seeks to classify vulnerable heat exposure, with the northern third of the Great ecosystems as ‘safe,’ ‘threatened’ or ‘endangered’. Great Barrier Reef not bouncing back as before, Barrier Reef being the most severely affected. The “The Great Barrier Reef is certainly threatened by study found that 29% of the 3,863 reefs comprising climate change, but it is not doomed if we deal very but there is hope the world’s largest reef system lost two-thirds or quickly with greenhouse gas emissions. Our study more of their corals, transforming the ability of these shows that coral reefs are already shifting radically reefs to sustain full ecological functioning. in response to unprecedented heatwaves,” said “The coral die-off has caused radical changes in the Professor Hughes. The Great Barrier Reef is losing its ability to recover “I believe there is scope for management to help mix of coral species on hundreds of individual reefs, from disturbances, but effective local management remedy the situation,” he said. where mature and diverse reef communities are Hughes, TP, Kerry, JT, Baird, AH, Connolly, SR, Dietzel, A, Eakin, CM, could revive its capacity to bounce back. “Our results indicate that coral recovery is sensitive being transformed into more degraded systems, with Heron, SF, Hoey, AS, Hoogenboom, MO, Liu, G, McWilliam, MJ, Scientists at The University of Queensland, ARC to water quality, and is suppressed for several years just a few tough species remaining”, said co-author Pears, R, Pratchett, MS, Skirving, WJ, Stella, JS and Torda, G (2018) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reefs Studies and the following powerful cyclones.” Global warming transforms coral reef assemblages. Nature. 556: Professor Andrew Baird. 492 – 496. Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) have “Some reefs could improve their recovery ability if “As part of a global heat and coral bleaching Media highlight: Scientific American – Recent ocean heat waves found a decline in the ability of Great Barrier Reef the quality of the water entering the reef is actively event spanning 2014-2017, the Great Barrier Reef have “forever” altered Great Barrier Reef, 19 April 2018 Marine Park reefs to recover after bleaching events, improved.” outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish or cyclones Study co-author Dr Nicholas Wolff, from The Nature over an 18-year period, from 1992 to 2010, even Conservancy, said that some areas of the Reef are PHOTO MIA HOOGENBOOM before the recent back-to-back bleaching in 2016 and faring better than others, but their overall finding was 2017. that action needs to be taken. Dr Juan-Carlos Ortiz, lead author from the “While there was variability among regions, the Australian Institute of Marine Science, said that decline in recovery rate was consistent in all coral during this time, average coral recovery rates showed types included in the study,” he said. a six-fold decline across the Great Barrier Reef. Dr Ortiz said that the frequency of acute “This is the first time a decline in recovery rate of disturbances was predicted to increase, making this magnitude has been identified in coral reefs,” he careful management key. said. “The future of the Great Barrier Reef is threatened The decline is driven by a combination of the legacy without further local management to reduce chronic effect of acute disturbances like coral bleaching and disturbances and support recovery, and strong global cyclones and the ongoing effect of chronic pressures action to limit the effect of climate change.” like poor water quality and climate change.

Professor Peter Mumby of the ARC Centre at The Ortiz, J-C, Wolff, NH, Anthony, KRN, Devlin, M, Lewis, S, and Mumby, University of Queensland, said that this was serious PJ (2018). Impaired recovery of the Great Barrier Reef under cause for concern, particularly given the accelerating cumulative stress. Science Advances. 4(7): eaar6127. impacts of climate change on reefs, but it is important Media highlight: IFLScience! - Coral reefs are recovering poorly from to stress that not all reefs are failing. disasters and deep reefs can’t help, 20 July 2018

26 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 27 ARTICLE 19 OCT Nils Krueck Jurassic-era piranha is world’s earliest Nils Krueck is a Research Fellow in the Ecosystem Dynamics: Past, Present and Future program at The University of Queensland node of the ARC Centre. flesh-eating fish Nils was born and raised in Germany’s industrial Ruhr Valley. However, he had regular access to the ocean, thanks to his grandfather and extended family who lived on the coast. It was here, in the cold waters of the Baltic Sea, where Scientists have unearthed the fossilised he became fascinated with marine systems. remains of a piranha-like species that they say is the earliest known example of a flesh- Nils pursued an undergraduate degree in marine science at the University of RESEARCHER Bremen, Germany. Supported by a scholarship from the German Academic eating fish. PROFILE Exchange Service, he left the cold behind to complete his final undergraduate thesis on inshore fish populations in eastern Australia. Nils subsequently

began his PhD at The University of Queensland to expand his research on IMAGE LEFT: With sharp pointed teeth, the new piranha-like fish from Jurassic integrating ecology, oceanography and genetics for spatial management of seas probably fed on the fins of other fishes. From the time of dinosaurs and from the same deposits that contained the first feathered proto-bird fisheries. Nils recalls that he “was very interested in combining ecological Archaeopteryx scientists recovered both this flesh-tearing fish and its scarred field studies, biophysical models and population genetic data to study the prey. Fishes with parts of fins missing point to the exploitation of a widespread relationships between fish abundance, the environment, fishing activities and and renewable resource. Credit: G. Horsitzky (Jura-Museum Eichstätt, Germany) fisheries productivity”. He received several student awards during his PhD, some of which enabled him to visit leading fishery researchers at the University of British Columbia, Canada and the University of Washington, USA. This bony creature, found in South Germany, lived flesh of other fishes at that time. Sharks have been about 150 million years ago and had the distinctive able to bite out chunks of flesh but throughout history After completing his PhD, Nils began a postdoctoral research fellowship with sharp teeth of modern-day piranhas. bony fishes have either fed on invertebrates or largely Professor Peter Mumby at The University of Queensland node of the ARC These Jurassic marauders used their razor teeth to swallowed their prey whole. Biting chunks of flesh or Centre. His research focus now encompasses the effective design of marine tear chunks of flesh and fins off other fish. fins was something that came much later.” protected areas (MPAs). In a series of three complementary papers published Other fish were found nearby which had been Why is this important? in 2017 and 2018 in PLoS Biology, Ecological Applications and Conservation Letters, attacked by the ancient piranhas. It shows the remarkable connection between Nils demonstrated that the size and placement of Marine Protected Areas “We have other fish from the same locality with the time when dinosaurs walked the Earth and our (MPAs) strongly influences their capacity to conserve biodiversity and benefit chunks missing from their fins,” said Dr David modern world. Piranhas attack other fish and tear Bellwood of James Cook University, Australia, who is fisheries. His findings are ground-breaking, because biodiversity conservation chunks out of their fins and fin bases. The scientists one of the authors of the study. and fishery management objectives were previously assumed to be in conflict. found injuries in the same places on fish that had Nils’ research shows that this dilemma is unlikely to occur, specifically on “Feed on a fish and it is dead; nibble its fins and been attacked by the pre-historic piranhas some 150 you have food for the future.” tropical coral reefs, where both biodiversity conservation and more productive million years ago. fisheries are urgently needed. The researchers analysed the jaws and found long “This is an amazing parallel with modern piranhas, pointed teeth on the exterior of a bone forming the which feed predominantly not on flesh but the fins of The prospect that MPAs can be designed to benefit fisheries, especially in roof of the mouth. They also found triangular teeth other fishes,” said Dr Bellwood. with serrated edges on bones that lie along the side coral reef-dependent communities, triggered broad public interest in Nils’ “It’s a remarkably smart move as fins re-grow; a of the lower-jaw. research, resulting in media articles and television and radio interviews. More neat renewable resource.” The international team of scientists concluded that It also shows the value of studying fossils, as the area importantly, Nils discoveries have made real-world impact. His research the pattern and shape of the teeth, jaw morphology where the fish were found is among the best known findings and MPA design approaches are now the basis of three reserve and mechanics suggested a mouth well-equipped to fossil locations in the world but continues to throw up design software programs, which he has co-developed. Since 2015, Nils has slice flesh or fins. surprise findings like this one. led 12 workshops and delivered courses on his research and the use of these “We were stunned that this fish had piranha-like software programs. He has also been closely involved in the development teeth,” says Martina Kölbl-Ebert, of Jura-Museum Where do we find piranhas in the modern world? Eichstätt, who led the study. of marine spatial management plans for more than 30 regions around Piranhas are now only found in freshwater areas the world, primarily in Indonesia. Some of these plans have been officially “It comes from a group of fishes (the pycnodontids) in South America, with some 20 different species approved for implementation. Nils’s research is supported by the World Bank that are famous for their crushing teeth. It is like found in the Amazon. This is in contrast to the newly finding a sheep with a snarl like a wolf. But what project Capturing Coral Reef and Related Ecosystem Services (CCRES), in close described fossil which was found in what was once was even more remarkable is that it was from the the sea. Some modern piranhas have been found in collaborations with the World Wildlife Fund, who are offering independent MPA Jurassic. other parts of the world but these are believed to be design courses based on his work. “Fish as we know them, bony fishes, just did not bite pets that were released into waterways.

Original Article reproduced with permission from the © BBC News BBC News https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-45904004

28 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 29 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MAJA ADAMSKA Associate Professor Maja Adamska, from The Australian National University, is co-leader of Research Program 3. She first studied biology in Poland, and carried out PhD work in Germany on the function of homeobox genes in inner ear development. During her postdoctoral work at the University of Michigan, USA, Maja followed complex crosses of mouse mutants to reveal the genetic interactions involved in limb patterning. Later, she moved to Australia and The University of Queensland to analyse developmental signalling pathways in the sponge, Amphimedon queenslandica. This work revealed surprising similarities in patterning of sponge and higher animal embryos. Subsequently, Maja was a group leader from 2007–2015 at the Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, in Bergen, Norway. In 2015 she returned to Australia as a Senior Lecturer in the Research School of Biology at The Australian National University, where she was awarded a 2017 ARC Future Fellowship. Her research team uses calcareous sponges and corals to gain insight into the evolutionary origin of a variety of key developmental processes, including segregation of germ layers and axial patterning of embryos and adults, as well as regeneration mechanisms. Maja is also interested in major transitions in animal evolution, such as the emergence of multicellularity and morphological complexity and their relationship to genomic complexity.

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MIA HOOGENBOOM Associate Professor Mia Hoogenboom, from James Cook University, is co-leader of Research Program 3. Mia is an expert on coral reef ecophysiology. She received her PhD in 2008 from JCU and, during 2008–2011, she was a Research Fellow at the Centre Scientifique de Monaco and later at the University of Glasgow. Mia has broad research interests in physiology and ecology, and her research establishes mechanistic links between environmental change, physiology, and population and community dynamics. Mia’s research is multi-disciplinary and collaborative. Over the last 10 years, she has published papers with 82 authors in 15 countries, addressing diverse topics. Mia has published more than 40 papers in leading international journals, including Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Nature, Nature Climate Change and Global Change Biology. She has supervised 26 RESEARCH PROGRAM 3 postgraduate and Honours students since 2010, and actively participates in educational outreach RP3 RESPONDING TO A CHANGING WORLD programs that provide exciting marine biology field and laboratory experiences for secondary school students. Her ecotoxicology research informs strategies for managing the impacts of environmental contaminants on coastal marine ecosystems.

PROFESSOR RYAN LOWE Professor Ryan Lowe, from the UWA Oceans Institute at The University of Western Australia (UWA), is co-leader of Research Program 3. Ryan’s research examines how oceanic and atmospheric forcing drives the circulation, distribution of wave energy, and water level variability within the coastal zone, with a particular focus on processes that occur along coral reef coastlines. Major areas of his research focus on: understanding how ocean dynamics drive environmental variability within coral reefs; how these dynamics influence a range of complex biophysical processes, and finally, how these processes can be numerically predicted and accurately forecast into the future. Ryan received his PhD in Civil and Environmental Engineering in 2005 from Stanford University, USA and has been based at UWA since 2007. He has authored more than 100 papers in leading international journals, as well as numerous technical reports for government and industry. Ryan is the Editor of the Journal of Geophysical Research – Oceans, he serves on the Expert Group in Physical Oceanography for the Australian Meteorological and Oceanography Society and on Australia’s Surface Waves Working Group (SWWG) as part of the Forum for Operational Oceanography. In 2012, he received a four-year ARC Future Fellowship, and in 2014 he was the recipient of the UWA Vice Chancellor’s Mid-Career Researcher Award.

Researchers: Kristen Anderson, Natalia Andrade-Rodriguez, Andrew Baird, Dorothea Bender-Champ, Pim Bongaerts, Tom Bridge, Steeve Comeau, Sean Connolly, Christopher Cornwall, Peter Cowman, Thomas DeCarlo, Juan Pablo D’Olivo Cordero, Jennifer Donelson, Sophie Dove, François Dufois, James Falter, Sofia Fortunato, Rebecca Green, Hugo Harrison, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Björn Illing, Michael Kingsford, Janice Lough, Ryan Lowe, Vimoksalehi Lukoschek, Oliver Mead, David Miller, Aurélie Moya, Philip Munday, Stephen Palumbi, Andrew Pomeroy, Morgan Pratchett, Jodie Rummer, Aleksey Sadekov, Eugenia Sampayo, Verena Schoepf, Greg Torda, Erin Vaughn, Heather Veilleux, Julie Vercelloni, Sue-Ann Watson.

PHOTO NICK EVENSEN 30 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 31 Research in Program 3 aims to understand and predict and physio-chemical controls on coral calcification must improve experimental designs to simulate responses of the coral reef organisms and ecosystems along the large latitudinal temperature gradient of environmental conditions more realistically, in order to environmental changes. Biological response to the Western Australian coastline. Coral calcification for transgenerational plasticity to be adequately changing conditions is studied from three highly rates and the internal carbonate chemistry of coral predicted. interlinked and complementary perspectives: Firstly, calcifying fluid compositions inside coral colonies were the dynamics of complex associations of corals with measured using geochemical proxies (boron isotopes, An important event for Program 3 in 2018 was the other organisms, especially symbiotic dinoflagellates elemental systematics), to test the vulnerability of Australian Academy of Science Boden Workshop and microbes; secondly, the stability of carbonate reef corals to ocean acidification. PhD student Rebecca Origins and Function of the Animal Metaorganism, Green and Ryan Lowe collaborated with the Australian organised and convened by David Miller and Mia PHOTO NICK EVENSEN frameworks, which are synthesised and dynamically maintained by corals and other reef building organisms, Institute of Marine Science and the Schmidt Ocean Hoogenboom. This interdisciplinary workshop such as coralline algae; and thirdly, physiological Institute to investigate the biophysical oceanography investigated the evolutionary success of coral- plasticity and capacity for adaptation at organismal, at Scott Reef, a system of remote oceanic atolls off microbiome symbiosis (the metaorganism) and the population, species and ecosystem levels. northwest Australia. Field observations and numerical conditions that sometimes cause their collapse. It was modelling were used to investigate how large tides attended by world-leading researchers across fields In 2018, Program 3 researchers made major interact with the atolls to influence the hydrodynamics as diverse as palaeontology, physiology, microbiology contributions to our understanding of the complex and circulation, and therefore control the spatial and and bioinformatics, united by an interest in microbe interactions of various reef-building organisms, temporal distribution of water quality parameters – animal interactions. The international workshop particularly the relationship between corals and including nutrients and temperature. This research was was also an important professional development and dinoflagellates from the genus Symbiodinium. documented in three ground-breaking papers, the last mentoring event for contributing ARC Centre students This mutualistic relationship can be disturbed by of which detailed localised patterns of temperature RP3 and early career researchers. REPORT thermal extremes, resulting in mass coral bleaching, variability and how it influenced coral bleaching within a phenomenon that is occurring with increasing the atolls during the 2016 global mass bleaching event. In 2018, Program 3 researchers continued their ongoing frequency and severity due to anthropogenic commitment to public engagement at all levels, from Program 3 researchers have been active in building global warming. Documenting and analysing this schools to policy makers. For example, Maja Adamska international collaborations. In November, Philip phenomenon, Janice Lough edited and contributed conducted a class activity on coral bleaching for primary Munday, Jennifer Donelson and Jodie Rummer a number of chapters to the book Coral Bleaching: school children in Canberra, and Jennifer Donelson hosted a joint workshop co-sponsored by the ARC Patterns, Processes, Causes and Consequences. A engaged with Townsville State High School as part of Centre and King Abdullah University of Science large collaborative study published in the journal the National Science Week celebrations. Jodie Rummer Communications Biology, involving Program 3 and Technology (KAUST), in Western Australia. This presented research on the effects of oil spills on larval researchers David Miller and the late Sylvain Forêt, long-term collaboration between Program 3 and and juvenile reef fishes to Greenpeace Australia Pacific, PHOTO MIKE MCWILLIAM revealed the adaptive evolution of functions related to KAUST led to several major publications in 2018. For and produced a full-length documentary on her shark coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Genomes of multiple example, one study in Nature Climate Change (P34), research in French Polynesia. Sue-Ann Watson was corals were sequenced and published in 2018 by an focussed on the epigenetic basis of transgenerational part of an ocean acidification project at the Australian international research consortium, co-led by Sylvain acclimation by fish to ocean warming, and another Academy of Science’s Shine Dome in Canberra, a Forêt and David Miller. These genomic resources are in Nature Ecology and Evolution presented a unique gathering that produced a policy brief on accounting now publicly available, allowing unprecedented insight transgenerational experiment designed to determine for ocean acidification in climate risk assessments. Ove into the biology of corals and their symbionts. the molecular response of a coral reef fish to ocean acidification. Jennifer Donelson and Philip Munday Hoegh-Guldberg co-authored the latest special report A highlight of 2018 was the publication of a major also published a major review in Global Change by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change study by PhD student Claire Ross (p51), Tom DeCarlo Biology on measuring transgenerational plasticity to (IPCC), a landmark document that resonated around and Malcolm McCulloch (p36) on the environmental climate change. They conclude that future research the world (p8).

32 PHOTO CAMILLE GRIMALDI ANNUAL REPORT 2018 33 MEDIA RELEASE 1 MAY

Reef fish inherit tolerance to warming oceans

Thanks to mum and dad, baby reef fish may have the next generation’s ability to cope with the new, what it takes to adjust to hotter oceans. warmer temperatures. In a rapidly changing climate, the decline of “We reared spiny chromis damselfish, a common animal populations is a very real concern. Today, Indo-Pacific reef fish, for two generations under three an international team of researchers report new different water temperatures, up to 3 degrees Celsius evidence of reef fish adjusting to global warming warmer than current-day ocean temperatures,” conditions at the genetic level. explained co-author Professor Timothy Ravasi of For the first time, researchers from the ARC Centre KAUST. of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and the King “The next generation appeared to be advantaged Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), by parental exposure to elevated temperatures. The have found that reef fish can inherit from their offspring’s altered gene expression, also referred to parents the genetic tools to adjust to ocean warming. as ‘acclimation,’ allowed them to maximise oxygen “When parents are exposed to an increase in water consumption and energy use.” temperature, we found that their offspring improved “Acclimation may buffer populations against the MEDIA PHOTO CLAIRE ROSS their performance in these otherwise stressful impacts of rapid environmental change and provide RELEASE conditions by selectively modifying their epigenome,” time for genetic adaptation to catch up over the 2 MAY said senior author Professor Philip Munday of the longer term,” said Professor Munday. ARC Centre at James Cook University. The authors of the study note that while this is Epigenetic change refers to chemical modifications good news for reef fish, the decline of their coral in the DNA that signals genes to be switched on or habitat, as a result of climate change, will continue to off. A range of factors, including disease, famine, or Internal control helps corals resist acidification be an overriding concern for their survival. in the case of this research, heat stress, can stimulate these subtle changes. Ryu, T, Veilleux, H, Donelson, JM, Munday, PL and Ravasi, T (2018). In this study, when both parent and offspring The epigenetic landscape of transgenerational acclimation to Scientists from the ARC Centre of Excellence for to understand the internal chemistry of corals by experienced the same elevated water temperatures, ocean warming. Nature Climate Change. 8: 504 – 509. Coral Reef Studies at The University of Western using specialised equipment that measures the responsive changes in their epigenome, via selective Media highlight: UPI – For reef fish, tolerance for warming waters DNA methylation, were observed that enhanced comes from their parents’ DNA, 1 May 2018 Australia have found that some corals are able characteristics of the molecules in coral. to combat the effects of ocean acidification by “The method showed corals with the most controlling their own chemistry. resistance are tolerant because of the way they are PHOTO MARK MCCORMICK Coral reefs play an important role in protecting able to regulate their calcium levels,” Dr DeCarlo said. coastlines from damage caused by waves and storms, “This technique means scientists can identify species but also provide habitat and shelter for many marine that are relatively resistant to ocean acidification,” organisms. However, major environmental challenges “However, we are also looking at the costs such as climate change, threaten the survival of coral associated with resisting acidification, which may reefs worldwide. potentially make acidification-resistant corals more The world-first study is a breakthrough for marine vulnerable to other stressors,” science because the scientists have identified marine Co-author Professor Malcolm McCulloch said species that are resilient to ocean changes, which will previous studies found that even the more hardy help better understand how to protect coral reefs in coral species lose their ability to adapt to ocean the future. acidification when they bleach under extreme heat Lead author Dr Thomas DeCarlo said rising carbon events, as experienced in 2016. dioxide (CO ) levels in the atmosphere were reflected 2 “When a coral bleaches, it expels its ‘powerhouse’ in the ocean, which leads to ocean acidification. – zooxanthellae symbionts, and loses the energy “Acidification hampers the ability of the coral to needed to keep its internal mechanisms running,” he form skeletons and shells which are the building said. “The longer corals stay bleached, the less likely blocks of reefs,” Dr DeCarlo said. they are to recover.” “In the past few decades, hundreds of experiments have shown that corals have a highly diverse DeCarlo, TM, Comeau, S, Cornwall, CE and McCulloch, MT (2018). response to ocean acidification depending on the Coral resistance to ocean acidification linked to increased calcium at the site of calcification. Proceedings of the Royal Society species. However, the reasons why some are more B. 285:20180564. tolerant than others are not clearly understood,” Media highlight: Science Daily – Internal control helps corals resist Dr DeCarlo and his team developed a new method acidification, 2 May 2018

34 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 35 Researcher Profile: Malcolm McCulloch

Malcolm McCulloch is a Deputy Director of the ARC Centre, and a Chief Investigator in Program 3 at the University of Western Australia node of the Centre. His research focusses on understanding the effects of climate change and ocean acidification on coral bio-calcification, in both shallow-and deep-sea reef environments. Malcolm Tiny coral paradise in the grew up in the small coastal town of Busselton in south-west Western Australia (WA), ARTICLE now best known for its wooden pier jetty that extends more than 1.8 km out into Great Barrier Reef reckons 3 FEB the relatively shallow Geographe Bay. This setting, and the surrounding spectacular marine environment, left its indelible mark on Malcolm, spurring his desire to better RESEARCHER with climate change PROFILE understand the oceans and its many unique ecosystems. By Helen Sullivan PHOTO TORY CHASE After completing his Master’s degree at Curtin University, , Malcolm undertook PhD studies at the world-renowned Californian Institute of Technology (Caltech) in California, USA. After completing his PhD in 1980, Malcolm returned to Australia as a Heron Island is also home to the Barrier Reef’s carbon-dioxide levels of the water, she has been Research Fellow and then Professor at The Australian National University in Canberra. oldest research station, where Sophie Dove, able to simulate how these mini-reefs respond to In 2009, Malcolm returned to WA as a highly prestigious Premier’s Fellow, at The a biology professor [from the ARC Centre of five climate-change scenarios. The first mimics the cooler, less acid ocean environment before the University of Western Australia (UWA). He believes that “in many ways, the coral reefs Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at] the University of Queensland, has lately been studying the effects industrial revolution. The second reproduces the of WA provide a complementary window into the impacts of global change on coral of climate change on corals. ocean of today, based on readings from buoys in reefs compared to the Great Barrier Reef. In the west, warming is driven mainly by The problem, Dove explained, is twofold. the Coral Sea. The third conjures a world where out-of-phase La Nińa conditions, and land-based impacts on reefs are generally more As humanity pumps carbon dioxide into the we reduce emissions somewhat; Dove refers to restricted due to its arid coastline.” atmosphere, the planet’s over-all temperature this as the “pulling our belts in” model. The fourth mesocosm, which she calls “really pulling our belts rises; at the same time, some of the CO2 from the Malcolm’s ongoing research, based mainly on the boron elemental and isotopic air is absorbed by the oceans, acidifying the water. in,” envisions what the future might look like if the systematics in long-lived corals, provides a quantitative means for determining how signatories to the 2015 Paris climate agreement For corals, particularly those that live in the biological processes modulate calcification and the impact of ocean acidification on honor their pledges. The fifth, “business as usual,” shallows, the resulting environmental changes imagines what will happen by the end of the them. His recent research also includes field-studies conducted along the extensive can be catastrophic. Many species around century if humans continue to burn fossil fuels at and diverse WA coastline. These field studies have been complemented by in-situ Heron rely for their survival on a group of tiny their current rate. photosynthesizing organisms called zooxanthellae, controlled experiments conducted at UWA’s marine facility at Watermans Bay, and So far, Dove has found, the pre-industrial and which, in exchange for a safe home in the corals’ by biogeochemical studies which provide new insights into the key processes of present-day mini-reefs appear healthy. Left to body tissues, furnish their hosts with food and calcification by corals. their own devices, she said, they are “chock-a- oxygen and give them their vibrant colors. block” with coral. Dove still needs to crunch the An important innovation led by Malcolm and his collaborators has been the When the water gets too acidic, the corals’ rock- numbers on the Paris tanks, but she hasn’t noticed development of novel proxies that enable a mechanistic understanding of the like skeletons break down. When it gets too warm, a visual difference between this scenario and the zooxanthellae go into overdrive, producing complete carbonate chemistry underpinning calcification. This break-through has the present day. In the other two mesocosms, dangerous amounts of oxygen. To protect though, her results have been “really worrying.” been made possible by using a combination of novel tools allowing the determination themselves, the corals will expel the organisms, The corals in those tanks thrive during the day, of the complete carbonate chemistry of the calcifying fluid of corals during turning bone-white in the process—a phenomenon but, at night, when the zooxanthellae are no longer calcification, and its relationship to the chemistry of the ocean. Malcolm’s research known as bleaching. Two springs ago, the Great photosynthesizing (and thus no longer converting provides powerful insights into the response of coral calcification at a species level to Barrier Reef experienced its worst bleaching event carbon dioxide to oxygen), the water acidity climbs the rapidly evolving forces of climate change. in history. Another one followed in 2017, though and the corals begin to dissolve. In the pulling- Heron Island was spared the worst of it by an in-our-belts tanks, there had been a little more Malcolm has also provided the first quantitative geochemical records from the unseasonable influx of cold weather. growth than dissolution; in the business-as-usual carbonate skeletons of ~300 to 400 year old corals, giving unequivocal evidence for a For the past several decades, marine biologists tanks, there had been no growth at all. This is bad news not only for corals but for all the other five to ten-fold increase in sediment flux entering the Great Barrier Reef since the arrival have devoted themselves to investigating how and why bleaching occurs, from the cellular level species, on land and at sea, that depend on them. of European settlers. This approach is now being used by various agencies (including on up to the global level. Dove is interested in the One of the difficult things about climate change the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority) to assist catchment management area in between. Her lab setup consists of twelve is that we struggle to imagine it. A living edifice programs, and is being extended to other coral reefs, such as those in Kenya. tanks, each containing a miniature reef: one or such as the Great Barrier Reef can, to the human two sea cucumbers, a few small fish, and the mind, seem too permanent, too complicated to fail. Malcolm has published over 300 scientific papers in leading international journals, same seven species of coral. Dove refers to the But here, on Heron Island, the world was just small including 28 in Science or Nature. In recognition of these outstanding contributions, he tanks as mesocosms (“medium worlds”). Over the enough—a mesocosm—for its precariousness to was elected a Fellow of the Australia Academy of Science and Fellow of the American past eight years, by varying the temperature and feel real. Geophysical Union in 2004. In 2009, he was awarded the Australian Academy of Science’s Jaeger Medal in Earth Sciences. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2010 and awarded a highly prestigious ARC Australian Laureate Fellowship in 2012. Original article reproduced with permission thanks to The New Yorker: https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/tiny-coral-paradise-in-the-great-barrier-reef-reckons-with-climate-change

36 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 37 NATIONAL PRIORITY CASE STUDY

Impacts of climate change on World Heritage coral reefs

Climate change is affecting many World Heritage Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI), a metric designed properties, and coral reefs are feeling the brunt to improve the capacity of UNESCO to assess the of global warming. Contemporary mass bleaching vulnerability of World Heritage properties. The CVI and mortality of corals is already frequent and aims to: PHOTO CLAIRE ROSS CASE STUDY widespread throughout the tropics. The ARC Centre •• be a rapid assessment tool, that can be undertakes research in all of Australia’s World consistently applied to all World Heritage Heritage listed coral reefs – The Great Barrier Reef, properties (natural, cultural and mixed); Ningaloo Reef, Shark Bay, and . •• be systematic and comprehensive, yet not Shark Bay World Heritage Area, In 2018, ARC Centre researchers published many overly complex, balancing scientific robustness high-profile papers on the back-to-back 2016 and Western Australia with a level of practicality which enables it to be 2017 bleaching event on the Great Barrier Reef, undertaken by managers or non-scientific users; and on the third global bleaching event triggered by •• rapidly assess the physical and ecological impacts record-breaking sea temperatures in 2015–2016. In A first application of the CVI assessment was undertaken during a of climate change on Outstanding Universal two reports commissioned by the United Nations climate change vulnerability workshop at Shark Bay in September 2018, Value, but also provide a high-level assessment Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in collaboration with the Shark Bay World Heritage Advisory Committee of the economic, social and cultural and supported by various Australian government agencies. Twenty-one (UNESCO), ARC Centre researchers Kristen Anderson, consequences of climate change; participants (including managers, practitioners and researchers) considered Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Terry Hughes and PhD student •• be transparent and repeatable, allowing for the attributes of OUV and the projected impact of three important climate Jon Day contributed to the first global scientific repeat assessments over time to assess trends, drivers on Shark Bay: storm intensity and frequency, extreme marine heat assessment of the impacts of climate change on the and enabling others to see exactly how the events, and air temperature change. In the past decade, these three climate World Heritage-listed coral reefs, and their prospects original assessment was arrived at; drivers have influenced more OUV attributes than any other drivers. for the future (Heron et al. 2017; 2018). •• be proactive and put climate change into The vulnerability of OUV to each of the three most-important climate The severity of current climate impacts on individual context. Climate change is becoming a drivers was evaluated as High (on a scale Low, Moderate, High), resulting World Heritage properties varies. In most cases, the dominant threat to many World Heritage values, in an assessment of High OUV vulnerability of Shark Bay to climate consequence of climate change is a decline in the along with many other cumulative pressures; change. The capacity for local management was considered Low for each values that collectively comprise the Outstanding •• assist in better understanding by local and driver, whilst the technical support was Moderate for each. However, the Universal Value (OUV) for many coral reef World Indigenous communities and users; and effectiveness was evaluated as Very Low for extreme marine heat events Heritage properties. The World Heritage Operational •• be sufficiently standardised to become part of and air temperature change, and Low for storm intensity and frequency, on Guidelines (the documentation used for managing the World Heritage processes (such as State of a four-point scale (Very Low, Low, Moderate, High). all World Heritage properties) has minimal tools Conservation reports, periodic reporting and to assess the effects of climate change on World nominations). Following the success of the Shark Bay trial of the CVI, several other Heritage values. Most World Heritage properties are Australian World Heritage properties have subsequently indicated interest potentially ‘In-Danger’ from the impacts of climate The International Union for Conservation of Nature in a similar assessment in 2019, including the , change, but it would be unrealistic to consider placing (IUCN) Protected Areas Climate Change Specialist Group Ningaloo, and the . all World Heritage properties on the World Heritage has adopted the CVI as a project for their current Heron, S, Eakin, M, Douvere, F, Anderson, K, Day, J, Geiger, E, Hoegh-Guldberg, O, van Hooidonk, In-Danger List. To address this issue in 2018, ARC (2018–19) work plan. The Climate Change and Heritage R, Hughes, T, Marshall, P and Obura, D (2017). Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Centre researchers, led by PhD student Jon Day and Working Group of the International Council on Coral Reefs: A First Global Scientific Assessment. UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris. Associate Scott Heron (USA National Oceanographic Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) is also supportive of Heron, S, van Hooidonk, R, Maynard, J, Anderson, K, Day, J, Geiger, E, Hoegh-Guldberg, O, Hughes, T, Marshall, P, Obura, D and Eakin, M (2018). Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage and Atmospheric Administration and James Cook developing the CVI for assessing the vulnerability of Coral Reefs: Update to the First Global Scientific Assessment. UNESCO World Heritage University) began an innovative project to develop a cultural heritage places to climate change. Centre, Paris.

38 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 39 To understand the potential impacts that climate change threatens the Great of climatic change on Shark Bay, we Barrier Reef and other corals around the can look back to the effects of the most world. recent marine heatwave in the area. In The World Heritage Committee has 2011 Shark Bay was hit by a catastrophic recognised that local efforts alone are marine heatwave that destroyed 900 no longer enough to save coral reefs, square kilometres of seagrass – 36% of but this logic can be extended to other the total coverage. vulnerable marine ecosystems – including This in turn harmed endangered the World Heritage values of Shark Bay. species such as turtles, contributed to Safeguarding Shark Bay from the temporary closure of the commercial climate change requires a coordinated Shark Bay: A World crab and scallop fisheries, and released research and management effort from between 2 million and 9 million tonnes of government, local industry, academic Heritage Site at carbon dioxide – equivalent to the annual institutions, not-for-profits and local emissions from 800,000 homes. Indigenous groups – before any Some aspects of Shark Bay’s ecosystem irreversible ecosystem tipping points are catastrophic risk have never been the same since. Many reached. The need for such a strategic areas previously covered with large, effort was obvious as long ago as the temperate are now bare, or 2011 heatwave, but it hasn’t happened By Matthew Fraser, Ana Sequeira, Brendan Paul Burns, have been colonised by small, tropical yet. Diana Walker, Jon C. Day and Scott Heron seagrasses, which do not provide the Due to the significant Aboriginal same habitat for animals. This mirrors heritage in Shark Bay, including three the transition seen on bleached coral language groups (Malgana, Nhanda and The devastating bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 2016 and 2017 rightly reefs, which are taken over by turf algae. Yingkarta), it will be vital to incorporate captured the world’s attention. But what’s less widely known is that another We may be witnessing the beginning of Indigenous knowledge, so as to World Heritage-listed marine ecosystem in Australia, Shark Bay, was also Shark Bay’s transition from a sub-tropical understand the potential social impacts. recently devastated by extreme temperatures, when a brutal marine heatwave to a tropical marine ecosystem. And of course, any on-the-ground struck off Western Australia in 2011. This shift would jeopardise Shark actions to protect Shark Bay need to be A 2018 workshop convened by the Shark Bay World Heritage Advisory Bay’s World Heritage values. Although accompanied by dramatic reductions Committee classified Shark Bay as being in the highest category of vulnerability have survived for almost in greenhouse emissions. Without this, to future climate change. And yet relatively little media attention and research the entire on Earth, they are Shark Bay will be one of the many marine funding has been paid to this World Heritage Site that is on the precipice. still vulnerable to rapid environmental ecosystems to fundamentally change Shark Bay, in WA’s region, is one of 49 marine World Heritage Sites change. Monitoring changes in the within our lifetimes. PHOTO W. BULACH/WIKIMEDIA globally, but one of only four of these sites that meets all four natural criteria COMMONS, CC BY-SA microbial makeup of ARTICLE for World Heritage listing. The marine ecosystem supports the local economy these communities could 8 FEB through tourism and fisheries benefits. even serve as a canary in the coalmine for global Around 100,000 tourists visit Shark Bay each year to interact with turtles, ecosystem changes. and dolphins, or to visit the world’s most extensive population of stromatolites – stump-shaped colonies of microbes that date back billions of The neglected bay? years, almost to the dawn of life on Earth. Despite Shark Bay’s Commercial and recreational fishing is also extremely important for the local significance, and the economy. The combined Shark Bay invertebrate fishery (crabs, prawns and seriousness of the threats scallops) is the second most valuable commercial fishery in Western Australia. it faces, it has received less media and funding Under threat attention than many other However, this iconic and valuable marine ecosystem is under serious threat. high-profile Australian Shark Bay is especially vulnerable to future climate change, given that the ecosystems. Since 2011, temperate seagrass that underpins the entire ecosystem is already living at the the Australian Research upper edge of its tolerable temperature range. These seagrasses provide vital Council has funded 115 habitat for fish and marine mammals, and help the stromatolites survive by research projects on the regulating the water salinity. Great Barrier Reef, and just Shark Bay received the highest rating of vulnerability using the recently nine for Shark Bay. developed Climate Change Vulnerability Index, created to provide a method Coral reefs rightly for assessing climate change impacts across all World Heritage Sites. receive a lot of attention, In particular, extreme marine heat events were classified as very likely and particularly given the predicted to have catastrophic consequences in Shark Bay. By contrast, the growing appreciation capacity to adapt to marine heat events was rated very low, showing the OPENSTREETMAP.ORG/WIKIMEDIA COMMONS, CC BY-SA challenges Shark Bay faces in the coming decades. The region is also threatened by increasingly frequent and intense storms, and warming air temperatures. Original article: https://theconversation.com/shark-bay-a-world-heritage-site-at-catastrophic-risk-111194

40 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 41 Graduate and Early Career Training

The ARC Centre is the global leader in building human Editor, The Conversation) provided training on pitching capacity and expertise in coral reef science. Students and writing popular articles. Our Communications and Early Career Researchers (ECRs) are essential Manager, Catherine Naum, also provided media contributors to the Centre’s activities and outputs. training and one-to-one coaching to students, ECRs and During 2018, the Centre provided supervision and senior researchers throughout 2018. research funding to 176 research students across our In November, the Centre organised a two day Mental four nodes. Almost 85% of students are enrolled in Health First Aid Training course for researchers and PhDs, with the remainder pursuing Honours or Masters support staff. The nationally-recognised course degrees. Twenty two students graduated in 2018, while provided information on how to offer initial support to 37 new students enrolled in graduate degrees. The ARC adults who are developing a mental health problem, Centre also supports 32 ECRs, who are within five years experiencing a worsening of an existing mental health of their PhD. problem or experiencing a mental health crisis. The ARC Centre attracts students and ECRs to Australia In 2018, the ARC Centre offered a range of mentoring from around the world. In 2018, 126 international activities to all Honours, Masters and PhD students students came from 37 countries, representing 72% of attending the annual Australian Coral Reef Society our research student membership. Almost 70% of our Conference, a long-standing event sponsored by the ECRs are from overseas. Centre. The National Student Mentoring Day featured The ARC Centre provides an exciting and multi- a coral identification course and field trip at the World disciplinary intellectual environment, with a major Heritage-listed Ningaloo Reef. More than 30 students focus on training and mentoring the next generation and Indigenous Rangers from the Western Australian of coral reef researchers. In 2018, the ARC Centre Parks and Wildlife service attended the event. The TRAINING continued to support the advancement of quantitative coral identification course was taught by ARC Centre and modelling skills. For example, in March more than researchers Tom Bridge, Verena Schoepf and Terry 30 students and ECRs attended two one-week intensive Hughes. courses on statistics in R, sponsored by the ARC Centre, The ARC Centre sponsors two committees in support and provided by Murray Logan, biostatistician at the of research students and ECRs, respectively. Each ARC Centre’s partner, the Australian Institute of Marine committee is allocated funds to support training, Science. mentoring and leadership activities during the year. In 2018, a recurring focus of the ARC Centre’s training In 2018, the student committee was chaired by Grace activities was scientific writing and communication. Al Moajil-Cole, Shannon McMahon and Katie Sievers. In September, Joshua Cinner hosted a workshop for Other members were Katie Lee and Karin Zwiep (UQ) students and ECRs on how to structure manuscripts, and Netramani Sagar and Rebecca Green (UWA). navigate the peer review process and build a portfolio The student and ECR committees are supported by of publications. The Centre’s student committee Graduate Co-ordinator Olga Bazaka, Chief Operations organised an intensive four day writing retreat for Officer Jennifer Lappin and Assistant Director Alana graduate students on Magnetic Island in October. In Grech. November, Alana Grech, Peter Cowman and Sean An important focus of the two committees is the design Connolly conducted a training session for ECRs on and implementation of the annual research student writing ARC Research Opportunity and Performance and ECR retreats, held the day before the ARC Centre’s Evidence statements. Annual Symposium. Sixty one students attended the The ARC Centre offered numerous other training 2018 student retreat in Brisbane, which focused on events in 2018 for ARC Centre members, focussing careers outside of academia, effective coping strategies on a broad spectrum of career stages. Niall Byrne and life-balance during PhD studies, and techniques (Director, Science In Public) conducted a session on for scientific illustration. The ECR retreat featured a developing concise summaries of research (‘1 minute session on how to be a strategic researcher, delivered pitch’), and Michael Hopkin (Energy and Environment by Dr Hugh Kearns (ThinkWell), and a behind the scenes

PHOTO MIKE MCWILLIAM 42 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 43 tour of the Queensland Museum. The student and •• Veronica Radice received the Ron Kenny Student 2018 PhD Students in the ARC Centre ECR committees also organised multiple social events Presentation Prize at the Australian Marine across the four nodes during 2018, enhancing the ARC Sciences Association annual conference, and Student Name Institution Country Thesis Title ARC Centre Advisors Centre’s collaborative and supportive culture. Shannon McMahon received an Outstanding Michelle Achlatis UQ The Bioeroding sponges in a time of change: insights into S Dove, Netherlands the physiology and cell biology of a photosymbiotic O Hoegh-Guldberg Presentation Prize at the Australian Coral Reef coral-eroding sponge. (PhD awarded) Students supported by the ARC Centre achieved many Society annual conference. prizes and accolades in 2018, for example: Samantha Aird JCU Australia Socio-ecological dynamics in archaeological shellfish A Hoey •• Patrick Smallhorn-West received the 2018 fisheries: a case from the Keppel Islands, Great Barrier •• Alexia Graba-Landry and Shannon McMahon Glenn Almany Memorial Prize for his research on Reef, Australia received the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park marine reserves in Tonga. This prize is awarded Mariana Alvarez JCU Mexico Coexistence-promoting mechanisms in reef-coral S Connolly, A Baird, Authority’s Reef Guardians Research Grants for to graduate students whose coral reef research Noriega communities. M Hoogenboom their targeted research on the Great Barrier Reef. required them to work with people beyond Natalia Andrade JCU Ecuador Non-contact competition between soft and hard corals: D Miller, A Moya Rodriguez a transcriptomic perspective. (PhD awarded) •• Katie Sievers was awarded a PADI Foundation traditional academic boundaries, to make a Research Grant and a David Pearse Bequest for difference, or which has the potential to influence Danielle Asson- JCU, AIMS, USA Multi-scale patterns of benthic species composition R Pressey, S Connolly, Batzel CSIRO, in the Great Barrier Reef region and implications for T Bridge Environmental Research. policy, management or practice. Museum spatial management. •• Sarah Lawless was awarded best student Smallhorn-West, PF, Bridge, TCL, Malimali, S, Pressey, RL, and of Tropical Queensland presentation at the 7th Global Conference on Jones, GP (2018). Predicting impact to assess the efficacy of community-based marine reserve design. Conservation (MTQ) Gender in Aquaculture and Fisheries. Letters 2018: e12602. Kevin Bairos JCU Canada Metapopulation dynamics of coral polyp dispersal and S Connolly, •• Laura Puk received a research grant from the •• The ARC Centre recognises outstanding research Novak juvenile fish recruitment after severe bleaching events M Hoogenboom Winifred Violet Scott Charitable Trust. students for their first-authored publications Anne Bauer- JCU USA From people to reef, marine debris and plastic pollution M Hoogenboom •• The Australian Coral Reef Society provided each year, through our annual Virginia Chadwick Civiello in north Queensland. funding to support the travel of Shannon Awards. In 2018, they were won by students at Brock Bergseth JCU USA Poaching in marine protected areas: Drivers of and J Cinner, D Williamson, responses to illegal fishing. (PhD awarded) G Russ McMahon, Alexia Graba-Landry, and Laura Puk JCU, UQ and UWA – Mariana Alvarez-Noriega, Sun to their annual conference, held at Exmouth, Wook Kim, Michael McWilliam, Laura Richardson Chloë Boote JCU United The larval development, microbiome, and stress D Miller, A Moya Western Australia. Kingdom response of the mushroom coral Heliofunga and Claire Ross. actiniformis. •• Mia Comeros was awarded a Coral Reef Alvarez-Noriega, M, Baird, AH, Dornelas, M, Madin, JS and Ian Bouyoucos JCU USA A challenging environment in a changing world for J Rummer Connolly, SR (2018). Conservation Program Domestic Coral Reef Negligible effect of competition on coral juvenile sharks: ecological energetics of climate change . Ecology 99(6): 1347 – 1356. Conservation Grant from the US National Oceanic colony growth with implications toward conservation. Kim, SW, Blomberg, SP and Pandolfi, JM (2018).Transcending and Atmospheric Administration. data gaps: a framework to reduce inferential errors in Kristen Brown UQ USA The dynamics of coral-algal interactions on coral reef S Dove, •• Katie Motson was awarded a Holsworth Wildlife ecological analyses. Ecology Letters 21(8): 1200 – 1210. ecosystems. (PhD awarded) O Hoegh-Guldberg Research Endowment Grant from the Ecological McWilliam, M, Hoogenboom, MO, Baird, AH, Kuo, C-Y, Madin, Christopher JCU, AIMS Germany Cumulative impacts of water quality and climate M Hoogenboom JS and Hughes, TP (2018). Biogeographical disparity in the Society of Australia. Brunner change (sea surface temperature warming and ocean functional diversity and redundancy of corals. Proceedings of acidification) on important reef species. •• The Australian Society of Fish Biology provided the National Academy of Sciences 115(12): 3084 – 3089. Ramona Brunner JCU Germany The function and ligands of g-protein coupled receptors D Miller, A Moya Richardson, LE, Graham, NAJ, Pratchett, MS, Eurich, JG and Hoey, funding to support the travel and research of (GPCRS) in coral larvae settlement. AS (2018). Mass coral bleaching causes biotic homogenization Pauline Narvaez, Rachel Spinks, Renato Morais of reef fish assemblages. Global Change Biology 24(7): 3117 – Dominic Bryant UQ Australia The effects of global and local disturbance towards O Hoegh-Guldberg, Araujo and Tiffany Sih, and awarded presentation 3129. spatial patterns of coral in the Central Indian Ocean. S Dove prizes to Robert Streit and Christopher Ross, CL, Schoepf, V, DeCarlo, TM and McCulloch, MT (2018). (PhD awarded) Mechanisms and seasonal drivers of calcification in the Alexander Buck JCU Australia Microbiology of crown-of-thorns starfish. M Pratchett Hemingson at their annual conference. temperate coral Turbinaria reniformis at its latitudinal limits. •• Shanna Grafeld was awarded a Graduate Proceedings of the Royal Society B 285: 20180215. Cüneyt Caglar ANU Germany Sponge and coral regeneration: Cellular and molecular M Adamska Education Scholarship from the American- characterisation of regeneration in reef-building invertebrates. Australian Association. Paula Joy UWA Australia Metocean processes and anthropogenic influences R Lowe •• Jacqueline Lau received an International Cartwright in the southern coastal Pilbara/Exmouth Gulf: what Agricultural Student Award from the Crawford are the primary drivers of water quality and habitat Fund to support her research in Malaysia and distribution? the Solomon Islands. She also received a Student Leela Chakravarti JCU, AIMS, U United Manipulation of coral photosymbionts for enhancing M van Oppen, Melbourne Kingdom resilience to environmental change. M Hoogenboom, B Willis Presentation Award at the Society of Conservation Biology’s International Marine Conservation Tory Chase JCU USA Effects of fish abundance and diversity on host coral M Hoogenboom, dynamics. M Pratchett Congress. Sivee Chawla JCU India Understanding ecosystem service choices made by G Cumming, T individual actors and their implications for social- Morrison ecological interactions.

Jessica Cheok JCU Brunei Systematic conservation planning in marine R Pressey, R Weeks environments – sensitivities of the planning framework to aspects of scale. (PhD awarded)

Harry Clarke UWA Australia Resolving the impacts of ocean warming and dredging M McCulloch, in coral cores collected from the NW shelf of Australia. J P D’Olivo Cordero

44 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 45 Student Name Institution Country Thesis Title ARC Centre Advisors Student Name Institution Country Thesis Title ARC Centre Advisors

Mia Theresa JCU Philippines Strengthening catchment to sea connections by A Hoey, G Russ Saul Gonzalez JCU El Salvador The impact of parrotfishes on the coral new recruits. G Jones, G Russ Bullecer Comeros evaluating the impacts of water quality on parrotfishes Murcia and surgeonfish assemblages in American Samoa. Alexia Graba- JCU Canada The effect of temperature on seaweed-herbivore A Hoey, M Pratchett Mario Conde-Frias UWA Colombia Investigating the sediment dynamics within submerged R Lowe Landry interactions on tropical coral reef systems. canopies for unidirectional and oscillatory flows. Shanna Grafeld JCU USA Market structures, trade networks and governance of M Barnes, J Cinner, Bruna Contro de ANU Brazil Genetic basis of evolutionary and developmental origin M Adamska coral reef fisheries across a development gradient. T Morrison Godoy of animal cell types. Ruby Grantham JCU, United The temporal dynamics of reef fisheries as part of G Cumming, D Mills Amy Coppock JCU United Climate change and disturbance events: the role of G Jones, M McCormick WorldFish Kingdom diversified coastal livelihoods. Kingdom settlement behaviour and larval connectivity in changes to coral reef fish communities. Rebecca Green UWA United Investigating biogeochemical responses to R Lowe Kingdom hydrodynamic processes at Scott Reef, a remote atoll Jessica Cramp JCU USA Evaluating the effectiveness of policy, fisheries R Pressey off Western Australia. (PhD awarded) management tools and large-scale marine protected areas on wide-ranging sharks. Camille Mathilde UWA France Oceanography drivers of coral reef connectivity of north R Lowe, R Green Grimaldi western Australia. Kay Critchell JCU United Using hydrodynamic models to understand the impacts M Hoogenboom, Kingdom and risks of plastic pollution. (PhD awarded) A Grech Mila Grinblat JCU Russia Sex change and gene expression in Fungia fungites coral. D Miller, P Cowman

Madeline Davey UQ Australia Identifying marine reserve implementation strategies P Mumby Rodrigo Gurdek JCU, AIMS Uruguay Spatial and temporal connectivity dynamics on the H Harrison that are economically and ecologically achievable. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park using genomics and biophysical modelling. Daniel Raj David UWA India The interaction of WECs in an array and its influence on R Lowe coastal processes. Nataly Gutierrez UQ Colombia Ecological stoichiometry of corals, symbionts and J Pandolfi Isaza macroalgae along the latitudinal gradient in eastern Jonathan Day JCU, CSIRO Australia Planning and managing the Great Barrier Reef – R Pressey, T Morrison Australia. lessons learned for the future planning of the Reef and implications for marine protected areas elsewhere. Vanessa Haller JCU, AIMS Germany Ecosystem modelling to evaluate multiple uncertain M Bode, G Russ, threats on coral reefs. R Pressey Stephanie Di JCU, AIMS Canada Coastal acidification in the benthic boundary layer on M Hoogenboom, Perna inshore reefs: implications on water chemistry and Nicholas UQ USA Historical response of Red Sea coral habitats to J Pandolfi benthic communities. Hammerman environmental change.

Andreas Dietzel JCU Germany Primary habitat requirements of key herbivorous fish T Hughes, S Connolly Kelly Hannan JCU USA The mechanisms underpinning maintained or J Rummer, P Munday and stress-tolerant coral species in the Great Barrier enhanced performance of coral reef fishes under Reef: elevated carbon dioxide conditions.

Adam Downie JCU Canada How do coral reef fish develop into athletes? J Rummer, P Cowman Kynan Hartog JCU Australia Population ecology of common baitfish species in the M Kingsford -Burnett Indo-Pacific. Ameer Ebrahim UQ, USC Seychelles The role of rabbitfish in a marine environment, and P Mumby their contribution towards the resilience of tropical Margaux Hein JCU, CSIRO, Monaco Characterising the effectiveness of coral restoration to B Willis coral reefs. GBRMPA build reef resilience: a socio-ecological perspective.

Hannah Epstein JCU, AIMS USA Investigating the drivers of microbial community P Munday, G Torda Christopher JCU USA The evolution, biogeography and ecological significance D Bellwood, P Cowman composition in reef-building corals. (PhD awarded) Hemingson of colour in coral reef fishes.

Estefania Erazo JCU Ecuador Assessing cumulative impacts of land use in the wet R Pressey, A Grech Alejandra JCU, UQ Venezuela Deciphering the bacterial microworld in corals: T Ainsworth, Mera tropics catchments on the Great Barrier Reef. Hernandez- structure, variability and persistence. (PhD awarded) P Bongaerts, A Hoey Agreda Jacob Eurich JCU USA Processes underlying the fine-scale partitioning G Jones, M McCormick and niche diversification in a guild of coral reef Sybille Hess JCU Switzerland The effects of suspended sediments on the physiology J Rummer, A Hoey damselfishes. (PhD awarded) and behaviour of coral reef fishes.

Nicolas Evensen UQ United Bottlenecks of coral recovery on degraded reefs. P Mumby, YM Bozec Tessa Hill JCU, MTQ United Direct and indirect effects of ocean acidification on reef M Hoogenboom, Kingdom Kingdom corals. S-A Watson

Legana Fingerhut JCU Netherlands Genome wide detection and evolutionary analysis of D Miller Kyle Hillcoat JCU Australia Latitudinal variations in age-based demography of G Russ, G Jones antimicrobial peptide repertoires in corals. three large predatory reef fishes (Lutjanus sebae, Lutjanus malabaricus and Lutjanus erythropterus) in Eric Fisher JCU, AIMS Australia Spawning aggregation sites on tropical reefs. M McCormick Queensland, Australia.

Renan Fonseca da UWA Brazil Understanding and predicting the impact of submerged R Lowe Lucy Holmes JCU, Australia Power and participation in seascape conservation in T Morrison, A Song, Silva structures on coastal processes with application to McHugh WorldFish the Anthropocene: how are new governance models P Cohen wave energy converters. turning the tide?

Kerrie Fraser UQ, JCU Australia Marine protected areas: evaluating policy efficacy and J Pandolfi, R Pressey Jeremy Horowitz JCU, MTQ USA Predicting ‘the unknown unknowns’ in the global T Bridge, R Pressey impact in conserving biodiversity. oceans: Increasing certainty of species distributions to inform conservation in marine ecosystems. Gemma Galbraith JCU United Submerged pinnacle coral reefs; reef fish ecology and G Jones, M McCormick Kingdom functional connectivity. Victor Huertas JCU Spain Feeding ecology of corallivorous reef fishes. D Bellwood, S Connolly Martin Anjani Ganase UQ Trinidad and Patterns and drivers that determine the structure and O Hoegh-Guldberg,

Tobago composition of typical Caribbean seascapes. (PhD S Dove, P Mumby Michael Jarrold JCU United The effects of natural variation in CO2 and rising CO2, on P Munday, awarded) Kingdom coral reef fish. M McCormick

Bettina Glasl JCU, AIMS Austria Microbial indicators for environmental stress and B Willis Johanna Johnson JCU Australia Development and implementation of a vulnerability M Kingsford ecosystem health assessment. assessment tool to inform decision-making in socio- ecological systems. (PhD awarded)

46 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 47 Student Name Institution Country Thesis Title ARC Centre Advisors Student Name Institution Country Thesis Title ARC Centre Advisors

Saskia Jurriaans JCU, Centre Netherlands Thermal acclimation and the geographic range limits of M Hoogenboom, Michalis Mihalitsis JCU Greece Predator-prey interactions in coral reef fishes: ecology D Bellwood, S Connolly Scientifique reef-building corals. S Connolly and function. de Monaco Rebecca UQ, U. Exeter United Modelling the role of biodiversity in ecosystem P Mumby Tania Kenyon UQ Australia Physical and biological dynamics of post-disturbance P Mumby, S Dove Millington Kingdom resilience to climate change. coral reef rubble fields. Meira Mizrahi JCU Australia Maximizing potential impact of marine protected R Pressey, R Weeks Sun Kim UQ South Korea Evolution and ecology of coral range dynamics. J Pandolfi area (MPA) placement: an integrated socio-economic perspective. Catherine Kim UQ USA Determining drivers of benthic composition, marine O Hoegh-Guldberg, biodiversity, and coral health in Timor-Leste. S Dove Jose Montalvo JCU, AIMS Ecuador Mechanisms involved in the potential acclimation of P Munday Proano corals to future environmental conditions. Chelsea Korpanty UQ USA Ecological dynamics of Pleistocene corals. (PhD J Pandolfi awarded) Stefano JCU, AIMS Italy Causes and consequences of natural hybridisation M Pratchett Montanari among coral reef butterflyfishes (Chaetodon: Alyson Kuba JCU USA Effects of ocean warming on coral reproduction and A Baird, M chaetodontidae). (PhD awarded) transgenerational effect: comparison of genetic and Hoogenboom epigenetic mechanisms of resilience. Renato Morais JCU Brazil Habitat effects on coral reef fish growth and biomass D Bellwood, S Connolly Araujo production. Felicity Kuek JCU, AIMS Malaysia Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) metabolism within D Miller, A Moya the coral holobiont. Katie Motson JCU United The impacts of coral reef health on fish-parasite A Hoey Kingdom interactions. Marie Lapointe JCU Canada Understanding ecosystem service preferences and G Cumming, G Gurney wellbeing benefits along a rural-urban gradient. Pauline Narvaez JCU France Food preferences of cleaner organisms and the impact M McCormick of cleaning interactions on pathogen transmission. Jacqueline Lau JCU, Australia Winners and losers in marine conservation: J Cinner, G Gurney U.Lancaster investigating access to coral reef ecosystem services. Tiffany Nay JCU USA Physiological and behavioural strategies used by fish to A Hoey, M Pratchett mitigate the effects of ocean warming. Taryn Laubenstein JCU USA Adaptive potential of coral reef fishes to ocean P Munday, J Rummer acidification. Nery Contti Neto UWA Brazil Field observations of sediment dynamics within coastal R Lowe benthic ecosystems. Sarah Lawless JCU, Australia The diffusion of meta-norms in natural resource T Morrison, P Cohen, WorldFish governance. A Song Samuel Payet JCU Australia The role of hybridisation in the evolution of coral reef H Harrison, G Jones, fishes. M Pratchett Katie Lee UQ Australia Early warning of tipping points of coral reefs. P Mumby Katie Peterson JCU USA Ecological drivers of community stability in space and T Hughes, S Connolly Johanna JCU Australia Spatial dynamics in the territories of Stegastes spp. M Pratchett, M time. Leonhardt relative to coral growth, disease and mortality within Hoogenboom, A Hoey Opal reef. Mark Priest UQ, Palau United A multi-disciplinary approach to predictive P Mumby ICRC Kingdom management of coral reef fisheries. Zoe Loffler JCU Australia Influence of canopy-forming macroalgae on key reef A Hoey, M Pratchett processes. Abdi Priyanto UQ, MMAF Indonesia Marine spatial planning in Indonesia: options for P Mumby Indonesia improved efficiency. Jake Lowe JCU Australia Effects of no-take marine reserve protection on G Russ abundance and demography of tropical wrasses. Laura Puk UQ Germany Population dynamics of the brown Macroalga lobophora P Mumby sp. and its control by herbivorous fish. Chancey JCU, MTQ New Zealand Depth patterns in coral reef fish distributions and G Jones, T Bridge Macdonald microhabitat associations: are deep reefs a refuge? Veronica Radice UQ USA Trophic ecology and microbial communities of shallow O Hoegh-Guldberg, and deep reef-building corals of the Maldives, Indian S Dove Eva Maire JCU, U. France How heterogeneity of socio-economic and ecological J Cinner, A Hoey Ocean. Montpellier factors affect the facets of biodiversity in coral reef ecosystems. Blake Ramsby JCU, AIMS USA The effects of a changing marine environment on the M Hoogenboom bioeroding sponge Cliona orientalis. (PhD awarded) Hannah Markham UQ United Long-term ecological dynamics along a gradient of J Pandolfi, G Roff Kingdom anthropogenic activity on the inshore Great Barrier Jeremy Raynal JCU USA Assessing the potential for recreational fishing to B Pressey, R Weeks Reef. (PhD awarded) contribute to conservation of coastal marine species and habitats. Robert Mason UQ, NOAA Australia Coral responses to temperature, irradiance and S Dove, O Hoegh- acidification stress: linking physiology to satellite Guldberg Laura Richardson JCU, United Variation in structure and function of reef fish A Hoey, M Pratchett remote sensing. (PhD awarded) U.Lancaster Kingdom assemblages among distinct coral habitats. (PhD awarded) Samuel Matthews JCU, AIMS Australia Modelling outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish: M Pratchett, V coupling biophysical, demographic and connectivity Messmer Johan Risandi UWA Indonesia Assessing the hydrodynamics and morphodynamics of R Lowe processes. a reef-fringed pocket beach.

Emmanuel Mbaru JCU, Kenya Diffusion of a gear based conservation innovation in J Cinner, T Morrison, Thomas (Ed) JCU, AIMS, Australia Ecological determinates of depth zonation in reef- A Baird, T Bridge U.Lancaster coral reef fisheries. M Barnes Roberts MTQ building corals. (PhD awarded)

Eva McClure JCU Australia The impact of typhoons on the effectiveness of marine G Russ, A Hoey Claire Ross (p51) UWA Australia Environmental controls on the growth and physiology M McCulloch, V reserve networks in the Coral Triangle. of high-latitude coral in the south-west region of Schoepf, T DeCarlo Western Australia. (PhD awarded) Shannon JCU Australia Effects of rising water temperature and food availability J Donelson, P Munday McMahon on predatory reef fish. Cristina Ruano JCU Spain Equity in fisheries co-management: social-ecological J Cinner, G Gurney Chamorro determinants and trade-offs. Jennifer UQ, U. Exeter United Coral reef futures under climate change and ocean P Mumby McWhorter Kingdom acidification. Edmond Sacre JCU Australia Conservation planning to make a difference: developing R Pressey, R Weeks strategies to maximise conservation impact. Michael JCU United The functional diversity and redundancy of corals. T Hughes, McWilliam Kingdom M Hoogenboom Netramani (Netra) UWA India Reconstructing climate and anthropogenic signals M McCulloch, A Sagar on the Indian Ocean margins using geochemistry of Sadekov Matheus Antonio UQ Brazil Porites cylindrica (Dana, 1846), a resilient coral found S Dove marine calcifiers. Mello Athayde on the Great Barrier Reef: present and future coral physiology.

48 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 49 Student Name Institution Country Thesis Title ARC Centre Advisors Claire Ross Katie Sambrook JCU, GBRMPA United Beyond the reef: the influence of seascape structure on A Hoey, G Cumming Kingdom fish communities and ecological processes on reefs. Claire Ross grew up close to the ocean in regional south-west Australia, Jodie Schlaefer JCU Australia Determining the population structures of cubozoan M Kingsford where she developed a strong passion for nature and marine conservation. jellyfishes with biophysical modelling. She recalls “learning to scuba dive and being completely in awe of the ocean, Molly Scott JCU, AIMS Australia Mechanisms of behavioural thermoregulation in coral M Pratchett trout on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. especially Western Australia’s spectacular temperate reefs”. This passion and curiosity for the marine environment led Claire to pursue an undergraduate Katherine Sievers JCU USA The influence of multiple habitat types on no take G Russ, G Jones marine reserve performance, fish community structure, degree in marine biology and coastal management at The University of and demographics of important fishery species. Western Australia, where she was awarded First Class Honours for her thesis Tiffany Sih JCU, AIMS USA Fisheries for deep sea snappers. M Kingsford on growth rates of corals at Rottnest Island.

Carrie Sims UQ Australia Community ecology of corals and their symbionts. J Pandolfi GRADUATE PROFILE After completing her Honours degree, Claire realised she was hooked on coral Alexandre JCU Brazil Regulators of coral reef diversity through space and P Cowman, D Bellwood reef research. “Corals are renowned for their capacity to create spectacular Siqueira Correa time. calcium carbonate reef structures that harbour some of the most diverse Patrick Smallhorn- JCU, MTQ Canada Efficacy of community-based marine management in G Jones, T Bridge, West the Kingdom of Tonga. B Pressey, G Gurney ecosystems on the planet. I wanted to learn more about how corals grow.” The goal of her PhD was to investigate the mechanisms of coral growth and the Blake Spady JCU, MTQ USA The effects of projected near-future CO2 on cephalopod S-A Watson, P Munday behaviours and physiology. use of coral skeletons as paleothermometers to reconstruct past temperature.

Jessica Spijkers JCU, U Sweden The future for governing highly migratory straddling T Morrison, Claire used a multi-disciplinary framework in her research that combined Stockholm stocks: conflict or cooperation? G Cumming geochemistry and biology. Rachel Spinks JCU Australia Keeping up with climate change: the evolutionary P Munday, J Donelson potential of coral reef fishes to rising sea temperature. Western Australia is home to the largest fringing coral reef in the southern

Robert Streit JCU Kenya Spatial ecology and space use in browsing herbivorous D Bellwood, hemisphere (Ningaloo), several sub-tropical Islands (e.g. Rottnest Island near reef fishes: ecological drivers and effects on ecosystem G Cumming Perth), and many diverse temperate reefs bordering the Southern Ocean. “I function. decided to use these locations as natural laboratories to research coral growth Sarah Sutcliffe JCU Australia Macro and micro level determinants of the contribution J Cinner, M Barnes, and paleothermometry along a latitudinal gradient in temperature.” This work of fish to nutritional security. A Song involved field trips to remote locations every 1 to 2 months to collect data of Siham Afatta UQ Indonesia An assessment of the sustainability and resilience O Hoegh-Guldberg growth rates of reef-building branching and plating corals. Kemal Taruc of livelihoods within an Indonesian marine social- ecological system. Claire completed her PhD in August 2018 under the supervision of Centre Tullia Isotta JCU, KAUST Italy Species boundaries in the coral genus Porites: an A Baird, D Miller Terraneo integrated approach. Research Fellows Malcolm McCulloch, Thomas DeCarlo and Verena Schoepf. Her research was the first study to apply new geochemical approaches for Jodi Thomas JCU, MTQ New Zealand The neurobiological mechanisms through which ocean P Munday, S-A Watson acidification effects invertebrate behaviours. understanding coral growth and paleothermometry. This research provided

Damian Thomson JCU Australia Resilience of coral assemblages in north west Australia. A Hoey, M Pratchett novel insights into the complex relationships between the internal carbonate chemistry of corals and their growth rates. “We were then able to apply this Cheng-Han Tsai JCU, AIMS Taiwan The structure and dynamics of reef fish communities. S Connolly, D Bellwood new knowledge of coral growth to assess the utility of different emerging Rene van der UQ Curacao Exploring the physiological flexibility of reef-building O Hoegh-Guldberg, Zande corals in a changing environment. (PhD awarded) S Dove coral paleothermometry techniques. Our research has direct implications for understanding how coral reefs responded to past and current changes in Arnold van UWA Netherlands Wave-driven hydromechanics in coastal canopies. R Lowe Rooijen climate, as well as predicting the future of coral reefs in an era of rapid climate change.” Already, Claire’s research has resulted in the publication of eight Laura Velasquez JCU Colombia Effects of boat noise on parental contributions to the M McCormick, G Jones Jimenez dynamics of coral reef fishes. articles in peer-reviewed journals.

Casey Whalen JCU USA Coral mediation of associated microbial community. D Miller, A Moya Shortly after submitting her PhD, Claire was offered a marine research scientist Adam Wilkinson JCU United The identification of potential links between J Brodie position at the Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Kingdom fibropapillomatosis prevalence in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) and toxic metal contamination along Attractions. She will be working in the Biodiversity and Conservation Science the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Division to research, monitor and conserve benthic marine ecosystems. Claire Jennifer Wilmes JCU Belgium Spatial variation in the density and demography of M Pratchett, A Hoey, has “always been interested in the translation of science to management, newly settled crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. V Messmer solaris). especially given that Australia is an island nation with an incredibly large marine jurisdiction that extends across thousands of kilometres of coast. I Jessica Zamborain JCU Spain Towards the sustainability of coral reef fisheries: a S Connolly, J Cinner Mason functional approach. am very excited about this opportunity to contribute to the management of Western Australia’s important marine ecosystems.” Kim Zoeller JCU South Africa Understanding the production of cultural ecosystem G Cumming, G Gurney services and benefits

Karin Zwiep UQ Netherlands Using DNA to reconstruct past coral reef ecosystems. J Pandolfi

50 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 51 Coral bleaching records of the Great Barrier Reef Two important datasets published in the journal Ecology and in the JCU DIGITAL DATA Tropical Data Hub contain the outputs from aerial surveys conducted in 2016 and 2017 that measured the geographic extent and severity of bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef. Over 1,130 individual reef scores are made public for 2016, and 742 for 2017. The accuracy of the aerial scores was ground-truthed by measuring the extent of bleaching underwater on 104 reefs. The dataset also contains the Degree Heating Weeks (heat stress metric) experienced by each reef, in collaboration with the US National Managed, Connected, Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Discoverable, Reusable Hughes, TP, Kerry, JT and Simpson, T (2018). Large-scale bleaching of corals on the Great Barrier Reef. Ecology 99(2): 501. Hughes, TP, Kerry, JT, Connolly, SR, Baird, AH, Eakin, CM, Heron, SF, Hoey, AS, Hoogenboom, MO, The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies Jacobson, M, Liu, G, Pratchett, M, Skirving, W and Torda, G (2018). Ecological memory modifies is committed to the responsible management of the the cumulative impact of recurrent climate extremes. Nature Climate Change 9: 40-43. substantial digital data generated each year by our researchers. In 2018, we implemented a new policy to further promote the discovery and dissemination of our digital Global conservation planning database: marine proof- research outputs. The policy supports the expectations of-concept articulated in The Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (2018): “the results of publicly funded Systematic conservation planning has increasingly been used to prioritise research activities should be made widely available; and sharing conservation actions, including the design of new protected areas to and communication of research methodology, data and findings achieve conservation objectives. Over the last 10 years, the number of is done openly, responsibly and accurately.” marine planning studies has increased exponentially, yet there is no structured or reliable way to find information on methods, trends, and The ARC Centre continuously provides members with 2018 progress. The Conservation Planning Database project, led by Jorge training in the development and use of databases, HIGHLIGHTS Álvarez-Romero, created a global database to help track the development, catalogues and metadata, to ensure that digital research implementation, and impact of conservation planning, and improve data are retained in a durable, indexed and retrievable scholarship in the field. The developing database currently contains over form at all of the Centre’s nodes. Digital research outputs 150 individual case studies (p17). include digital data sheets, statistical code, NVivo codebooks, Álvarez-Romero, JG, Mills, M, Adams, VM, Gurney, GG, Pressey, RL, Weeks, R, Ban, NC, Cheok, spatial (GIS) data layers, digital databases, sound and video J, Davies, TE, Day, JC, Hamel, MA, Leslie, HM, Magris, RA and Storlie, CJ (2018). Research recordings, and more. Researchers are also trained to upload advances and gaps in marine planning: towards a global database in systematic conservation planning. Biological Conservation 227: 369-382. their data to internal online data repositories, including JCU Tropical Data Hub or ResearchOnline@JCU (JCU); UQ eSpace (UQ); ANU Data Commons (ANU); and UWA Research Repository (UWA). Global gravity of coral reefs

The online data repositories of JCU, UQ, ANU and UWA are The gravity concept is that human interactions with a coral reef are a syndicated with the Australian Research Data Commons, and function of population size moderated by the time it takes to travel to the associated metadata are made available via Research a reef from a village, town or city. Travel time rather than the straight- Data Australia. The ARC Centre has its own interface on line distance is used to account for the differences incurred by travelling the Research Data Australia search portal to make it even around obstacles and over different surfaces, such as water, roads and easier to find our data. More than 40 items were added to tracks. PhD student Eva Maire calculated gravity across every populated the Centre’s search portal in 2018, including unique datasets location in the world within 500km of coral reefs, to generate an impressive on coral bleaching and mortality due to the global warming, spatial (GIS) dataset. Eva was able to estimate the accessibility of global published in Nature, Science and Nature Climate Change. In coral reefs, and found that 58% are located < 30 minutes from the nearest addition to each University node’s online data repositories, human settlement. The dataset was used in 2018 by Joshua Cinner, Eva ARC Centre members regularly share digital data and and colleagues to assess the capacity of marine reserves to deliver key metadata via online repositories and databases (e.g. conservation benefits. They found that only marine reserves in areas of low GenBank, eAtlas, Dryad), data journals (e.g. Scientific Data) human impact consistently sustained top predators (p16).

and journal repositories. Cinner, JE, Maire, E et al (2018). Gravity of human impacts mediates coral reef conservation gains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (27): E6116-E6125.

52 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES PHOTO KATIE SAMBROOK ANNUAL REPORT 2018 53 LINKAGES

2018, eight Centre researchers participated in a Parks Australia (Australian Department of National and International Linkages 4-day scientific consensus workshop to inform the Environment and Energy) Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority’s Outlook Parks Australia, the Federal park agency, Report 2019. Terry Hughes, James Kerry and others manages six Commonwealth national parks, The ARC Centre is continuously expanding its ARC Centre personnel are actively involved on joined GBRMPA managers for presentations, the Australian National Botanic Gardens, and collaborations and interactions with Australian and many editorial boards for international journals. information exchange and discussions at GBRMPA’s . Parks Australia are part international researchers and institutions. These We undertake consultancies worldwide, and our Pre-Summer Reef Health Workshop. Terry Hughes of the Commonwealth environment portfolio, in collaborations help create a global hub for coral reef outreach and media coverage is global (p59). The and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg are members of the the Department of the Environment and Energy. research excellence at the Centre that is increasingly ARC Centre’s researchers are major contributors Independent Expert Panel for the Great Barrier The Director of National Parks is a statutory transdisciplinary. to intergovernmental organisations such as the Reef 2050 Plan, providing advice to GBRMPA, officeholder, charged under the Environment Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the Commonwealth and State of Queensland. Examples in 2018: Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 the World Bank, UNESCO, and the International Alana Grech presented a seminar and briefing (the EPBC Act) with helping to conserve Australia’s •• 306 publications with cross-institutional co- Council for Science (ICSU). Five Centre research to 25 GBRMPA managers on her work assessing biodiversity and cultural heritage. Since 2014, ARC authorship, involving researchers from 440 leaders are Fellows of the Australian Academy of cumulative impacts on coastal seagrasses. In Centre researchers have worked closely with Parks institutions in 79 countries. Science: David Bellwood, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, 2018, several graduate students also engaged with Australia and the Director of National Parks on •• 22 international working groups convened by Terry Hughes, Malcolm McCulloch and Bob Pressey. GBRMPA partners. PhD students Alexia Graba- multiple research projects in the Coral Sea Marine Centre researchers. Malcolm McCulloch is also a Fellow of the Royal Landry and Shannon McMahon received funding Park. The has significant •• The ARC Centre hosted 78 international visitors Society (London). from the GBRMPA’s Reef Guardians Research Grants populations of internationally threatened species, from 27 countries. for their targeted research on the Great Barrier as well as species found nowhere else in the world. •• 126 of our current graduate students were Highlights of some of the ARC Centre’s national and Reef. Research from PhD student Brock Bergseth Director of National Parks, Dr James Findlay, said attracted to Australia from 37 countries (p43), international collaborations in 2018 include: motivated a GBRMPA media campaign to compel in a press release in December 2018, “With a including 70% of our new graduate enrolments. all visitors to the Great Barrier Reef to report management plan coming into effect for the Coral •• The ARC Centre’s fieldwork in 2018 was Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority suspected illegal fishing inside no-fishing zones. Sea for the first time in July this year, it is very conducted in 28 countries. The ARC Centre’s most important end-user in important that we monitor the health of these Australia is GBRMPA, the Australian government The Australian Institute of Marine Science In addition, the ARC Centre has formal international isolated coral reef ecosystems and increase our agency with the primary responsibility of protecting The Australian Institute of Marine Science is the partnership agreements with the Center for Ocean understanding of these amazing places”. The ARC and managing the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine ARC Centre’s major Australian research partner Solutions at Stanford University in the USA, the Centre is leading a three year project to investigate Park and the GBR World Heritage Area. Their task outside of the University sector. AIMS undertakes a International Union for the Conservation of Nature the dynamics of the remote reefs of the Coral Sea is to assess, inform, and implement government range of research on tropical marine environments (IUCN), France’s Centre National de la Recherche Marine Park, commissioned by Parks Australia, policies to maintain the environmental quality and aquaculture, is responsible for the long- Scientific (CNRS), and WorldFish in Malaysia. Centre including the impacts of coral bleaching in 2016 of the Great Barrier Reef. GBRMPA’s partnership term monitoring of the Great Barrier Reef, and researchers also collaborate extensively with four and 2017. In 2018, Morgan Pratchett, Andrew Hoey with the ARC Centre provides them with direct increasingly provides research services to industry, international non-government organisations (NGOs): and Hugo Harrison led three expeditions to survey access to the research expertise of the ARC Centre, including oil and gas companies, government The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the Worldwide Fund reefs across the region. whose research goals are strongly aligned with the agencies, port authorities and other clients and for Nature (WWF), the Wildlife Conservation Society scientific information needs of GBRMPA. GBRMPA partners, particularly in Queensland, Western WorldFish, Malaysia (WCS) and Conservation International (CI). is firmly linked to the ARC Centre’s governance to Australia and the Northern Territory. The AIMS WorldFish is one of the ARC Centre’s longest The ARC Centre’s national and international facilitate research planning and the exchange of Chief Executive Officer, Paul Hardisty, is a member standing and productive international partners. collaborations result in tangible outputs and impacts information and data: GBRMPA’s Chairman is a of the Centre’s Advisory Board and AIMS’ senior WorldFish is an international non-profit research (p6), including the development of multiple trans- member of the Centre’s Advisory Board, and the principal scientist, Janice Lough, is a very active organisation headquartered in Malaysia, engaged disciplinary research projects, cotutelle PhDs, agency’s Chief Scientist, David Wachenfeld, sits on Partner Investigator, working closely with the coral in research for development in Africa, Asia and exchange of researchers, recruitment of co-funded the Scientific Management Committee. GBRMPA bleaching research team in the Centre. AIMS and the Pacific. Its primary aim is to improve food research fellows, and enhanced engagement managers receive regular updates, advice and the ARC Centre share valuable infrastructure, and nutrition security, and reduce poverty for and uptake of our research by end-users around formal and informal briefings on the reef from co-supervise graduate students (18 in 2018) and the 800 million people globally who depend on the world. The links to major partners are clearly ARC Centre researchers. The Centre also is a major co-fund Research Fellows Kristen Anderson and fisheries and aquaculture. The ARC Centre and reflected in the Centre’s governance structure (p64), contributor to technical courses and workshops, Greg Torda. AIMS and ARC Centre researchers WorldFish share a common research interest in and in the performance targets used to measure our providing information and reviewing GBRMPA co-authored an unprecedented 53 papers in 2018 the dynamics and sustainable interaction between collaborative activities and outcomes (p87). reports, education and training. For example, in including key papers in Science and Nature. human societies and coral reef-associated fisheries.

54 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 55 Former Centre PhD student and research fellow, developing countries, particularly in the Coral International visitors in 2018 Pip Cohen is the Research Leader of the global Triangle. In 2018, 78 international visitors were hosted by the ARC Centre of Excellence. program on resilient small-scale fisheries for King Abdullah University of Science and WorldFish, and has been a Partner Investigator in Name Overseas institution Country Name Overseas institution Country Technology, Saudi Arabia the ARC Centre since 2017. During 2018, WorldFish Prof Sigalit Abramovich Ben Gurion University of the Israel Maria Jung Universität Bremen Germany Negev and the ARC Centre continued the implementation The King Abdullah University of Science and Dr Jonathan Lambrechts Universite Catholique de Belgium Prof Neil Adger University of Exeter United Kingdom of the FISH Cluster Research Program in which the Technology (KAUST) is Saudi Arabia’s premiere Louvain Yuichi Akita Okinawa Prefectural Fisheries Japan Ellis Larcombe Swansea University United Kingdom ARC Centre contributes substantially to research coral reef science institution. Its primary focus is Research and Extension on the resilience of coastal fisheries. As part of the developing a scientific basis for sustaining and Center Prof Maria Carmen Lemos University of Michigan United States Diego Alaguarda Aix-Marseille University France FISH CRP collaboration, Joshua Cinner delivered conserving coral reef environments along the Red Dr Steve Lindfield Coral Reef Research Palau Foundation Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. Situated just north of Dr Bridie Allan University of Otago New Zealand a capacity building workshop in Penang and Bruna Luz University of São Paulo Brazil developed a series of video tutorials on how to Jeddah, KAUST has state of the art facilities for both Dr Julia Baum University of Victoria in British Canada Columbia Prof Stéphanie Manel Centre de Fonctionnelle et France field- and laboratory-based coral reef research. Evolutive structure manuscripts, navigate the peer review Dr Andrew Bauman National University of Singapore process and build a portfolio of publications. Centre Director, Terry Hughes, is a member of Singapore Prof David Mouillot University of Montpellier France Mahaut Beghin University of Manur Belgium WorldFish senior scientist David Mills is based in the Advisory Board of KAUST’s Red Sea Research Dr Gerrit Nanninga University of Cambridge United Kingdom Dr Francesca Benzoni University of Milano-Bicocca Italy the ARC Centre at the JCU node, where the Centre Centre. In 2018, the Centre hosted five visitors Charlotte Page Imperial College London United Kingdom from KAUST associated with two large collaborative Prof Michael Berumen King Abdullah University of Saudi Arabia and WorldFish also co-fund two postdoctoral Jeremy Pahler Sup’Biotech - Paris France researchers; in 2018, Andrew Song and Danika projects, being undertaken by Program 3: Genomic Science and Technology Dr Patrick Bixler University of Texas United States Ben Parry-Lemon DePauw University United States Kleiber. Jacqueline Lau, whose research focusses evidence for adaptation of marine fishes to ocean Dr Örjan Bodin Stockholm Resilience Centre Sweden Dr Chiara Pisapia Maldives National University Maldives on coastal fisheries, climate change and nutrition, acidification, and Transcriptional program and the & IUCN Maldives Elena Bogdaniuk Université de Bretange France will join the Centre as a postdoctoral fellow in epigenome of transgenerational acclimation to climate Dr Timothy Ravasi King Abdullah University of Saudi Arabia Occidentale Science and Technology mid-2019. Jacqueline received a Crawford Award in change in reef fishes. In November, Philip Munday, Lucrezia Bonzi King Abdullah University of Saudi Arabia Dr Willem Renema Naturalis Biodiversity Center Netherlands 2018 to conduct research with WorldFish partners Jennifer Donelson and Jodie Rummer hosted a Science and Technology Prof Katrina Brown Exeter University United Kingdom Dr Laura Richardson University of Exeter United Kingdom in Penang and the Solomon Islands. Also in 2018, joint workshop with KAUST in Western Australia to PhD students Sarah Lawless, Sarah Sutcliffe and facilitate this research. Jennifer, based in the ARC Dr Iain Caldwell University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa United States Cyrielle Rigal Universiti Malaysia Malaysia Terengganu Lorie Chapuis Universite de Neuchatel Switzerland Ruby Graham are jointly supervised by Centre Centre, is funded through this partnership. The Dr Sylvain Rigaud Nanyang Technological Singapore University and WorldFish researchers. Ruby Grantham collaboration between the Centre and KAUST led to Prof Douglas Chivers University of Saskatchewan Canada Dr Alice Rogers Victoria University of New Zealand was awarded a Crawford Fellowship to fund her a 2018 publication in Nature Climate Change on the Prof Ratana Chuenpagdee Memorial University of Canada Wellington collaborative work with a WorldFish ACIAR project epigenetic basis of transgenerational acclimation Newfoundland Dr Sonia Rowley University of Hawaii United States Dr Darren Coker King Abdullah University of Saudi Arabia in Timor Leste. This ongoing collaboration creates by fish to ocean warming (p34). Program 3 Science and Technology Antoine Saint-Amand Universite Catholique de Belgium Louvain strong links to end-users, including many inter- researchers John Pandolfi and Peter Mumby also Kristan Cuny-Guirriec Université Paris-Saclay France Hermione Sanderson Swansea University United Kingdom governmental organisations and NGOs, as well as contributed to a cnidarian synthesis project at Dr Martina de Freitas Naturalis Biodiversity Center Netherlands Prazeres Dr Celia Schunter King Abdullah University of Saudi Arabia local communities and the governments of many KAUST. Science and Technology Dr Michelle Devlin Centre for Environment United Kingdom Fisheries and Aquaculture Gail Schwieterman Virginia Institute of Marine United States Science Science Isabel Ender Manta Trust United Kingdom Uzma Shaw Columbia University United States

Dr Louisa Evans University of Exeter United Kingdom Bryce Stewart Environment Department United Kingdom University of York Dr David Feary MRAG United Kingdom Dr Jarek Stolarski Institute of Paleobiology Poland

Prof Maud Ferrari University of Saskatchewan Canada Seth Sykora-Bodie Duke University United States

Dr Joaquim Garrabou Institut de Ciències del Spain Dr Fernanda Terra-Stori Federal University of São Brazil Mar-CSIC Carlos Prof Stefan Gelcich Pontifical Catholic University Chile Danna Titelboim Ben Gurion University of the Israel of Chile Negev Prof Amatzia Genin The Hebrew University Israel Dr Christine Veta Putnis University of Münster Germany

Anna Groen University of Köeln Germany Dr Peter Waldie The Nature Conservancy Papua New Guinea

Dr Angela Guerrero University of Bristol United Kingdom Maya Weis Connecticut College United States

Mollie Gupta Imperial College London United Kingdom Dr Heather Welch University of California Santa United States Cruz and NOAA Prof Emmanuel Hanert Universite Catholique de Belgium Louvain Prof Guojie Zhang BGI and the University of Denmark Copenhagen Johanna Hedlund Stockholm Resilience Centre Sweden Yuyang Zhang South China Sea Institute of China Dr Missaka University of Moratuwa/WWF Sri Lanka Oceanology Hettiararchichi Jia Zhang South China Sea Institute of China Dr Lorien Jasny Exeter University United Kingdom Oceanology Prof Jamaluddin Jompa Hasanuddin University Indonesia Dr Victor Zykov Schmidt Ocean Institute United States

PHOTO NICK EVENSEN 56 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 57 Communication, Media and Public Outreach

In 2018, the expertise of ARC Centre researchers featured a targeted Twitter campaign, generating the continued to be sought by the media, government highest number of monthly ‘Impressions’ for the year and industry, generating a diverse range of impacts at 176,000. The event hashtag #CORAL18 reached (p6). A particular focus this year has been the future trending status within the first few hours of the trajectory of the Great Barrier Reef in the wake of the campaign. Overall, the ARC Centre’s Twitter activity 2016 and 2017 back-to-back coral bleaching event. achieved a record 1.2 million impressions during the One highlight at the beginning of year was the ARC year. Centre’s role in the HRH The Prince of Wales’ global The ARC Centre’s Facebook page, also grew rapidly call to action to save coral reefs, in a speech he in 2018 with a 30% increase in ’Page Likes’. In delivered in February as part of the opening of the collaboration with the Australian Academy of Science, International Year of the Reef. In his highly publicised the Centre delivered a range of video posts to oration, The Prince of Wales referenced two of the promote our most significant research outputs. The ARC Centre’s research papers, published in the most popular of these videos tracked over 100,000 prestigious journal Science one month earlier, in views and was posted on Facebook on 5 January to January 2018. coincide with the release of an ARC Centre-led, high The ARC Centre’s communications program actively impact Science paper. promotes research outcomes through traditional Expansion of the ARC Centre’s video library was a and digital platforms. The Centre’s comprehensive priority activity for communications in 2018. Our and dynamic website recorded 11.9 million hits YouTube channel provided an effective platform to in 2018. The website’s blog, initiated in 2017, improve accessibility and boost user engagement. delivered 26 posts in 2018. The weekly multi-nodal OUTREACH During the 12-month period, the Centre recorded a seminar program hosted 53 presentations this >30% rise in subscribers. year, publicly accessible through the ARC Centre’s YouTube channel. The ARC Centre also supports a robust professional development program in Briefings communication and media training across its four The ARC Centre continues to provide timely and nodes (p43). informative advice and training on relevant coral reef science issues to key stakeholders. In 2018, The annual ARC Centre Coral Reef Futures researchers engaged in 105 briefings across both the Symposium and Public Forum continued to be a public and private sectors. successful event this year, fostering collaborations and collegiality amongst internal and external Regular briefings were delivered to partners at the stakeholders. In 2018 the two-day event was held Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) in Brisbane at the Gallery of Modern Art. The sold- and the Australian Institute of Marine Science. For out Public Forum was hosted by popular media example, Terry Hughes, April Hall, Geoff Jones, presenter, Adam Spencer and featured a panel of Alana Grech, Andrew Hoey, Morgan Pratchett, five of the Centre’s engaging researchers. The ARC Peter Mumby and PhD student Brock Bergseth all Centre crowdsourced the most popular questions for gave briefings to GBRMPA staff during the year, on the Public Forum’s panel and the event was webcast topics such as bleaching response, climate change, through Facebook Live. poaching and inshore monitoring of the Great Barrier Reef. In May, eight ARC Centre researchers were invited to provide input to GBRMPA’s 2019 Outlook Social media Report Science Consensus Workshop. The Centre’s During 2018, the ARC Centre’s digital engagement researchers also provided multiple briefings to continued to expand. The number of Followers of the Parks Australia on the $1 million Coral Sea Monitoring Centre’s Twitter account @CoralCoE grew by 31% to Program, which is led by Morgan Pratchett, Andrew >8,100. The annual Coral Reefs Futures Symposium Hoey and Hugo Harrison. Morgan and Andrew also

PHOTO PETE MUMBY 58 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 59 provided briefings to the Queensland Government an invited public seminar entitled: Coral reefs in a Department of Fisheries on the sustainability of changing world at The University of Western Australia. coral harvesting in the Great Barrier Reef, and on the In August, Morgan Pratchett addressed the local impacts of climate change on coral trout. Jon Brodie Townsville community at the annual Eco-Fiesta provided frequent expert input to the Queensland event, attracting an audience of close to 5,000 and Australian Governments on water quality and residents. Alana Grech participated in a round table catchment management. discussion at James Cook University with former New Zealand Prime Minister, Helen Clark. Verena Schoepf Alana Grech, Sean Connolly, Jodie Rummer, and presented a TEDx talk on super corals and the future PhD student Sam Payet briefed His Excellency Peter of coral reefs in Perth. Verena Schoepf and Morgan Cosgrove, Governor General of Australia in May, Pratchett also gave a public talk at the Professors and as part of the 2018 International Year of the Reef. Pints event held in conjunction with the Australian In October, under the auspices of the Australian Coral Reef Society annual conference in Exmouth, Academy of Science, Terry Hughes, Tiffany Morrison, Western Australia. Graeme Cumming and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg delivered a briefing on climate change and the Great The ARC Centre continues to be a significant Barrier Reef to Senators and members of the House supporter of the Aboriginals and Torres Strait of Representatives at Parliament House, in Canberra. Islanders in Marine Science (ATSIMS) program, PHOTO CAMILLE GRIMALDI initiated by alumnus Joseph Pollock in 2013. In 2018, Internationally, the Centre’s researchers provided the Centre sponsored the delivery of five program and Oceanography, AMOS-ICSHMO 2018 in Sydney, Several of the articles were syndicated in media expert advice to a range of organisations across the modules to fifty-one Year 9 and 10 Indigenous and Huntsman Medal plenary seminar, at the outlets across the globe with a combined reach of globe. For example, in January, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg students from six north Queensland secondary Bedford Oceanographic Institute, in Nova Scotia. Ove close to half a million people. Examples of 2018 attended commemorations for the International Year schools. In addition, PhD student Danielle Asson- Hoegh-Guldberg presented a plenary address at the of the Reef alongside HRH The Prince of Wales, and in Batzel represented the ARC Centre as an ATSIMS articles include: World Ocean Summit in Mexico. Alana Grech gave April he briefed participants at the Intergovernmental 2018 Ambassador, providing real-world advice and Emilie Ens and Alana Grech. Indigenous ranger the opening address and keynote talk at the World Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1.5 Impact Meeting inspiration to the students. programs are working in Queensland – they should be Seagrass Conference, Singapore and Tiffany Morrison held in Botswana, Africa. In June, Terry Hughes expanded. 15 January 2018. https://theconversation. The ARC Centre is committed to gender equity. delivered a keynote address at the Boundary briefed His Highness Prince Albert II of Monaco on com/indigenous-ranger-programs-are-working-in- In October 2018, the ARC Centre was a partner in Spanning: Advances in Socio-Environmental Systems the Centre’s climate change research. In September, queensland-they-should-be-expanded-89766 the 7th Global conference on gender in aquaculture Georgina Gurney travelled to Cuba to present her Research symposium in Annapolis, USA. Joshua and fisheries, held in Bangkok. Program 1 research Cinner delivered a keynote talk at the International expertise in monitoring the impacts of marine Georgina Gurney. Citizens of the Great Barrier Reef: fellow Danika Kleiber, leading the communications Marine Conservation Congress in Kuching, Malaysia. protected areas on human well-being to the Wildlife going beyond our backyard to protect the reef. 9 March committee for the conference, presented a special Yves-Marie Bozec was an invited plenary speaker Conservation Society. 2018. https://theconversation.com/citizens-of-the- workshop on gender equity in small scale fisheries. at the North Pacific Marine Science Organization great-barrier-reef-going-beyond-our-backyard-to- (PICES) 2018 annual meeting and Peter Mumby also protect-the-reef-86858 Public talks and school outreach Many of the Centre’s researchers including Aleksey presented an invited plenary at the 4th Asia Pacific Sadekov, Jennifer Donelson, Peter Cowman, Verena Jon Brodie. $500 million for the Great Barrier Reef is Public engagement and outreach of the ARC Centre’s Coral Reef Symposium. Philip Munday was an invited Schoepf, Georgina Gurney and Maja Adamska also welcome, but we need a sea change in tactics too. 3 May research is a core activity of the organisation. In keynote speaker at the Gordon Research Conference directly engaged with schools across the country and 2018. https://theconversation.com/500-million-for- 2018, Centre researchers participated in 70 outreach on Ocean Global Change Biology in New Hampshire, overseas to promote STEM research. the-great-barrier-reef-is-welcome-but-we-need-a- events and public talks, collectively reaching an USA. Michael Kingsford presented a plenary address sea-change-in-tactics-too-95875 estimated audience of 1.1 million. For example, on his receipt of the K Radway Allen Award at the in February, Terry Hughes joined a distinguished Plenary talks Australian Society for Fish Biology Conference in Samantha Tol, Alana Grech, Paul York and Rob Coles. panel of international experts in weather, climate In 2018, ARC Centre researchers delivered 42 Melbourne and Jennifer Donelson also presented and poo sheds new light on the Great and marine science in a public forum entitled Myth- keynote addresses at events hosted across the a plenary address. In addition, Graeme Cumming Barrier Reef’s seagrass meadows. 25 May 2018. https:// busting Climate Change. The event was associated globe. For example, Terry Hughes was a keynote delivered a keynote address at the Australian Coral theconversation.com/dugong-and-sea-turtle- with an international symposium co-hosted in Sydney speaker in Berlin at the prestigious Falling Walls Reef Society Conference held in Exmouth, Western poo-sheds-new-light-on-the-great-barrier-reefs- by the Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic International Conference on Future Breakthroughs in Australia. seagrass-meadows-95143 Society and the American Meteorological Society, Science and Society. His talk ’How reef management Sarah Sutcliffe and Michele Barnes. Shark which attracted 600 researchers from 28 different can secure our oceans for future generations’ was The Conversation tourism can change your mind about these much- countries. In March, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg addressed globally accessible through the event’s live webcast The ARC Centre regularly publishes original research- maligned predators. 7 September 2018. https:// a packed auditorium at the University of Hawai’i and subsequent YouTube promotion. Terry also based articles and commentaries using the popular theconversation.com/shark-tourism-can- as part of a special screening of the film Chasing delivered a keynote talk at the 12th International online media resource, The Conversation. In 2018, change-your-mind-about-these-much-maligned- Coral. Also in March, Malcolm McCulloch delivered Conference for Southern Hemisphere Meteorology nine ARC Centre researchers published eight articles. predators-102766

60 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 61 Media and Altmetrics The Verge – Plastic pollution is making corals sick, The Guardian – Great Barrier Reef: 30% of coral died in WIN TV Network News – Apathy towards poachers J Lamb, 26 January 2018 https://www.theverge. ‘catastrophic’ 2016 heatwave, T Hughes, 19 April 2018 widespread in world’s marine protected areas, G Gurney In 2018, the ARC Centre developed and distributed com/2018/1/25/16929004/plastic-pollution-coral- https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/ and M Barnes, 15 August 2018 36 media releases, generating 9,711 news items reefs-disease-bleaching-climate-change apr/19/great-barrier-reef-30-of-coral-died-in- and commentaries, a record for the Centre. On CNN International – ‘Saving Nemo’: how Australian catastrophic-2016-heatwave average, Centre researchers and/or research were Australian Women’s Weekly – Beautiful Australia: schools are protecting the clownfish, J Rummer, 24 referenced in media articles 26 times per day. The women of the Reef, J Rummer, February 2018 India Times – In last 2 Years, half of all coral in the August 2018 https://us.cnn.com/2018/08/23/world/ saving-nemo-clownfish/index.html ARC Centre’s news generated global interest in 2018 BBC Radio 4 – Costing the Earth: ‘Coral versus Coal’, Great Barrier Reef has died due to global warming, and was featured across multiple platforms – digital, T Morrison and O Hoegh-Guldberg, 7 March 2018 A Baird, 20 April 2018 https://www.indiatimes. Firstpost.com (India) – Scientists have gone beyond TV, radio and print, and in many of the world’s most https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b09tds6z com/news/world/in-last-2-years-half-of-all-coral- finding Nemo, they’ve now mapped its entire genome, P prominent news outlets such as the BBC, Washington in-the-great-barrier-reef-has-died-due-to-global- Munday, 12 September 2018 https://www.firstpost. ABC North West – Coral reefs protect coasts from Post, The Straits Times, Newsweek, Time and Forbes. warming-343851.html com/tech/science/scientists-have-gone-beyond- severe storms, M Cuttler, 04 April 2018 finding-nemo-theyve-now-mapped-its-entire- Altmetric scores provide a metric of the attention VICE News Tonight on HBO – Australians can’t LA Times – Corals on Great Barrier Reef will never be genome-5167031.html paid to a research publication by tracking the media, agree on how to save the Great Barrier Reef, T Hughes the same after back-to-back heat waves, scientists say, Twitter, Facebook, blogs, and other online sources. 2 May 2018 https://video.vice.com/en_us/video/ SBS News – There’s more than one: Australia’s other T Hughes, 18 April 2018 http://www.latimes.com/ This year, Altmetric tracked and scored 2.8 million australians-cant-agree-on-how-to-save-the-great- great (and threatened) coral reefs, V Schoepf, 9 October science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-great-barrier-reef- research outputs. Two ARC Centre publications barrier-reef/5ae113eaf1cdb30f693e8bf1 2018 https://www.sbs.com.au/news/there-s-more- corals-20180418-story.html were listed in The Altmetric Top 100 for 2018. In than-one-australia-s-other-great-and-threatened- ninth place was the 19 April Nature paper ‘Global ABC Radio National – Small reef fish: born athletic TIME Magazine – Extreme heatwaves killed half of coral-reefs warming transforms coral reef assemblages’ which champions, J Rummer and A Downie, 1 June 2018 the Great Barrier Reef’s coral in two years, study says, triggered 8,819 tweets, reaching an audience of 14.1 http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/ Newsweek – Ancient flesh-eating piranha-like fish that T Hughes, 19 April 2018 http://time.com/5246117/ million Twitter followers. The twenty-eighth most scienceshow/small-reef-fish---born-athletic- lived alongside dinosaurs discovered, D Bellwood, 19 great-barrier-reef-coral-global-warming/ talked about paper in 2018 was published by Centre champions/9825952 October 2018 https://www.newsweek.com/ancient- researchers in Science on 5 January. It recorded 6,918 flesh-eating-piranha-fish-lived-alongside-dinosaurs- Nine News – Perth – Australian scientists The Independent – Coral reef growth ‘already failing tweets, with an audience of 12.3 million followers. discovered-1175875 unlocking key to save world’s coral reefs, V Schoepf, to keep pace with sea level rise’, study says, P Mumby, Both papers were also featured in the Top 10 Climate 22 May 2018 https://www.9news.com.au/ 14 June 2018 https://www.independent.co.uk/ ECO Magazine – The Conservation Planning Papers of 2018 reported by Carbon Brief. national/2018/05/20/21/45/australian-scientists- environment/coral-reef-sea-level-rise-climate- Database, J Álvarez-Romero, Nov/Dec unlocking-key-to-save-world-s-reefs Additional media highlights throughout 2018 include: change-global-warming-great-barrier-a8397591. 2018 http://digital.ecomagazine.com/ NewsDeeply – The hidden coral crisis: loss of fish html publication/?i=543413&p=&pn=#{%22issue_ The Washington Post – Coral reefs are bleaching diversity after bleaching strikes, L Richardson, 10 id%22:543413,%22page%22:42} four times as frequently as they did in the 1980s, Cina.org.cn – Frigid polar oceans hot spots for species April 2018 https://www.newsdeeply.com/oceans/ scientists say, T Hughes, 4 January 2018 https://www. formation of marine fishes:study, P Cowman, 6 July, Times Higher Education – Interview with articles/2018/04/10/the-hidden-coral-crisis-loss-of- washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/ http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2018- Terry Hughes, 6 December 2018 https://www. fish-diversity-after-bleaching-strikes wp/2018/01/04/the-worlds-coral-reefs-used-to- 07/06/content_55139616.htm timeshighereducation.com/people/interview-terry- bleach-once-every-few-decades-now-its-once- hughes Agence France Presse – Daily Mail - Researchers ABC News – Rats are wreaking havoc on our coral every-6-years find ‘catastrophic’ coral die-off on Great Barrier Reef, reefs and reducing fish numbers, A Hoey, 12 July 2018 The Strait Times (Singapore) – Great Barrier Reef T Hughes, 19 April 2018 http://www.dailymail. BBC News – Coral reefs head for ‘knock-out punch,’ T https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2018-07-12/ resilient to spikes in temperatures: study, T Hughes, 11 co.uk/wires/afp/article-5632399/Researchers- Hughes, 5 January 2018 http://www.bbc.com/news/ pests-rats-damaging-coral-reefs-great-barrier- December 2018, https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/ catastrophic-coral-die-Great-Barrier-Reef.html science-environment-42571484 reef/9957628 australianz/great-barrier-reef-resilient-to-spikes-in- temperatures-study CNET UK – Great Barrier Reef ‘cooked’ by extreme IFL Science – Coral reefs are recovering poorly from National Geographic – Window to save world’s temperatures: report, T Hughes, 19 April 2018 https:// disasters and deep reefs can’t help, P Mumby, 21 July coral reefs closing rapidly, T Hughes, 5 January 2018 www.cnet.com/uk/news/great-barrier-reef-cooked- 2018 https://www.iflscience.com/environment/ https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/01/ by-extreme-water-temperatures-report/ coral-reefs-are-recovering-poorly-from-disasters- coral-bleaching-reefs-climate-change-el-nino- and-deep-reefs-cant-help/ environment/ HUFFPOST – The Great Barrier Reef has been forever changed by global warming, scientists warn, T Hughes, USA Today – Coral reefs under siege: frequency of 19 April 2018 https://www.huffingtonpost.com. bleaching has increased almost fivefold since the ‘80s, T au/entry/great-barrier-reef-climate-change_ Hughes, 5 January 2018 https://www.usatoday.com/ us_5ad7c741e4b0e4d0715cfede story/tech/science/2018/01/04/coral-reefs-under- siege-frequency-bleaching-has-increased-almost- fivefold-since-80-s/1003407001/

62 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 63 Governance

The ARC Centre’s governance structure engages University, and at the Centre’s other university nodes. Centre Advisory Board Membership of the Centre Advisory Board: key stakeholders in planning, research program Partner Investigators are based at the Australian Dr Brian Walker FAA (Chair) The Centre Advisory Board provides high-level development and knowledge transfer, reflecting Institute of Marine Science, the Great Barrier Reef Honorary Research Fellow strategic advice to the Centre Director, and facilitates its strategic priorities. Responsibilities and terms Marine Park Authority and in leading international CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences and advises on strengthening linkages between the of reference at each level of governance are clearly research institutions (p54). Adjunct researchers (p70) Centre, stakeholders, government and industry. The defined and effective. based in institutions in Australia and overseas make a Dr Neil Andrew Centre Director and Chief Operations Officer provide significant contribution to the Centre’s research. Regional Director James Cook University is the Administering the link between the Centre Advisory Board, the WorldFish Organisation with Centre Director, Terry Hughes, The Centre’s two principal governance committees Scientific Management Committee (SMC) and Centre Malaysia reporting directly to the Provost, Professor Chris are the Centre Advisory Board and the Scientific operations. Cocklin. Operations are managed by the Chief Management Committee. Both committees are Distinguished Professor Terry Hughes FAA Distinguished international researcher Professor Operations Officer, Jennifer Lappin, in consultation chaired by an eminent international researcher and Centre Director Brian Walker FAA, is current Chair of the Board. with the Centre Director and Assistant Director, Alana provided with administrative support by Jennifer ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies Brian brings enormous experience and knowledge Grech. Business support is provided by staff of the Lappin, as Secretary. The Centre also supports two of interdisciplinary research as a former Chief of Margaret Johnson Centre’s nodes at The Australian National University, additional committees run by Centre graduate Australia’s CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Ecology. General Manager, Policy and Stewardship The University of Queensland and The University of students and early career researchers. These Membership of the Centre’s Board in 2018 reflects Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Western Australia. committees contribute to the career development the Centre’s strong multi-disciplinary research (Delegate of Dr Russell Reichelt, Chair) and mentoring of these two integral components The diagram below summarises the Centre’s activities and includes the Chief Executive Officer of of the Centre’s personnel, and are responsible for Dr Britta Schaffelke governance structure and relationships. The Centre AIMS, the Chair of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park the organisation of annual retreats and training Research Program Leader, A Healthy and Sustainable Director oversees the Centre’s research programs and Authority, a senior representative from WorldFish workshops for early career researchers (p43). An Great Barrier Reef liaises regularly with the two Deputy Directors, Ove and an independent senior university leader. informal group, comprising all of the Centre’s female Australian Institute of Marine Science Hoegh-Guldberg (UQ) and Malcolm McCulloch (UWA). staff, also provides mentoring and general support to The ARC Centre of Excellence congratulates Brian (Delegate of Dr Paul Hardisty, Chief Executive Officer) Chief Investigators, research fellows and students female ECRs and students. Walker on being awarded Japan’s 2018 prestigious are located across three Divisions of James Cook Professor Mandy Thomas Blue Planet Prize in recognition of his ‘significant Executive Dean, Creative Industries Faculty, influence on the development of the concept of Queensland University of Technology resilience in social-ecological systems’ and its impact CENTRE ADVISORY BOARD on solving global environmental problems. Scientific Management Committee In 2018, long standing member Neil Andrew retired from WorldFish and the Centre’s Board. We sincerely The ARC Centre’s Scientific Management Committee thank him for his informed contributions and wise (SMC) is responsible for high level operational Mentoring and Career Centre Director Business Team Development Committees counsel for this Centre since its establishment decisions and stewardship of the Centre’s scientific Terry Hughes • Chief Operations Officer in 2014. We wish Neil every success in his new research program. The Committee is chaired • Assistant Director Professorial position at the Australian National Centre by distinguished social scientist and pioneer of • Communications Manager interdisciplinary research, Professor Katrina Brown • Finance Manager/Graduate for Ocean Resources and Security at the University of from the University of Exeter, UK (p67). Other Scientific Management Coordinator Wollongong. Committee • Office/KPI Manager members are the Deputy Directors of the Centre, • Administrative Officer The Board met formally on 18th July in Brisbane and leaders of each of the Centre’s Research Programs, Deputy Directors informally by videoconference on 14th December. A Program Leaders the Centre’s current Australian Laureate Fellows and Laureate Fellows key focus for the Board during 2018 was providing the Chief Scientist of the Great Barrier Reef Marine advice on the new ARC Centre of Excellence Park Authority. Expression of Interest and preparing the Centre for longer term business continuity post ARC Centre of The SMC met formally three times in 2018, twice Program 1 Program 2 Program 3 Excellence funding. We sincerely thank the members in Townsville and once in Brisbane. A number of People and Ecosystem Dynamics: Past, Responding to a of the Board for generously sharing their time, additional informal meetings were held to prepare Ecosystems Present & Future Changing World expertise and advice. an Expression of Interest for Centre of Excellence Terry Hughes Sean Connolly Maja Adamska funding from 2020. Continuing priorities in 2018 Tiffany Morrison John Pandolfi Mia Hoogenboom were research planning associated with the 2016 Bob Pressey Verena Schoepf Ryan Lowe and 2017 back-to-back bleaching on the Great

64 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 65 Barrier Reef. Members of the SMC continue to take Distinguished Professor Bob Pressey FAA a key role in providing advice to the Queensland Leader, Research Program 1 Honorary doctorate punctuates an and Australian Governments on the Reef 2050 Long- James Cook University extraordinary career Term Sustainability Plan. Other priorities included

fostering outstanding transdisciplinary research Professor Sean Connolly Leader, Research Program 2 across the Centre’s research programs and nodes, Chair of the ARC Centre’s Scientific Management Committee, Professor James Cook University and recruiting high-quality postdoctoral fellows and Katrina (Kate) Brown, a distinguished environmental social scientist, was awarded an honorary doctorate from Wageningen University, a students. Professor John Pandolfi leading Dutch university, on 9 March as part of the University’s centenary Leader, Research Program 2 Each Program Leader manages their research celebrations. University of Queensland program through regular planning and review meetings with the research and student members Kate specialises in how individuals and communities in developing countries Dr Verena Schoepf HONOUR cope with climate change. She has served as a key member of the ARC of their program. Budgetary allocations for the Leader, Research Program 2 Centre’s leadership team and as the Chair of the Scientific Management research programs are agreed by the SMC. The University of Western Australia SMC reallocates program-level funds in view of the Committee since 2014. Centre’s changing research and activity priorities. Associate Professor Maja Adamska “I am absolutely thrilled to be awarded an honorary doctorate from Cross-Program research is facilitated by the Leader, Research Program 3 Wageningen University,” said Professor Brown. overlapping membership of programs, and by the Australian National University Centre’s annual symposium and associated planning “I’ve been so fortunate to work with so many inspirational scientists Associate Professor Mia Hoogenboom activities. during my career and I’ve learned a lot from students, colleagues and co- Leader, Research Program 3 researchers. I believe wholeheartedly that the best science is collaborative James Cook University and that the most useful knowledge is co-developed and co-produced Membership of the Scientific Management Professor Ryan Lowe across disciplines, fields and with stakeholders.” Committee: Leader, Research Program 3 Professor Katrina Brown (Chair) “To tackle the pressing problems of rapid change in the Anthropocene University of Western Australia Chair in Social Science we need to give voice to multiple knowledges and create space for University of Exeter Professor Malcolm McCulloch FAA FRS transformative solutions. I’m looking forward to continuing work with United Kingdom ARC Australian Laureate Fellow the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies to develop our joint University of Western Australia research agenda and address critical challenges facing coral reefs around Distinguished Professor Terry Hughes FAA the world, and the many different communities who depend on them – Centre Director and Leader, Research Program 1 Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg FAA directly and indirectly.” James Cook University ARC Australian Laureate Fellow and Deputy Director University of Queensland She added, “I’m honoured to be only the fourth woman to be awarded an Associate Professor Tiffany Morrison honorary doctorate in Wageningen’s 100-year history.” Leader, Research Program 1 Dr David Wachenfeld James Cook University Chief Scientist A total of 58 honorary doctorates have been bestowed by Wageningen Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority University between 1918 and 2018.

PHOTO NICK EVENSEN 66 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 67 Membership

In 2018, the ARC Centre’s membership comprised: 73 and Kennedy Wolfe. For the third consecutive year, Dr Hugo Harrison Professor Malcolm Dr George Roff Dr Sue-Ann Watson Chief Investigators, Research Fellows and Associates; the Centre achieved its goal of 50:50 gender equity in Discovery Early Career McCulloch Research Fellow Research Fellow Researcher Award (DECRA) Deputy Director, ARC University of Queensland James Cook University and 29 Partner Investigators, resident international research fellow recruitment. James Cook University Australian Laureate Fellow Queensland Museum scholars and adjunct researchers; and 176 research Dr Cristian Rojas We also farewelled a number of researchers who University of Western students (p45). Eleven of the Centre’s Research Dr Karlo Hock Australia Research Fellow Dr Rebecca Weeks have taken up new positions elsewhere, extending Fellows were funded by ARC Fellowships (Australian Research Fellow James Cook University Research Fellow the ARC Centre’s network of alumni collaborators: Laureate, Future and DECRA) and one by an Advance University of Queensland Dr Mike McWilliam James Cook University Dorothea Bender-Champ, Michael Bode, Pim Research Associate Associate Professor Queensland Fellowship. Professor Ove Hoegh- Jodie Rummer Dr Kennedy Wolfe Bongaerts, Pip Cohen, Christopher Cornwall, François James Cook University Guldberg Research Fellow Research Associate In 2018, the ARC Centre welcomed 12 new Research Dufois, Sofia Fortunato, Vimoksalehi Lukoschek, Deputy Director, ARC Dr Oliver Mead James Cook University University of Queensland Fellows and Associates: Natalia Andrade-Rodriguez, Andrew Pomeroy, Heather Veilleux, Julie Vercelloni Australian Laureate Fellow Research Associate Severine Choukroun, Kay Critchell, Rebecca Green, and Rebecca Weeks. We wish them well in their University of Queensland Australian National Professor Garry Russ Resident International Chief Investigator Karlo Hock, Danika Kleiber, Robert Mason, Michael continuing research careers. University Scholars Dr Andrew Hoey James Cook University McWilliam, Oliver Mead, Tim Staples, Erin Vaughn, Research Fellow Dr Vanessa Messmer Dr Pip Cohen James Cook University Research Associate Dr Aleksey Sadekov Program Leader James Cook University Research Fellow WorldFish, Malaysia Associate Professor University of Western Mia Hoogenboom Professor David Miller Australia Dr Gal Eyal Chief Investigator Chief Investigator Marie Curie Fellow Chief Investigators and Research Fellows James Cook University James Cook University Dr Eugenia Sampayo Israel Research Fellow Professor Geoffrey Jones Associate Professor University of Queensland Dr Joaquim Garrabou Professor Terry Hughes Dr Dorothea Bender-Champ Professor Sean Connolly Dr Jennifer Donelson Chief Investigator Tiffany Morrison Senior Research Fellow Centre Director Research Fellow Chief Investigator Research Fellow James Cook University Chief Investigator Dr Verena Schoepf Institut de Ciències del Mar, James Cook University University of Queensland James Cook University James Cook University James Cook University Research Fellow Spain Professor Michael Kingsford University of Western Associate Professor Dr Michael Bode Dr Christopher Cornwall Associate Professor Chief Investigator Dr Aurélie Moya Australia Dr Björn Illing Maja Adamska ARC Future Fellow Research Fellow Sophie Dove James Cook University Research Fellow Deutscher Akademischer ARC Future Fellow James Cook University University of Western Chief Investigator James Cook University Dr Andrew Song Austauschdienst (DAAD) Australian National Australia University of Queensland Dr Danika Kleiber Research Fellow German Academic University Dr Pim Bongaerts Research Fellow Professor Peter Mumby James Cook University and Exchange Service scholar, Discovery Early Career Dr Peter Cowman Dr François Dufois James Cook University and Chief Investigator WorldFish, Malaysia Germany Dr Jorge Álvarez-Romero Researcher Award (DECRA) Discovery Early Career Research Fellow WorldFish, Malaysia University of Queensland Research Fellow University of Queensland Researcher Award (DECRA) University of Western Dr Tim Staples Dr Laurence McCook James Cook University James Cook University Australia Dr Nils Krueck Professor Philip Munday Research Fellow South China Sea Institute of Dr Yves-Marie Bozec Research Fellow ARC Future Fellow University of Queensland Oceanology, China Dr Kristen Anderson Research Fellow Dr Kay Critchell Dr Sofia Fortunato University of Queensland James Cook University Research Fellow University of Queensland Research Associate Research Fellow Dr Greg Torda Dr David Mills James Cook University University of Queensland James Cook University Professor Ryan Lowe Professor John Pandolfi Research Fellow Research Fellow and Australian Institute of Dr Tom Bridge Chief Investigator Chief Investigator James Cook University WorldFish, Malaysia Marine Science Discovery Early Career Professor Graeme Dr Alana Grech University of Western University of Queensland and Australian Institute of Researcher Award (DECRA) Cumming Research Fellow Australia Marine Science Dr Ignasi Montero-Serra Professor Andrew Baird James Cook University and Research Fellow James Cook University Dr Andrew Pomeroy Endeavour Fellow Chief Investigator Queensland Museum James Cook University Dr Vimoksalehi Lukoschek Research Fellow Dr Erin Vaughn University of Barcelona, James Cook University Dr Rebecca Green Discovery Early Career University of Western Research Fellow Spain Professor Jon Brodie Dr Thomas DeCarlo Research Associate Researcher Award (DECRA) Australia Australian National Dr Natalia Andrade- Research Fellow Research Fellow University of Western James Cook University University Dr Fernanda Terra Stori Rodriguez James Cook University University of Western Australia Professor Morgan Pratchett Fundação de Amparo à Research Associate Australia Dr Robert Mason Chief Investigator Dr Heather Veilleux Pesquisa do Estado de São James Cook University Dr Severine Choukroun Dr Georgina Gurney Research Associate James Cook University Research Fellow Paulo (FAPESP) scholar, Research Associate Dr Juan Pablo D’Olivo Research Fellow University of Queensland James Cook University Brazil Dr Michele Barnes James Cook University Cordero James Cook University Professor Bob Pressey Research Fellow Research Fellow Professor Mark McCormick Chief Investigator Dr Julie Vercelloni Dr Sharon Wismer James Cook University Professor Joshua Cinner University of Western Dr April Hall Chief Investigator James Cook University Research Associate Postdoctoral Fellow ARC Future Fellow Australia Advance Queensland James Cook University University of Queensland Swiss National Science Professor David Bellwood James Cook University Research Fellow Chief Investigator James Cook University Foundation Switzerland

James Cook University

68 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 69 Partner Investigators Dr Tim McClanahan Dr Maria Gomez-Cabrera Business Team and Adjunct Wildlife Conservation University of Queensland Publications Society, Kenya Jennifer Lappin Researchers Dr David Hayward Chief Operations Officer Professor Stephen Palumbi Australian National James Cook University Dr Vanessa Adams Stanford University, USA University University of Tasmania In 2018, researchers from the ARC Centre of Hughes, TP, Anderson, KD, Connolly, SR, Heron, SF, Kerry, JT, Lough, Dr Alana Grech JM, Baird, AH, Baum, JK, Berumen, ML, Bridge, TC, Claar, DC, Dr Serge Planes Sarah Hazell Pickering Assistant Director Excellence produced 383 publications, comprising Dr Neil Andrew Eakin, CM, Gilmour, JP, Graham, NAJ, Harrison, H, Hobbs, J-P, University of Perpignan, Australian National 354 journal articles, 2 books, 18 book chapters, and 9 Hoey, AS, Hoogenboom, M, Lowe, RJ, McCulloch, MT, Pandolfi, WorldFish, Malaysia James Cook University France University reports. Since 2014, journal article publications have JM, Pratchett, M, Schoepf, V, Torda, G and Wilson, SK (2018). Olga Bazaka Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Professor Serge Andréfouët increased 25%, exceeding one each day. Anthropocene. Science 359(6371): 80-83. Professor Madeleine van Cindy Huchery Finance Manager and Institut de Recherche pour Altmetric 2972 (77 news outlets, Tweeted by 3174, ranked #28 in Oppen James Cook University Graduate Coordinator le Développement, New Centre researchers published 155 articles in journals the Altmetric Top 100 of 2018). University of Melbourne James Cook University Kölbl-Ebert, M, Ebert, M, Bellwood, DR and Schulbert, C. (2018). A Caledonia Mizue Jacobson with an Impact Factor greater than four, including piranha-like pycnodontiform fish from the late jurassic. Current Dr David Wachenfeld James Cook University Dr Mary Bonin Dr Rose Berdin 33 in prestige journals – Nature and other Nature Biology 28(21): 3516-3521 e2. Great Barrier Reef Marine Great Barrier Reef Marine University of Western journals, Science, the Trends journals, Genome Biology, Altmetric 796 (80 news outlets, Tweeted by 95). Park Authority Dr James Kerry Australia Park Authority Biological Reviews, Science Advances, ISME Journal and Graham N, Wilson S, Carr P, Hoey A, Jennings S and MacNeil M James Cook University (2018). Seabirds enhance coral reef productivity and functioning in Dr Peter Waldie Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The the absence of invasive rats. Nature 559(7713): 250-253. Dr Ciemon Caballes Vivian Doherty The Nature Conservancy Ayla Manwaring Events Co-ordinator and KPI average Impact Factor for all 354 journal articles in Altmetric 795 (36 news outlets, Tweeted by 663). Ultra Coral Australia Australian National Officer 2018 was 5.9. The Centre’s research outputs were Cinner, JE, Maire, E, Huchery, C, Aaron MacNeil, M, Graham, NAJ, Professor David Yellowlees University Mora, C, McClanahan, TR, Barnes, ML, Kittinger, JN, Hicks, CC, Dr Louisa Evans James Cook University Emeritus Professor published this year in a total of 136 journal titles, D’Agata, S, Hoey, AS, Gurney, GG, Feary, DA, Williams, ID, Kulbicki, Exeter University, United M, Vigliola, L, Wantiez, L, Edgar, GJ, Stuart-Smith, RD, Sandin, Joanne Moneghetti Rosanna Griffith-Mumby spanning many fields of research and reflecting the Kingdom James Cook University SA, Green, A, Hardt, MJ, Beger, M, Friedlander, AM, Wilson, SK, Administrative Officer multidisciplinary breadth of the Centre’s activities. Brokovich, E, Brooks, AJ, Cruz-Motta, JJ, Booth, DJ, Chabanet, P, Graduate Students University of Queensland Gough, C, Tupper, M, Ferse, SCA, Rashid Sumaila, U, Pardede, S Professor Nick Graham Dr Alison Paley Lancaster University, United (see page 45) According to Scopus, Centre researchers were cited and Mouillot, D (2018). Gravity of human impacts mediates coral James Cook University reef conservation gains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Kingdom Catherine Naum 45,461 times in 2018, 26 researchers were cited more Communications Manager Sciences of the United States of America 115(27): E6116-E6125. Kai Rankenburg than 500 times each and 17 had more than 1000 Altmetric 436 (12 news outlets, Tweeted by 498). Dr Alison Green James Cook University Research Support Staff University of Western citations. Perry, CT, Alvarez-Filip, L, Graham, NAJ, Mumby, PJ, Wilson, SK, The Nature Conservancy Kench, PS, Manzello, DP, Morgan, KM, Slangen, ABA, Thomson, Australia Janet Swanson Dr Rene Abesamis DP, Januchowski-Hartley, F, Smithers, SG, Steneck, RS, Carlton, Dr Richard Hamilton Administrative Officer The 7 articles published in 2018 that received the James Cook University Dr Maya Srinivasan R, Edinger, EN, Enochs, IC, Estrada-Saldívar, N, Haywood, MDE, James Cook University Kolodziej, G, Murphy, GN., Pérez-Cervantes, E, Suchley, A, The Nature Conservancy James Cook University highest Altmetric scores for ARC Centre publications Valentino, L, Boenish, R, Wilson, M and MacDonald, C (2018). Loss Dr Nitin Bhatia were: Dr Tess Hempson Hayley Ware of coral reef growth capacity to track future increases in sea level. James Cook University Jane Tan Nature 558(7710): 396-400. Oceans Without Borders Project Officer Hughes, TP, Kerry, JT, Baird, AH, Connolly, SR, Dietzel, A, Eakin, Australian National Altmetric 309 (Tweeted by 331). University of Queensland CM, Heron, SF, Hoey, AS, Hoogenboom, MO, Liu, G, McWilliam, Joshua Biggs University Professor Christina Hicks MJ, Pears, RJ, Pratchett, MS, Skirving, WJ, Stella, JS and Torda, G Cinner, JE, Adger, WN, Allison, EH, Barnes, ML, Brown, K, Cohen, University of Queensland PJ, Gelcich, S, Hicks, CC, Hughes, TP, Lau, J, Marshall, NA and Lancaster University, United (2018). Global warming transforms coral reef assemblages. Nature Sterling Tebbett 556(7702): 492-496. Morrison, TH (2018). Building adaptive capacity to climate change Kingdom Carlin Bowyer James Cook University Altmetric 4349 (179 news outlets, Tweeted by 4496, ranked #9 in in tropical coastal communities. Nature Climate Change 8(2): 117- University of Western the Altmetric Top 100 of 2018). 123. Dr Anne Hoggett (10 news outlets, Tweeted by 319). Australia Cassy Thompson Altmetric 287 Lizard Island Research James Cook University Station Dr Dani Ceccarelli James Cook University Dr Annamieke Van Den 2018 Publications Professor Janice Lough Heuvel Australian Institute of Aaron Chai University of Queensland Marine Science University of Queensland Book (2) sponge cells. In: Kloc and evidence for increased role in reef resilience. M, KJZ. (ed). Results coral bleaching stress. In: In: Hoey, A and Bonaldo, 1. Hoey, A and Bonaldo, Dr David Williamson and problems in cell Van Oppen, MJ and Lough, RM. (eds). Biology of RM (2018). Biology of James Cook University differentiation, Springer, J. (eds). Coral bleaching parrotfishes, CRC Press, parrotfishes. CRC Press, 229-253 pp. - patterns, processes, 383-406 pp. Boca Raton, Florida, 1-417 causes and consequences, pp. 2. Burkepile, D, Rasher, 6. Hoey, A (2018). Feeding in DB, Adam, T, Hoey, A Springer, 51-84 pp. parrotfishes: the influence 2. Lough, JM and Van Oppen, and Hay, ME (2018). 4. Emslie, MJ and Pratchett, of species, body size and MJ (2018). Coral bleaching Functional variation M (2018). Differential temperature. In: Hoey, A - patterns, processes, among parrotfishes: are vulnerabilities of and Bonaldo, RM. (eds). causes and consequences. they complementary or parrotfishes to habitat Biology of parrotfishes, CRC Springer, Switzerland, redundant? In: Hoey, A and degradation. In: Hoey, A Press, 119-133 pp. 1-365 pp. Bonaldo, RM. (eds). Biology and Bonaldo, RM. (eds). 7. Hoey, A, Berumen, ML, of parrotfishes, CRC Press, Biology of parrotfishes, CRC Bonaldo, RM, Burt, JA, 134-160 pp. Press, 355-382 pp. Book Section (18) Feary, DA, Ferreira, CE, 3. Eakin, CM, Lough, J, Heron, 5. Harborne, AR and Mumby, Floeter, SR and Nakamura, 1. Adamska, M (2018). SF and Liu, G (2018). PJ (2018). FAQs about Y (2018). The ecology of Differentiation and Climate variability and Caribbean parrotfish parrotfishes on marginal transdifferentiation of change: monitoring data management and their reef systems. In: Hoey,

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80 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 81 coral reefs. Science Advances 316. Teel, TL, Anderson, CB, 324. Udyawer, V, Barnes, P, 331. Veitch, J, Hermes, J, Lamont, 339. Wenger, AS, Adams, VM, rivers to Great Barrier Reef Report (9) S, Ridgway, T, Roelfsema, C, 4(5): eaao5493. Burgman, MA, Cinner, J, Bonnet, X, Brischoux, F, T, Penven, P and Dufois, Iacona, GD, Lohr, C, Pressey, nitrogen exposure with Singleton, G and Thompson, 1. Harrison, H, Alvarez-Noriega, Clark, D, Estévez, RA, Jones, Crowe-Riddell, JM, D’Anastasi, F (2018). Shelf-edge jet RL, Morris, K and Craigie, implications for management A (2018). Monitoring coral 306. Streit, RP and Bellwood, DR M, Baird, AH and MacDonald, JPG, McClanahan, TR, Reed, B, Fry, BG, Gillett, A, Goiran, currents in the southern ID (2018). Estimating prioritization. Marine Pollution reefs within the Reef 2050 (2018). Strong homing does C (2018). 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The role of shark 325. Urbarova, I, Patel, H, Forêt, Environmental Research Australia. Journal of impacts in the Great Barrier generation sequencing. Charles, LS, Flanagan, TC, heritage coral reefs: update ecotourism in conservation S, Karlsen, BO, Jørgensen, Letters 13(4): 1-13. Geophysical Research: Oceans Reef. Bioavailable Nutrients Mitochondrial DNA Part B: Lai, HR, Loy, X, Reynolds, VA to the first global assessment. behaviour: evidence from TE, Hall-Spencer, JM and 341. Wilmes, JC, Caballes, CF, 123(2): 1563-1581. Workshop, supported by Resources 3(1): 286-287. and Mayfield, MM (2018). UNESCO, 1-16 pp. Hawaii. Marine Policy 97: Johansen, SD (2018). Cowan, Z-L, Hoey, AS, Office of the Great Barrier 318. Terraneo, TI, Arrigoni, R, Links between community 350. Ying, H, Cooke, I, Sprungala, 3. Hoey, A, Pratchett, M, 27-33. Elucidating the small Lang, BJ, Messmer, V and Reef’s Queensland Reef Benzoni, F, Forsman, Z and ecology theory and ecological S, Wang, W, Hayward, DC, Sambrook, K, Gudge, S and Water Quality Program, and 309. Swain, TD, Bold, EC, Osborn, regulatory RNA repertoire of Pratchett, MS (2018). Berumen, M (2018). Using restoration are on the rise. Tang, Y, Huttley, G, Ball, Pratchett, D (2018). Status the Australian Government PC, Baird, AH, Westneat, MW, the sea anemone Anemonia Contributions of pre- versus ezRAD to reconstruct the Journal of Applied Ecology EE, Forêt, S and Miller, and trends for shallow reef National Environmental viridis based on whole post-settlement processes Backman, V and Marcelino, complete mitochondrial 55(2): 570-581. DJ (2018). Comparative habitats and assemblages at Science Program Tropical genome and small RNA to fluctuating abundance of LA (2018). Physiological genome of Porites fontanesil genomics reveals the distinct Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Water Quality Hub. sequencing. Genome Biology 334. Wainwright, PC, Santini, F, crown-of-thorns starfishes evolutionary trajectories of integration of coral colonies (Cnidaria: Scleractinia). Lord Howe Marine Park. The and Evolution 10(2): 410-426. Bellwood, DR, Robertson, (Acanthaster spp.). Marine is correlated with bleaching the robust and complex coral Director of National Parks, Mitochondrial DNA Part B: DR, Rocha, LA and Alfaro, Pollution Bulletin 135: 332- resistance. Marine Ecology 326. van de Water, JAJM, Chaib De lineages. Genome biology 1-65 pp. Resources 3(1): 173-174. 345. Progress Series 586: 1-10. ME (2018). Phylogenetics 19(1): 175. Mares, M, Dixon, GB, Raina, 4. Johnson, JE, Brodie, J and 319. Thurstan, RH, Buckley, SM and geography of speciation 342. Wilson, CE, Morrison, TH 310. Tan, CH, Pratchett, MS, J-B, Willis, BL, Bourne, DG 351. Yuan, X, Cai, W-J, Meile, C, Waterhouse, J (2018). and Pandolfi, JM (2018). in New World Halichoeres and Everingham, J-A (2018). Bay, LK, Graham, EM and and van Oppen, MJH (2018). Hopkinson, BM, Ding, Q, Wastewater pollution and coral Trends and transitions wrasses. Molecular Multi-scale meta-governance Baird, AH (2018). Biennium Antimicrobial and stress Schoepf, V, Warner, ME, reefs: science-to-policy brief. observed in an iconic Phylogenetics and Evolution strategies for addressing horribile: very high mortality responses to increased Hoadley, KD, Chen, B, Liu, S, United Nations Environment recreational fishery 121: 35-45. social inequality in resource in the reef coral Acropora temperature and bacterial Huang, H, Ye, Y and Grottoli, Programme, 1-16 pp. across 140 years. Global pathogen challenge in the 335. Ward, M, Possingham, H, dependent regions. Sociologia AG (2018). Quantitative millepora on the Great 5. Johnson, JE, Welch, DJ, Environmental Change 52: holobiont of a reef-building Rhodes, JR and Mumby, Ruralis 58(3): 500-521. interpretation of vertical Barrier Reef in 2009 and Marshall, P, Day, JC, 22-36. coral. Molecular Ecology 27(4): P (2018). Food, money 343. Wilson, CE, Morrison, profiles of calcium and pH in 2010. Marine Ecology Progress Marshall, N, Steinberg, GR, 320. Titelboim, D, Sadekov, A, 1065-1080. and lobsters: valuing TH, Everingham, J-A and the coral coelenteron. Marine Series 604: 133-142. Benthuysen, JA, Sun, C, Hyams-Kaphzan, O, Almogi- ecosystem services to align McCarthy, J (2018). Capture Chemistry 204: 62-69. 327. van Oppen, MJH, Bongaerts, Brodie, J, Marsh, H, Hamann, 311. Tebbett, SB and Bellwood, Labin, A, Herut, B, Kucera, M environmental management and crush: gas companies P, Frade, P, Peplow, L, Boyd, 352. Zhang, Y-Y, McCook, L, Jiang, M and Simpfendorfer, CA DR (2018). Functional links and Abramovich, S (2018). with sustainable in the fracking dispute and SE, Nim, HT and Bay, LK L, Lian, J-S, Liu, S and Huang, (2018). Characterising the on coral reefs: urchins and Foraminiferal single chamber development goals. deliberative depoliticization. (2018). Adaptation to reef H (2018). An outbreak of sea values and connectivity of the triggerfishes, a cautionary Geoforum 92: 106-116. analyses of heavy metals habitats through selection Ecosystem Services 29: 56-69. cucumbers hinders coral tale. Marine Environmental northeast Australia seascape: as a tool for monitoring on the coral animal and its 344. Wilson, SK, Graham, NAJ, recruitment. Coral Reefs 37(2): Research 141: 255-263. 336. Watson, S-A, Allan, BJM, Great Barrier Reef, Torres permanent and short term associated microbiome. McQueen, DE, Nicol, S, Holmes, TH, MacNeil, MA 321-326. Strait, Coral Sea and Great 312. Tebbett, SB and Bellwood, anthropogenic footprints. Molecular Ecology 27(14): Parsons, DM, Pether, SMJ, and Ryan, NM (2018). Visual 353. Ziegler, M, Quéré, G, Sandy Strait. United Nations DR (2018). Unusual caudal Marine Pollution Bulletin 128: 2956-2971. Pope, S, Setiawan, AN, Smith, versus video methods for Ghiglione, J-F, Iwankow, G, Environment Programme, spines in the surgeonfish 65-71. estimating reef fish biomass. 328. van Rooijen, A, Lowe, R, N, Wilson, C and Munday, Barbe, VB, Oissin, E, Wincker, 1-94 pp. Zebrasoma scopas. Coral Reefs Ecological Indicators 85: 321. Torda, G, Sambrook, K, Ghisalberti, M, Conde- PL (2018). Ocean warming P, Planes, S and Voolstra, CR 6. Jones, GP, Ceccarelli, DM, 37(1): 251-251. 146-152. Cross, P, Sato, Y, Bourne, DG, Frias, M and Tan, L (2018). has a greater effect than (2018). Status of coral reefs Williamson, DH and Russ, GR 313. Tebbett, SB, Bellwood, DR Lukoschek, V, Hill, T, Torras Predicting current-induced acidification on the early life 345. 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82 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 83 2019 Activity Plan Financial Statement

1. Research b. Recruit a fourth Research Fellow, co-funded with ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies the Australian Institute of Marine Science, who Statement of Operating Income and Expenditure for year ended 31 December 2018 a. Review the Centre’s research programs in will focus on the population genetics of corals. preparation for new and ongoing projects for c. Increase research fellow exchanges, working 2019–2021. 2017 2018 2019 group meetings and co-tutelle PhD student b. Develop further the Centre’s research program forecast arrangements with international partners and ‘Coral Reefs in the Anthropocene’, with an Income $ $ $ collaborators. emphasis on social science, governance and d. Extend multi-institutional and/or multi- adaptation. ARC Centre Grant $4,329,987 $4,394,936 $4,478,439 disciplinary supervisory arrangements for Centre c. Publish further outputs of the National Coral students. ARC Fellowships 1,315,029 660,724 645,207 Bleaching Taskforce, targetting high profile journals, especially Science and Nature. ARC Other 130,290 123,773 135,812 d. Continue to extend the Centre’s interdisciplinary 4. Impacts and End User Engagement research capacity by recruiting two Research Host Institutions cash support 3,777,803 3,909,991 4,006,691 a. Expand the Coral Reef Health in the Coral Sea Fellows: one with expertise in Social-Ecological Marine Park assessment project for the Australian Systems and one in the Centre’s research theme State Government 150,800 112,500 Government Director of National Parks. of People and Ecosystems. b. Continue to engage with government and Commonwealth Government other grants 618,053 564,950 610,243 e. Provide training to support Centre members’ stakeholders to provide the science that knowledge of the Australian Code for Responsible underpins the Reef 2050 Plan. International and other contracts 1,268,373 1,173,993 1,222,930 Conduct of Research and the ARC Centre’s Digital c. Plan and deliver the Centre’s Annual Symposium Data Management Policy. Total Income $11,590,335 $10,828,367 $11,211,823 and Public Forum on the Future of Coral Reefs in Sydney in October.

2. Research Training and d. Appoint a Digital Communications Officer, and Expenditure Professional Development review the Centre’s social media engagement strategies – including expanding the Centre’s Salaries $7,503,235 $7,709,719 $7,905,116 a. Deliver professional development workshops video library and Instagram. on statistics, bio-informatics, grant writing, Equipment 469,063 482,849 478,205 publishing strategies and skills, and preparing documentation for job applications. 5. Governance Travel 1,323,863 1,431,301 1,485,870 b. Deliver programs for the National Student a. Review membership of the Centre’s Advisory Mentoring Day, Student and Early Career Researcher Research maintenance and consumables 1,215,379 1,328,190 1,422,977 Board to assist strategic planning for the future of Retreats, and attendance at the Centre’s annual the Centre. Scholarships and prizes 178,581 169,268 182,041 symposium (Student and Postdoc Committees) b. Review the ARC Centre’s Strategic Plan for c. Continue to progress a leadership development business continuity post ARC Centre of Excellence Public outreach and administration 134,183 129,245 142,610 program for women in STEM for PhD students funding to strengthen and diversify income through to Research Fellows. Total Expenditure $10,824,302 11,250,572 11,616,819 sources. d. Deliver workshops and mentoring in unconscious c. Mentor female researchers and mid-career bias and gender stereotypes. Surplus (Deficit) $765,113 $(422,205) $(404,996) researchers into leadership roles in the Centre. e. Initiate a human ethics training program for ARC d. Continue developing a Centre culture that values Centre social scientists. diversity, gender equity and family friendly practices. 3. National and International Linkages e. Review the Centre’s KPI data collection and reporting system in view of changed reporting a. Strengthen the Centre’s research with WorldFish requirements. on the Small-scale Fisheries Flagship project (FISH CRP), including the recruitment of a third Research Fellow based at the ARC Centre.

84 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 85 Financial Outlook Key Performance Indicators

As at December 2018, the total cash and in-kind financial outlook for the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Standard Key Performance Indicators for ARC Centres of Excellence Reef Studies for 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2020 totals $149.9m, 23% higher than when the Centre was Target Outcome established in 2014. The ARC Centre of Excellence grant represents 20% of the total funding pool. Performance Measure 2018 2018

University of Western Australia, $5.8m Number of research outputs Australian Nattional University , $1.2m •• Journal articles/books/book chapters (p71) 330 383 •• Published Datasets (p52) 30 42

Quality of research outputs (p71) University of Queensland, $11.1m •• Publications in journals with Impact Factor >4 95 155 •• Mean Impact Factor for journals published 4.5 5.9 •• Citations: total by Centre researchers 25,000 45,461 •• Centre researchers with >500 annual citations 20 26 •• Awards and prizes (p10) 28 43

Number of training courses held/offered by the Centre (p43) 26 30 (over and above the standard courses offered by institutions)

Number of workshops/conferences held/offered by the Centre (p43) 15 22 ARC CoE, $30.0m Number of additional researchers working on Centre research (p43) •• Postdoctoral researchers 8 12 •• PhD students 25 30 •• Masters by research/coursework students 8 7 •• Honours students 4 7

Number of postgraduate completions (p43)

•• PhD students 25 22 FUNDING •• Masters by research/coursework students 8 10 ARC Fellowships, $12.6m •• Honours students 4 8 Number of mentoring programs offered by the Centre (p43) 12 15

Number of presentations/briefings (p59) ARC other, $7.8m •• To the public 38 70 •• To government/agencies/industry/business/end-users/NGOs 80 105 Commonwealth Government-other, $4.8m

State Government, $1.3m (national and international)

Industry partners & contracts, $7.9m (in addition to workshops/conferences above)

Partner Organisations, $6.8m Number of new organisations collaborating with, or involved in, 40 134 James Cook University, $60.5m the Centre

86 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 87 Centre-specific Key Performance Indicators Acknowledgements Target Outcome Performance Measure 2018 2018 The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies thanks the following organisations and partners for their Publications (p71) 100 over life of 33 (129 to ongoing support: •• Prestige publications (e.g. Nature, Science, PNAS) Centre date) •• Australian Academy of Science •• National Environment Science Programme, Australia •• Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of •• National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Interdisciplinarity of research Sydney Japan •• No. of journal titles in which Centre of Excellence research 100 136 •• Australian Centre for International Agricultural •• National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research published (p71) Research (ACIAR) (NIWA), New Zealand •• No. of students with multi-disciplinary supervisory arrangements 50 52 •• Australian Genome Research Facility (AGRF) •• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration •• Australian Government: Department of the (NOAA), USA (p43) Environment and Energy •• National Research Foundation of South Africa Centre integration (p71) •• Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) •• National Science Foundation, USA •• No. of publications with cross-institutional co-authorship 185 306 •• Australian Coral Reef Society •• National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center •• Australian Marine Sciences Association (SESYNC), University of Maryland, USA Global reach (p54) •• Australian Museum •• National University of Singapore •• No. of countries where Centre undertakes field research 24 28 •• Australian Society for Fish Biology •• Northern Territory Department of Primary Industries •• No. of international co-authors 300 1,255 •• Beijing Genomics Institute Australia and Resources •• No. of invited talks/papers/keynotes at international meetings 26 42 •• Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, USA •• Oceania Chondrichthyan Society, Australia •• Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, USA •• Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate Media (p59) •• Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de University, Japan •• Commentaries about the Centre’s achievements 4,000 9,711 l’Environnement (CRIOBE), French Polynesia •• Palau International Coral Reef Center •• Articles 26 36 •• Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), •• Paul M Angell Family Foundation, USA •• Centre of Excellence Website hits 7.0m 11.9m France •• Pew Charitable Trusts, USA •• Charles Darwin University, Australia •• Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, Monaco International visitors (p57) 70 78 •• Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research •• Queensland Government Department of Agriculture Gender equity Organisation (CSIRO), Australia and Fisheries •• Company of Biologists, UK •• Queensland Department of Environment and Science •• Research Fellow appointments (p68) 50:50 50:50 •• Conservation International •• Queensland Department of Natural Resources, Mines •• Gender equity and diversity mentoring, and training activities: 20 27 •• Coral Reef Research Foundation, Palau and Energy no. of participants and attendances (p43) •• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany •• Queensland Museum Network •• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Excellence Cluster •• Reef Rescue, Australia ‘Future Ocean’, University of Kiel, Germany •• Schmidt Ocean Institute, USA •• Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, •• Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation, Australia Canberra •• Secretariat for the Pacific Community, Noumea •• Georgia Institute of Technology, USA •• Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, •• Great Barrier Reef Foundation, Australia University of the Ryukyus, Japan •• Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Australia •• Smithsonian Marine Network, USA •• Harvey Mudd College, USA •• Society for Experimental Biology •• Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment, Equity •• Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden Trustees Charitable Foundation •• The Crawford Fund, Australia •• Ian Potter Foundation •• The Nature Conservancy, International •• Institut des récifs coralliens du Pacifique (IRCP), French •• Torres Strait Regional Authority Polynesia •• University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA •• International Union for the Conservation of Nature •• University of Exeter, United Kingdom •• James S. McDonnell Foundation, USA •• University of Perpignan, France •• King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, •• Western Australian Department of Primary Industries Saudi Arabia and Regional Development •• Lizard Island Research Station and Foundation, •• Western Australian Department of Biodiversity, Australia Conservation and Attractions •• Lord Howe Island Board, Australia •• Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association •• Mahonia Na Dari and Walindi Plantation Resort, Papua (WIOMSA), Zanzibar New Guinea •• Wildlife Conservation Society, USA •• Marine Parks Authority, Lord Howe Island Marine Park, •• WorldFish, Malaysia Australia •• World Wildlife Fund •• Ministry of Fisheries, Tonga •• Yale Peabody Museum, USA •• Morris Family Foundation, Australia

88 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2018 89 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 AUSTRALIA

Phone: +61 7 4781 4000 Email: [email protected] Web: www.coralcoe.org.au  @CoralCoE

PHOTO KATIE SAMBROOK 90 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES