DOCSLIB.ORG

Christian Liturgy and the Creation of British

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Christian Liturgy and the Creation of British View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ETD - Electronic Theses & Dissertations CHRISTIAN LITURGY AND THE CREATION OF BRITISH SLAVE SOCIETIES, 1650-1780 By Nicholas M. Beasley Dissertation Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History August, 2006 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Professor Daniel H. Usner, Jr. Professor Jane G. Landers Professor Joel Harrington Professor Kathleen Flake Professor James P. Byrd Copyright © 2006 by Nicholas M. Beasley All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During graduate school, I have enjoyed support from a variety of units within Vanderbilt University. The Department of History generously awarded me a teaching fellowship and a University Graduate Fellowship and supported my research through grants from the Weaver and Binkley Funds. Vital summer funding and new intellectual relationships came from the Vanderbilt Interdisciplinary Seminar in Social and Political Thought and the Center for the Study of Religion and Culture. My final year was supported by a generous dissertation fellowship from the Center for the Americas. Beyond Vanderbilt, I received research support from the Historical Society of the Episcopal Church and a fellowship from the Episcopal Church Foundation. St. George’s Church in Nashville offered me a quiet office and much more. I am profoundly thankful for the support of these institutions and for the people who make them all that they are. That support enabled me to use a variety of research resources. I am thankful for the staff of Vanderbilt’s Central Library, especially Peter Brush, Paula Covington, Marilyn Pilley, and Jim Toplon. Among several archives, I was helped by particularly fine people at the South Carolina Historical Society, the South Carolina Department of Archives and History, the South Caroliniana Library, the Jamaica Archives, and the Barbados Archives. Amparo and Mark McWatt were generous hosts during my stay in Barbados, where I also benefited from the guidance of Canon Noel Titus and Karl Watson and Pedro Welch at the University of the West Indies Cave Hill. In Kingston, Geoff and Genevieve Siebengartner graciously hosted me, as did the Franciscan Sisters at Constant Spring and the United Theological College of the West Indies. I was also iii thankful for the counsel and hospitality of James Robertson of the University of the West Indies Mona. Daniel H. Usner, Jr., chair of my committee and Holland McTyeire Professor of History, has been a generous and gentle advisor. He and Jane G. Landers eased me into early America at a critical moment, a great kindness that I will always appreciate. Joel Harrington has allowed me to keep one foot in early modern Europe and in the social history of Christianity. Kathleen Flake and James Byrd have been rigorous readers and reliable guides to the historiography of American religion. I owe my professional interest in history to members of the History Department at the University of the South, particularly W. Brown Patterson, Charles R. Perry, and Susan Ridyard. I am deeply thankful for all of their guidance. My loving parents Joy M. Dixon and Robert L. Beasley encouraged my academic interests from an early age and sustained me through college and divinity school in many ways. They have been joined in that support in more recent years by wonderful in-laws in Nancy and Pinckey Irwin. I am grateful to them all. Elizabeth Irwin Beasley has forgiven me many things during my time in graduate school. She made a home for us in Nashville, endured my strange trips to Caribbean archives, and delayed her own hopes for the future so that I could pursue mine. I hope that her time is about to come. My greatest debts will always be to her. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.........................................................................................vi Chapter I. INTRODUCTION: CHRISTIAN RITUAL AND THE CREATION OF BRITISH SLAVE SOCIETIES............................................................................1 II. RITUAL TIME AND SPACE IN BRITISH PLANTATION COLONIES ................16 Church Seating ...............................................................................................17 The Ritual Year ..............................................................................................40 III. DOMESTIC RITUALS: MARRIAGE AND BAPTISM IN THE PLANTATION COLONIES..............................................................................67 The Culture of Marrying .................................................................................68 Baptismal Ways..............................................................................................86 IV. THE MEANINGS OF THE EUCHARIST IN THE PLANTATION WORLD ...... 120 Metropolitan Precedents and the Political Meaning of the Eucharist.............. 121 The Social and Pastoral Meanings of the Eucharist ....................................... 131 The Material Culture of the Eucharist ........................................................... 147 V. “DEATH IS MORE BUSY IN THIS PLACE”: MORTUARY RITUAL IN THE PLANTATION COLONIES .............................................................. 163 VI. CONCLUSION: REVOLUTION, EVANGELICALISMS, AND THE FRAGMENTATION OF ANGLO-AMERICA................................................ 208 VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................ 220 v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BA Barbados Archives, Black Rock, Barbados BMHS Shilstone Library, Barbados Museum and Historical Society, Barbados CCPL Charleston County Public Library, Charleston, South Carolina JA Jamaica Archives, Spanish Town, Jamaica NLJ National Library of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica SCDAH South Carolina Division of Archives and History, Columbia, South Carolina SCHS South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston, South Carolina SCL South Caroliniana Library, Columbia, South Carolina vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION: CHRISTIAN RITUAL IN BRITISH SLAVE SOCIETIES In 1627, three years before John Winthrop set foot on the shores of Massachusetts Bay, Englishmen alighted in Barbados and began the creation of a British plantation world.1 They adapted to their new setting ably, creating a creolized English culture that celebrated metropolitan mores even as it made concessions to life in a tropical environment. That culture proved both durable and replicable. In 1655, some Barbadians sailed west across a thousand miles of sparkling Caribbean sea to join in the English conquest of Jamaica, an island 26 times the size of Barbados and of enormous economic potential. South Carolina’s roots were in Barbados’ fertile soils as well, with more than half of the earliest migrants to that continental colony, both black and white, coming from Barbados.2 In both of the younger colonies, lessons learned on the older island served settlers well as they created highly successful plantation entrepots. Growing from a common cultural hearth in Barbados, the British plantation colonies thus shared a colonial experience, even as each had their singular characteristics as well. Barbados, Jamaica, and South Carolina were all places where the majority of the population was made up of Africans and their descendents, most of whom were enslaved and engaged in plantation agriculture. After short periods as societies with slaves, all 1 For the founding of Barbados, see Vincent T. Harlow, A History of Barbados, 1625-1685 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1926); Larry Gragg, Englishmen Transplanted: The English Colonization of Barbados, 1627-1660 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003). 2 Jack P. Greene, Imperatives, Behaviors, and Identities: Essays in Early American Cultural History (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1992), 73; Richard S. Dunn, Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713 (New York: W.W. Norton, 1972), 111-116; but see L.H. Roper, Conceiving Carolina: Proprietors, Planters, and Plots, 1662-1729 (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004), for a caution on ascribing too much to Barbadian influence in Carolina. 1 three became paradigmatic slave societies.3 White minorities composed of planters, merchants, and their employees profited from the labor of the enslaved and used those profits to maintain connections to London, from whence came the consumer goods, information, and colonial officials that reinforced the imperial connection. The Church of England was by law established in all three colonies, and social and political privilege was associated with membership in that church. The white minorities that controlled the export economies of these colonies focused production on sugar in the two West Indian islands and on rice in Carolina, though other products were periodically important as well. Those economies produced great wealth at higher rates than anywhere else in British America. A sugar revolution in the 1640s and 1650s brought Barbados its wealth early, making the island “the richest colony in English America” by the end of the seventeenth century.4 Its daughter colony Jamaica would easily surpass it in the eighteenth. The per capita net worth of each free white Jamaican in 1775 was an enormous ₤12,000.5 While that dwarfed the 1774 wealth for whites in the area around Charles Town in Carolina, Carolinians’
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Volume 1 : Subject Catalogue
    Volume 1 : Subject Catalogue 1 JAMAICAN NATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 1962 - 2012 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF JAMAICA KINGSTON, JAMAICA 2013 i Published by: National Library of Jamaica P.O. Box 823 12 – 14 East Street Kingston Jamaica National Library of Jamaica Cataloguing in Publication Data Jamaican national bibliography 1962 -2012 p. ; cm. 1. Bibliography, National – Jamaica ISBN 978-976-8020-08-6 015.7292 – dc22 Copyright 2013by National Library of Jamaica ii T A B L E OF C O N T E N T S Preface………………………………………………………………………… iv Abbreviations and Terms……………………………………………………… v Sample Entries…………………………………………………………………. vi Outline of Dewey decimal classification……………………………….............. vii Classified Subject Listing………………………………………………………. 1 - 1014 iii PREFACE The mandate of the National Library of Jamaica is to collect, catalogue and preserve the nation’s publications and to make these items available for study and research. A related mandate is to compile and publish the national bibliography which is the list of material published in the country, authored by its citizens and about the country, regardless of place of publication. The occasion of Jamaica’s 50th anniversary was seen as an opportunity to fill in the gaps in the national bibliography which had been prepared sporadically: 1964 – 1969; 1975 – 1986; 1998- 2003; and so the Jamaican National Bibliography 1962-2012 (JNB 50) Volume 1 was created. Arrangement This volume of the bibliography is arranged according to the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and catalogued using the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules. The information about an item includes the name the author uses in his/her works, the full title, edition, publisher, date of publication, number of pages, types of illustrations, series, size, notes, ISBN, price and binding.
    [Show full text]
  • National Cultural Policy 2012 (Draft)
    NATIONAL CULTURAL POLICY MONTSERRAT (DRAFT) TABLE OF CONTENTS Pg Executive Summary 1 Philosophical Statement 1 2 Methodology 1 3 Background 2 4 Definition of Culture 4 5 Mapping the Cultural Landscape 5 6 The Cultural Backdrop 6 7 Proposed Policy Positions of the Government of Montserrat 16 8 Aims of the Policy 17 9 Self Worth and National Pride 18 10 The Arts 21 11 Folkways 24 12 Masquerades 27 13 Heritage 29 14 Education 32 15 Tourism 35 16 Economic Development 38 17 Media and Technology 41 18 Infrastructure 44 19 Implementation 47 Appendix 1 Groups & Persons Consulted Appendix 2 Consulting Instruments Select Biography EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Executive Summary presents a brief philosophical statement, the policy positions of the government and the aims of the policy. It defines culture, outlines the areas of national life considered in the policy and provides a selection of the action to be taken. The policy document emphasizes the importance of the development of a sense of self-worth and national pride, the role of folkways in defining a Montserratian identity and the role of training, research and documentation in cultural development and preservation. Particular emphasis is placed on culture as a means of broadening the frame of economic activity. The co modification of aspects of culture brooks of no debate; it is inevitable in these challenging economic times. The policy is presented against a backdrop of the Montserrat cultural landscape. Philosophical Statement Montserrat’s culture is rooted in its history with all its trials and triumphs. Culture is not only dynamic and subject to influences and changes over time, but it is also dialectical, meaning that while it springs from history and development, culture also impacts and informs development .
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded4.0 License
    New West Indian Guide 94 (2020) 39–74 nwig brill.com/nwig A Disagreeable Text The Uncovered First Draft of Bryan Edwards’s Preface to The History of the British West Indies, c. 1792 Devin Leigh Department of History, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA [email protected] Abstract Bryan Edwards’s The History of the British West Indies is a text well known to histori- ans of the Caribbean and the early modern Atlantic World. First published in 1793, the work is widely considered to be a classic of British Caribbean literature. This article introduces an unpublished first draft of Edwards’s preface to that work. Housed in the archives of the West India Committee in Westminster, England, this preface has never been published or fully analyzed by scholars in print. It offers valuable insight into the production of West Indian history at the end of the eighteenth century. In particular, it shows how colonial planters confronted the challenges of their day by attempting to wrest the practice of writing West Indian history from their critics in Great Britain. Unlike these metropolitan writers, Edwards had lived in the West Indian colonies for many years. He positioned his personal experience as being a primary source of his historical legitimacy. Keywords Bryan Edwards – West Indian history – eighteenth century – slavery – abolition Bryan Edwards’s The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies is a text well known to scholars of the Caribbean (Edwards 1793). First published in June of 1793, the text was “among the most widely read and influential accounts of the British Caribbean for generations” (V.
    [Show full text]
  • Antigua and Barbuda an Annotated Critical Bibliography
    Antigua and Barbuda an annotated critical bibliography by Riva Berleant-Schiller and Susan Lowes, with Milton Benjamin Volume 182 of the World Bibliographical Series 1995 Clio Press ABC Clio, Ltd. (Oxford, England; Santa Barbara, California; Denver, Colorado) Abstract: Antigua and Barbuda, two islands of Leeward Island group in the eastern Caribbean, together make up a single independent state. The union is an uneasy one, for their relationship has always been ambiguous and their differences in history and economy greater than their similarities. Barbuda was forced unwillingly into the union and it is fair to say that Barbudan fears of subordination and exploitation under an Antiguan central government have been realized. Barbuda is a flat, dry limestone island. Its economy was never dominated by plantation agriculture. Instead, its inhabitants raised food and livestock for their own use and for provisioning the Antigua plantations of the island's lessees, the Codrington family. After the end of slavery, Barbudans resisted attempts to introduce commercial agriculture and stock-rearing on the island. They maintained a subsistence and small cash economy based on shifting cultivation, fishing, livestock, and charcoal-making, and carried it out under a commons system that gave equal rights to land to all Barbudans. Antigua, by contrast, was dominated by a sugar plantation economy that persisted after slave emancipation into the twentieth century. Its economy and goals are now shaped by the kind of high-impact tourism development that includes gambling casinos and luxury hotels. The Antiguan government values Barbuda primarily for its sparsely populated lands and comparatively empty beaches. This bibliography is the only comprehensive reference book available for locating information about Antigua and Barbuda.
    [Show full text]
  • Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial
    Navigating the Atlantic World: Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial Networks, 1650-1791 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Jamie LeAnne Goodall, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Margaret Newell, Advisor John Brooke David Staley Copyright by Jamie LeAnne Goodall 2016 Abstract This dissertation seeks to move pirates and their economic relationships from the social and legal margins of the Atlantic world to the center of it and integrate them into the broader history of early modern colonization and commerce. In doing so, I examine piracy and illicit activities such as smuggling and shipwrecking through a new lens. They act as a form of economic engagement that could not only be used by empires and colonies as tools of competitive international trade, but also as activities that served to fuel the developing Caribbean-Atlantic economy, in many ways allowing the plantation economy of several Caribbean-Atlantic islands to flourish. Ultimately, in places like Jamaica and Barbados, the success of the plantation economy would eventually displace the opportunistic market of piracy and related activities. Plantations rarely eradicated these economies of opportunity, though, as these islands still served as important commercial hubs: ports loaded, unloaded, and repaired ships, taverns attracted a variety of visitors, and shipwrecking became a regulated form of employment. In places like Tortuga and the Bahamas where agricultural production was not as successful, illicit activities managed to maintain a foothold much longer.
    [Show full text]
  • Redescription of Hypoatherina Valenciennei and Its Relationships to Other Species of Atherinidae in the Pacific and Indian Oceans
    Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 魚 類 学 雑 誌 Vol. 35, No. 2 1988 35 巻 2 号 1988年 Redescription of Hypoatherina valenciennei and its Relationships to Other Species of Atherinidae in the Pacific and Indian Oceans Walter Ivantsoff and Maurice Kottelat (Received December 23, 1986) Abstract A review of Tirant's collections and examination of types has resulted in the reidentifica- tion of Haplocheilus argyrotaenia Tirant as Hypoatherina valenciennei (Bleeker) which is found throughout the southwestern Pacific and as far north as Japan. The taxonomic status of H. valenciennei is clarified and Bleeker's emendation of the original specific epithet valenciennei to valenciennesi is rejected. The systematic position of this species is difficult to determine since H. valenciennei shows affinities with both Hypoatherina and Atherinomorus. In the light of the present knowledge, Bleeker's species appears to have greater affinities with Hypoatherina and is therefore placed in this genus. Recent reexamination of the types of Haplo- 1983). The genus Hypoatherina as defined by cheilus argyrotaenia Tirant, 1883, (unaccepted and Ivantsoff (1978) includes all those species with misspelt emendation of Haplochilus Agassiz, 1846, moderately long dorsal process of premaxilla but for Aplocheilus McClelland, 1839) has prompted not longer than eye diameter, lateral process of us to review the status of Hypoatherina valenciennei premaxilla short and broad, lower jaw coronoid (Bleeker, 1853a) which is considered to be the process highly elevated, distinct notch (sensory senior synonym of Tirant's species (thought by canal opening) in posterior margin of anterior him to be an aplocheilid). Although the systema- bony edge of preopercle near its lower corner, tic position of the Pacific atherinids is yet to be body slender and subcylindrical, midlateral band resolved, work to that end has already begun.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews -Robert L
    Book Reviews -Robert L. Paquette, David Barry Gaspar, Bondmen and rebels: a study of master-slave relations in Antigua with implications for colonial British America. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Johns Hopkins Series in Atlantic History, Culture and Society, 1985. xx + 338 pp. -John Johnson, Latin American Politics: A historical bibliography, Clio Bibliography Series No. 16 (ABC Clio Information Services, Santa Barbara, 1984). -John Johnson, Columbus Memorial Library, Travel accounts and descriptions of Latin American and the Caribbean, 1800-1920: A selected bibliography (Organization of American States, Washington D.C. 1982). -Susan Willis, Aart G. Broek, Something rich like chocolate. Aart G. Broek, (Editorial Kooperativo Antiyano Kolibri', Curacao) 1985. -Robert A. Myers, C.J.M.R. Gullick, Myths of a minority: the changing traditions of the Vincentian Caribs. Assen: Van Gorcum, Series: Studies of developing countries, no. 30, 1985. vi + 211 pp. -Jay. R. Mandle, Paget Henry, Peripheral capitalism and underdevelopment in Antigua. New Brunswick and Oxford: Transaction Books, 1985. 274 pp. -Hilary McD. Beckles, Gary Puckrein, Little England: Plantation society and Anglo-Barbadian politics, 1627-1700. New York and London: New York University Press, 1984. xxiv + 235 pp. In: New West Indian Guide/ Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 60 (1986), no: 3/4, Leiden, 239-255 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 10:43:05PM via free access BOOK REVIEWS Bondmen and rebels: a study of master-slave relations in Antigua with implications for colonial British America. DAVID BARRY GASPAR. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Johns Hopkins Series in Atlantic History, Culture and Society, 1985.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Chicago the Creole Archipelago
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE CREOLE ARCHIPELAGO: COLONIZATION, EXPERIMENTATION, AND COMMUNITY IN THE SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN, C. 1700-1796 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY TESSA MURPHY CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MARCH 2016 Table of Contents List of Tables …iii List of Maps …iv Dissertation Abstract …v Acknowledgements …x PART I Introduction …1 1. Creating the Creole Archipelago: The Settlement of the Southern Caribbean, 1650-1760...20 PART II 2. Colonizing the Caribbean Frontier, 1763-1773 …71 3. Accommodating Local Knowledge: Experimentations and Concessions in the Southern Caribbean …115 4. Recreating the Creole Archipelago …164 PART III 5. The American Revolution and the Resurgence of the Creole Archipelago, 1774-1785 …210 6. The French Revolution and the Demise of the Creole Archipelago …251 Epilogue …290 Appendix A: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of Dominica …301 Appendix B: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of St. Vincent …310 A Note on Sources …316 Bibliography …319 ii List of Tables 1.1: Respective Populations of France’s Windward Island Colonies, 1671 & 1700 …32 1.2: Respective Populations of Martinique, Grenada, St. Lucia, Dominica, and St. Vincent c.1730 …39 1.3: Change in Reported Population of Free People of Color in Martinique, 1732-1733 …46 1.4: Increase in Reported Populations of Dominica & St. Lucia, 1730-1745 …50 1.5: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in the Lesser Antilles, 1626-1762 …57 1.6: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in Jamaica & Saint-Domingue, 1526-1762 …58 2.1: Reported Populations of the Ceded Islands c.
    [Show full text]
  • Dangerous Spirit of Liberty: Slave Rebellion, Conspiracy, and the First Great Awakening, 1729-1746
    Dangerous Spirit of Liberty: Slave Rebellion, Conspiracy, and the First Great Awakening, 1729-1746 by Justin James Pope B.A. in Philosophy and Political Science, May 2000, Eckerd College M.A. in History, May 2005, University of Cincinnati M.Phil. in History, May 2008, The George Washington University A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 31, 2014 Dissertation directed by David J. Silverman Professor of History The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that Justin Pope has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 10, 2014. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Dangerous Spirit of Liberty: Slave Rebellion, Conspiracy, and the Great Awakening, 1729-1746 Justin Pope Dissertation Research Committee: David J. Silverman, Professor of History, Dissertation Director Denver Brunsman, Assistant Professor of History, Committee Member Greg L. Childs, Assistant Professor of History, Committee Member ii © Copyright 2014 by Justin Pope All rights reserved iii Acknowledgments I feel fortunate to thank the many friends and colleagues, institutions and universities that have helped me produce this dissertation. The considerable research for this project would not have been possible without the assistance of several organizations. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, the Maryland Historical Society, the Cosmos Club Foundation of Washington, D.C., the Andrew Mellon Fellowship of the Virginia Historical Society, the W. B. H. Dowse Fellowship of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Thompson Travel Grant from the George Washington University History Department, and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Research Fellowship all provided critical funding for my archival research.
    [Show full text]
  • Jamaica's Parishes and Civil Registration Districts
    Jamaican registration districts Jamaica’s parishes and civil registration districts [updated 2010 Aug 15] (adapted from a Wikimedia Commons image) Parishes were established as administrative districts at the English conquest of 1655. Though the boundaries have changed over the succeeding centuries, parishes remain Jamaica’s fundamental civil administrative unit. The three counties of Cornwall (green, on the map above), Middlesex (pink), and Surrey (yellow) have no administrative relevance. The present parishes were consolidated in 1866 with the re-division of eight now- extinct entities, none of which will have civil records. A good historical look at the parishes as they changed over time may be found on the privately compiled “Jamaican Parish Reference,” http://prestwidge.com/river/jamaicanparishes.html (cited 2010 Jul 1). Civil registration of vital records was mandated in 1878. For civil recording, parishes were subdivided into named registration districts. Districts record births, marriages (but not divorces), and deaths since the mandate. Actual recording might not have begun in a district until several years later after 1878. An important comment on Jamaican civil records may be found in the administrative history available on the Registrar General’s Department Website at http://apps.rgd.gov.jm/history/ (cited 2010 Jul 1). This list is split into halves: 1) a list of parishes with their districts organized alphabetically by code; and 2) an alphabetical index of district names as of the date below the title. As the Jamaican population grows and districts are added, the list of registration districts lengthens. The parish code lists are current to about 1995. Registration districts created after that date are followed by the parish name rather than their district code.
    [Show full text]
  • East Branch of the Cooper River, 1780-1820: Panopticism and Mobility Lisa Briggitte Randle University of South Carolina
    University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 2018 East Branch of the Cooper River, 1780-1820: Panopticism and Mobility Lisa Briggitte Randle University of South Carolina Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Randle, L.(2018). East Branch of the Cooper River, 1780-1820: Panopticism and Mobility. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/4962 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. East Branch of the Cooper River, 1780-1820: Panopticism and Mobility By Lisa Briggitte Randle Bachelor of Arts University of South Carolina, 1979 Master of Arts University of South Carolina, 1990 Master of Arts University of South Carolina, 2009 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2018 Accepted by: Kenneth G. Kelly, Major Professor Leland Ferguson, Committee Member Michael E. Hodgson, Committee Member Kimberly Simmons, Committee Member Terrance Weik, Committee Member Cheryl L. Addy, Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School © Copyright by Lisa Briggitte Randle, 2018 All Rights Reserved. ii DEDICATION I am honored to dedicate this dissertation to my friend and mentor, Dr. Leland G. Ferguson, for initiating the East Branch of the Cooper River Project and for his wise words of support when the completion of this dissertation seemed overwhelming. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the financial support of the University of South Carolina’s African American Professorial Program, the Anthropology Department’s Dorothy O’Dell Travel Grant, and a grant from the Archaeological Society of South Carolina.
    [Show full text]
  • Becoming Creole: Material Life and Society in Eighteenth-Century
    BECOMING CREOLE: MATERIAL LIFE AND SOCIETY IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY KINGSTON, JAMAICA by DOUGLAS F. MANN (Under the Direction of Michael Kwass) ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the relationship between material culture and the development of Creole identity in the eighteenth-century urban slave society of Kingston, Jamaica. Although economic and social historians of the British West Indies in this period have focused on the export of major crops such as sugar, they have devoted little attention to the construction of social and cultural identity. From Kingston’s colonial architecture and urban design, to the interior of homes, white residents displayed their cultural attachments, social prominence, and racial superiority. But slaves also engaged in material acquisition. Through the clothing many domestic slaves were able to obtain from their masters, through purchase, or through other means, slaves blurred the racial lines that divided Kingston society. This study also examines Kingston’s white women who were often caricatured as indolent and attached to excessive material consumption in contemporary sources. However, this portrayal is not accurate. Kingston’s white women, by virtue of their prudent and economical management of domestic consumption and effective oversight of their domestic staff of slaves, carved out for themselves an arena of agency that historians have overlooked. By considering the material culture of Kingston and the circulation of goods within the complex social, racial, and cultural matrix that made up its urban landscape, this project illuminates how material objects acquired social meaning and helped fashion a Creole identity. INDEX WORDS: Kingston, Jamaica; Material Culture; Creole Society; Urban Slavery; Women in Urban Caribbean; Slave Clothing; Gentility; Refinement BECOMING CREOLE: MATERIAL LIFE AND SOCIETY IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY KINGSTON, JAMAICA by DOUGLAS F.
    [Show full text]