DOCSLIB.ORG

Prefixation and Reduplication in Malay: an Optimality

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prefixation and Reduplication in Malay: an Optimality Prefixation and Reduplication in Malay: an Optimality- Theoretical Account Sharifah Raihan Syed Jaafar B.A (Linguistics), M.A (Linguistics), National University of Malaysia, Malaysia A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Linguistics and English Language Lancaster University United Kingdom March 2011 ProQuest Number: 11003469 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11003469 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the morphology-phonology interface in Malay. The work is largely a corpus-based reanalysis of prefixation and reduplication. Based on two large different written corpora of Standard Malay (henceforth SM), the analysis permits us to make reliable and robust generalizations about how the language actually works. The data reveal that the language has a distinct co-existing phonological system. I will show that these co-existent grammars can be handled with Optimality Theory (henceforth OT), specifically in co-phonologies. The reanalysis of prefixation places Malay in a wider context and examines, cross-linguistically, issues related to voicing and nasality. It is shown that nasal substitution, which is regularly used to eliminate nasal and voiceless obstruent clusters, fails to occur in some prefixed words. In the analysis, I propose that non­ native words are not subject to the same phonological requirements as those imposed on native words. The constraint rankings must therefore be different from those found in native words which result in the blocking of nasal substitution at prefix-root junctures. The application of nasal substitution at prefix-prefix junctures is mainly determined by morphological factors rather than phonetic factors, due to a morphology-phonology interface constraint, i.e. EDGE-INTEGRITY. The investigation of reduplication deals with total, partial and affixal reduplication. A recent theory of prosodic morphology - namely the Morpheme- Based Template or MBT (Downing 2006), motivated within OT (Prince & Smolensky 1993) - is applied to organize the morphological and prosodic factors that condition the size of prosodic morphemes (ibid.: 1). In the analysis, I propose that total and ii affixal reduplication are best treated as compounding, rather than affixation, due to the disyllabic minimality condition. Considering the Perak dialect, light and heavy reduplication have been captured by associating each morphological construction with a different co-phonology. This study also examines dialectal variation, comparing SM with three non­ standard dialects with respect to prefixation. The analysis discovers some significant facts about the language. Since both voiceless/voiced obstruents undergo nasal substitution, the *NQ constraint has been replaced by a CRISP-EDGE[ g ] constraint. Nasal deletion and nasalisation are also the strategies used to eliminate nasal and voiceless obstruent clusters. The different strategies applied can be satisfactorily explained in OT with its variable constraint rankings. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I owe my deepest gratitude to a number of generous people who have largely given their support and contribution in completing this thesis. First and foremost I offer my greatest appreciation to my supervisor, Professor Francis X. Katamba, who has patiently supported and guided me throughout my thesis journey. I would also like to thank Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (The Institute of Language and Literature) for allowing me to access their corpus data. I am also grateful to Associate Professor Ajid Che Kob, Associate Professor Dr. Mohd Fadzeli Jaafar and Mr. Zulkifli Ahmad for their contribution to my data supplement for the dialectal study. Without their cooperation I could not have obtained such pertinent data for my analysis. Special thanks go to Dr. Andrew Hardie, from Lancaster University, for his invaluable assistance with the corpus software, AntConc. His explanations of the use of the software have been much appreciated as this has made my analysis work much easier. Not forgotten are Professor Dr. Zaharani Ahmad, Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Social Science and Humanities from the National University of Malaysia (UKM), for his kind advice and encouragement throughout my study, and all the lecturers in the Linguistics Department at UKM. I would like to dedicate my heartfelt thanks to my lovely parents, Syed Jaafar and Ramlah Saadon, and to my sisters, Sharifah Khairul Adibah, Sharifah Nabihah and Sharifah Nawal, for their enduring love and continuous support. Without them, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible. iv I am indebted to the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia and the UKM for awarding me the SLAB scholarship and study leave to pursue my doctoral studies at Lancaster University, United Kingdom. LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Four conditions of melody linking in autosegmental phonology. Table 2 Five basic tenets of OT. Table 3 Constraints operating in Japanese vocabulary. Table 4 The degree of obedience to active constraints between native and other lexicon strata in the vocabulary of Japanese. Table 5: The differences in nasal and voiceless obstruent clusters root- intemally in SM and some of the dialects of Malay: Perak, Johor, Kedah, Kelantan and NS. Table 6 Nasal and voiceless obstruent clusters in Perak. Table 7 Obedience to and violation of CRISP-EDGE [a]. vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 The Lexical Strata in Japanese Vocabulary. Figure 2 DBP Corpus Database System. Figure 3 Categories of the lexicon for Malay. Figure 4 Monosyllabic, disyllabic, trisyllabic roots. Figure 5 The number of voiced and voiceless obstruents following nasal segments in /m9p+/ and /psg+/. Figure 6 The number of /maq+/ and /psq+/ prefixes attached to sonorant initial roots. Figure 7 The number of /moq+por/ and /pop+por/ multiple prefixes. Figure 8 Disyllabic and monosyllabic roots in total reduplication in SM. Figure 9 Rhyming and chiming reduplication in SM. Figure 10 The amount of monosyllabic total reduplication in SM. LIST OF MAPS Malay dialects in the Malay Peninsula. The areas where the three dialects of Malay - Perak, Kelantan and NS - are spoken. ABBREVIATIONS OT Optimality theory GTT Generalised Template Theory PBT Prosodic-Based Template MBT Morpheme-Based Template DBP Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (The Institute of Language & Literature) UKM University Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia) SM Standard Malay NS Negeri Sembilan PD Perak dialect ACT. ACTIVE PRF. PREFIX SUF. SUFFIX NOM NOMINAL VERBL VERBALISER CAUS. CAUSATIVE LOC. LOCATIVE ADJ. ADJECTIVE STEMEX STEM EXTENDER RED REDUPLICANT NAS ASS NASAL ASSIMILATION UG UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR Table of Contents ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................ I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................................................................Ill 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Introduction to M a l a y ............................................................................................... 3 1.3 Statement of the problem ...........................................................................................8 1.3.1 Rule-based analysis ...................................................................................................8 1.3.2 Autosegmental analysis ........................................................................................20 1.4 Research Questions ..................................................................................................... 25 1.5 Research g o a l s ............................................................................................................. 27 1.6 Organisation of this thesis......................................................................................28 2. LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................................29 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................29 2.2 T h e o r e t ic a l f r a m e w o r k ........................................................................................... 31 2.2.1 Rule-based analysis ................................................................................................32 2.2.2 Non-linear autosegmental phonology ...............................................................34 2.2.3 O T ...............................................................................................................................38 2.2.4 Generalized Template Theory - GTT ...............................................................49 2.3 M a l a y P h o n o l o g y S c h o l a r s h i p ...........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Using 'North Wind and the Sun' Texts to Sample Phoneme Inventories
    Blowing in the wind: Using ‘North Wind and the Sun’ texts to sample phoneme inventories Louise Baird ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, The Australian National University [email protected] Nicholas Evans ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, The Australian National University [email protected] Simon J. Greenhill ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, The Australian National University & Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History [email protected] Language documentation faces a persistent and pervasive problem: How much material is enough to represent a language fully? How much text would we need to sample the full phoneme inventory of a language? In the phonetic/phonemic domain, what proportion of the phoneme inventory can we expect to sample in a text of a given length? Answering these questions in a quantifiable way is tricky, but asking them is necessary. The cumulative col- lection of Illustrative Texts published in the Illustration series in this journal over more than four decades (mostly renditions of the ‘North Wind and the Sun’) gives us an ideal dataset for pursuing these questions. Here we investigate a tractable subset of the above questions, namely: What proportion of a language’s phoneme inventory do these texts enable us to recover, in the minimal sense of having at least one allophone of each phoneme? We find that, even with this low bar, only three languages (Modern Greek, Shipibo and the Treger dialect of Breton) attest all phonemes in these texts.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Groningen Phonological Grammar and Frequency Sloos
    University of Groningen Phonological grammar and frequency Sloos, Marjoleine IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2013 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Sloos, M. (2013). Phonological grammar and frequency: an integrated approach. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 28-09-2021 Summary Phonological grammar and frequency: an integrated approach Language consists of two internal components: the mental lexicon, all memorized morphemes, and the grammar, a set of language rules. In phonology, these two parts are almost always studied independently, viz. usage-based phonology typically investigates the lexicon and generative phonology usually focuses on the grammar. During the last decades, the call for a combined model has gradually become stronger (Ernestus & Baayen (2011), Pierrehumbert (2002), Smolensky & Legendre (2006), van de Weijer (2012)).
    [Show full text]
  • University of California Santa Cruz Minimal Reduplication
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ MINIMAL REDUPLICATION A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in LINGUISTICS by Jesse Saba Kirchner June 2010 The Dissertation of Jesse Saba Kirchner is approved: Professor Armin Mester, Chair Professor Jaye Padgett Professor Junko Ito Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Jesse Saba Kirchner 2010 Some rights reserved: see Appendix E. Contents Abstract vi Dedication viii Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Structureofthethesis ...... ....... ....... ....... ........ 2 1.2 Overviewofthetheory...... ....... ....... ....... .. ....... 2 1.2.1 GoalsofMR ..................................... 3 1.2.2 Assumptionsandpredictions. ....... 7 1.3 MorphologicalReduplication . .......... 10 1.3.1 Fixedsize..................................... ... 11 1.3.2 Phonologicalopacity. ...... 17 1.3.3 Prominentmaterialpreferentiallycopied . ............ 22 1.3.4 Localityofreduplication. ........ 24 1.3.5 Iconicity ..................................... ... 24 1.4 Syntacticreduplication. .......... 26 2 Morphological reduplication 30 2.1 Casestudy:Kwak’wala ...... ....... ....... ....... .. ....... 31 2.2 Data............................................ ... 33 2.2.1 Phonology ..................................... .. 33 2.2.2 Morphophonology ............................... ... 40 2.2.3 -mut’ .......................................... 40 2.3 Analysis........................................ ..... 48 2.3.1 Lengtheningandreduplication.
    [Show full text]
  • Discrimination Against Migrant Workers in Malaysia*
    556 MIMBAR HUKUM Volume 28, Nomor 3, Oktober 2016, Halaman 556-568 DISCRIMINATION AGAINST MIGRANT WORKERS IN MALAYSIA* Zainal A. Ayub** , Zuryati M. Yusoff***, Harlida A.Wahab****, Muhammad H. Badarulzaman***** Labour Law, School of Law Universiti Utara Malaysia UUM-COLGIS, 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia Abstract Migrant workers are often discriminated in almost every aspect of life. Using doctrinal research methodology, this article discusses direct and perceptive discrimination against them. This article concludes that physical discriminations are mostly happened because ineffective enforcement of the law, abuse of powers and human-trafficking problem. Besides, perceptive discrimination happened due to the claim that migrant workers contribute to the crimes hike in Malaysia whereas it is unsupported based on statistic given by The Royal Malaysian Police. Key words: discrimination, migrant workers, crime rate. Intisari Diskriminasi terhadap pekerja migran di Malaysia berlaku hampir dalam setiap aspek kehidupan mereka. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui metode penelitian doktrinal dan membicarakan mengenai diskriminasi secara langsung (fisik) dan diskriminasi berdasar persepsi terhadap golongan migran. Kesimpulannya adalah diskriminasi secara langsung terjadi karena ketidakefektifan undang-undang, relasi kuasa dan perdagangan manusia. Sedangkan diskriminasi berdasar persepsi terjadi karena adanya klaim bahwa pekerja migran menyebabkan peningkatan jinayah padahal hal ini tidak didukung oleh data dari Royal Malaysian Police. Kata Kunci:
    [Show full text]
  • Kelantan and Sarawak Malay Dialects: Parallel Dialect Text Collection and Alignment Using Hybrid Distance-Statistical-Based Phrase Alignment Algorithm
    Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.3 (2021), 2163-2171 Research Article Kelantan and Sarawak Malay Dialects: Parallel Dialect Text Collection and Alignment Using Hybrid Distance-Statistical-Based Phrase Alignment Algorithm Khaw, Jasmina Yen Min1, Tan, Tien-Ping2, Ranaivo-Malancon, Bali3 1Faculty of Information Communication and Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia 2School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia 3Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia [email protected] Article History: Received: 10 November 2020; Revised: 12 January 2021; Accepted: 27 January 2021; Published online: 05 April 2021 Abstract: Parallel texts corpora are essential resources especially in translation and multilingual information retrieval. However, the publicly available parallel text corpora are limited to certain types and domains. Besides, Malay dialects are not standardized in term of writing. The existing alignment algorithms that is used to analayze the writing will require a large training data to obtain a good result. The paper describes our methodology in acquiring a parallel text corpus of Standard Malay and Malay dialects, particularly Kelantan Malay and Sarawak Malay. Second, we propose a hybrid of distance-based and statistical-based alignment algorithm to align words and phrases of the parallel text. The proposed approach has a better precision and recall than the state-of-the-art GIZA++. In the paper, the alignment
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Trends in Transnational Population Inflows Into Malaysia: Policy, Issues and Challenges
    MalaysianRecent JournalTrends ofin EconomicTransnational Studies Population 51 (1): 9-28, Inflows 2014 into Malaysia: Policy, Issues andISSN Challenges 1511-4554 Recent Trends in Transnational Population Inflows into Malaysia: Policy, Issues and Challenges Azizah Kassim* Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Abstract: Malaysia’s foreign population increased rapidly in the last three decades. In 1980, of a population of over 13 million, 0.49 per cent were non- citizens. In 2010, the number of non-citizens increased to 2.3 million, making up 8.3 per cent of a total population of 28.4 million. The majority is low skill workers, both legal and irregular. There are also other groups comprising expatriates, international students, participants of the ‘Malaysia My Second Home’ programme, and asylum seekers/refugees whose numbers are relatively small. The inflows which contribute significantly to economic development have their attendant problems. This paper takes a comprehensive view of all the major inflows, taking a cue from state policy towards them. The inflows are divided into two categories: welcome and problematic inflows. It then outlines how each inflow emerged and expanded, state responses towards them and discusses related issues and challenges. All categories of migrants have both positive and negative impacts, but the low skill workers (including asylum seekers and refugees) are the most challenging especially in relation to the economy, border security, and internal order. The paper concludes with a discussion on the urgent need to review the foreign worker policy including Malaysia’s stand on asylum seekers/refugees to address the problems related to migrants. Key words: Asylum seekers and refugees, expatriates, foreign workers, international students, irregular migrants JEL classification: F22, F24, J15, J23, J38 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Interrogating National Identity Ethnicity, Language and History in K.S
    Dashini Jeyathurai Interrogating National Identity Ethnicity, Language and History in K.S. Maniam's The Return and Shirley Geok-lin Lim's Joss and Gold DASHINI JEYATHURAI University of Michigan at Ann Arbor AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY Dashini Jeyathurai is from Malaysia and received a B.A. in English from Carleton College in Minnesota. Jeyathurai is a first year student in the Joint Ph.D. for English and Women's Studies at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. Introduction organization believes that the Malay ethnic majority are In this paper, I examine how two Malaysian authors, the rightful citizens of Malaysia and deserve to be given ethnically Chinese Shirley Geok-lin Lim and ethnically special political, economic and educational privileges. Indian K.S. Maniam, challenge the Malay identity that Then Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman, a Malay the government has crafted and presented as the himself, created this concept as well as the practice of national identity for all Malaysians. In their novels in giving special privileges to Malays. He also coined the English Joss & Gold (2001) and The Return (1981) term bumiputera (sons/princes of the soil) to refer to respectively, Lim and Maniam interrogate this Malays. Both the term and practice came into official construct through the lenses of ethnicity, history and use in 1965 and are still in existence today. Two years language. In critiquing the government’s troubling later, the predominantly Malay government established construction of a monoethnic and monolingual Malay as the national language of the country. In 1970, national identity, Lim and Maniam present both the the government made Islam the state religion.
    [Show full text]
  • The Perception of Sentence Stress in Malay and English
    The perception of sentence stress in Malay and English Book or Report Section Published Version Setter, J., Yap, N. T. and Stojanovik, V. (2019) The perception of sentence stress in Malay and English. In: Calhoun, S., Escudero, P., Tabain, M. and Warren, P. (eds.) Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Melbourne, Australia 2019. Australasian Speech Science and Technology Association Inc., Canberra, Australia, pp. 2268- 2271. ISBN 9780646800691 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/85971/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Publisher: Australasian Speech Science and Technology Association Inc. All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online THE PERCEPTION OF SENTENCE STRESS IN MALAY AND ENGLISH Jane Setter1, Ngee Thai Yap2 and Vesna Stojanovik1 1University of Reading and 2Universiti Putra Malaysia [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT stress rather than the English tendency to focus more strongly on pitch. As this is a largely under- There is little research on stress and prominence in investigated area, the research presented here sets out Bahasa Melayu (BM). Work which has been done on to test that hypothesis. varieties of Malay concluded that pitch or durational differences do not contribute to the production or 2.
    [Show full text]
  • INDIGENOUS GROUPS of SABAH: an Annotated Bibliography of Linguistic and Anthropological Sources
    INDIGENOUS GROUPS OF SABAH: An Annotated Bibliography of Linguistic and Anthropological Sources Part 1: Authors Compiled by Hans J. B. Combrink, Craig Soderberg, Michael E. Boutin, and Alanna Y. Boutin SIL International SIL e-Books 7 ©2008 SIL International Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2008932444 ISBN: 978-155671-218-0 Fair Use Policy Books published in the SIL e-Books series are intended for scholarly research and educational use. You may make copies of these publications for research or instructional purposes (under fair use guidelines) free of charge and without further permission. Republication or commercial use of SILEB or the documents contained therein is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the copyright holder(s). Series Editor Mary Ruth Wise Volume Editor Mae Zook Compositor Mae Zook The 1st edition was published in 1984 as the Sabah Museum Monograph, No. 1. nd The 2 edition was published in 1986 as the Sabah Museum Monograph, No. 1, Part 2. The revised and updated edition was published in 2006 in two volumes by the Malaysia Branch of SIL International in cooperation with the Govt. of the State of Sabah, Malaysia. This 2008 edition is published by SIL International in single column format that preserves the pagination of the 2006 print edition as much as possible. Printed copies of Indigenous groups of Sabah: An annotated bibliography of linguistic and anthropological sources ©2006, ISSN 1511-6964 may be obtained from The Sabah Museum Handicraft Shop Main Building Sabah Museum Complex, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah,
    [Show full text]
  • Phonological Awareness in Young Bilingual Dyslexics in Malaysia
    Sharmyn Lim Sinnadurai Phonological Awareness in Young Bilingual Dyslexics in Malaysia Master’s thesis in MPhil Linguistics and Language Acquisition (ENG 3920) Trondheim, May 2018 Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Humanities Department of Language and Literature 1 Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 3 Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2: Reading fluency ..................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 3: Factors Influencing Reading Acquisition ............................................................................... 9 PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS ............................................................................................................. 9 ORTHOGRAPHIC DEPTH..................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 4: Dyslexia ................................................................................................................................ 13 Chapter 5: Languages in the study .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings the Asean Community Conference
    ASEAN Community Conference 2015, Bangi, Malaysia, 11-12 November 2015 PROCEEDINGS THE ASEAN COMMUNITY CONFERENCE Published by Institute of Islam Hadhari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA together with Faculty of Human Ecology Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA Department of Islamic Development Malaysia, Blok D7 & D9, Kompleks D, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, 62519 Putrajaya, MALAYSIA 2015 1 ASEAN Community Conference 2015, Bangi, Malaysia, 11-12 November 2015 PROCEEDINGS THE ASEAN COMMUNITY CONFERENCE © Secretariat of the ASEAN Community Conference, Institute of Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia; and Department of Islamic Development Malaysia. 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Secretariat of The ASEAN Community Conference 2015, Institute of Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA; Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA; and Department of Islamic Development Malaysia, Blok D7 & D9, Kompleks D, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, 62519 Putrajaya, MALAYSIA. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data The ASEAN Community Conference (2015 : Bangi, Selangor) PROCEEDINGS THE ASEAN COMMUNITY CONFERENCE : Islamic Civilization in ASEAN Community : Challenges and Hopes, 11th – 12th November 2015, ILIM-Bangi-Selangor / Organized by INSTITUTE OF ISLAM HADHARI, UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA (UKM), FACULTY OF HUMAN ECOLOGY, UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA (UPM), DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT MALAYSIA (JAKIM) ; EDITORS MASHITOH YAACOB, KHAIRUL ANWAR MASTOR, LATIFAH AMIN, NOBAYA AHMAD, ZANARIAH ISMAIL, WAN ZULKIFLI WAN HASSAN, ZUBAIDAH MOHD NASIR, W.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Pronunciation Errors in English of Six Utar Chinese Studies Undergraduates
    AN ANALYSIS OF PRONUNCIATION ERRORS IN ENGLISH OF SIX UTAR CHINESE STUDIES UNDERGRADUATES IVY KHO CHIANN YIING A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BACHELOR OF ARTS (HONS) ENGLISH LANGUAGE FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN APRIL 2011 ABSTRACT This study investigates the pronunciation errors in English made by six Chinese Studies undergraduates according to Contrastive Analysis (CA) and Error Analysis (EA) with the prediction that these pronunciation errors are neither coincidental nor randomly made. These errors reflect the interference of different sound systems on English pronunciation. Speech samples of the subjects’ pronunciation were taken through words and sentences readings. Data was collected and analysed with the guidance of phonemic transcription in Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary. Using Contrastive Analysis, potential difficulties of English pronunciation for the six subjects were listed by comparing the sound systems of English, Mandarin Chinese and Malay. On the other hand, the pronunciation errors of subjects were diagnosed into categories based on Error Analysis. The findings help to provide a clear understanding of the common characteristics of pronunciation errors made by the subjects. DECLARATION I declare that the material contained in this paper is the end result of my own work and that due acknowledgement has been given in the bibliography and references to ALL sources be they printed, electronic or personal. Name : Ivy Kho Chiann Yiing
    [Show full text]