The Development of the Constitutional System in the Kingdom of Bahrain

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The Development of the Constitutional System in the Kingdom of Bahrain يف مملكة البحرين The Development of the Constitutional System In The Kingdom of Bahrain الأمانة العامة General Secretariat 2015 يف مملكة البحرين The Development of the Constitutional System In The Kingdom of Bahrain 2015 يف مملكة البحرين 2015 The Development of the Constitutional System In The Kingdom of Bahrain املغفور له باإذن اهلل تعاىل ح�سرة �ساحب اجلﻻلة �ساحب ال�سمو امللكي �ساحب ال�سمو امللكي �ساحب ال�سمو امللك حمد بن عي�سى اآل خليفة الأمري خليفة بن �سلمان اآل خليفة الأمري �سلمان بن حمد اآل خليفة ال�سيخ عي�سى بن �سلمان اآل خليفة ملك مملكة البحرين رئي�س جمل�س الوزراء ويل العهد نائب القائد الأعلى اأمري البﻻد الراحل النائب الأول لرئي�س جمل�س الوزراء H.R.H. Prince Salman H.R.H. Prince Khalifa H.M. King Hamad Bin H. H. Shaikh Isa Bin Bin Hamad Al Khalifa Bin Salman Al Khalifa Isa Al Khalifa Salman Al Khalifa The crown prince The Prime Minister King of Bahrain Late Amir of Bahrain Deputy Supreme commander First Deputy Prime Minister الـفـهـــر�س Contenents ال�����ت�����ط�����ور ال�����ت�����اري�����خ�����ي ل����ل����ن����ظ����ام ال������د�������س������ت������وري يف Historical Development of the Constitutional System in the مملكة البحرين ............................................ Kingdom of Bahrain .................................................................. 6 اإ�سدار الد�ستور ............................................ Issuance of the Constitution .................................................... 8 املجل�س الوطني )1973 - 1975م( .......................... The National Council (1973-1975) ........................................... 10 جمل�س ال�سورى )1992 - 2002م( ........................... The Shura Council (1992-2002) ........................................... 11 د�ستور مملكة البحرين .................................... The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain ............................ 12 نظام احلكم ورئي�س الدولة ................................. Governance System and the Head of State ......................... 14 املقومات الأ�سا�سية للمجتمع البحريني .................. Basic Constituents of Society ............................................... 15 احلقوق والواجبات ........................................ Public Rights and Obligations .................................................... 16 ال�سلطات .................................................. Public Authorities ...................................................................... 17 اأول: ال�سلطة التنفيذية .................................... First: The Executive Authority ........................................................ 17 ثانيا: ال�سلطة الت�سريعية ................................. Second: The Legislative Authority ...................................... 18 ثالثا: ال�سلطة الق�سائية ................................. Third: The Judicial Authority ................................................. 20 ديوان الرقابة املالية ....................................... National Audit Court ................................................................ 21 كيفية تعديل الد�ستور .................................... How to amend the constitution .................................................. 21 التعديﻻت الد�ستورية - 2012م ............................ Constitutional Admendments - 2012 ............................................ 22 التطور التاريخي للنظام الد�ستوري يف مملكة البحرين Historical Development of the Constitutional System in the Kingdom of Bahrain عرفت � ُلبحرين �لإد� َرة �حلديثة بعد تويل �ل�سيخ عي�سى بن علي �آل خليفة مقاليد Bahrain witnessed and enjoyed the type of modern administration for the first �حلكم يف �لبﻻد يف 2 دي�سمرب 1869م ، وقد تاأ�س�ست يف �لربع �لأول من �لقرن time when the late ruler Shaikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa became the ruler of the �مليﻻدي �لع�سرين �أوىل �لدو�ئر �حلكومية ، حيث تاأ�س�ست بلدية �ملنامة يف �سنة ,country on the 2nd of December 1869. In the first quarter of the twentieth century 1919م كثالث بلدية عربية ، وكذلك د�ئرة �جلمارك ود�ئرة �ل�سرطة �لتي تاأ�س�ست the modern government administration was established. Manama municipality was founded in 1919 and became the third Arab Municipality Council. Customs يف يوم �جلمعة 21 �سبتمرب 1921م وكذلك �ملحاكم وغريها من �لدو�ئر �حلكومية and Police Directorates were opened on the Friday of the 21st of September ً �لتي �عترب تاأ�سي�سها ريادة بالن�سبة لكثري من �لدول �ملجاورة بل ولعدد من �لدول in addition to other Government directorates. Bahrain was regarded by 1921 �لعربية. .several neighboring countries and Arab countries as a pioneer in development يعترب يوم 20 يوليو من �سنة 1920م ًتاريخا ًمهما يف �لتاريخ �لبحريني �حلديث The 20th of July 1920 has been regarded as an important date in the modern ، ففي ذلك �ليوم �سدر �أول قانون مكتوب يف �لبحرين وهو قانون �لبلدية و�لذي history of Bahrain. On that day, the Municipality Law which was the first written ��ستمل كذلك على عدد من �لقو�نني �خلا�سة بالنظافة و�لرفق باحليو�ن وقو�نني ,law in Bahrain was issued. It included several rules concerning cleanliness مرورية رغم �أن عدد �ل�سيار�ت يف ذلك �لوقت يف �لبحرين مل يتجاوز 6 �سيار�ت animal care, and traffic laws. Interestingly though, there were only six cars in فقط. .Bahrain at that time و� ًنطﻻقا نحو �مل�ساركة �ل�سعبية �ملبكرة يف تاريخ �لبحرين Public participation in Bahrain›s history and of the other و�إمار�ت �خلليج �لعربية ، جرت يف �لبحرين يف �سنة 1924م �أول Arab Gulf Emirates began early in 1924. Bahrain witnessed �نتخابات بلدية ومما ي�سهد له يف تلك �لنتخابات م�ساركة �ملر�أة its first municipality elections which distinctively allowed the �لبحرينية فيها ، ويعترب ذلك �إجن��از ً� كبري ً� للم�ساركة �ل�سعبية participation of women. Public participation in the municipality ً ً elections in Bahrain and the participation of women in the �لبحرينية عموما ومل�ساركة �مل��ر�أة �لبحرينية خ�سو�سا ، �إذ� ما election were indeed a great leap and a progressive move in عرفنا �أن عدد ً� كبري ً� من دول �أوروبا و�لعامل يف تلك �لفرتة مل متنح the history of Bahrain. At that time, many European and other �ملر�أة فيها حق �لنتخاب ومنها بريطانيا نف�سها. countries in the world, Britain among them, did not give woman the right to vote. �ساحب العظمة ال�سيخ عي�سى بن علي اآل خليفة The late Shaikh Hamad Bin Isa Bin Ali Al Khalifa 6 و�سهد عهد حاكم �لبحرين �ملغفور له ب��اإذن �لله �ساحب �لعظمة �ل�سيخ حمد بن The period of the late ruler Shaikh Hamad bin Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa (1932- عي�سى بن علي �آل خليفة )1932-1942م( وكذلك جنله وخليفته �ملغفور له باإذن and also the period of his son, the late ruler Shaikh Salman bin ,(1942 �لله �ساحب �لعظمة �ل�سيخ �سلمان بن حمد �آل خليفة )1942-1961م( �إن�ساء �ملزيد Hamad bin Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa (1942-1961) witnessed the establishment of من �لدو�ئر �حلكومية و�لتي �سدرت عنها باملقابل �لعديد من �لقو�نني �ملنظمة ل�سري additional government administrations to further organize the governmental system. Announcements and declarations by the government where fixed on عملها ، وعرفت �لبحرين ب�سكل مميز �لإع��ﻻن��ات �حلكومية �لتي كان تل�سق على walls, buildings, and market places to fully apprise Bahraini citizens including ً ً ً جدر�ن �لدو�ئر �حلكومية و�ملباين يف �لأ�سو�ق ، و�لتي كانت ر�فد� �إعﻻميا وقانونيا .expatriates of the latest news and official rules للمو�طنني و�ملقيمني يتعرفون من خﻻلها على �آخر �لأخبار و�لقو�نني �لر�سمية. The era of the late ruler His Highness Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa (1961- وكان عهد �ملغفور له ب��اإذن �لله �ساحب �ل�سمو �ل�سيخ عي�سى بن �سلمان �آل خليفة .was the era of establishing the modern State of Bahrain (1999 )1961-1999م( عهد تاأ�سي�س �لدولة �حلديثة و�إ�سد�ر �أول د�ستور يف تاريخ �لبﻻد حيث �سادق على �أول د�ستور يف 6 دي�سمرب 1973م. The late Emir has signed and issued the very first Constitution in the history of the country on the 6th of December 1973. �ساحب العظمة �ساحب العظمة �ساحب ال�سمو ال�سيخ حمد بن عي�سى بن علي اآل خليفة ال�سيخ �سلمان بن حمد بن عي�سى بن علي اآل خليفة ال�سيخ عي�سى بن �سلمان بن حمد اآل خليفة His Highness Shaikh His great Highness Shaikh His great Highness Shaikh Isa Bin Salman Bin Hamad Al Khalifa Salman Bin Hamad Al Khalifa Hamad Bin Isa Bin Ali Al Khalifa 7 اإ�ســـدار الــد�ســتــور Issuance of Bahrain Constitution كانت �لبحرين وهي تتجه نحو �ل�ستقﻻل وتكوين �لدولة على موعد مع �لتاريخ، The 14th of August 1971 was the historic date when Bahrain and its people obtained وكان ذلك �لتاريخ هو 14 �أغ�سط�س 1971م. .independence and taken the first step in building its own independent State يف ذلك �ليوم �أذيع بيان ��ستقﻻل دولة �لبحرين ، ويف �ليوم �لثاين مت �لتوقيع على On that day, an announcement had been broadcasted declaring the independence �تفاقية �إنهاء �ملعاهد�ت �لتعاهدية بني �لبحرين و�ململكة �ملتحدة ، وكذلك مت ت�سكيل of the State of Bahrain. The following day, an agreement was signed ending the �أول جمل�س وزر�ء يف تاريخ �لبحرين. covenant treaty between Bahrain and the United Kingdom. It was also on that same day that the first Council of Ministers in the history of Bahrain was constituted. ويف خطوة مهمة �أخرى يف �سعي دولة �لبحرين نحو �حلكم �لد�ستوري ، �سدر يف In another important step taken by Bahrain towards Constitutional rule, an Amiri 20 يونيو 1972م مر�سوم �أمريي عن �أمري دولة �لبحرين �لر�حل �ملغفور له باإذن �لله Decree was issued by His Highness the late Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa �ساحب �ل�سمو �ل�سيخ عي�سى بن �سلمان �آل خليفة رحمه �لله يق�سي باإن�ساء جمل�س on the 20th of June 1972, mandating to create a Constitutional Assembly that تاأ�سي�سي لو�سع م�سروع د�ستور لدولة �لبحرين ، و�سدر مر�سوم �أمريي �آخر بعد .would be in charge of setting up a Draft Constitution for the new State of Bahrain After one month, on the 19th of July 1972, another Decree was issued concerning �سهر يف 19 يوليو 1972م ب�ساأن �أحكام �لنتخابات للمجل�س �لتاأ�سي�سي حددت فيه the provisions of elections of the Constitutional Assembly which specified the ُفئات و�أعمار �لناخبني وبقية �ل�سروط �لتي يتع نّني تو�فرها فيهم. .categories, ages, voters, and other conditions to be applied in the election process الت�سويت لنتخاب اأع�ساء املجل�س التاأ�سي�سي Bahrainis go to the ballot box to elect members of the constituent Assembly ًوتفعيﻻ لذلك �ملر�سوم �سدر يف 19 يوليو 1972م �أي�س ًا قر�ر عن �ساحب �ل�سمو �ل�سيخ خليفة بن �سلمان �آل خليفة رئي�س �لوزر�ء �ملوقر حددت فيه �ملناطق و�لدو�ر �لنتخابية ، فق�سمت �لبحرين �إىل 8 مناطق ت�سم 19 د�ئرة �نتخابية.
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