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Ciência E Cidadania» Sobrecapa Caraça 17/6/08 16:51 Page 1 Outros títulos de interesse: Este é um livro de homenagem a Bento de Jesus Caraça, personalidade Luísa Schmidt é socióloga no que marcou profundamente o universo científico português do Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Razão, Tempo e Tecnologia Universidade de Lisboa. Faz parte do XX Estudos em Homenagem século . Nos dias que passam, em que o saber científico parece ter grupo de investigadores que fundou o a Hermínio Martins perdido a nitidez e a estabilidade de contornos que o caracterizavam, OBSERVA – Observatório Permanente Manuel Villaverde Cabral o exemplo humano de uma figura com a dimensão ética de Bento de de Ambiente, Sociedade e Opinião José Luís Garcia Jesus Caraça tornou-se precioso, vital até. Através dele e do seu Pública. É membro do Conselho Helena Mateus Jerónimo Luísa Schmidt /(orgs.) de Pina Cabral João Nacional do Ambiente (organizadores) percurso, encontramos com mais clareza o fulcro dessa relação ainda e Desenvolvimento Sustentável hoje incontornável entre «ciência e cidadania». Dilemas da Civilização e do Conselho Consultivo do Programa A obra compõe-se de duas partes distintas. Uma primeira, em que Gulbenkian Ambiente. Tecnológica Bento de Jesus Caraça é apresentado ao público contemporâneo, Hermínio Martins João de Pina Cabral é Investigador José Luís Garcia reunindo textos que revelam o seu percurso intelectual, político e Coordenador do Instituto de Ciências (organizadores) humano. Aí se torna patente por que é que o ilustre matemático, tão Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa. precocemente falecido, se tornou uma figura tutelar no debate sobre Foi Presidente da Associação Europeia Ambiente no Ecrã a relação entre ciência e sociedade em Portugal. João Caraça, Paulo Emissões e demissões de Antropólogos Sociais (2003-2005) no serviço público televisivo Almeida, Helena Neves e Alberto Pedroso escrevem sobre o brilhante e é Membro Honorário do Royal Luísa Schmidt cientista e notável cidadão. Anthropological Institute. Os ensaios reunidos na segunda parte abordam a temática «ciência Nos anos 90, dedicou-se ao estudo de Macau. Mais recentemente tem vindo Os Portugueses e cidadania» a partir de distintas perspectivas. Sessenta anos após a sua e os Novos Riscos a estudar a relação entre nomes e morte, a questão continua premente, emergindo agora em novas áreas Maria Eduarda Gonçalves pessoas no Baixo Sul da Bahia (Brasil). (coordenadora) e sob novos olhares. No mundo em que vivemos, a ciência penetra o nosso quotidiano, chegando a esconder-se por trás da sua omnipresença. Urge construir visões mais informadas da sua presença na polis. Em resposta a este desafio, foi possível reunir uma colecção de ensaios de grande actualidade de Fernando Gil, Hermínio Martins, João Arriscado Ciência e Cidadania Nunes, Luísa Schmidt, Maria Eduarda Gonçalves, Nuno Crato, Ruy de Ciência e Cidadania Carvalho e Viriato Soromenho-Marques. Homenagem Capa: João Abel Manta: Bento de Jesus Caraça, cartoon, 1974 Apoio: a Bento de Jesus Caraça Luísa Schmidt João de Pina Cabral (organizadores) ICS ICS www.ics.ul.pt/imprensa 00 Caraça Intro 12/6/08 11:38 Page 2 00 Caraça Intro 12/6/08 11:38 Page 3 00 Caraça Intro 12/6/08 11:38 Page 4 00 Caraça Intro 12/6/08 11:38 Page 5 Ciência e Cidadania Homenagem a Bento de Jesus Caraça Luísa Schmidt João de Pina Cabral (organizadores) 00 Caraça Intro 12/6/08 11:38 Page 6 Imprensa de Ciências Sociais Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa Av. Prof. Aníbal de Bettencourt, 9 1600-189 Lisboa- Portugal Telef. 21 780 4700 – Fax 21 794 0274 www.ics.ul.pt/imprensa E-mail: [email protected] Instituto de Ciências Sociais — Catalogação na Publicação Ciência e Cidadania : homenagem a Bento de Jesus Caraça / organizadores Luísa Schmidt e João de Pina Cabral. — Lisboa : ICS. Imprensa de Ciências Sociais, 2008. ISBN 978-972-671-218-3 CDU 001 Capa e concepção gráfica: João Segurado Revisão: Levi Condinho Impressão e acabamento: Tipografia Guerra — Viseu Depósito legal: 277 649/08 1.ª edição: Junho de 2008 00 Caraça Intro 12/6/08 11:38 Page 7 Os editores agradecem à Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian o apoio sem o qual esta obra não poderia ter sido publicada. 00 Caraça Intro 12/6/08 11:38 Page 8 00 Caraça Intro 12/6/08 11:38 Page 9 Índice Os autores . 13 Introdução Ciência e sociedade – ciência e cidadania . 19 João de Pina Cabral e Luísa Schmidt I Parte Bento de Jesus Caraça: cientista e cidadão . 31 Bento de Jesus Caraça: uma biografia . 33 Helena Neves Uma lição de solidariedade e de liberdade . 45 João Caraça Bento de Jesus Caraça e o ideal da Universidade Popular . 49 Paulo Almeida Bibliografia activa de Bento de Jesus Caraça . 59 Alberto Pedroso II Parte Ensaios em homenagem a Bento de Jesus Caraça . 81 Comunicar a ciência: o papel dos media e os problemas científico-ambientais . 85 Luísa Schmidt Questionando algumas ideias feitas sobre a investigação, a divulgação e o ensino . 115 Nuno Crato 00 Caraça Intro 12/6/08 11:38 Page 10 Controlo democrático da tecnologia: uma promessa por cumprir? . 135 Maria Eduarda Gonçalves Ciência e sacrifício pessoal . 149 Viriato Soromenho-Marques Biologia e política: eugenismos de ontem e de hoje . 165 Hermínio Martins Biomedicina, saúde pública e biopolítica . 219 João Arriscado Nunes Seguros: que poder? . 231 Ruy de Carvalho Acaso, necessidade, acção: entre Aristóteles e Verdi . 247 Fernando Gil 00 Caraça Intro 12/6/08 11:38 Page 11 Índice de fotos, figuras e quadros Fotos 1 Desenho de Ofélia Marques . 34 2 Bento de Jesus Caraça no Chiado, anos 1930 . 37 3 Bento de Jesus Caraça na serra da Estrela, Lagoacho Serrano, Agosto de 1940 . 39 4 Bento de Jesus Caraça, c. 1940 . 41 5 Herdade da Casa Branca, Montoito, Concelho do Redondo, c. 1905 . 46 6 Universidade Livre . 51 7 Símbolo da UPP . 52 8 Sede da cooperativa A Padaria do Povo (R. Luís Derouet, Campo de Ourique) . 53 9 A Cultura Integral do Indivíduo, conferência proferida em 1933 . 54 Figuras 1 Dois extractos de obras de Bento de Jesus Caraça . 117 2 Um conceito explicado duas vezes, uma, para leitores curiosos, outra, para estudantes universitários . 119 3 Vale a pena atentar nalguns artigos de crítica literária que aparecem na imprensa generalista . 127 4 Um mesmo tema tratado em dois artigos diferentes, um no Expresso, outro no El País . 130 5 Dois artigos de divulgação sobre o mesmo tema, um no Expresso, outro no New York Times . 131 00 Caraça Intro 12/6/08 11:38 Page 12 Quadros 1 Vítimas da solidão heróica . 151 2 Vítimas da desmesura (in)voluntária . 152 3 Vítimas do preconceito conveniente . 154 4 Vítimas da esperança . 157 5 Vítimas da subordinação da ciência à técnica . 158 6 Vítimas da politização da ciência . 159 00 Caraça Intro 12/6/08 11:38 Page 13 Os autores Fernando Gil. (1937-2006) Filósofo, Professor Catedrático (Uni- versidade Nova de Lisboa), Directeur d’études (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris) e Visiting Professor (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore). Recebeu o Prémio Pessoa em 1993 e era Grande Oficial da Ordem do Infante D. Henrique (1992) e Chevalier des Palmes Académiques (1995). Autor de vasta obra, da qual se destaca: La Logique du nom (1972); Mimésis e Negação (1984); Provas (1986, trad. franc. 1998, trad. ital. 1990); Traité de l’évidence (1993); Modos da Evidência (1998); A Convicção (2003, trad. franc. 2000, trad. ital. 2003); Mediações ( 2001) e ainda, em colaboração com João de Pina Cabral e Pierre Livet, O Processo da Crença (2004). Hermínio Martins. Sociólogo. Foi Professor nas Universidades de Leeds, Essex, Harvard, Pennsylvania e Oxford, e investigador no Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa. Autor de vasta obra sobre federalismo, teoria social, sociologia da ciência, sociologia da tecnologia, sociologia do Portugal contemporâneo. Destaca-se: Scientific establishments and hierarchies (1982); organizou Death in Portugal (1983); Max Weber´s ‘Science as a Vocation’ (1989); Knowledge and Passion: Essays in Honour of John Rex (1993); Debating Durkheim (1994); Hegel, Texas e Outros Ensaios de Teoria Social (1996); Classe, Status e Poder: Ensaios sobre o Portugal Contemporâneo (1998); Dilemas da Civilização Tecnológica (2003). João Arriscado Nunes. Sociólogo, Professor da Faculdade de Economia e Investigador do Centro de Estudos Sociais da Uni- versidade de Coimbra. As suas principais áreas de investigação são os estudos sociais das ciências da vida, biomedicina e saúde pública; o debate público e a regulação das tecnologias emergentes; as novas for- mas de acção colectiva na saúde; democracia e participação em domí- nios ligados à ciência e tecnologia. Entre outros organizou, com Maria 13 00 Caraça Intro 12/6/08 11:38 Page 14 Ciência e Cidadania Eduarda Gonçalves, Enteados de Galileu: A Semiperiferia no Sistema Mundial da Ciência (2001); com Boaventura Sousa Santos, Reinventing democracy: Grassroots movements in Portugal (2006); e, com Ricardo Roque, Objectos Impuros: Experiências em Estudos sobre a Ciência (2008). João Caraça. Doutorado em Física Nuclear (Oxford) e agregado em Física (Lisboa), Director do Serviço de Ciência da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian e Professor Catedrático convidado do Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Consultor para a Ciência do Presidente da República (1996-2006). Tem vasta obra nas áreas da política científica e tecnológica e da prospectiva, entre as quais, Do Saber ao Fazer: Porquê Organizar a Ciência (1993); Ciência (1997); Science et Communication (1999); Entre a Ciência e a Consciência (2002) e À Procura do Portugal Moderno (2003). João de Pina Cabral. Antropólogo Social, Investigador Coordenador do Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa. Foi Presidente fundador da Associação Portuguesa de Antropologia e Presidente da Associação Europeia de Antropólogos Sociais (2003 e 2005). É membro honorário do Royal Anthropological Institute.
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