DOCSLIB.ORG

Digital Media and Society Implications in a Hyperconnected Era

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Digital Media and Society Implications in a Hyperconnected Era Industry Agenda Digital Media and Society Implications in a Hyperconnected Era World Economic Forum Shaping the Future Implications of Digital Media for Society project report Prepared in collaboration with Willis Towers Watson January 2016 © WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM, 2016 – All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. REF 181215 Contents Preface 5 Executive Summary We need only look to our own experience – at home, in public spaces and at work – to see that technological 8 Introduction innovation and digitization are fundamentally reshaping our public, private and professional lives. The Fourth Industrial 9 Methodology Revolution is upon us, and the Media, Entertainment and Information (MEI) Industries are at the core of this 10 Section 1: User Behaviour, transformation; they provide the digital tools, services, Preferences and Concerns applications and content we engage with, increasingly anytime and anywhere. 20 Section 2: User Engagement Sarita Nayyar Managing Director 26 Section 3: Impact of Digital Media The emerging digital MEI offerings are the main driver to World Economic smartphone, tablet and other connected device adoption, on Individuals, Organizations and Forum USA as well as to our changing relationship with many other Society elements of daily life, such as health, consumer products and mobility. Around the world, people now spend more 26 Benefits and Opportunities time using laptop computers and smartphones than they 31 Downsides and Risks do in other daily activities, and our “connected time” is on the rise. This is referred to by the World Economic Forum 38 Section 4: Outlook and Call to as hyperconnectivity, and it will continue to affect how we Action interact with one other, how we learn and work, in ways that are both profound and impactful. 42 Project Contributors MEI businesses have greatly benefited from the digital 44 Tables transformation of their industry, but the challenges of content and service congestion and of rapidly evolving 58 Endnotes end-user needs and preferences cannot be ignored. No individual, enterprise or government can afford to be unaware of the implications that the growing use of digital media, entertainment and information content and services (“digital media”) will have on industry and society. MEI enterprises must continue to innovate to keep pace with the emerging media consumer who continually challenges industry business models and offerings. At the same time, we must begin planning for how our increased connection to digital media is and will continue to change the very fabric of our society. With this Digital Media and Society report, the World Economic Forum strives to raise general awareness, catalyse further discussion and stimulate action from its readers. Much can be done by decision-makers in both the public and private sectors to foster the positive implications of increased digital media use and to recognize and address its potentially unfavourable impacts. However, as much as public-private cooperation can improve the lives of citizens, in the context of hyperconnectivity much of this responsibility lies in the hands of the individual. As such, the report has been designed to speak to all types of readers. Whether the reader is a parent, a senior company executive or a government policy-maker, this study provides facts, figures and supporting evidence to all its claims, and includes tangible recommendations to all stakeholders for action. We hope this collective effort by an extensive group of organizations and individuals will stimulate further consideration of, and research into, the implications of ever- increasing digital media use in our lives. Through action, partnership or further research, the ultimate objectives of the World Economic Forum are to ensure that an increasingly connected lifestyle remains an asset to business, individuals and society rather than a liability, and that all stakeholders benefit from our work and insights. Digital Media and Society 3 Executive Summary Innovations in technology, particularly in digital media, Definitions increasingly are changing the way people use Media, Entertainment & Information (MEI) services. More than For the purposes of the Digital Media and Society report, this, the very fabric of daily life is being altered. People digital media is defined as products and services that are interacting and connecting with each other in different come from the media, entertainment and information ways. Their sensibilities and psychologies are changing. industry and its subsectors. It includes digital platforms Blurring boundaries between private and professional lives, (e.g. websites and applications), digitized content and the hunger for immediate information are driving online (e.g. text, audio, video and images) and services (e.g. connection time. Trust in individuals’ relationship with digital information, entertainment and communication) that can media has become an increasingly prominent issue. In some be accessed and consumed through different digital ways, new generations are leading the evolution in changing devices. behaviour, but in others, older generations are “catching up” surprisingly quickly. People’s online behaviours shape their digital identities. Individuals may show different behaviour patterns in The World Economic Forum’s Shaping the Future different contexts (e.g. private versus professional), which Implications of Digital Media for Society project may be described as different digital personae. was launched to provide insights on today’s media, entertainment and information consumer, as well as on the broader impact of digital media use on individuals, User behaviour, preferences and concerns organizations and the larger society.1 As part of that project, the Digital Media and Society report aims to highlight People are spending more and more time online. Consider opportunities in digital media that can be encouraged these approximate figures for 2015:2 and nurtured. The report also signals potentially negative – 3 billion internet users consequences that need to be tackled – individuals and – 2 billion active social media users families can address some; others require the attention of – More than 1.6 billion mobile social accounts institutions, from schools to corporations, and states to national governments. While laptops and desktops are still most commonly used, mobile devices are gaining fast on them, causing Digital Media and Society is based on evidence collected a significant change in people’s engagement with digital through desk research, project workshops, expert interviews media. Growth in mobile encounters is particularly strong in and an online survey. Although the scope is large, it is not emerging countries, where consumers are leapfrogging from intended to be comprehensive. Rather, the report presents “no digital use” straight to “mobile use”. a broad picture of developments in digital media and their implications, in order to raise awareness, spark further Increased online connection time appears to be driven discussion and stimulate the MEI industry and policy-makers mainly by work or information seeking, followed by to cooperate in two crucial ways: by cultivating the positive social and entertainment needs, based on findings from implications of digital media use and by addressing, and the five countries surveyed for this report. Digital media then re-dressing, its potentially negative impacts. consumption for private and professional motives is more and more integrated, with individuals using digital media to move seamlessly back and forth between work and personal activities. Digital Media and Society 5 Sharing content has become a very important element of But new consumption patterns, along with the presence of using digital media, with users most likely to share content more players and creators in the market, bring challenges. that entertains, informs or inspires. Digital media also has Consumer trust is at risk because of fundamental made it possible for billions of online media consumers to concerns about: participate in content creation. One-third of respondents – Truthfulness of content, given its volume, the large to the Implications of Digital Media Survey conducted in number of creators and sources, and need for more October 2015 for this report, say they post written content, clarity around filtering mechanisms. pictures or videos on social media sites either daily or a few – Integrity of the company/consumer value exchange. times each week. – Security of personal data and digital identities from cybercrime, given the significance of this information to a The main characteristics of today’s consumption patterns consumer’s professional, financial and social well-being. can be summarized as follows: – Mobile: People now spend an average of two hours User engagement daily on the mobile web, one-third of their total online time, with Millennials and digital media users in emerging Engaging consumers through digital media requires much countries emerging countries leading the mobile more than simply “pushing” marketing content or services revolution.3 The obvious advantages are that mobile at them. Consumers have become savvy at ignoring usage is less dependent on place and time, and devices ubiquitous display advertisements and more and more are are more affordable than laptops/personal computers using ad-blocking
Load more

Recommended publications
  • State of Oklahoma
    STATE OF OKLAHOMA 1st Extraordinary Session of the 47th Legislature (1999) SENATE BILL 1x By: Robinson AS INTRODUCED An Act relating to the Corporation Commission; amending Section 2, Chapter 408, O.S.L. 1997, as amended by Section 9, Chapter 246, O.S.L. 1998 (17 O.S. Supp. 1998, Section 139.102), which relates to the Oklahoma Telecommunications Act; modifying definition; and providing an effective date. BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA: SECTION 1. AMENDATORY Section 2, Chapter 408, O.S.L. 1997, as amended by Section 9, Chapter 246, O.S.L. 1998 (17 O.S. Supp. 1998, Section 139.102), is amended to read as follows: Section 139.102 As used in the Oklahoma Telecommunications Act of 1997: 1. "Access line" means the facility provided and maintained by a telecommunications service provider which permits access to or from the public switched network; 2. "Commission" means the Corporation Commission of this state; 3. "Competitive local exchange carrier" or "CLEC" means, with respect to an area or exchange, a telecommunications service provider that is certificated by the Commission to provide local exchange services in that area or exchange within the state after July 1, 1995; 4. "Competitively neutral" means not advantaging or favoring one person over another; 5. "End User Common Line Charge" means the flat-rate monthly interstate access charge required by the Federal Communications Commission that contributes to the cost of local service; Req. No. 5010 Page 1 6. "Enhanced service" means a service that is delivered over communications transmission facilities and that uses computer processing applications to: a.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Television Systems
    This page intentionally left blank Digital Television Systems Digital television is a multibillion-dollar industry with commercial systems now being deployed worldwide. In this concise yet detailed guide, you will learn about the standards that apply to fixed-line and mobile digital television, as well as the underlying principles involved, such as signal analysis, modulation techniques, and source and channel coding. The digital television standards, including the MPEG family, ATSC, DVB, ISDTV, DTMB, and ISDB, are presented toaid understanding ofnew systems in the market and reveal the variations between different systems used throughout the world. Discussions of source and channel coding then provide the essential knowledge needed for designing reliable new systems.Throughout the book the theory is supported by over 200 figures and tables, whilst an extensive glossary defines practical terminology.Additional background features, including Fourier analysis, probability and stochastic processes, tables of Fourier and Hilbert transforms, and radiofrequency tables, are presented in the book’s useful appendices. This is an ideal reference for practitioners in the field of digital television. It will alsoappeal tograduate students and researchers in electrical engineering and computer science, and can be used as a textbook for graduate courses on digital television systems. Marcelo S. Alencar is Chair Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil. With over 29 years of teaching and research experience, he has published eight technical books and more than 200 scientific papers. He is Founder and President of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Communications (Iecom) and has consulted for several companies and R&D agencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Watermarking Based on DCT Transform
    A Survey of Digital Watermarking Technologies Lin Liu [email protected] Abstract: This report introduces the basic concepts in digital watermarking. Common watermarking technologies are reviewed. Some experiment results are provided as well. Index Terms: Digital watermarking, copyright protection 1. INTRODUCTION During the past decade, with the development of information digitalization and internet, digital media increasingly predominate over traditional analog media. However, as one of the concomitant side-effects, it is also becoming easier for some individual or group to copy and transmit digital products without the permission of the owner. The digital watermark is then introduced to solve this problem. Covering many subjects such as signal processing, communication theory and Encryption, the research in digital watermark is to provide copyright protection to digital products, and to prevent and track illegal copying and transmission of them. Watermarking is embedding information, which is able to show the ownership or track copyright intrusion, into the digital image, video or audio. Its purpose determines that the watermark should be indivisible and robust to common processing and attack. Currently the digital watermarking technologies can be divided into two categories by the embedding position——spatial domain and transform domain watermark. Spatial domain techniques developed earlier and is easier to implement, but is limited in robustness, while transform domain techniques, which embed watermark in the host’s transform domain, is more sophisticated and robust. With the development of digital watermarking, spatial techniques, due to their weakness in robustness, are generally abandoned, and frequency algorithm based on DCT or DWT becomes the research focus. Another tendency in watermarking is blind extraction, which means the host is not need when extracting the watermark; otherwise it is hard to avoid the multiple claims of ownerships.
    [Show full text]
  • The Epic Guide to Branded Video “There's Always Room for a Story That Can Transport People to Another Place.”
    The Epic Guide to Branded Video “There's always room for a story that can transport people to another place.” J.K. Rowling Foreword Jerrid Grimm Co-Founder & CEO, Pressboard Our sincerest thanks to The power of video is undeniable. The combination of sight and sound evokes emotional responses difficult to replicate through any other format. A story told through video can make people burst into laughter or shed tears of sadness. Video transports the viewer to another place, another time — and with advances in virtual reality it’s even possible to see the world through someone else’s eyes.​ What video is not, by any means, is easy. Fraught with challenges in production, distribution and measurement, video is one of the most resource-heavy creative processes out there. As brands move from making one or two TV commercials a year to creating weekly or even daily video for social media, these challenges grow exponentially.​ Pressboard is a story marketplace. We make it easy for brands to collaborate with hundreds of media publishers on video content — instead of ads. In that same collaborative spirit, we created this guide to combine the wisdom of the greatest video minds in the world and turn those insights into actionable advice that marketers, publishers, creators and technologists can all apply to their own brands. We cannot wait to see the stories that you will tell.​ 3 Foreword Mark Greenspan Chief Influencer, influenceTHIS Founding Members In an effort to support the growth of the branded content industry in Canada we have partnered with Pressboard to distribute this report to marketers, advertisers, influencer networks and creators.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Transformation Through Data: a Guide for News and Media Companies to Drive Value with Data March 2019 Content
    In collaboration with the Activation Guide Digital transformation through data: a guide for news and media companies to drive value with data March 2019 Content Data foundations 7 Culture and ways of working ............................................ 8 Skills ................................................................................... 10 Technology........................................................................ 12 Data ................................................................................... 14 Use cases 17 Improve overall reader engagement Content planning ............................................................. 18 Recirculation ..................................................................... 20 Reader experience ........................................................... 22 Increase direct-paying relationships with readers Subscription pricing and promotion ............................. 24 Design for reader lifetime value (LTV) ........................... 26 Revenue diversification ................................................... 28 Drive revenue from advertisers Audience-based advertising ........................................... 30 Advertising pricing strategy ............................................ 32 Inventory yield management ......................................... 34 Data activation guide: news and media companies | INTRODUCTION 3 Introduction Digital innovation has reshaped the news To capitalize on this evolution, news and and media industry. The transition from print media companies
    [Show full text]
  • The Digital Dilemma 2 Perspectives from Independent Filmmakers, Documentarians and Nonprofi T Audiovisual Archives
    Copyright ©2012 Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. “Oscar,” “Academy Award,” and the Oscar statuette are registered trademarks, and the Oscar statuette the copyrighted property, of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The accuracy, completeness, and adequacy of the content herein are not guaranteed, and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences expressly disclaims all warranties, including warranties of merchantability, fi tness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. Any legal information contained herein is not legal advice, and is not a substitute for advice of an attorney. All rights reserved under international copyright conventions. No part of this document may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher. Published by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Inquiries should be addressed to: Science and Technology Council Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences 1313 Vine Street, Hollywood, CA 90028 (310) 247-3000 http://www.oscars.org Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Digital Dilemma 2 Perspectives from Independent Filmmakers, Documentarians and Nonprofi t Audiovisual Archives 1. Digital preservation – Case Studies. 2. Film Archives – Technological Innovations 3. Independent Filmmakers 4. Documentary Films 5. Audiovisual I. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and
    [Show full text]
  • The State of Recorded Sound Preservation in the United States: a National Legacy at Risk in the Digital Age
    The State of Recorded Sound Preservation in the United States: A National Legacy at Risk in the Digital Age August 2010 Commissioned for and sponsored by the CounCil on library and information resourCes and the library of Congress The State of Recorded Sound Preservation in the United States: A National Legacy at Risk in the Digital Age August 2010 from last round: National Recording Preservation Board OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS revised: Commissioned for and sponsored by the National Recording Preservation Board OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Council on Library and Information Resources and The Library of Congress Washington, D.C. National Recording Registry OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS The National Recording Preservation Board The National Recording Preservation Board was established at the Library of Congress by the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000. Among the provisions of the law are a directive to the Board to study and report on the state of sound recording preservation in the United States. More information about the National Recording Preservation Board can be found at http://www.loc.gov/rr/record/nrpb/. ISBN 978-1-932326-36-9 CLIR Publication No. 148 Copublished by: Council on Library and Information Resources 1752 N Street NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 Web site at http://www.clir.org and The Library of Congress 101 Independence Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20540 Web site at http://www.loc.gov Additional copies are available for $30 each. Orders must be placed through CLIR’s Web site. This publication is also available online at no charge at http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub148abst.html.
    [Show full text]
  • WHY VIDEO? Video Content Engages Viewers at Every Level – It Educates, Entertains and Inspires Them
    INTRODUCTION If your company is not using video to build its brand and attract new customers, you are already behind the curve. In the rapid-paced world of mass-media and Internet marketing, simple text or boring PowerPoint presentations no longer grab and retain consumers’ attention. Four times as many customers would rather watch a video explaining the benefits of a product than read the same information,1 and video’s popularity continues to grow. 43% Marketing software company Hubspot reports that 43 Consumers who actually percent of consumers want to see more video content want to see more video from marketers.2 When was the last time you heard that from marketers. Source: Hubspot consumers actually want to be marketed to? 1 Animoto, 2015 2 16 Video Marketing Statistics to Inform your Q4 Strategy 1 The numbers on video’s rapid and continued growth as a business communication platform are staggering: • 80 percent of internet users will watch • 100 million people watch a video on the a video, while only 20 percent will read internet every day. the full contents of a web page. • Video will account for 80 percent of all • Users spend 88 percent more time on consumer traffic on internet by 2019. websites that include video content. And video’s value goes well beyond simply getting customers to hang around your website a little longer. Video is also a powerful medium for creating a lasting impression. Research indicates that viewers retain 95 percent of the information they consume while watching a video, compared to just 10 percent if they read the same information in simple text.
    [Show full text]
  • DIGITAL Media Players Have MEDIA Evolved to Provide PLAYERS a Wide Range of Applications and Uses
    2011-2012 Texas 4-H Study Guide - Additional Resources DigitalDIGITAL media players have MEDIA evolved to provide PLAYERS a wide range of applications and uses. They come in a range of shapes and sizes, use different types of memory, and support a variety of file formats. In addition, digital media players interface differently with computers as well as the user. Consideration of these variables is the key in selecting the best digital media player. In this case, one size does not fit all. This guide is intended to provide you, the consumer, with information that will assist you in making the best choice. Key Terms • Digital Media Player – a portable consumer electronic device that is capable of storing and playing digital media. The data is typically stored on a hard drive, microdrive, or flash memory. • Data – information that may take the form of audio, music, images, video, photos, and other types of computer files that are stored electronically in order to be recalled by a digital media player or computer • Flash Memory – a memory chip that stores data and is solid-state (no moving parts) which makes it much less likely to fail. It is generally very small (postage stamp) making it lightweight and requires very little power. • Hard Drive – a type of data storage consisting of a collection of spinning platters and a roving head that reads data that is magnetically imprinted on the platters. They hold large amounts of data useful in storing large quantities of music, video, audio, photos, files, and other data. • Audio Format – the file format in which music or audio is available for use on the digital media player.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Media: Rise of On-Demand Content 2 Contents
    Digital Media: Rise of On-demand Content www.deloitte.com/in 2 Contents Foreword 04 Global Trends: Transition to On-Demand Content 05 Digital Media Landscape in India 08 On-demand Ecosystem in India 13 Prevalent On-Demand Content Monetization Models 15 On-Demand Content: Music Streaming 20 On-Demand Content: Video Streaming 28 Conclusion 34 Acknowledgements 35 References 36 3 Foreword Welcome to the Deloitte’s point of view about the rise key industry trends and developments in key sub-sectors. of On-demand Content consumption through digital In some cases, we seek to identify the drivers behind platforms in India. major inflection points and milestones while in others Deloitte’s aim with this point of view is to catalyze our intent is to explain fundamental challenges and discussions around significant developments that may roadblocks that might need due consideration. We also require companies or governments to respond. Deloitte aim to cover the different monetization methods that provides a view on what may happen, what could likely the players are experimenting with in the evolving Indian occur as a consequence, and the likely implications for digital content market in order to come up with the various types of ecosystem players. most optimal operating model. This publication is inspired by the huge opportunity Arguably, the bigger challenge in identification of the Hemant Joshi presented by on-demand content, especially digital future milestones about this evolving industry and audio and video in India. Our objective with this report ecosystem is not about forecasting what technologies is to analyze the key market trends in past, and expected or services will emerge or be enhanced, but in how they developments in the near to long-term future which will be adopted.
    [Show full text]
  • Technology, Media and Telecommunications Review
    Telecommunications Review Telecommunications the Technology, Media and and Media Technology, Technology, Media and Telecommunications Review Eleventh Edition Editor Matthew T Murchison Eleventh Edition lawreviews © 2020 Law Business Research Ltd Technology, Media and Telecommunications Review Eleventh Edition Reproduced with permission from Law Business Research Ltd This article was first published in December 2020 For further information please contact [email protected] Editor Matthew T Murchison lawreviews © 2020 Law Business Research Ltd PUBLISHER Tom Barnes SENIOR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER Nick Barette BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER Joel Woods SENIOR ACCOUNT MANAGERS Pere Aspinall, Jack Bagnall ACCOUNT MANAGERS Olivia Budd, Katie Hodgetts, Reece Whelan PRODUCT MARKETING EXECUTIVE Rebecca Mogridge RESEARCH LEAD Kieran Hansen EDITORIAL COORDINATOR Gavin Jordan PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS DIRECTOR Adam Myers PRODUCTION EDITOR Anna Andreoli SUBEDITOR Martin Roach CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Nick Brailey Published in the United Kingdom by Law Business Research Ltd, London Meridian House, 34–35 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A 4HL, UK © 2020 Law Business Research Ltd www.TheLawReviews.co.uk No photocopying: copyright licences do not apply. The information provided in this publication is general and may not apply in a specific situation, nor does it necessarily represent the views of authors’ firms or their clients. Legal advice should always be sought before taking any legal action based on the information provided. The publishers
    [Show full text]
  • Blu-Ray Disc PLAYER Thank You for Buying This Pioneer Product
    Operating Instructions Blu-ray Disc PLAYER Thank you for buying this Pioneer product. Please read through these operating instructions so you will know how to operate your model properly. After you have finished reading the instructions, put them away in a safe place for future reference. IMPORTANT CAUTION RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT OPEN The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol, CAUTION: The exclamation point within an equilateral within an equilateral triangle, is intended to TO PREVENT THE RISK OF ELECTRIC triangle is intended to alert the user to the alert the user to the presence of uninsulated SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR presence of important operating and "dangerous voltage" within the product's BACK). NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS maintenance (servicing) instructions in the enclosure that may be of sufficient INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED literature accompanying the appliance. magnitude to constitute a risk of electric SERVICE PERSONNEL. shock to persons. D3-4-2-1-1_En-A IMPORTANT NOTICE D1-4-2-6-1_En NOTE: !#"!"!"#"'%"""! !!"$# !#"" "" #!!"! !" $ ! ""!" #" !"!""!#" "!#!! " #' '" !"#! %""!" #"!'#! #" " #"! %$ " !# """" %"# "# !"" "!#"! #! #" " "$! "%" '"# "#" "#! !# "" '" """ ' "%!# ! ( " "" $" ( !"! ""%"#" $ ( ""#""#"" #" " """%" $ !" ( !#"" & " D8-10-1-2_En Information to User D8-10-2_En !# CAUTION: D8-10-3a_En "! !!$ !-.6)*9.(*(3140.*6:.7-4&57 3+7-*80*64*5&7.32.668'/*(7737-*+3003:.2,7:3(32).7.326!-.6 )*9.(*1&;237(&86*-&51+80.27*5+*5*2(*&2) 7-.6)*9.(*1867&((*47&2;.27*5+*5*2(*5*(*.9*).2(08).2, .27*5+*5*2(*7-&71&;(&86*82)*6.5*)34*5&7.32 53)8(7&1*085&;.6( $ 3)*081'*5 *64326.'0*&57;&1*! # ))5*66 "% ! " -32* CAUTION : USE OF CONTROLS OR ADJUSTMENTS OR PERFORMANCE OF PROCEDURES OTHER THAN THOSE SPECIFIED HEREIN MAY RESULT IN HAZARDOUS RADIATION EXPOSURE.
    [Show full text]