APPENDIX Glossary Project Kahea Loko ~ 003 Paci6c American Foundation Glossary Sources: Pukui and Elbert. 1986. Hawaiian Dictionary; Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. 1996! A assessment a measurement of a student's ability or skill acre a unit of land measure equal to 43,500 'aumakua family or personal gods or square feet or 1/640 of a square mile ancestors who may take the form of ad libitum at one's leisure sharks, birds, octopuses, eels, mice, rats, aerate provide with oxygen dogs, rocks, caterpillars, clouds, or plants agriculture raising of plants or animals on 'awa the kava plant, the root being the land source of a narcotic drink 'aha'aina feast awa milkfish Chanos charcos! aholehole flagtail fish Zuhlia awa 'aua or awa 'awa ladyfish or tenpounder sandvi censis! fish Elops hawaiensis! ahupua'a traditional Hawaiian land unit 'auwai ditch or small canal usually extending from mountain 'auwai kai ditch or small canal connecting summits to the outer edges of reefs the fishpond to the ocean 'aina land, environment axis a straight line about which a body or a akule big-eyed scad fish Selar geometric figure rotates or may be crumenopthalmus! supposed to rotate algae aquatic plants and organisms containing chlorophyll B ahen not having originated in or not occurrmg naturally in a particular bacteria various organisms that are region or environment involved in fermentation and putrefaction ali'i chief, ruler biodegradable material that will decompose into the environment; capable of decaying ali'i 'ai ahupua'a chief who rules an through the action of living organisms ahupua'a land division within a moku brackish slightly salty, a mixture of fresh water and sea water ali'i nui high chief ali'i moku chief who rules a moku land district! C aloha 'aina love for the land caloric energy energy from food calories 'ama'ama striped mullet fish Mugil carnivore animal that eats other animals cephalus! catalyst that which causes activity between aquaculture raising of plants or animals in two forces without itself being affected water celestial pertaining to the sky or visible atoll a roughly circular reef surrounding a heaven broad lagoon centimeter a length measurement of one artifact any object made by humans hundredth of a meter or 0.3937 inches Project Kahea Loko ~ G03 Pacific American Foundation Appendix Page 1 Glossary chlorophyll the green coloring matter of leaves and plants circulation the moving or flowing of ebb the flowing back of the tide as water something from place to place or in a returns to the sea circle ecological living organisms and their circumtropical throughout the tropics relationship to the environment ecosystem a system formed by the conservation prevention of injury, decay, interaction of a community of organisms waste or loss; wise use, management, and with their environment preservation of natural resources consumer organism that feeds on other efficiency ability to accomplish something with a minimal amount of time and organisms energy conversion a physical transformation from 'ele'ele long, filamentous, green, edible one material or state to another seaweed courier messenger, someone who carries endemic native to an area; occurring something from one place to another naturally nowhere else cultural anthropologist someone who engineer to arrange, manage, or carry studies human social and cultural through systems, particularly customs, values and beliefs of a culture environment all the conditions, circumstances, and influences affecting an area estuary the lower part of a stream or river decimate to reduce drastically, especially where the currents meets the tide of the in number ocean decomposition the processof organic and ethnocentric having race as a central inorganic materials being broken down interest; assuming one's group to be into smaller fragments or simpler superior compounds eutrophication the decay of abundant plant decomposer organism that feeds on dead or animal life resulting in the lack of plants and animals and helps break them oxygen in shallow waters down into nutrients to be used again excavate to dig or scoopout sand or dirt; to density the number of individuals per unit form a hole or depression area derived to get or receive something from a F source; received detritus material that has decayed or fathom a unit of length equal to six feet, usually used to measure depth rotted feet length measurements of 12 inches or diatoms unicellular or colonial 30.48 centimeters phytoplankton whose cell walls contain silica fish fry young fishes dissolved oxygen oxygen dissolved in fishpond an enclosure for keeping fish water fishtrap a structure for trapping fish diversity variety fluctuation continual change from one position to another Appendix Page 2 Project Kahea Loko ' 003 Paci6c American Foundation Glossary flux change in flow of the of tide imu underground oven food chain a series of organisms indigenous native to an area, but also interrelated in their feeding habits, the occurring naturally in other areas smallest being fed upon by a larger one, ingenuity cleverness or skillfulness of which in turn is eaten by an even larger conception or design one innovation introduction of new things or food web a series of organisms related by methods pr edator-prey activities intrinsic belonging to the real nature of a fungi mold, mildew, mushrooms, rusts thing; inherent or natural introduce to bring in or establish, as something foreign or alien habitat environment that is natural for the life and growth of an organism juvenile young, immature heat energy added or external energy that causes a rise in temperature, expansion, evaporation, or other physical change ka hana no'eau wise deeds he'e day octopus Octopus cyanea! or night octopus Octopus ornatus!, commonly kala unicorn fish Naso unicornis! known as squid kabala amberjack fish Seriola dumerilii! hemisphere half of a spherical or roughly kai sea water spherical body as a planet!; the northern kaku barracuda fish Sphyraena or southern half of the earth divided by barracuda! the equator or the eastern or western half divided by a meridian kalo taro Colocasia esculenta! herbivore animal that eats plants ka po'e kahiko the people of old hihimanu - stingray kapu taboo hinalea wrasse fish Thalassoma sp.! kau wela hot, dry seasonin Hawai'i from May through October ho'a'o take a chance kia'i loko caretaker of a pond ho'ihi respect ko'a shrine consisting of circular piles of ho'oilo cool, wet season in Hawai'i, from coral or stone, built along the shore or by October through April ponds or streams, used in ceremonies to huaka'i field trip; excursion make fish multiply; or fishing grounds, hukilau a seine; to fish with a seine usually identified by lining up with huli kanaka profound studies of any kind, marks on shore moral philosophy, seienee; anthropologist konohiki supervisor of an ahupua'a who controlled the land, water, and fishing hypothesis assumption or guess rights kuapa seawall kula plains; open country i'a - fish or other marine animal kuleana responsibility ili land division, next in importance to an Kumulipo Hawaiian creation chant, source ahupua'a of life Project Kahea Loko ~ O2003 Paci6c American Foundation Appendix Page 3 Glossary Ku'ula or Ku'ulakai god of the fishers maka'ainana commoners, people that tend Ku'ula stone or Ku stone any stone god the land used to attract fish makai toward the sea kuhikuhipu'uone expert in the building of makaha sluice grate or gate, as in a fishponds fishpond kumu goatfish Parupeneus porphyreus! malama care for malama ola means of support or livelihood; to support life manini convict tang fish Aeanthurus la sun sandvicensis! landform a natural feature of a land mauka toward the mountain surface such as a mountain, hill, valley, or melatonin a hormone secreted by the stream pineal gland that is stimulated by landmark a distinguishing landscape darkness and inhibited by light feature marking a site or location mele song landscape a section of scenery that can be melomelo stick or club used as a lure, seen from a single viewpoint rubbed or wiped with roasted coconut or larva early life form that is fundamentally kukui nut flesh or aromatic leaves unlike the parent and eventually meter a length measurement equivalent to metamorphoses to become an adult 39.37 inches laulima cooperation, working together mile a ineasure of length equal to 5,280 feet lawai'a fisher microalgae microscopic photosynthetic limu seaweed chlorophyll-containing! organisms that iimu kalawai freshwater pond algae are usually single cells; these aquatic forms are oAen referred to as lo'i taro patch phyto plankton lokahi balance; unity mo'ala long-eyed swimming crab loko i'a fishpond Podophthalmus vigil! loko i'a kalo combination freshwater moi Pacific threadfin fish Polydactyl us fishpond and taro patch sexfilis! loko kuapa seawater fishpond with rock moku land district walls situated on a reef flat mo'olelo story, legend, history, tradition loko wai freshwater or brackish water mo'oka'ao story, legend, fanciful tale pond adjacent to a stream loko 'ume iki shore fishtrap with lanes to guide fish at both low and high tide N lu'au Hawaiian feast native being the place or environment in which a person was born or a thing came into being M nehu anchovy Stolephorus purpureus! macroalgae large multi-celled plants and niche the ecological role of an organism