Lucid Dreaming and Consciousness: a Theoretical Investigation
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Theoretical Models of Consciousness: a Scoping Review
brain sciences Review Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review Davide Sattin 1,2,*, Francesca Giulia Magnani 1, Laura Bartesaghi 1, Milena Caputo 1, Andrea Veronica Fittipaldo 3, Martina Cacciatore 1, Mario Picozzi 4 and Matilde Leonardi 1 1 Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit—Scientific Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; [email protected] (F.G.M.); [email protected] (L.B.); [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (M.L.) 2 Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities-PhD Program, Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department and Center for Clinical Ethics, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy 3 Oncology Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; veronicaandrea.fi[email protected] 4 Center for Clinical Ethics, Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-02-2394-2709 Abstract: The amount of knowledge on human consciousness has created a multitude of viewpoints and it is difficult to compare and synthesize all the recent scientific perspectives. Indeed, there are many definitions of consciousness and multiple approaches to study the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC). Therefore, the main aim of this article is to collect data on the various theories of consciousness published between 2007–2017 and to synthesize them to provide a general overview of this topic. To describe each theory, we developed a thematic grid called the dimensional model, which qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes how each article, related to one specific theory, debates/analyzes a specific issue. -
Measuring Consciousness in Dreams: the Lucidity and Consciousness In
Consciousness and Cognition 22 (2013) 8–21 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Consciousness and Cognition journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/concog Measuring consciousness in dreams: The lucidity and consciousness in dreams scale ⇑ Ursula Voss a,b, , Karin Schermelleh-Engel a, Jennifer Windt c, Clemens Frenzel d, Allan Hobson e a J.W. Goethe University, Deptartment of Psychology, Frankfurt, Germany b Vitos Hochtaunus GmbH, Waldkrankenhaus Koeppern, Germany c Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany d Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Deptartment of Psychology, Bonn, Germany e Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States article info abstract Article history: In this article, we present results from an interdisciplinary research project aimed at Received 28 April 2012 assessing consciousness in dreams. For this purpose, we compared lucid dreams with nor- mal non-lucid dreams from REM sleep. Both lucid and non-lucid dreams are an important contrast condition for theories of waking consciousness, giving valuable insights into the Keywords: structure of conscious experience and its neural correlates during sleep. However, the pre- Consciousness cise differences between lucid and non-lucid dreams remain poorly understood. The con- Dreams struction of the Lucidity and Consciousness in Dreams scale (LuCiD) was based on Lucid dreaming theoretical considerations and empirical observations. Exploratory factor analysis of the Emotion Insight data from the first survey identified eight factors that were validated in a second survey Control using confirmatory factor analysis: INSIGHT, CONTROL, THOUGHT, REALISM, MEMORY, Thought DISSOCIATION, NEGATIVE EMOTION, and POSITIVE EMOTION. While all factors are involved in dream consciousness, realism and negative emotion do not differentiate between lucid and non-lucid dreams, suggesting that lucid insight is separable from both bizarreness in dreams and a change in the subjectively experienced realism of the dream. -
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PhoenixPhoenixBristol eastbayri.com THURSDAY, JULY 17, 2014 VOL. 178, NO. 29 $1.00 Voters to FFaammiillyy,, ffaaiitthh decide school aanndd ffoooodd funding issue Ballot initiatives will determine how enrollment is calculated BY TED HAYES [email protected] Voters will get to decide later this year how exactly to determine how many students are enrolled in the Bristol Warren School Dis- trict every year. It sounds odd, but the issue of enrollment for years has vexed the Joint Finance Committee when it comes to divvying state education aid between the two towns. The biggest issue occurs when there are “spikes” in stu- dent population, either up or down, from one year to the next and in one town and not the oth- er. Since school funding is par- tially based on how many stu- dents are enrolled in each town, those “spikes can cause issues,” PHOTOS BY MANUEL C. “MANNY” CORREIRA Warren Town Council president The statue of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel is carried down High Street in perfect weather conditions Sunday. Chris Stanley said. The legislation, sponsored by Sen. Walter Felag of Warren and 116th OLMC Feast draws huge crowds to sample tables of Italian food, desserts David Bates of Bristol and approved by Gov. Lincoln Chaffee BY MANUEL C. “MANNY” CORREIRA earlier this month, will put a ques- Special to the Phoenix tion on the November ballot that he 116th edition of the Feast of asks residents of Bristol and War- Our Lady of Mt. Carmel took ren whether they want to change place this past weekend with the way enrollment is calculated. -
Decolonizing Rhetoric in Legal Writing for a “Woke” Legal Academy, 21 the Scholar 255 (2019)
UIC School of Law UIC Law Open Access Repository UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship 12-2019 Still Writing at the Master’s Table: Decolonizing Rhetoric in Legal Writing for a “Woke” Legal Academy, 21 The Scholar 255 (2019) Teri A. McMurtry-Chubb [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.uic.edu/facpubs Part of the Law and Philosophy Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Law and Race Commons, Law and Society Commons, Legal Education Commons, Legal History Commons, Legal Profession Commons, and the Legal Writing and Research Commons Recommended Citation Teri McMurtry-Chubb, Still Writing at the Master’s Table: Decolonizing Rhetoric in Legal Writing for a “Woke” Legal Academy, 21 The Scholar 255 (2019) https://repository.law.uic.edu/facpubs/734 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UIC Law Open Access Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of UIC Law Open Access Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. McMurtry-Chubb: Decolonizing Rhetoric in Legal Writing STILL WRITING AT THE MASTER’S TABLE: DECOLONIZING RHETORIC IN LEGAL WRITING FOR A “WOKE” LEGAL ACADEMY1 TERI A. MCMURTRY-CHUBB* I. WESTERN THOUGHT & INVENTIO AND DISPOSITIO AS BARRIERS TO SOCIAL JUSTICE ............................................... 258 A. Mississippi History: Conflict and Change .......................... 261 B. Loewen v. John Turnipseed & the Mississippi State Textbook Purchasing Board ............................................... 266 C. Litigation, Legal Education, & the Dominance of the Western Rhetorical Canon ....................................... 269 II. FROM CANONICITY TO CENTERING OPPOSITIONAL RHETORICS .. 272 A. Indigenous Rhetorics .......................................................... 274 B. African Diasporic Rhetoric ............................................... -
Martha Wash to Be Honored on World Aids Day Page 13
Volume 25 • Issue 22 • No. 469 • November 22, 2012 • outwordmagazine.com Martha Wash To Be Honored On World Aids Day page 13 SGMC Lights Your World page 8 Brandy and Miguel page 15 Del Shores & Disco page 17 Drag Queens on Ice Pics! page 21 Our Annual Holiday Shopping Guide is on page 12! COLOR GIVE THE GIFT OF FAIR TRADE, CO-OPERATIVE VALUES AND REAL FOOD FOR EVERYONE OPEN DAILY 7AM–10PM (530) 758-2667 • www.davisfood.coop 620 G Street (cross is Sixth) • Davis 95616 YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD GROCERY STORE... & SO MUCH MORE. 2 Outword Magazine November 22, 2012 - December 13, 2012 • Volume 25 • Issue 22 • No. 469 outwordmagazine.com COLOR Ad Name: Gay Males club Closing Date: 3/28/12 Trim: 10.8125x13 Item #: PBL20109925 QC: CS Bleed: none Job/Order #:238788 Pub: Outword Live: 10.3125x12.5 COLOR 594708_02712 10.8125x13 4c Personal Financial Review You’ve found one another and you’re ready to take the next big step — sharing expenses. Talk to someone who can help you navigate the maze of your personal finances and help you take control of your financial situation. Wells Fargo has a wide range of accounts and services including flexible checking and savings accounts, investments, and loans, and we’ll work with you to create a financial strategy that works for you both. Speak with a Wells Fargo banker today, and take your next big step with confidence. wellsfargo.com © 2011 Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. (594708_02712) 594708_02712 10.8125x13 4c.indd 1 8/4/11 10:42 AM Outword Letters Staff actualization. -
Memphis Dzyn001-052.Indd
18 1919 MEMPHIS POLICE DEPARTMENT HISTORY THE HISTORY OF THE MEMPHIS POLICE DEPARTMENT Written by Eddie M. Ashmore Researched by Joseph E. Walk Sidebars written by MPD Research and Development emphis began as a rough and tumble riverboat town, second home to characters like Big Mike Fink and Davy Crockett. MThe city was incorporated in 1826, only a few years after General Andrew Jackson acquired the land west of the Tennessee River from the Chickasaws by treaty. Tennessee was part of the western frontier of the young nation. The sheriff of Shelby County was appointed when the county was organized, but soon a law enforcement officer was appointed specifically to serve the town of Memphis. Memphis’s first lawman was John J. Balch. He was elected as Town Constable on May 12, 1827. A town constable had the same power as other constables of the county. The one man Police Department was a tinker by trade. Balch May 4, 1840, “An account to M. M. Wise for three dollars earned his living mainly by mending household pots and pans was also allowed, being for rattlers for the use of the night and other utensils. The job of Town Constable was a part-time watch.” position that included both criminal and civil law enforcement. Rattles used by the police force were wooden noise makers. Balch walked an area of less than one half of a square mile in When the device was rotated by the handle, a flat piece of wood his patrol of the young town, and earned fees from fines and struck against a notched wheel making a clacking sound that licenses. -
Gerald Edelman - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Gerald Edelman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Gerald Edelman From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Gerald Maurice Edelman (born July 1, 1929) is an Contents American biologist who shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Gerald Maurice Edelman Featured content Physiology or Medicine for work with Rodney Robert Born July 1, 1929 (age 83) Current events Porter on the immune system.[1] Edelman's Nobel Prize- Ozone Park, Queens, New York Nationality Random article winning research concerned discovery of the structure of American [2] Fields Donate to Wikipedia antibody molecules. In interviews, he has said that the immunology; neuroscience way the components of the immune system evolve over Alma Ursinus College, University of Interaction the life of the individual is analogous to the way the mater Pennsylvania School of Medicine Help components of the brain evolve in a lifetime. There is a Known for immune system About Wikipedia continuity in this way between his work on the immune system, for which he won the Nobel Prize, and his later Notable Nobel Prize in Physiology or Community portal work in neuroscience and in philosophy of mind. awards Medicine in 1972 Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Contents [hide] Toolbox 1 Education and career 2 Nobel Prize Print/export 2.1 Disulphide bonds 2.2 Molecular models of antibody structure Languages 2.3 Antibody sequencing 2.4 Topobiology 3 Theory of consciousness Беларуская 3.1 Neural Darwinism Български 4 Evolution Theory Català 5 Personal Deutsch 6 See also Español 7 References Euskara 8 Bibliography Français 9 Further reading 10 External links Hrvatski Ido Education and career [edit] Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Gerald Edelman was born in 1929 in Ozone Park, Queens, New York to Jewish parents, physician Edward Edelman, and Anna Freedman Edelman, who worked in the insurance industry.[3] After עברית Kiswahili being raised in New York, he attended college in Pennsylvania where he graduated magna cum Nederlands laude with a B.S. -
Dichterliebe" by Robert Alexander Schumann
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1959 An Analysis of Musical Form, Comparison of Translations, and Interpretations of the "Dichterliebe" by Robert Alexander Schumann David Lynn Walter Eastern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses Part of the Musicology Commons Recommended Citation Walter, David Lynn, "An Analysis of Musical Form, Comparison of Translations, and Interpretations of the "Dichterliebe" by Robert Alexander Schumann" (1959). Masters Theses. 4718. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4718 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Date � ( / .llN AHALYSIS OF J.ftJSICAL FOilH, COl-iPARISOH OF TRANSLATIONS, AND INTERPHETATIONS OF THE DICHTERLIEBE BY ROBE.'R.T ALEXANDE.11. SCHlJ1·WlN A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Husic Eastern Illinois University In Partial Eulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Education by David LYnn Halter -.:> May 1959. TABLE OF CONTENTS� CHAPTER PAGE I. THE PROBLEM 1 II. GENERAL REMARKS. 2 Schumann '.2 Romanticism and the Lied .3 Schumann and.Romanticism 4 Schubert, Schumann, and Wolf 4 Dichterliebe 6 Source 6 List of songs 7 Poetry and music 8 Accompaniments.and vocal line 11 Cyclic links 16 Editions. •.. 18 III. !'!OTES ON EACH ClF THE. SONGS 21 "Im wunder.schonen Monat Hai11' 21 11:11:us meinen Tranen spriessen11 22 11Die Rose, die Lilie, die Taube" 24 11:Wenn ich in deine Allgen seh 111' 25 "ImRhein, im heiligen Strome" 27 e0Ich grolle nicht11· • • •. -
The Mancini Codex : a Manuscript Study
.. i l "q-w T}IE MANCINI CODEX : A MANUSCRIPT STUDY by Carol J. Williams B. Mus (Hons) A thesis submitted in fulfilnent of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the- Faculty of Music at the University of Adelaide. August,19B3 ii . ( ¡!,..,r.t, {,\ i,., ilti VOLI.JME III CONTENTS Preface i I Madrigal Sources I Origin 5 Form 8 Ballata Sources T2 0rigin 15 Forrn I9 Rondeau Sources 32 Origin 34 Form 38 Ba1 lade Sources 43 Origin 44 Form 48 Virelai Sources 52 Origin 53 Form 56 II Man. 1 La douce ciere 59 Man. 2 Dueil angoisseux 62 Man. 3 Serva ciaschuno 63 Man. 4 Rechordete de me 64 Man. 5 Zoya de novi odori 6s Man. 6 Per un verde boschetto 67 Man. 7 La sacrosancta karita 68 Man. 8 Perche cangiato 70 Man. 9 Le aurate chione t5 Man. 10 Senpre'donna t ramay--- --:-----: 75 Man. 11 Non chorrer troppo 77 Man. L2 La bel1e flour 7B Man. I3 Mal vi loyaute 79 Man. I4 Mon bel any corteus 81 Man. 15 Mon bel amy mon confort 82 Man. 16 Merçi pour dieu 83 Man. 77 Loiñgtenps j'ay mis 85 Man. 18 Va pur amore 86 Man. 19 Donna srittto fallito 87 Man. 20 Con lagreme bagnandone 89 Man. 2I Ave vergene 92 Man. 22 La fianma del to amor 93 Man. 23 Donna posso io sperare 94 Man. 24 Rosetta che non cambi 97 Man. 25 Un fior gentil 98 'Man. 26 Deus deorun pluto 99 Man. 27 Arnor ne tossa 101 Man. -
Towards a Possible Entropy-Driven Process of Consciousness
Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, 2018, 8, 674-696 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jbbs ISSN Online: 2160-5874 ISSN Print: 2160-5866 Towards a Possible Entropy-Driven Process of Consciousness Pierre R. Blanquet1,2 1Club d’Histoire des Neurosciences, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France 2Lab. SHERE, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France How to cite this paper: Blanquet, P.R. Abstract (2018) Towards a Possible Entropy-Driven Process of Consciousness. Journal of Beha- In the present article, we argue that consciousness and body are not to be vioral and Brain Science, 8, 674-696. separate to explain the intentional consciousness of the human being facing https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2018.812041 to environment. 1) The most neurobiologist and neurocognitivist studies Received: November 21, 2018 suggest that the emerging consciousness appears to be a generic recurring Accepted: December 24, 2018 process which subsumes under it the various results of scientist approaches. Published: December 27, 2018 When analyzed with the cybernetic transductive method of Simondon, this process can be viewed as a noetico-neuronal unit which the sui generis activ- Copyright © 2018 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. ity can be boiled down to concept of intentional consciousness. 2) Homeosta- This work is licensed under the Creative sis can be also metaphorically described as a generic recurring process which Commons Attribution International subsumes under it the myriad molecular feedback loops of organism. This License (CC BY 4.0). self-regulating dynamic process could be governed by the cosmologic (Earth http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access + Universe) production of entropy, which would keep high activity and dis- sipating energy and low internal entropy to maintain an ordering in the or- ganic structure. -
Affective Consciousness: Core Emotional Feelings in Animals And
ARTICLE IN PRESS Consciousness and Cognition Consciousness and Cognition xxx (2005) xxx–xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/concog Affective consciousness: Core emotional feelings in animals and humans Jaak Panksepp Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineerings, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA Received 7 February 2004 Abstract The position advanced in this paper is that the bedrock of emotional feelings is contained within the evolved emotional action apparatus of mammalian brains. This dual-aspect monism approach to brain– mind functions, which asserts that emotional feelings may reflect the neurodynamics of brain systems that generate instinctual emotional behaviors, saves us from various conceptual conundrums. In coarse form, primary process affective consciousness seems to be fundamentally an unconditional ‘‘gift of nature’’ rather than an acquired skill, even though those systems facilitate skill acquisition via various felt reinforcements. Affective consciousness, being a comparatively intrinsic function of the brain, shared homologously by all mammalian species, should be the easiest variant of consciousness to study in animals. This is not to deny that some secondary processes (e.g., awareness of feelings in the generation of behavioral choices) cannot be evaluated in animals with sufficiently clever behavioral learning procedures, as with place-preference procedures and the analysis of changes in learned behaviors after one has induced re-valuation of incen- tives. Rather, the claim is that a direct neuroscientific study of primary process emotional/affective states is best achieved through the study of the intrinsic (‘‘instinctual’’), albeit experientially refined, emotional action tendencies of other animals. -
Consciousness, Dreams, and Inference
J. Allan Hobson 1 and Karl J. Friston 2 Consciousness, Dreams, and Inference ¡ ¥ ¨ The Cartesian Theatre Revisited ¤ ¡ ¢ ¥ ¤ ¤ Abstract: This paper considers the Cartesian theatre as a metaphor ¡ ¨ for the virtual reality models that the brain uses to make inferences ¡ about the world. This treatment derives from our attempts to under- ¨ ¥ ¤ £ stand dreaming and waking consciousness in terms of free energy ¢ minimization. The idea here is that the Cartesian theatre is not ¡ observed by an internal (homuncular) audience but furnishes a thea- © tre in which fictive narratives and fantasies can be rehearsed and ¨ § tested against sensory evidence. We suppose the brain is driven by the ¥ ¦ ¤ £ ¡ imperative to infer the causes of its sensory samples; in much the same ¢ ¤ ¡ way as scientists are compelled to test hypotheses about experimental ¢ ¤ data. This recapitulates Helmholtz’s notion of unconscious inference ¡ and Gregory’streatment of perception as hypothesis testing. However, we take this further and consider the active sampling of the world as the gathering of confirmatory evidence for hypotheses based on our virtual reality. The ensuing picture of consciousness (or active infer - ence) resolves a number of seemingly hard problems in consciousness research and is internally consistent with current thinking in systems neuroscience and theoretical neurobiology. In this formalism, there is a dualism that distinguishes between the (conscious) process of Correspondence: Karl Friston, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG. Email: [email protected] [1] Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. [2] The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG.