Animals in Space

By Yasmine Avila, Matthew Brown, Sarah Siegel, and Michelle Ji Introduction

❖ Our Topic: Animals in Space ➢ Very specific, but enough information ➢ Interesting

❖ Prior Theory: humans will not survive long periods of weightlessness ❖ Long debates: scientists- effects of weightlessness ❖ Scientists utilized animals ➢ Mainly monkeys, chimps and dogs ■ Test each country's ability to launch a living organism into space ■ Bring it back alive and unharmed

Gray, T. (2004, August 2). A Brief History of Animals in Space. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from http://history.nasa.gov/animals.html “Laika the Dog & the First Animals in Space” (Website)

❏ “The United States and the U.S.S.R. had been putting animals atop rockets since 1947.” ❏ Dogs, monkeys, and chimps were used to test the safety of launching large living beings into outer space and returning them safely. ❏ Animals used in microgravity and zero gravity: - Wasps - Ants - Brine - Beetles - Frogs - Shrimp - Tortoises - Mice - Jellyfish “The History of Animals in Space” infographic - Flies - Crickets - Guinea Pigs (left) courtesy of SPACE.com and Laika, the - Worms - Rats - Butterflies first animal to orbit the Earth in Soviet sattelite - Fish - Newts - Scorpions Sputnik II (top). Image retrieved from - Spiders - Snails -Cockroaches https://www.spaceanswers.com/space-explorati - Rabbits - Urchins on/heroes-of-space-laika-the-space-dog/ - Bees - Moths

❏ Belka and Strelka (August 19, 2016) = First animals to orbit Earth and return alive.

Dohrer, E. (2012, September 25). Laika the Dog & the First Animals in Space.

Retrieved from http://www.space.com/17764-laika-first-animals-in-space.html ● Started with seeds, plants, small Fundamentals of Space Biology Research on Cells, Animals and Plants in Space insects ● America ○ Fruit Flies 1946 ○ Able and Baker 1959 ● Russia-Laika 1957 ● Tortoises, worms, more animals and for longer

Chimpanzee Ham on the Mercury-Redstone rocket in Miss Baker awaits liftoff! Photo 1961. Photo courtesy of NASA. courtesy of NASA. “Space Travel, Technology and Aliens”

● Media portrays fictional events in which extraterrestrial creatures come down to Earth and are able to survive. Ex: E.T. and WALL·E ○ Poses the question if in the real world the reverse is possible with animals sent up to space. ● Earliest animals used for aeronautical exploration were a sheep, duck, and rooster (1783). Albert II in preparation for his historic ● Albert II became the first monkey in space but flight. Image Credit: NASA did not survive (1949). ○ Many more animals sent after (1950s-1960s).

(2013, May 24). Space travel, technology, and aliens. The Times Educational Supplement. Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic/?verb=sr&csi=235865 Conclusion

❖ Past 50 years, scientists have utilized the animal world for testing ❖ Disadvantage ➢ Loss of animals during testing ❖ Advantage ➢ Taught scientists a tremendous amount more than could have been learned without them ➢ Without animals: great losses of human life ➢ Animals could perform services that humans could not have ➢ Paved the way for humanity's travel into space

Gray, T. (2004, August 2). A Brief History of Animals in Space. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from http://history.nasa.gov/animals.html Works Cited

Clement, G. Slenzka, K. (2006). Fundamentals of Space Biology: Research on Cells, Animals,

and Plants in Space. New York, NY: Springer New York.

Dohrer, E. (2012, September 25). Laika the Dog & the First Animals in Space. Retrieved from

http://www.space.com/17764-laika-first-animals-in-space.html

(2013, May 24). Space travel, technology, and aliens. The Times Educational Supplement.

Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic/?verb=sr&csi=235865